WO2021120772A1 - 一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置 - Google Patents

一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021120772A1
WO2021120772A1 PCT/CN2020/118052 CN2020118052W WO2021120772A1 WO 2021120772 A1 WO2021120772 A1 WO 2021120772A1 CN 2020118052 W CN2020118052 W CN 2020118052W WO 2021120772 A1 WO2021120772 A1 WO 2021120772A1
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Prior art keywords
tooth
grate
sealing
intercepting
gas
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PCT/CN2020/118052
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张勃
陈远翔
王治国
吉洪湖
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南京航空航天大学
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Priority to US17/615,114 priority Critical patent/US11543034B2/en
Publication of WO2021120772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021120772A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
    • F16J15/4472—Labyrinth packings with axial path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of aircraft scanning engineering, in particular to a grate sealing device for reducing the amount of gas intrusion.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a grate sealing device for the problems raised by the background art.
  • This grate sealing device can effectively reduce the intrusion of hot gas in the turbine components and effectively improve the sealing of the grate teeth. The tightness.
  • a grate tooth sealing device for reducing the amount of gas intrusion comprising a rotating shaft, the outer coaxial sleeve of the rotating shaft is provided with a sealing bushing, and a plurality of sealing grate teeth arranged axially are arranged on the rotating shaft,
  • the outer peripheral surface of the sealing grate teeth is in clearance fit with the inner ring surface of the sealing bushing, so that the tooth tip of the sealing grate tooth and the inner ring surface of the sealing bushing form a tooth tip gap, and the adjacent sealing grate teeth form teeth.
  • the cavity is characterized in that: the sealing bush is provided with a jet hole in the front part of the tooth tip gap, the direction of the jet hole is toward the tooth tip of the corresponding sealing grate, and the air flow jetted from the jet hole can be opposed to The hot gas flowing into the tooth tip gap is suppressed; the sealing bush is provided with a first intercepting member at the rear of the tooth tip gap, and the first intercepting member makes the hot gas flowing on the inner wall of the sealing bush meet To hinder, a part of the reverse flow is generated, which is violently mixed with the subsequent hot gas.
  • the sealing grate is provided with a second blocking member behind the tooth tip gap, and the second blocking member makes the sealing tight
  • the hot gas flowing in the grate encounters obstacles, and a part of it flows in a reverse direction, which is violently mixed with the subsequent hot gas.
  • the front sides of the above-mentioned first and second intercepting parts that is, the windward face, are equipped with installation elastic diaphragms.
  • each tooth tip gap mentioned above is provided with a jet hole
  • the rear part is provided with a first intercepting piece and a second intercepting piece.
  • the aperture of the jet hole and the height of the first intercepting piece and the second intercepting piece are It gradually decreases later, and the diameter of the first jet hole is one-third of the width of the tooth tip of the corresponding sealing grate.
  • first intercepting piece and second intercepting piece are rectangular intercepting pieces.
  • the bottom of the tooth cavity is provided with a mixing hole, and the mixing hole can inject air flow into the tooth cavity and consume the kinetic energy of the hot gas in the tooth cavity.
  • the gas flow injected by the above-mentioned mixed flow hole is low-temperature argon gas.
  • a grate sealing device for reducing the amount of gas intrusion in this embodiment includes a rotating shaft 1, a sealing bushing 2 is coaxially sleeved outside the rotating shaft 1, and a plurality of sealing grates arranged axially are arranged on the rotating shaft 1 Tooth 3, the outer circumferential surface of the sealing grate tooth 3 is in clearance fit with the inner ring surface of the sealing bush 2, so that the tooth tip of the sealing grate 3 and the inner ring surface of the sealing bush 2 form a tooth tip gap 3a, adjacent to each other A tooth cavity 3b is formed between the sealing grate teeth 3, which is characterized in that the sealing bush 2 is provided with a jet hole 21 at the front of the tooth tip gap 3a, and the direction of the jet hole 21 faces the teeth of the corresponding sealing grate tooth 3.
  • the air flow injected by the jet hole 21 can suppress the hot gas flowing into the tooth tip gap 3a;
  • the sealing bush 2 is provided with a first intercepting member 22 at the rear of the tooth tip clearance 3a, and the first intercepting member 22 seals
  • the hot gas flowing on the inner wall of the strict liner 2 encounters obstacles, and a part of it will flow in the opposite direction, which will be violently mixed with the subsequent hot gas.
