WO2021119857A1 - Device for the repair of cracks in asphalt road surfaces by means of microwaves which increase the temperature of the asphalt form the surface downwards, bringing about the self-repair of the material with minimal intervention - Google Patents

Device for the repair of cracks in asphalt road surfaces by means of microwaves which increase the temperature of the asphalt form the surface downwards, bringing about the self-repair of the material with minimal intervention Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021119857A1
WO2021119857A1 PCT/CL2019/050146 CL2019050146W WO2021119857A1 WO 2021119857 A1 WO2021119857 A1 WO 2021119857A1 CL 2019050146 W CL2019050146 W CL 2019050146W WO 2021119857 A1 WO2021119857 A1 WO 2021119857A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
asphalt
temperature
microwaves
control unit
microwave generators
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2019/050146
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alvaro Andres GONZALEZ VACCAREZZA
Francisco RIOSECO PALMA
Original Assignee
Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile
Linktech Spa
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Linktech Spa filed Critical Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile
Priority to PCT/CL2019/050146 priority Critical patent/WO2021119857A1/en
Publication of WO2021119857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021119857A1/en
Priority to CL2022001683A priority patent/CL2022001683A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
    • E01C19/08—Apparatus for transporting and heating or melting asphalt, bitumen, tar, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/03—Arrangements for curing paving; Devices for applying curing means; Devices for laying prefabricated underlay, e.g. sheets, membranes; Protecting paving under construction or while curing, e.g. use of tents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/14—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces for heating or drying foundation, paving, or materials thereon, e.g. paint
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/02—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal without binders
    • E01C7/06—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal without binders by melting, burning, or vitrifying road-metal in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention is developed in the field of asphalt repair, specifically it refers to a device for the repair of cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves that increases the temperature of the asphalt from the surface, which produces the auto repair of the material with minimal intervention.
  • Asphalt is the most used material in the construction of pavements. It has a low cost relative to other materials and delivers a high standard surface to users. Pavements deteriorate over time due to environmental effects and traffic loads and their timely maintenance is necessary. In the case of asphalt pavements, the most important deterioration is the cracking that begins to manifest gradually. Lack of proper maintenance on a cracked asphalt pavement transforms into the appearance of potholes in a short time.
  • maintenance and / or reconstruction strategies or techniques are used with the aim of preserve or recover the deterioration suffered by a pavement.
  • Said strategies include techniques that make it possible to improve specific and superficial defects, so that the functional and structural properties of the pavement are maintained within acceptable ranges so that they can be used by users at an acceptable level of service.
  • asphalt pavements are maintained by applying surface treatments that aim to delay aging and protect the rolling surface. To carry out these treatments, it is necessary to introduce specialized machinery in the field and the use of materials on the pavement surface. If the deterioration is more advanced, an alternative is to build a layer of asphalt concrete over the deteriorated pavement, commonly referred to as 'resurfacing'. Another alternative is the demolition and replacement of the asphalt layers. In both cases, the intervention of the pavement means the introduction of specialized machinery on the ground, with the consumption of virgin materials and impact on vehicular traffic.
  • an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, comprising a device to deposit and make water penetrate into the repair zone in order to improve the penetration of microwaves in this area, where the device has a microwave generator with a wave guide pointing to the surface of the asphalt that allows the microwaves to be applied to heat the asphalt.
  • This solution seeks to solve the problem of dehydration of asphalt when applying microwaves for the repair of asphalt pavement by providing a method and an apparatus that allows to increase the humidity of the pavement before the application of the microwaves on the surface.
  • the disclosed solution aims to apply heat to the pavement surface, soften the asphalt and reduce wear on degradation tools used to work the surface.
  • a problem with this solution is that the arrangement of the microwave generator does not ensure a uniform temperature increase across the pavement, being able to generate temperature gradients due to localized areas with a higher temperature increase than others.
  • CN2670427 discloses an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks through the application of microwaves, has an array of magnetrons isolated from each other, being connected to a unit that comprises a guide transition of wave pointing directly at the asphalt surface. In addition, it includes a temperature sensor that controls the operation of the magnetrons when the asphalt reaches a certain temperature. This solution seeks to solve the problem of regulating the temperature rise in order to prevent the asphalt from burning or suffering further deterioration during the process. heating.
  • a problem with this solution is that the configuration of the waveguides used points directly to the surface, so it does not ensure a uniform temperature increase since the wave pattern that reaches the surface of the asphalt is not homogeneous, thus that produces a differentiated heating with areas with temperature peaks.
  • CN201024374 discloses an asphalt heating device with microwave for road maintenance that has microwave generators independent of each other, with a temperature control system that turns off the generators microwave when the asphalt reaches a certain temperature, where the generators are connected to a tray that guides the microwaves to the asphalt surface.
  • a problem with this solution is that the tray that guides the microwaves to the surface does not ensure that the wave pattern generated is uniform, so that a differentiated heating is generated on the asphalt surface, which makes it difficult to maintain the pavement when Generate a temperature gradient in the material, where said gradient can damage the asphalt, potentially burning or weakening it due to inadequate temperature control.
  • None of the above techniques and documents disclose an apparatus for repairing asphalt pavements through microwaves that comprises a resonance box whose geometry maximizes the chaos of the waves and guarantees the uniformity of the wave pattern that reaches the pavement surface, which together with a water spray system allows better penetration of microwaves and a profile of temperature at depth is as uniform as possible, and therefore, a homogeneous viscosity loss of the asphalt that seals and repairs cracks in the material with minimal surface intervention.
  • This device allows to increase the useful life of asphalt pavements by closing its cracks and recovering its structural capacity, it reduces the costs of repairing the pavement compared to traditional maintenance techniques since it does not require additional materials for the repair, and does not use specialized machinery for construction interventions for maintenance (application of surface treatments, demolition, construction of structural layers of pavement, among others).
  • the present invention refers to an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, the main objective of the invention being an increase in temperature so as to produce self-repair of the asphalt with minimal surface intervention.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, which generates a uniform pattern of microwaves directed towards the surface of the pavement.
  • Still another objective of the invention is to provide an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, which generates an asphalt depth temperature profile that is as uniform as possible.
  • the present invention consists of a mobile device that has a microwave generator, preferably being an array of magnetrons, which emits microwaves which are directed towards the surface of the asphalt by means of wave guides. Each of these magnetrons are isolated from the others so that the waves do not interfere with each other.
  • a microwave generator preferably being an array of magnetrons, which emits microwaves which are directed towards the surface of the asphalt by means of wave guides.
  • Each of these magnetrons are isolated from the others so that the waves do not interfere with each other.
  • the waves arrive at an independent resonance box, which includes a wave diffuser and geometric characteristics that maximize the chaos of the waves, guaranteeing the uniformity with which they reach the pavement and increase its temperature.
  • the resonance box at its end close to the surface of the pavement there is a metallic mesh that increases the safety and efficiency of the heating process since it reduces microwave leaks.
  • the device comprises a motor and sensors that allow the speed of advance of the device to be regulated automatically and guarantee that the temperature increase is as required. These sensors work in conjunction with each of the magnetrons in such a way that they turn off when the required temperature of the asphalt in any of these has already been reached, which increases efficiency and prevents the pavement from being damaged by an excessive increase in temperature.
  • the apparatus also includes a water spray system that allows the penetration of microwaves into the asphalt to be more uniform.
  • the apparatus also comprises a refrigeration system that allows the operating temperature of the system to be controlled.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of the apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves.
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of the general operation of the apparatus.