  • the sealed grate 3 is provided with a second shutoff member 31 at the rear of the tooth tip gap 3a.
  • the second shut-off member 31 makes the hot gas flowing in the tightly sealed grate teeth 3 encounter obstacles, and a part of the hot gas flows in the opposite direction, which is violently mixed with the subsequent hot gas.
  • the front sides of the first intercepting member 22 and the second intercepting member 31, that is, the windward side, are installed with elastic diaphragms.
  • each tooth tip gap 3a is provided with a jet hole 21, and the rear part is provided with a first interceptor 22 and a second interceptor 31, and the aperture of the jet hole 21 and the first interceptor 22 and The height of the second intercepting member 31 gradually decreases from front to back, and the diameter of the first jet hole 21 is one third of the width of the tooth tip of the corresponding sealing grate 3.
  • the gas flow injected into the mixed flow hole 32 is low-temperature argon gas.
  • each tooth cavity 3b is provided with a mixing hole 32, and the diameter of the mixing hole 32 of different tooth cavities 3b gradually decreases from front to back.
  • the gas flow injected by the jet hole 21 is low-temperature argon gas.
  • This embodiment is a sealing structure that combines jet injection and grate sealing to inhibit heat intrusion.
  • the grate sealing structure is adopted, three trapezoidal grate teeth are sealed, two bushing jets are incident, and two sets of tooth cavity jets are used for sealing. Incident, to achieve the purpose of preventing or weakening gas intrusion. Use the grate teeth to form a sudden shrinking and sudden expansion throttling device in the flow channel to prevent the gas flow from entering.
  • elastic foils are arranged on the windward side in front of the rectangular first intercepting part 22 and the rectangular second intercepting part 31. Welding is used with the rectangular second intercepting member 31; the elasticity of the elastic foil is used to increase the flow rate of the reverse flow and strengthen the mixing between the fluids; for the hot gas flowing into the tooth cavity 3b, it is further improved by the tooth cavity jet Strengthen its blending to consume its kinetic energy, reduce invasion, and reduce the temperature at the same time.
  • the jet incident uses low-temperature argon as the medium.
  • argon can hinder the flow of hot gas, which can not only weaken its intrusion flow, but also reduce its flow by mixing the low-temperature jet and hot gas. Temperature, reduce the damage of this part of the invading gas to the components.
  • the use of argon avoids the problem of secondary combustion of unburned invading hot gas and oxygen in the air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Abstract

一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，包括转轴(1),转轴(1)外同轴套设有封严衬套(2),转轴(1)上设置有多个轴向排布的封严篦齿(3)，封严篦齿(3)与封严衬套(2)之间设有齿尖间隙（3a），封严衬套(2)在齿尖间隙(3a)的前部设置有射流孔(21)，封严衬套(2)在齿尖间隙(3a)的后部设置有第一截流件(22)，封严篦齿(3)在齿尖间隙(3a)的后部设置有第二截流件(31)。

Description

一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置 技术领域
本发明涉及飞机扫描工程领域，具体而言，涉及一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置。
背景技术
随着航空事业的发展，对飞机的机动性、可靠性和经济性的要求越来越高，因此迫切需要改进航空发动机的各个部件，以保证发动机高性能的要求。低油耗、高推比、高可靠性和耐久性是现代航空燃气涡轮发动机的发展趋势，但是发动机内部的温度和压比逐渐升高，使得内流系统的泄漏日趋严重，而封严的性能直接影响到航空发动机燃油消耗率、飞行成本、推重比等工作性能。为了减少泄漏损失，提高发动机的整体性能，在许多部位改进原有的封严装置显得尤为重要。国内外研究表明未来航空发动机性能的提高一半将取决于封严技术的改善和泄漏量的降低。因此，人们对高性能密封结构的要求越来越迫切，改进和发展新的封严装置对减少耗油率、提高发动机效率具有重要的实用价值和意义。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是针对背景技术提出的问题，提供一种篦齿封严装置，这种篦齿封严装置能有效降低热燃气在涡轮部件中的入侵，有效提高篦齿封严的密封性。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，包括转轴，所述的转轴外同轴套设有封严衬套，所述的转轴上设置有多个轴向排布的封严篦齿，封严篦齿外周面与封严衬套内环面间隙配合，使得封严篦齿的齿尖与封严衬套内环面之间形成齿尖间隙，相邻封严篦齿之间形成齿腔，其特征是：所述的封严衬套在齿尖间隙的前部设置有射流孔，所述的射流孔的方向朝向相应的封严篦齿的齿尖，射流孔喷射的气流能对流入齿尖间隙的热燃气形成压制；所述的封严衬套在齿尖间隙的后部设置有第一截流件，所述的第一截流件使贴封严衬套内壁流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混，所述的封严篦齿在齿尖间隙的后部设置有第二截流件，所述的第二截流件使贴封严篦齿流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混。
为优化上述技术方案，采取的具体措施还包括：
上述的第一截流件和第二截流件的前侧面，即迎风面，安装有安装弹性膜片。
上述的每个齿尖间隙的前部均设置有射流孔，后部均设置有第一截流件和第二截流件，且射流孔的孔径以及第一截流件和第二截流件的高度，从前至后逐渐减小，最前的一个射流 孔的孔径为相应的封严篦齿的齿尖宽度的三分之一。
上述的第一截流件和第二截流件为矩形截留件。
上述的齿腔底部开设有混流孔，所述的混流孔能向齿腔中注入气流，消耗齿腔中热燃气动能。
上述的混流孔注入的气流为低温氩气。
上述的每个齿腔底部均开设有混流孔，不同齿腔的混流孔的孔径从前至后逐渐减小。
上述的射流孔喷射的气流为低温氩气。
上述的封严篦齿具有三个，相应的，齿尖间隙的数量为三个，齿腔的数量为两个。
本发明通过在篦齿齿尖对应衬套位置引入低温惰性气体射流，压制齿尖热燃气泄漏流在齿尖形成贴壁流动，再配合齿尖与衬套上的矩形弹性截流件，对齿尖射流形成二次阻碍，抑制齿尖热燃气射流流动，降低热气流入侵量，同时通过对热燃气的掺混降温，削弱热侵入部分对下游部件的损害；对于进入齿腔的热燃气，利用齿腔射流强化其与此部分热燃气射流的掺混，降低其动能。在此过程中，采用惰性气流，避免热燃气流动过程中产生二次燃烧。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中，附图标记为：转轴1、封严衬套2、射流孔21、第一截流件22、封严篦齿3、齿尖间隙3a、齿腔3b、第二截流件31、混流孔32。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述。
本实施例的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，包括转轴1，转轴1外同轴套设有封严衬套2，转轴1上设置有多个轴向排布的封严篦齿3，封严篦齿3外周面与封严衬套2内环面间隙配合，使得封严篦齿3的齿尖与封严衬套2内环面之间形成齿尖间隙3a，相邻封严篦齿3之间形成齿腔3b，其特征是：封严衬套2在齿尖间隙3a的前部设置有射流孔21，射流孔21的方向朝向相应的封严篦齿3的齿尖，射流孔21喷射的气流能对流入齿尖间隙3a的热燃气形成压制；封严衬套2在齿尖间隙3a的后部设置有第一截流件22，第一截流件22使贴封严衬套2内壁流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混，封严篦齿3在齿尖间隙3a的后部设置有第二截流件31，第二截流件31使贴封严篦齿3流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混。