  • Figure 3 shows an isometric view of a resonance box according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram of the resulting wave pattern without using a wave diffuser in the resonance box.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic of the resulting wave pattern when using a wave diffuser in the soundboard.
  • the present invention refers to an apparatus (1) that seals and repairs cracks or fissures (5) in asphalt pavements (3) through the use of microwaves (2), the main objective of the invention being an increase in temperature so self-repair of the asphalt (3) occurs.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of the general operation of the apparatus (1). Asphalt pavements (3) are commonly built on a granular layer (4) of the soil. Over time the asphalt (3) deteriorates with traffic and weather. Its most important deterioration is cracking (5).
  • the device (1) is located on the asphalt (3) with cracks or fissures (5), which is later activated to emit microwaves (2), moving on the pavement surface, causing the asphalt temperature to increase (3 ) from the surface by microwave heating (2) causing the asphalt to soften or temporarily decrease its viscosity and produce a closure or sealing (6) of the cracks or fissures (5).
  • the apparatus (1) comprises a support structure (7) on which the components of the apparatus (1) and a translation mechanism (8) such as wheels or track wheels are installed.
  • the middle or rear part of the support structure (7) comprises a plurality of microwave generators (9), which emit microwaves, which are directed towards the surface of the asphalt (3) by means of wave guides (10).
  • each microwave generator (9) comprises a wave guide (10), and a resonance box (11), which in turn has a wave diffuser (111) installed inside, which together with the geometric characteristics of the resonance box (11) maximize the chaos of the waves making the wave pattern that reaches the asphalt (3) be uniform, increase the temperature of the asphalt (3) and produce a homogeneous softening of the asphalt (3).
  • a wear part (12) is assembled that is dragged on the pavement surface, avoiding the loss of energy and confines the microwaves within it, significantly increasing the safety and efficiency of the heating process by reducing the leakage of microwaves to the environment, enhancing the reflection of microwaves (12) in the resonance boxes (11).
  • the wear part (12) is a metal mesh.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a resonance box (11) with a rectangular geometry that ensures the dispersion of the waves along the entire heating surface of the pavement.
  • a wave diffuser (111) installed inside the resonance box (11) which consists of an “L” -shaped profile that is positioned at 45 ° against the flow of the microwaves (2), where the external edge of the profile points directly upwards, where said arrangement allows the emitted microwaves (2) to bounce repeatedly in the resonance box (11) before impacting the pavement avoiding patterns or concentrated heat sources and heating the asphalt (3) evenly, avoiding concentrations of temperature that can damage the asphalt (3) and affect the self-repair process.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows the path of the microwaves (2) without a wave diffuser (111)
  • Figure 5 schematically shows the path of the microwaves (2) with a wave diffuser (111) , where said diffuser favors the reflection of said waves, which maximizes chaos and in this way the uniformity with which they reach the asphalt (3) is guaranteed, increasing the uniformity of the temperature increase.
  • the apparatus (1) also comprises a motor (13) installed in the front part of the support structure (7) and that drives the translation mechanism (8); and sensors (14a, 14b) that measure the temperature of the asphalt (3).
  • Said motor (13) and sensors (14a, 14b) are connected to a speed control unit (14), located on the front part of the support structure (7), which allows to automatically regulate the advance speed of the device and ensure that the temperature rise in the asphalt is adequate.
  • the speed control unit (14) consists of a closed circuit, which determines the advance speed of the device (1) in order to make the process as fast as possible while guaranteeing an optimal temperature in the pavement surface so that self-repair is achieved.
  • the apparatus (1) comprises at least one front sensor (14a) located in front of the resonance box (11) and at least one rear sensor (14b) located behind the plurality of microwave generators (9) .
  • said sensors (14a, 14b) are infrared, which allow the measurement of temperature on a surface without contact. This characteristic of infrared temperature sensors allows high precision temperature measurements for wide temperature ranges.
  • Said sensors (14a, 14b) work interconnected with each other in order to carry out optimal programming, through the speed control unit (14) and the general control unit (15), of the speed of the machine and define when it is necessary to turn the microwave generators on or off (9).
  • the general control unit (14) receives the information from the sensors (14a, 14b), weighing the temperature values obtained from all the sensors and will determine the optimum speed of the apparatus (2) so that it operates at the highest possible speed, but ensuring that the asphalt temperature is adequate.
  • Laboratory asphalt repair occurs between 30 ° C and 70 ° C.
  • the general control unit (15) will proceed to turn off at least one microwave generator (9). If a sensor measures a temperature lower than the minimum asphalt repair temperature (3), it will proceed to turn on at least one microwave generator (9) that is off.
  • the apparatus (1) also comprises a water sprinkler system (16) installed on the support structure (7) between the motor (13) and the resonance boxes (11) and connected to the general control unit (15 ).
  • the Microwave application has good penetration, it can generate a temperature gradient in the asphalt (3) that decreases as a function of depth.
  • the water spray system (16) injects water into the surface of the asphalt (3) penetrating it, which increases the humidity of the pavement, where the water, when excited by the microwaves (2), causes the increase in temperature in the asphalt (3) is controlled and more uniform throughout the depth of the asphalt (3), decreasing the temperature difference between the surface and the deepest section of the asphalt (3).
  • the apparatus (1) also comprises a refrigeration system (17), installed on the microwave generators (9) that allows controlling the operating temperature of the apparatus (1).
  • the cooling liquid in the cooling system (17) is water.
  • Said cooling system (17) consists of a radiator and a pressure pump that circulates the refrigerant through the microwave generators (9). In addition, it has a safety system, which cuts the power of the magnetrons if they exceed their operating temperature.
  • the general control unit (15) is in charge of maintaining the operation of the apparatus (1), controlling the switching on and off of the magnetrons, capturing measurement data from sensors (14a, 14b) and managing the water spray system (16 ) and the cooling system (17).
  • the plurality of microwave generators (9) are an array of magnetrons comprising from 9 magnetrons arranged in a 3x3 magnetron array, up to 375 magnetrons arranged in a 25x15 magnetron array. Magnetrons of different powers are used, preferably chosen within the range between 1000 W to 3000 W to make the operation more efficient. apparatus (1).
  • magnetrons of different frequencies can be used, preferably between 2.45 GHz to 0.915 GHz.
  • the magnetron array can comprise the same power, the same frequency or a combination of magnetrons with different power or frequencies.
  • the apparatus (1) comprises a housing (18) that houses all the microwave generators (9) of the apparatus.

Abstract

A machine which seals and repairs cracks or fissures in asphalt road surfaces by means of microwaves, enabling a uniform increase in temperature of the asphalt, in such a way that a self-repair of the asphalt is produced with minimal intervention, comprising a supporting structure whereon the elements of the machine and a drive mechanism are installed, comprising: a plurality of microwave generators; a number of waveguides that direct the microwaves toward the surface; a plurality of resonance chambers installed below the microwave generators, comprising a wave diffuser in their interior, enhancing the reflection of the waves; a consumable part between the resonance chambers and the surface which confines the microwaves within said part; a motor that propels the drive mechanism; at least one frontal sensor and at least one rearward sensor which measure the temperature of the asphalt; a water spraying system that injects water into the surface and increases the humidity; a cooling system that controls the operating temperature; a speed control unit which is connected to the motor and to the sensors; a general control unit connected to the sensors, to the microwave generators, to the water spraying system and to the cooling system, and which manages the operation of the machine; where the speed control unit and the general control unit receive information from the sensors to regulate the speed and to determine the activation and deactivation of the microwave generators.

Description

Dispositivo para la reparación de grietas en los pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas que aumenta la temperatura del asfalto desde la superficie, lo que produce la auto reparación del material con una mínima intervención Device for the repair of cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves that increases the temperature of the asphalt from the surface, which produces the self-repair of the material with minimal intervention
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
El presente invento se desarrolla en el campo de la reparación de asfalto, específicamente se refiere a un dispositivo para la reparación de grietas en los pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas que aumenta la temperatura del asfalto desde la superficie, lo que produce la auto reparación del material con una mínima intervención. The present invention is developed in the field of asphalt repair, specifically it refers to a device for the repair of cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves that increases the temperature of the asphalt from the surface, which produces the auto repair of the material with minimal intervention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ARTE PREVIO DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
El asfalto es el material más utilizado en la construcción de pavimentos. Tiene un bajo costo relativo a otros materiales y entrega una superficie de alto estándar a los usuarios. Los pavimentos se deterioran en el tiempo por efectos ambientales y por las cargas de tráfico y es necesario su mantenimiento oportuno. Para el caso de los pavimentos de asfalto, el deterioro más importante es el agrietamiento que comienza a manifestarse gradualmente. La falta de mantenimiento adecuado sobre un pavimento de asfalto con agrietamiento, se transforma en la aparición de baches en poco tiempo. Asphalt is the most used material in the construction of pavements. It has a low cost relative to other materials and delivers a high standard surface to users. Pavements deteriorate over time due to environmental effects and traffic loads and their timely maintenance is necessary. In the case of asphalt pavements, the most important deterioration is the cracking that begins to manifest gradually. Lack of proper maintenance on a cracked asphalt pavement transforms into the appearance of potholes in a short time.
Con el fin de disminuir y/o retardar la tasa de deterioro del pavimento se utilizan estrategias o técnicas de mantenimiento y/o reconstrucción con el objetivo de conservar o recuperar el deterioro sufrido por un pavimento. Dichas estrategias comprenden técnicas que permiten mejorar defectos puntuales y superficiales, de manera que se mantengan las propiedades funcionales y estructurales del pavimento dentro de rangos aceptables para que puedan ser utilizados por los usuarios a un nivel de servicio aceptable. In order to reduce and / or delay the rate of deterioration of the pavement, maintenance and / or reconstruction strategies or techniques are used with the aim of preserve or recover the deterioration suffered by a pavement. Said strategies include techniques that make it possible to improve specific and superficial defects, so that the functional and structural properties of the pavement are maintained within acceptable ranges so that they can be used by users at an acceptable level of service.
En las fases tempranas de deterioro, los pavimentos asfálticos se mantienen mediante la aplicación de tratamientos superficiales que tienen como objetivo retardar el envejecimiento y proteger la superficie de rodado. Para ejecutar dichos tratamientos es necesario introducir maquinaria especializada en terreno y la utilización de materiales sobre la superficie del pavimento. Si el deterioro es más avanzado, una alternativa es construir una capa de concreto asfáltico sobre el pavimento deteriorado, comúnmente denominada como ‘recapado’. Otra alternativa es la demolición y reemplazo de las capas de asfalto. En ambos casos, la intervención del pavimento significa la introducción de maquinaria especializada en terreno, con consumo de materiales vírgenes e impacto en el tránsito vehicular. In the early stages of deterioration, asphalt pavements are maintained by applying surface treatments that aim to delay aging and protect the rolling surface. To carry out these treatments, it is necessary to introduce specialized machinery in the field and the use of materials on the pavement surface. If the deterioration is more advanced, an alternative is to build a layer of asphalt concrete over the deteriorated pavement, commonly referred to as 'resurfacing'. Another alternative is the demolition and replacement of the asphalt layers. In both cases, the intervention of the pavement means the introduction of specialized machinery on the ground, with the consumption of virgin materials and impact on vehicular traffic.
Otras alternativas comúnmente utilizadas para la mantención de pavimentos asfálticos se describen en el Manual de Obras de Vialidad, Pavimentación y Aguas Lluvias, versión 2019, del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile, entre las que se incluyen: riego neblina en pavimentos asfálticos, scrub seal en pavimentos asfálticos, lechada asfáltica y micro pavimentos, sello de agregado en pavimentos asfálticos, sellado de grietas en pavimentos asfálticos. Estos métodos pueden incluir el romper y/o remover parte del pavimento deteriorado e implican mezclar asfalto fresco, asfalto emulsificador o materiales de rejuvenecimiento con agua u otro fluido, depositar la mezcla sobre la superficie de pavimento con pérdida de asfalto o para sellar grietas, fisuras, poros, etc., para restaurar una superficie pavimentada lisa. Other alternatives commonly used for the maintenance of asphalt pavements are described in the Manual of Road Works, Paving and Rainwater, version 2019, of the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism of Chile, among which are included: mist irrigation in asphalt pavements, scrub seal in asphalt pavements, asphalt grout and micro-pavements, aggregate seal in asphalt pavements, crack sealing in asphalt pavements. These methods may include breaking and / or removing some of the deteriorated pavement and involve mixing fresh asphalt, emulsifying asphalt, or rejuvenating materials with water or another fluid, deposit the mixture on the pavement surface with loss of asphalt or to seal cracks, fissures, pores, etc., to restore a smooth paved surface.
Para mejorar la eficiencia y efectividad de reparación de las técnicas señaladas, en algunos casos es posible utilizar el método de aumentar la temperatura de la superficie pavimentada antes de aplicar dichas técnicas. El aumento de temperatura transfiere calor al asfalto, ablandándolo, y reduciendo el desgaste de la maquinaria utilizada, así como reducir la potencia requerida para operar dicha maquinaria. Comúnmente, dicho aumento de temperatura se produce utilizando calentadores de llama directa, radiante u otro tipo de dispositivo o maquinaria adecuada que se transfieren calor mediante conducción penetrando la superficie del pavimento. Una desventaja de aumentar la temperatura de la superficie del pavimento es que se requiere la aplicación de calor en un largo periodo de tiempo para que el pavimento se caliente hasta una profundidad suficiente. La temperatura a la cual se puede calentar la superficie se encuentra limitada puesto que una alta temperatura produce un efecto de envejecimiento en el asfalto que reduce su vida útil y genera en el largo plazo una mayor aparición de grietas. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the repair of the above techniques, in some cases it is possible to use the method of increasing the temperature of the paved surface before applying these techniques. The increase in temperature transfers heat to the asphalt, softening it, and reducing the wear and tear of the machinery used, as well as reducing the power required to operate said machinery. Commonly, such an increase in temperature is produced using direct flame, radiant or other type of device or suitable machinery that transfer heat by conduction penetrating the pavement surface. A disadvantage of increasing the temperature of the pavement surface is that it requires the application of heat over a long period of time for the pavement to heat up to a sufficient depth. The temperature to which the surface can be heated is limited since a high temperature produces an aging effect on the asphalt that reduces its useful life and generates a greater appearance of cracks in the long term.