实施例中，第一截流件22和第二截流件31的前侧面，即迎风面，安装有安装弹性膜片。
实施例中，每个齿尖间隙3a的前部均设置有射流孔21，后部均设置有第一截流件22和第二截流件31，且射流孔21的孔径以及第一截流件22和第二截流件31的高度，从前至后逐渐减小，最前的一个射流孔21的孔径为相应的封严篦齿3的齿尖宽度的三分之一。
实施例中，第一截流件22和第二截流件31为矩形截留件。
实施例中，齿腔3b底部开设有混流孔32，混流孔32能向齿腔3b中注入气流，消耗齿腔3b中热燃气动能。混流孔32为圆形孔，最前的混流孔32孔径等于1/4齿腔3b底部宽度。
实施例中，混流孔32注入的气流为低温氩气。
实施例中，每个齿腔3b底部均开设有混流孔32，不同齿腔3b的混流孔32的孔径从前至后逐渐减小。
实施例中，射流孔21喷射的气流为低温氩气。
实施例中，封严篦齿3具有三个，相应的，齿尖间隙3a的数量为三个，齿腔3b的数量为两个。
本实施例为一种射流注入和篦齿封严结合的抑制热流入侵的封严结构，采用篦齿封严结构，三道梯形篦齿封严，两道衬套射流入射，两套齿腔射流入射，实现防止或者削弱燃气入侵的目的。利用篦齿封严在流道中构成突缩、突扩的节流装置，阻碍燃气流入侵，在第一级封严篦齿3齿尖上方前侧边缘对应的封严衬套2位置上布置圆形射流孔21，其孔径等于1/3齿尖宽度；压制齿尖热燃气射流向下偏转，减小流通面积；然后在在第一级封严篦齿3齿尖后侧边缘处布置矩形第二截流件31，与封严篦齿3之间采用焊接形式连接；封严衬套2在射流孔21相应的封严篦齿3下游5-6倍射流孔径处布置矩形第一截流件22；使贴壁流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混，能量耗散。考虑到热燃气突扩流动以后存在瞬时脉动特性，在矩形第一截流件22和矩形第二截流件31前侧迎风侧布置弹性箔片，弹性箔片与矩形第一截流件22、弹性箔片与矩形第二截流件31之间采用焊接；利用弹性箔片的弹力，增大反向流动的流速，强化流体之间的掺混；针对流入齿腔3b的热燃气，则通过齿腔射流进一步强化其掺混，起到消耗其动能，减少入侵，同时降低温度的目的。
在整个方案中，射流入射采用低温氩气作为介质，一方面，作为低温气体，氩气可以阻碍热燃气流动，不但可以削弱其入侵流量，还可以通过低温射流与热燃气的掺混，降低其温度，降低这部分入侵燃气对部件的损害。另一方面，采用氩气，避免了未燃尽的入侵热燃气与空气中的氧气的二次燃烧问题。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于 本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，包括转轴(1)，所述的转轴(1)外同轴套设有封严衬套(2)，转轴(1)上设置有多个轴向排布的封严篦齿(3)，封严篦齿(3)外周面与封严衬套(2)内环面间隙配合，使得封严篦齿(3)的齿尖与封严衬套(2)内环面之间形成齿尖间隙(3a)，相邻封严篦齿(3)之间形成齿腔(3b)，其特征是：所述的封严衬套(2)在齿尖间隙(3a)的前部设置有射流孔(21)，所述的射流孔(21)的方向朝向相应的封严篦齿(3)的齿尖，射流孔(21)喷射的气流能对流入齿尖间隙(3a)的热燃气形成压制；所述的封严衬套(2)在齿尖间隙(3a)的后部设置有第一截流件(22)，所述的第一截流件(22)使贴封严衬套(2)内壁流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混，所述的封严篦齿(3)在齿尖间隙(3a)的后部设置有第二截流件(31)，所述的第二截流件(31)使贴封严篦齿(3)流动的热燃气遇到阻碍，一部分产生反向流动，与后续热燃气产生剧烈掺混。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：所述的第一截流件(22)和第二截流件(31)的前侧面，即迎风面，安装有安装弹性膜片。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：每个齿尖间隙(3a)的前部均设置有射流孔(21)，后部均设置有第一截流件(22)和第二截流件(31)，且射流孔(21)的孔径以及第一截流件(22)和第二截流件(31)的高度，从前至后逐渐减小，最前的一个射流孔(21)的孔径为相应的封严篦齿(3)的齿尖宽度的三分之一。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：所述的第一截流件(22)和第二截流件(31)为矩形截留件。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：所述的齿腔(3b)底部开设有混流孔(32)，所述的混流孔(32)能向齿腔(3b)中注入气流，消耗齿腔(3b)中热燃气动能。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：所述的混流孔(32)注入的气流为低温氩气。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：每个齿腔(3b)底部均开设有混流孔(32)，不同齿腔(3b)的混流孔(32)的孔径从前至后逐渐减小。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：所述的射流孔(21)喷射的气流为低温氩气。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种降低燃气入侵量的篦齿封严装置，其特征是：所述的封严篦齿(3)具有三个，相应的，齿尖间隙(3a)的数量为三个，齿腔(3b)的数量为两个。
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