Soluciones alternativas en el estado de la técnica han descrito técnicas o dispositivos de calentamiento no tradicionales basados en la aplicación de microondas para calentar el asfalto. Las microondas penetran el pavimento asfáltico excitando componentes excitables o agua presente a distintas profundidades del pavimento permitiendo un calentamiento más rápido y un ablandamiento del material. Un problema de esta solución es que la aplicación de microondas también puede producir una alta temperatura de la superficie, pudiendo oxidar el material causándole daño, por lo que es necesario controlar la energía aplicada. En el documento US 2006/0198699, se divulga un aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos de asfalto a través del uso de microondas, comprenden un dispositivo para depositar y hacer penetrar agua en la zona de reparación con el objetivo de mejorar la penetración de las microondas en dicha zona, donde el aparato posee un generador de microondas con una guía de onda apuntando a la superficie del asfalto que permite aplicar las microondas para calentar el asfalto. Esta solución busca resolver el problema de la deshidratación del asfalto al aplicar microondas para la reparación del pavimento asfáltico proporcionando un método y un aparato que permite aumentar la humedad del pavimento antes de la aplicación de las microondas sobre la superficie. Sin embargo, la solución divulgada tiene como objetivo aplicar calor en la superficie del pavimento, ablandar el asfalto y reducir el desgaste de herramientas de degradación utilizadas para trabajar la superficie. Un problema de esta solución, es que la disposición del generador de microondas no asegura un aumento de temperatura uniforme a través del pavimento, pudiendo generar gradientes de temperatura debido a zonas localizadas con un aumento mayor de temperatura que otras. Alternative solutions in the state of the art have described non-traditional heating techniques or devices based on the application of microwaves to heat the asphalt. The microwaves penetrate the asphalt pavement by exciting excitable components or water present at different depths of the pavement allowing faster heating and softening of the material. A problem with this solution is that the application of microwaves can also produce a high temperature of the surface, which can oxidize the material causing damage, so it is necessary to control the energy applied. In document US 2006/0198699, an apparatus is disclosed that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, comprising a device to deposit and make water penetrate into the repair zone in order to improve the penetration of microwaves in this area, where the device has a microwave generator with a wave guide pointing to the surface of the asphalt that allows the microwaves to be applied to heat the asphalt. This solution seeks to solve the problem of dehydration of asphalt when applying microwaves for the repair of asphalt pavement by providing a method and an apparatus that allows to increase the humidity of the pavement before the application of the microwaves on the surface. However, the disclosed solution aims to apply heat to the pavement surface, soften the asphalt and reduce wear on degradation tools used to work the surface. A problem with this solution is that the arrangement of the microwave generator does not ensure a uniform temperature increase across the pavement, being able to generate temperature gradients due to localized areas with a higher temperature increase than others.
Otro documento que se debe considerar es el CN2670427, el cual divulga un aparato que sella y repara grietas a través de la aplicación de microondas, posee un arreglo de magnetrones aislados uno del otro, estando conectados a una unidad que comprende una transición de guía de onda apuntando directamente a la superficie del asfalto. Además, comprende un sensor de temperatura que controla el funcionamiento de los magnetrones cuando el asfalto llega a una determinada temperatura. Esta solución busca resolver el problema de la regulación del aumento de temperatura con el fin de evitar que el asfalto se queme o sufra un deterioro adicional durante el proceso de calentamiento. Un problema de esta solución, es que la configuración utilizada de las guías de ondas apunta directamente a la superficie, por lo que no asegura un aumento de temperatura uniforme puesto que el patrón de onda que llega a la superficie del asfalto no es homogéneo, lo que produce un calentamiento diferenciado con zonas con peaks de temperatura. Another document that should be considered is CN2670427, which discloses an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks through the application of microwaves, has an array of magnetrons isolated from each other, being connected to a unit that comprises a guide transition of wave pointing directly at the asphalt surface. In addition, it includes a temperature sensor that controls the operation of the magnetrons when the asphalt reaches a certain temperature. This solution seeks to solve the problem of regulating the temperature rise in order to prevent the asphalt from burning or suffering further deterioration during the process. heating. A problem with this solution is that the configuration of the waveguides used points directly to the surface, so it does not ensure a uniform temperature increase since the wave pattern that reaches the surface of the asphalt is not homogeneous, thus that produces a differentiated heating with areas with temperature peaks.
Otro documento que forma parte del estado de la técnica es el CN201024374, el cual divulga un aparato calentador de asfalto con microondas para la mantención de carreteras que posee generadores de microondas independientes uno del otro, con un sistema de control de temperatura que apaga los generadores de microondas cuando el asfalto alcanza una determinada temperatura, donde los generadores están conectados a una bandeja que guía las microondas hacia la superficie de asfalto. Esta solución busca resolver el problema de la técnica de proveer un aparato de calentamiento de asfalto mediante microondas de estructura simple, fácil operación, y bajo costo de manufactura. Un problema de esta solución es que la bandeja que guía las microondas hacia la superficie no asegura que el patrón de ondas generado sea uniforme, por lo que se genera un calentamiento diferenciado en la superficie del asfalto lo que dificulta el proceso de mantenimiento del pavimento al generar un gradiente de temperatura en el material, donde dicho gradiente puede dañar el asfalto pudiendo llegar a quemarlo o debilitarlo por un control inadecuado de la temperatura. Ninguna de las técnicas y documentos anteriores divulgan un aparato para reparar pavimentos de asfalto a través de microondas que comprende una caja de resonancia cuya geometría maximiza el caos de las ondas y garantice la uniformidad del patrón de ondas que llega a la superficie del pavimento, que junto a un sistema de rocío de agua permite una mejor penetración de las microondas y un perfil de temperatura en profundidad sea más uniforme posible, y por lo tanto, una pérdida de viscosidad homogénea del asfalto que sella y repara grietas en el material con mínima intervención superficial. Dicho aparato permite incrementar la vida útil de los pavimentos de asfalto al cerrar su grietas y recuperar su capacidad estructural, reduce los costos los costos de reparación del pavimento respecto a técnicas de mantenimiento tradicional puesto que no requiere materiales adicionales para la reparación, y no utiliza maquinaria especializada por intervenciones constructivas por mantenimiento (aplicación de tratamientos superficiales, demolición, construcción de capas estructurales de pavimento, entre otros). Another document that is part of the state of the art is CN201024374, which discloses an asphalt heating device with microwave for road maintenance that has microwave generators independent of each other, with a temperature control system that turns off the generators microwave when the asphalt reaches a certain temperature, where the generators are connected to a tray that guides the microwaves to the asphalt surface. This solution seeks to solve the problem of the technique of providing a microwave asphalt heating apparatus with simple structure, easy operation, and low manufacturing cost. A problem with this solution is that the tray that guides the microwaves to the surface does not ensure that the wave pattern generated is uniform, so that a differentiated heating is generated on the asphalt surface, which makes it difficult to maintain the pavement when Generate a temperature gradient in the material, where said gradient can damage the asphalt, potentially burning or weakening it due to inadequate temperature control. None of the above techniques and documents disclose an apparatus for repairing asphalt pavements through microwaves that comprises a resonance box whose geometry maximizes the chaos of the waves and guarantees the uniformity of the wave pattern that reaches the pavement surface, which together with a water spray system allows better penetration of microwaves and a profile of temperature at depth is as uniform as possible, and therefore, a homogeneous viscosity loss of the asphalt that seals and repairs cracks in the material with minimal surface intervention. This device allows to increase the useful life of asphalt pavements by closing its cracks and recovering its structural capacity, it reduces the costs of repairing the pavement compared to traditional maintenance techniques since it does not require additional materials for the repair, and does not use specialized machinery for construction interventions for maintenance (application of surface treatments, demolition, construction of structural layers of pavement, among others).
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas, siendo el principal objetivo de la invención un aumento de temperatura de manera que se produzca una auto reparación del asfalto con una mínima intervención superficial. The present invention refers to an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, the main objective of the invention being an increase in temperature so as to produce self-repair of the asphalt with minimal surface intervention.
Otro objetivo de la invención, es el de proveer un aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas, que genere un patrón uniforme de las microondas dirigidas hacia la superficie del pavimento. Another objective of the invention is to provide an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, which generates a uniform pattern of microwaves directed towards the surface of the pavement.
Aún otro objetivo de la invención, es el de proveer un aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas, que genera un perfil de temperatura en profundidad del asfalto que sea lo más uniforme posible. Still another objective of the invention is to provide an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, which generates an asphalt depth temperature profile that is as uniform as possible.
Aún otro objetivo de la invención, es el de proveer un aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas, que evita que el pavimento sufra daños por un aumento excesivo de la temperatura del asfalto. Aún otro objetivo de la invención, es el de proveer un aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas, que reduce los costos del proceso de mantenimiento del pavimento al no utilizar materiales adicionales para la reparación y no utiliza maquinaria especializada por intervenciones constructivas por mantenimiento. Still another objective of the invention is to provide an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, which prevents the pavement from being damaged by an excessive increase in the temperature of the asphalt. Still another objective of the invention is to provide an apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves, which reduces the costs of the pavement maintenance process by not using additional materials for the repair and does not use machinery. specialized in construction interventions for maintenance.
La presente invención consiste en un aparato móvil que posee un generador de microondas, siendo preferentemente un arreglo de magnetrones, que emite microondas las cuales son dirigidas hacia la superficie del asfalto mediante guías de ondas. Cada uno de dichos magnetrones se encuentran aislados de los otros con el fin de que las ondas no interfieran entre sí. Antes de llegar las ondas al pavimento, llegan a una caja de resonancia independiente, que comprende un difusor de ondas y características geométricas que maximizan el caos de las ondas garantizando la uniformidad con las que estas llegan al pavimento y aumentan su temperatura. En la caja de resonancia, en su extremo cercano a la superficie del pavimento se presenta una malla metálica que aumenta la seguridad y eficacia del proceso de calentamiento ya que disminuyen las fugas de microondas. The present invention consists of a mobile device that has a microwave generator, preferably being an array of magnetrons, which emits microwaves which are directed towards the surface of the asphalt by means of wave guides. Each of these magnetrons are isolated from the others so that the waves do not interfere with each other. Before the waves reach the pavement, they arrive at an independent resonance box, which includes a wave diffuser and geometric characteristics that maximize the chaos of the waves, guaranteeing the uniformity with which they reach the pavement and increase its temperature. In the resonance box, at its end close to the surface of the pavement there is a metallic mesh that increases the safety and efficiency of the heating process since it reduces microwave leaks.
Además, el aparato comprende un motor y sensores que permiten regular de forma automática la velocidad de avance del aparato y garantizan que el incremento de temperatura sea la requerida. Dichos sensores, funcionan en conjunto con cada uno de los magnetrones de forma que estos se apagan cuando la temperatura requerida del asfalto en alguno de estos ya se haya alcanzado, lo que aumenta la eficiencia y evita que el pavimento sufra daños por un aumento excesivo de temperatura. El aparato, comprende además, un sistema de rocío de agua que permite que la penetración de las microondas en el asfalto sea más uniforme. El aparato también comprende un sistema de refrigeración que permite controlar la temperatura de operación del sistema. In addition, the device comprises a motor and sensors that allow the speed of advance of the device to be regulated automatically and guarantee that the temperature increase is as required. These sensors work in conjunction with each of the magnetrons in such a way that they turn off when the required temperature of the asphalt in any of these has already been reached, which increases efficiency and prevents the pavement from being damaged by an excessive increase in temperature. The apparatus also includes a water spray system that allows the penetration of microwaves into the asphalt to be more uniform. The The apparatus also comprises a refrigeration system that allows the operating temperature of the system to be controlled.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Los dibujos que se acompañan se incluyen para proporcionar una mayor comprensión de la invención y constituyen parte de esta descripción y además ¡lustran una realización preferida de la invención, donde se ve que: The accompanying drawings are included to provide a greater understanding of the invention and constitute part of this description and further illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention, where it is seen that:
La figura 1 muestra un esquema del aparato que sella y repara grietas en pavimentos asfálticos a través del uso de microondas. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the apparatus that seals and repairs cracks in asphalt pavements through the use of microwaves.
La figura 2 muestra un esquema del funcionamiento general del aparato. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the general operation of the apparatus.
La figura 3 muestra una vista ¡sométrica de una caja resonancia de acuerdo a una realización preferente de la invención. Figure 3 shows an isometric view of a resonance box according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
La figura 4 muestra un esquema del patrón de ondas resultante sin utilizar difusor de ondas en la caja de resonancia. Figure 4 shows a diagram of the resulting wave pattern without using a wave diffuser in the resonance box.
La figura 5 muestra un esquema del patrón de ondas resultante al utilizar un difusor de ondas en la caja de resonancia. Figure 5 shows a schematic of the resulting wave pattern when using a wave diffuser in the soundboard.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un aparato (1 ) que sella y repara grietas o fisuras (5) en pavimentos asfálticos (3) a través del uso de microondas (2), siendo el principal objetivo de la invención un aumento de temperatura de manera que se produzca una auto reparación del asfalto (3). La figura 1 muestra un esquema del funcionamiento general del aparato (1). Comúnmente los pavimentos asfálticos (3), se construyen sobre una capa granular (4) del suelo. Con el paso del tiempo el asfalto (3) se deteriora con el tránsito y el clima. Su deterioro más importante es el agrietamiento (5). El aparato (1) es ubicado sobre el asfalto (3) con grietas o fisuras (5), el cual posteriormente se activa para que emita microondas (2), desplazándose sobre la superficie del pavimento, haciendo que aumente la temperatura del asfalto (3) desde la superficie por un calentamiento por microondas (2) haciendo que el asfalto se ablande o disminuya temporalmente su viscosidad y produzca un cierre o sellado (6) de las grietas o fisuras (5). Como se aprecia en la figura 2, el aparato (1) comprende una estructura de soporte (7) sobre la cual están instalados los componentes del aparato (1) y un mecanismo de traslación (8) tales como ruedas o ruedas de oruga. La parte media o parte posterior de la estructura de soporte (7) comprende una pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9), que emiten microondas, las cuales son dirigidas hacia la superficie del asfalto (3) mediante guías de ondas (10). La pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) se encuentran aislados unos de los otros con el fin de que las ondas no interfieran entre sí. Dicha pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) dirigen las microondas hacia una pluralidad cajas de resonancia (11) independientes, instaladas bajo la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9). Así cada generador de microondas (9) comprende una guía de ondas (10), y una caja de resonancia (11), que a la vez, posee un difusor de ondas (111) instalado en el interior, que junto a las características geométricas de la caja de resonancia (11) maximizan el caos de las ondas haciendo que el patrón de ondas que llega al asfalto (3) sea uniforme, aumente la temperatura del asfalto (3) y produzca un ablandamiento homogéneo del asfalto (3). The present invention refers to an apparatus (1) that seals and repairs cracks or fissures (5) in asphalt pavements (3) through the use of microwaves (2), the main objective of the invention being an increase in temperature so self-repair of the asphalt (3) occurs. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the general operation of the apparatus (1). Asphalt pavements (3) are commonly built on a granular layer (4) of the soil. Over time the asphalt (3) deteriorates with traffic and weather. Its most important deterioration is cracking (5). The device (1) is located on the asphalt (3) with cracks or fissures (5), which is later activated to emit microwaves (2), moving on the pavement surface, causing the asphalt temperature to increase (3 ) from the surface by microwave heating (2) causing the asphalt to soften or temporarily decrease its viscosity and produce a closure or sealing (6) of the cracks or fissures (5). As can be seen in figure 2, the apparatus (1) comprises a support structure (7) on which the components of the apparatus (1) and a translation mechanism (8) such as wheels or track wheels are installed. The middle or rear part of the support structure (7) comprises a plurality of microwave generators (9), which emit microwaves, which are directed towards the surface of the asphalt (3) by means of wave guides (10). The plurality of microwave generators (9) are isolated from each other so that the waves do not interfere with each other. Said plurality of microwave generators (9) direct the microwaves towards a plurality of independent resonance boxes (11), installed under the plurality of microwave generators (9). Thus, each microwave generator (9) comprises a wave guide (10), and a resonance box (11), which in turn has a wave diffuser (111) installed inside, which together with the geometric characteristics of the resonance box (11) maximize the chaos of the waves making the wave pattern that reaches the asphalt (3) be uniform, increase the temperature of the asphalt (3) and produce a homogeneous softening of the asphalt (3).
En el extremo inferior de las cajas de resonancias (11), entre éstas y la superficie del asfalto (3), y mediante un sistema de abrazaderas, se ensambla una pieza de desgaste (12) que se arrastra sobre la superficie del pavimento, evita la pérdida de energía y confina las microondas dentro de ésta, aumentado significativamente la seguridad y eficiencia del proceso de calentamiento al disminuir las fugas de microondas al ambiente, potenciando la reflexión de las microondas (12) en las cajas de resonancia (11). En una realización preferente, la pieza de desgaste (12) es una malla metálica. At the lower end of the resonance boxes (11), between them and the asphalt surface (3), and by means of a system of clamps, a wear part (12) is assembled that is dragged on the pavement surface, avoiding the loss of energy and confines the microwaves within it, significantly increasing the safety and efficiency of the heating process by reducing the leakage of microwaves to the environment, enhancing the reflection of microwaves (12) in the resonance boxes (11). In a preferred embodiment, the wear part (12) is a metal mesh.
Para evitar que las microondas (2) de la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) golpeen de forma directa el asfalto (3) generando patrones de temperatura localizados en el pavimento que produzcan zonas muy calientes y otras con menor temperatura se proporciona una caja de resonancia (11) con características geométricas particulares. En la figura 3 se aprecia una realización preferente de una caja de resonancia (11) de geometría rectangular que asegura la dispersión de las ondas a lo largo de toda la superficie de calentamiento del pavimento. Adicionalmente, para maximizar el caos de las ondas, se incluye un difusor de ondas (111) instalado en el interior de la caja de resonancia (11), que consta de un perfil en forma de “L” que está colocado en 45° contra el flujo de las microondas (2), donde la arista externa del perfil apunta directamente hacia arriba, donde dicha disposición permite que las microondas (2) emitidas reboten en reiteradas ocasiones en la caja de resonancia (11) antes de impactar el pavimento evitando patrones o focos concentrado de calor y calentando el asfalto (3) de manera uniforme, evitando concentraciones de temperatura que pueden dañar el asfalto (3) y afectar el proceso de auto reparación. La figura 4 muestra de manera esquemática la trayectoria de las microondas (2) sin un difusor de ondas (111), mientras que la figura 5, muestra de manera esquemática la trayectoria de las microondas (2) con un difusor de ondas (111), donde dicho difusor favorece la reflexión de dichas ondas, lo que maximiza el caos y de esta forma se garantiza la uniformidad con las que estas llegan al asfalto (3), aumentando la uniformidad del aumento de temperatura. To prevent the microwaves (2) of the plurality of microwave generators (9) from hitting the asphalt (3) directly, generating localized temperature patterns on the pavement that produce very hot areas and others with lower temperatures, a box of resonance (11) with particular geometric characteristics. Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a resonance box (11) with a rectangular geometry that ensures the dispersion of the waves along the entire heating surface of the pavement. Additionally, to maximize the chaos of the waves, a wave diffuser (111) installed inside the resonance box (11) is included, which consists of an “L” -shaped profile that is positioned at 45 ° against the flow of the microwaves (2), where the external edge of the profile points directly upwards, where said arrangement allows the emitted microwaves (2) to bounce repeatedly in the resonance box (11) before impacting the pavement avoiding patterns or concentrated heat sources and heating the asphalt (3) evenly, avoiding concentrations of temperature that can damage the asphalt (3) and affect the self-repair process. Figure 4 schematically shows the path of the microwaves (2) without a wave diffuser (111), while Figure 5 schematically shows the path of the microwaves (2) with a wave diffuser (111) , where said diffuser favors the reflection of said waves, which maximizes chaos and in this way the uniformity with which they reach the asphalt (3) is guaranteed, increasing the uniformity of the temperature increase.
El aparato (1), comprende además, un motor (13) instalado en la parte frontal de la estructura de soporte (7) y que impulsa el mecanismo de traslación (8); y sensores (14a, 14b) que miden la temperatura del asfalto (3). Dicho motor (13) y sensores (14a, 14b) están conectados a una unidad de control de velocidad (14), ubicada sobre la parte frontal de la estructura de soporte (7), que permite regular de forma automática la velocidad de avance del aparato y garantizan que el aumento de temperatura en el asfalto sea el adecuado. La unidad de control de velocidad (14) consiste en un circuito cerrado, el cual determina la velocidad de avance del aparato (1 ) con el fin de lograr que el proceso sea lo más rápido posible a la vez que garantiza una temperatura óptima en la superficie del pavimento para que se logre la auto reparación. Además, dichos sensores (14a, 14b), funcionan en conjunto con cada uno de los generadores de microondas (9), conectados también a una unidad de control general (15), ubicada sobre la unidad de control de velocidad (14), de forma que estos se apagan cuando la temperatura requerida en el asfalto (3) en alguno de estos ya se haya alcanzado, lo que permite aumentar la eficiencia y evita que el pavimento sufra daños por un aumento excesivo de temperatura. En una realización preferente, el aparato (1) comprende al menos un sensor frontal (14a) ubicado delante de la caja de resonancia (11) y al menos un sensor posterior (14b) ubicado detrás de la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9). Preferentemente, dichos sensores (14a, 14b) son infrarrojos, los cuales permiten la medición de temperatura en una superficie sin contacto. Esta característica de los sensores de temperatura infrarrojo permite realizar medidas de temperatura con alta precisión para rangos amplios de temperatura. Dichos sensores (14a, 14b) funcionan interconectados entre sí con el fin de realizar una programación óptima, a través de la unidad de control de velocidad (14) y de la unidad de control general (15), de la velocidad de la máquina y definir cuando es necesario encender o apagar los generadores de microondas (9). The apparatus (1) also comprises a motor (13) installed in the front part of the support structure (7) and that drives the translation mechanism (8); and sensors (14a, 14b) that measure the temperature of the asphalt (3). Said motor (13) and sensors (14a, 14b) are connected to a speed control unit (14), located on the front part of the support structure (7), which allows to automatically regulate the advance speed of the device and ensure that the temperature rise in the asphalt is adequate. The speed control unit (14) consists of a closed circuit, which determines the advance speed of the device (1) in order to make the process as fast as possible while guaranteeing an optimal temperature in the pavement surface so that self-repair is achieved. In addition, said sensors (14a, 14b) work in conjunction with each of the microwave generators (9), also connected to a general control unit (15), located on the speed control unit (14), of In such a way that they turn off when the required temperature in the asphalt (3) in any of these has already been reached, which increases efficiency and prevents the pavement from being damaged by an excessive increase in temperature. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus (1) comprises at least one front sensor (14a) located in front of the resonance box (11) and at least one rear sensor (14b) located behind the plurality of microwave generators (9) . Preferably, said sensors (14a, 14b) are infrared, which allow the measurement of temperature on a surface without contact. This characteristic of infrared temperature sensors allows high precision temperature measurements for wide temperature ranges. Said sensors (14a, 14b) work interconnected with each other in order to carry out optimal programming, through the speed control unit (14) and the general control unit (15), of the speed of the machine and define when it is necessary to turn the microwave generators on or off (9).
En una realización preferente, la unidad de control general (14) recibe la información desde los sensores (14a, 14b), ponderando los valores de temperatura obtenido de todos los sensores y determinará la velocidad óptima del aparato (2) de forma que opere a la mayor velocidad posible, pero asegurando que la temperatura del asfalto sea la adecuada. La reparación del asfalto en laboratorio, según la literatura, se produce entre los 30°C y 70°C. Preferentemente, si un sensor mide una temperatura sobre los 85°C, la unidad de control general (15) procederá a apagar al menos un generador de microondas (9). Si un sensor mide una temperatura menor a la mínima temperatura de reparación del asfalto (3) se procederá a encender al menos un generador de microondas (9) que se encuentre apagado. In a preferred embodiment, the general control unit (14) receives the information from the sensors (14a, 14b), weighing the temperature values obtained from all the sensors and will determine the optimum speed of the apparatus (2) so that it operates at the highest possible speed, but ensuring that the asphalt temperature is adequate. Laboratory asphalt repair, according to the literature, occurs between 30 ° C and 70 ° C. Preferably, if a sensor measures a temperature above 85 ° C, the general control unit (15) will proceed to turn off at least one microwave generator (9). If a sensor measures a temperature lower than the minimum asphalt repair temperature (3), it will proceed to turn on at least one microwave generator (9) that is off.
El aparato (1), comprende además, un sistema rociador de agua (16) instalado en la estructura de soporte (7) entre el motor (13) y las cajas de resonancia (11) y conectado a la unidad de control general (15). Como se describió anteriormente, la aplicación de microondas tiene una buena penetración, se puede generar un gradiente de temperatura en el asfalto (3) que disminuye en función de la profundidad. El sistema rociador de agua (16) inyecta agua en la superficie del asfalto (3) penetrando en este, lo que aumenta la humedad del pavimento, donde el agua al ser excitada por las microondas (2) hace que el aumento de temperatura en el asfalto (3) sea controlado y más uniforme en toda la profundidad del asfalto (3), disminuyendo la diferencia de temperatura entre la superficie y la sección más profunda del asfalto (3). The apparatus (1) also comprises a water sprinkler system (16) installed on the support structure (7) between the motor (13) and the resonance boxes (11) and connected to the general control unit (15 ). As described above, the Microwave application has good penetration, it can generate a temperature gradient in the asphalt (3) that decreases as a function of depth. The water spray system (16) injects water into the surface of the asphalt (3) penetrating it, which increases the humidity of the pavement, where the water, when excited by the microwaves (2), causes the increase in temperature in the asphalt (3) is controlled and more uniform throughout the depth of the asphalt (3), decreasing the temperature difference between the surface and the deepest section of the asphalt (3).
El aparato (1), comprende además, un sistema de refrigeración (17), instalado sobre los generadores de microondas (9) que permite controlar la temperatura de operación del aparato (1). En una realización preferente, el líquido refrigerante del sistema de refrigeración (17) es agua. Dicho sistema de refrigeración (17) consiste en un radiador y una bomba de presión que realiza la circulación del refrigerante a través de los generadores de microondas (9). Además, posee un sistema de seguridad, que corta la potencia de los magnetrones si estos sobrepasan su temperatura de funcionamiento. The apparatus (1) also comprises a refrigeration system (17), installed on the microwave generators (9) that allows controlling the operating temperature of the apparatus (1). In a preferred embodiment, the cooling liquid in the cooling system (17) is water. Said cooling system (17) consists of a radiator and a pressure pump that circulates the refrigerant through the microwave generators (9). In addition, it has a safety system, which cuts the power of the magnetrons if they exceed their operating temperature.
La unidad de control general (15) se encarga de mantener el funcionamiento del aparato (1), controlando el encendido y apagado de los magnetrones, captura de datos de medición de sensores (14a, 14b) y manejo del sistema rociador de agua (16) y del sistema de refrigeración (17). En una realización preferente, la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) son un arreglo de magnetrones que comprenden desde 9 magnetrones dispuestos en un arreglo de 3x3 magnetrones, hasta 375 magnetrones dispuestos en un arreglo de 25x15 magnetrones. Se utilizan magnetrones de distintas potencias, escogidos preferentemente dentro del rango entre 1000 W a 3000 W para hacer más eficiente el aparato (1). Además, se pueden utilizar magnetrones de distintas frecuencias, preferentemente entre 2,45 GHz a 0,915 GHz. El arreglo de magnetrones puede comprender una misma potencia, una misma frecuencia o una combinación de magnetrones con distinta potencia o frecuencias. En una realización preferente, el aparato (1) comprende una carcasa (18) que alberga todos los generadores de microondas (9) del aparato. The general control unit (15) is in charge of maintaining the operation of the apparatus (1), controlling the switching on and off of the magnetrons, capturing measurement data from sensors (14a, 14b) and managing the water spray system (16 ) and the cooling system (17). In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of microwave generators (9) are an array of magnetrons comprising from 9 magnetrons arranged in a 3x3 magnetron array, up to 375 magnetrons arranged in a 25x15 magnetron array. Magnetrons of different powers are used, preferably chosen within the range between 1000 W to 3000 W to make the operation more efficient. apparatus (1). Furthermore, magnetrons of different frequencies can be used, preferably between 2.45 GHz to 0.915 GHz. The magnetron array can comprise the same power, the same frequency or a combination of magnetrons with different power or frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus (1) comprises a housing (18) that houses all the microwave generators (9) of the apparatus.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un aparato (1) que sella y repara grietas o fisuras (5) en pavimentos asfálticos (3) a través del uso de microondas (2) que permite aumentar la temperatura del asfalto (3) desde la superficie de manera uniforme de forma que se produce una auto reparación del asfalto con una mínima intervención, que comprende una estructura de soporte (7) sobre la cual se instalan los elementos del aparato (1) y un mecanismo de traslación para el desplazamiento de dicho aparato (1), CARACTERIZADO porque comprende: una pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) en la parte media o posterior de la estructura de soporte (7); unas guías de ondas que dirigen las microondas (2) hacia la superficie del asfalto (3); una pluralidad de cajas de resonancia (11) instaladas bajo la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) que comprenden un difusor de ondas (111) instalado en el interior de dicha caja de resonancia, que consta de un perfil en forma de “L” que está colocado en 45° contra el flujo de las microondas (2), donde la arista externa del perfil apunta directamente hacia arriba, favoreciendo la reflexión de las ondas y maxim izando el caos de las ondas, dando uniformidad al patrón de ondas que llega a la superficie, aumentando la temperatura del asfalto (3) y que produce un ablandamiento homogéneo de este; una pieza de desgaste (12) entre la pluralidad de cajas de resonancia (11 ) y la superficie del asfalto (3) que se arrastra sobre la superficie y confina las microondas dentro de dicha pieza (12); un motor (13) en la parte frontal de la estructura de soporte (7) que impulsa el mecanismo de traslación (8); al menos un sensor frontal (14a) ubicado delante de las cajas de resonancias (11 ) y al menos un sensor posterior (14b) ubicado detrás de los generadores de microondas (9) que miden la temperatura del asfalto (3); un sistema rociador de agua (16), ubicado en la estructura de soporte (7) entre el motor y las cajas de resonancia (11 ) que inyecta agua en la superficie del asfalto (3) y aumenta la humedad de este; un sistema de refrigeración (17) ubicado sobre la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9) que controla la temperatura de operación del aparato (1 ); una unidad de control de velocidad (14) sobre la parte frontal de la estructura de soporte (7), que está conectada al motor (13) y a los sensores (14a, 14b); una unidad de control general (15) sobre la unidad de control de velocidad (14), que está conectada a los sensores (14a, 14b), a la pluralidad de generadores de microondas, al sistema rociador de agua (16) y al sistema de refrigeración (17), y se encarga de mantener el funcionamiento del aparato (1); donde la unidad de control de velocidad (14) y la unidad de control general (15) reciben la información de los sensores (14a, 14b) para regular de forma automática la velocidad del aparato (1) y definir el encendido y apagado de la pluralidad de generadores de microondas (9). 1. An apparatus (1) that seals and repairs cracks or fissures (5) in asphalt pavements (3) through the use of microwaves (2) that allows to increase the temperature of the asphalt (3) from the surface in a uniform way. that a self-repair of the asphalt occurs with minimal intervention, which comprises a support structure (7) on which the elements of the apparatus (1) are installed and a translation mechanism to move said apparatus (1), CHARACTERIZED because it comprises: a plurality of microwave generators (9) in the middle or rear part of the support structure (7); wave guides directing the microwaves (2) towards the surface of the asphalt (3); a plurality of resonance boxes (11) installed under the plurality of microwave generators (9) comprising a wave diffuser (111) installed inside said resonance box, consisting of an "L" shaped profile which is positioned at 45 ° against the flow of the microwaves (2), where the external edge of the profile points directly upwards, favoring the reflection of the waves and maximizing the chaos of the waves, giving uniformity to the wave pattern that arrives to the surface, increasing the temperature of the asphalt (3) and producing a homogeneous softening of it; a wear part (12) between the plurality of resonance boxes (11) and the asphalt surface (3) that creeps on the surface and confines the microwaves within said part (12); a motor (13) in the front part of the support structure (7) that drives the translation mechanism (8); at least one front sensor (14a) located in front of the resonance boxes (11) and at least one rear sensor (14b) located behind the microwave generators (9) that measure the temperature of the asphalt (3); a water sprinkler system (16), located in the support structure (7) between the engine and the resonance boxes (11) that injects water on the surface of the asphalt (3) and increases its humidity; a refrigeration system (17) located on the plurality of microwave generators (9) that controls the operating temperature of the apparatus (1); a speed control unit (14) on the front of the support structure (7), which is connected to the motor (13) and to the sensors (14a, 14b); a general control unit (15) on the speed control unit (14), which is connected to the sensors (14a, 14b), to the plurality of microwave generators, to the water spray system (16) and the cooling system (17), and is responsible for maintaining the operation of the apparatus (1); where the speed control unit (14) and the general control unit (15) receive the information from the sensors (14a, 14b) to automatically regulate the speed of the device (1) and define the on and off of the plurality of microwave generators (9).
2. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque los al menos un sensor frontal (14a) y al menos un sensor posterior (14b) son sensores infrarrojos que permiten medir la temperatura de la superficie sin contacto. 2. An apparatus (1) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the at least one front sensor (14a) and at least one rear sensor (14b) are infrared sensors that allow the temperature of the surface to be measured without contact.
3. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, CARACTERIZADO porque la unidad de control general (15) apaga al menos un generador de microondas (9) cuando un sensor (14a, 14b) mide una temperatura sobre los 85°C y enciende al menos un generador de ondas (9) apagado cuando un sensor (14a, 14b) mide una temperatura menor a los 30°C. 3. An apparatus (1) according to claims 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the general control unit (15) turns off at least one microwave generator (9) when a sensor (14a, 14b) measures a temperature above 85 ° C and turns at least one wave generator (9) off when a sensor (14a, 14b) measures a temperature lower than 30 ° C.
4. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, CARACTERIZADO porque la pluralidad de generadores de ondas (9) son un arreglo de magnetrones. 4. An apparatus (1) according to claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED in that the plurality of wave generators (9) are an array of magnetrons.
5. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4, CARACTERIZADO porque el arreglo de magnetrones comprende al menos 9 magnetrones dispuestos en un arreglo de 3x3 y hasta 375 magnetrones dispuestos en un arreglo de 25x15. An apparatus (1) according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the magnetron array comprises at least 9 magnetrons arranged in a 3x3 array and up to 375 magnetrons arranged in a 25x15 array.
6. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 4 o 5, CARACTERIZADO porque los magnetrones se escogen con una misma o distinta potencia en el rango entre 1000 W a 3000 W. 6. An apparatus (1) according to claims 4 or 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the magnetrons are chosen with the same or different power in the range between 1000 W to 3000 W.
7. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 4 o 5, CARACTERIZADO porque los magnetrones se escogen con una misma o distinta frecuencia en el rango entre 2,45 GHz a 0,915 GHz. 7. An apparatus (1) according to claims 4 or 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the magnetrons are chosen with the same or different frequency in the range between 2.45 GHz to 0.915 GHz.
8. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, CARACTERIZADO porque la pieza de desgaste (12) es una malla metálica. 8. An apparatus (1) according to claims 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the wear part (12) is a metal mesh.
9. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de refrigreación (17) comprende un radiador y una bomba de presión que realiza la circulación de un líquido refrigerante a través de los generadores de microondas (9). An apparatus (1) according to claims 1 to 8, CHARACTERIZED in that the cooling system (17) comprises a radiator and a pressure pump that circulates a cooling liquid through the microwave generators (9 ).
10. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 9, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de refrigeración (17) utiliza agua como líquido refrigerante. 10. An apparatus (1) according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED in that the cooling system (17) uses water as the cooling liquid.
11. Un aparato (1) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende además, una carcasa (18) que alberga los generadores de microondas (9) del aparato (1). 11. An apparatus (1) according to claims 1 to 10, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises a housing (18) that houses the microwave generators (9) of the apparatus (1).
PCT/CL2019/050146 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Device for the repair of cracks in asphalt road surfaces by means of microwaves which increase the temperature of the asphalt form the surface downwards, bringing about the self-repair of the material with minimal intervention WO2021119857A1 (en)

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PCT/CL2019/050146 WO2021119857A1 (en) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Device for the repair of cracks in asphalt road surfaces by means of microwaves which increase the temperature of the asphalt form the surface downwards, bringing about the self-repair of the material with minimal intervention
CL2022001683A CL2022001683A1 (en) 2019-12-19 2022-06-17 Device for repairing cracks in asphalt pavements

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PCT/CL2019/050146 WO2021119857A1 (en) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Device for the repair of cracks in asphalt road surfaces by means of microwaves which increase the temperature of the asphalt form the surface downwards, bringing about the self-repair of the material with minimal intervention

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CN106192712A (en) * 2016-07-22 2016-12-07 西安电子科技大学 Bituminous paving microwave heating means on the spot based on electromagnetism Meta Materials
WO2019193493A1 (en) * 2018-04-04 2019-10-10 FUTTEC a.s. Device, in particular for heating of asphalt and similar mixtures and repairs of asphalt surfaces

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CN2670427Y (en) * 2002-11-12 2005-01-12 广东美的集团股份有限公司 Microwave asphaltic road surface heater
US20060198699A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-07 Hall David R Apparatus and Method for Heating a Paved Surface with Microwaves
US20130223931A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2013-08-29 Microwave Utilities, Inc. Microwave asphalt surface treatment system
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