WO2021116466A1

WO2021116466A1 - Method and system for treating olfactorily loaded materials

Info

Publication number: WO2021116466A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/085860
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johannes Wissing; Werner Schemmann
Original assignee: Johannes Wissing
Priority date: 2019-12-12
Filing date: 2020-12-11
Publication date: 2021-06-17
Also published as: DE102019134195A1

Abstract

Materials or material mixtures, for example waste materials, byproducts from production processes, or other substrates, can have diverse impurities, in particular a buildup with an olfactory effect, which must be removed before such materials are reused. Known preparation methods however are markedly time-consuming, expensive, and harmful to the environment. The aim of the invention is to expand the recycling options for materials or material mixtures which have a buildup with an olfactory effect so that a disposal process can be obviated. This is achieved by a method and a system which include an oxidizing agent treatment and a concluding conditioning process. The generated final substrate can be used as a raw material in the production of panel-shaped materials, molded parts, insulating materials, packaging, paper/cardboard, or as an additive for other products.

Description

"Process and system for the treatment of olfactory polluted substances"

Description:

The invention relates to a method according to the features in the preamble of claim 1, according to which olfactory contaminated substances are treated for processing in a multi-stage process.

Substances, which subsequently also include mixtures of substances, for example waste materials, by-products from manufacturing processes or other substrates, can contain various impurities, in particular olfactory pollution that must be removed before such substances can be further used.

In the context of the present proposal, olfactory pollution is a perceptible odor that is considered modified and / or reduced, provided that this odor is predominantly no longer perceptible or is no longer perceptible for a substantial part of people in a group that is characterized by moderate odor sensitivity the odor intensity is no longer perceived as annoying. For example, olfactometry can be used as a detection method to evaluate this odor.

Such olfactory contaminated substances can represent slaughterhouse waste, for example. Before using feathers as a filling material for pillows and blankets, for example, energy-intensive, multi-stage washing processes are required in order to free the Fe dermaterial from unwanted odor build-up.

As a substitute for plastics, the use of cardboard or cardboard packaging for food packaging is increasing steadily. Food leftovers attached to these packaging materials can adhere, represent impurities that have an olfactory effect and must be removed by a complex washing process before the cardboard can be used again.

DE 44 15911 A1 discloses a method for treating a medium which contains organic components. It is proposed, for example, to expose sewage sludge in a multistage process to high temperatures and pressures and, in combination, to add substances to the sewage sludge in order to achieve a very strong volume reduction. Organic components are largely broken down and should be able to be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. The teaching of US 2005/0 000 908 A1 discloses a method for treating digested sludge. The task is, inter alia, to reduce the volume or weight of the digested sludge - by breaking down the constituents - and to feed the resulting liquid phase to a known wastewater treatment facility. It is suggested that the sewage sludge should be mixed with various substances and exposed to high temperatures, whereby the added substances, depending on the temperature, should react with one another and thereby cause the greatest possible degradation of the constituents.

In addition, digestate from biogas plants can be characterized by intense odor build-up. Due in particular to the increasing spread of biogas plants, the amount of such olfactory polluted substances has increased significantly. Inter alia, however, the odor pollution of the fermentation residues means that material recycling processes are only very little taken into account, so that fermentation residues are primarily applied to agricultural areas in competition with the liquid manure from livestock farms or the dung produced. As a result, an intense eutrophication phation of the areas as well as an increasing pollution of the waters can be proven.

For digestate treatment, for example, methods are known from practice that break down digestate into specific components. On the one hand, the aim is to increase the transportability of digestate. Drying processes remove the water from digestate, for example, so that both the volume and the mass are reduced and longer transport routes can be economical.

On the other hand, fermentation residues can be fractionated into various substance or nutrient groups using separation processes. For example, the DBU final report-AZ-31276-01 discloses processes that are based on a combined, multi-stage solid / liquid separation and membrane technology for the complete processing of digestate. Separation services are realized through an additional chemical treatment of the digestate. Persistent odor pollution cannot be ruled out, however.

From EP 2 874 957 B1 a method for treating a fermentation residue from a biogas process is known. With the aim of breaking down organic components as much as possible, it is planned to add various substances to digestate in several steps, which react with one another and thereby cause the organic substance to break down. A further material use of the digestate is not intended.

DE 102012024 111 A1 discloses a method for treating fermentation residues that are odorous. The olfactory adhesions are bound by adding substances shortly before the fermentation residue is applied, for example on land used for agricultural purposes, so that odor pollution can be prevented. However, the setting up of the masking fabrics is costly. Further the masked contaminants remain in the substrate, so that a restriction for subsequent uses may remain.

The known methods share the problem that the generally multi-stage treatment methods are resource-intensive. Furthermore, the organic constituents in particular are largely broken down or the olfactory compounds are not completely removed or are merely chemically masked, so that the recycling potentials of such substances or mixtures of substances remain fundamentally limited. As a result, material recycling options are not exhausted and instead environmental pollution is increased, for example by spreading fermentation residues on agricultural land.

The invention is based on the object of expanding the material utilization options of substances or mixtures of substances that have olfactory adhesions, so that disposal, for example by spreading them on agriculturally used areas, can be dispensed with, with environmental pollution in principle should be minimized.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and / or by a system with the features of claim 12. In addition, use options for the treated substances are listed in claim 21. Advantageous refinements are described in the subclaims.

In other words, the invention provides a method in which substances or mixtures of substances are processed by a multistage process without, for example, substances being introduced that remain in the substrate. Inter alia, those contaminated substances or mixtures of substances with an oxide treatment agents are treated in order to essentially modify and / or break down olfactory adhesions, so that odor-related restrictions on the utilization options are lifted. In particular, a treatment is proposed which is adapted to the pollution of the substances or mixtures of substances, with the aim of essentially reducing the olfactory pollution while not degrading the substances or mixtures of substances excessively in order to enable as many recycling options as possible.

The moisture content of the olfactory contaminated substances can directly influence the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the present proposal, olfactory contaminated substances that have a defined moisture content are defined as raw substrates. According to the proposal, a raw substrate is treated with an oxidizing agent in a first process step.

When the addition of the oxidizing agent begins, the so-called reaction holding time begins and a so-called moist substrate is created from the raw substrate. The end of the reaction holding time is determined by the point in time at which the olfactory adhesions are largely modified and / or broken down, so that there are no longer any burdens. The oxidizing agent is preferably applied in liquid form. However, alternative forms of application, for example as a powder, are not excluded. The constituents, in particular the organic constituents such as fats, proteins and fungi or fungal spores, are modified and / or broken down directly through the use of an oxidising agent. An addition of further substances, in particular substances that react as a function of the oxidizing agent, is not provided, whereby the content and distribution of the substrate moisture can have a direct effect on the effectiveness of the oxidizing agent. After the reaction holding time has elapsed, a further process step, as proposed, comprises conditioning the moist substrate to a specific moisture content. This creates a so-called final substrate. By drying and / or supplying water or water vapor, a target humidity of the final substrate is set, which is dependent on a subsequent use of the final substrate. The drying can take place, for example, by increasing the temperature or by blowing in dry air.

If the moisture content of the olfactory contaminated substances is too high before the proposed method is used, the proportion of dry substance can advantageously be increased before the addition of oxidizing agent and the raw substrate can be created. On the one hand, a relative increase in the dry matter improves the machinability due to the higher viscosity. On the other hand, the reactivity is increased, as a result of which the treatment efficiency is increased.

It can be particularly advantageous to use the proposed method for fermentation residues or sewage sludge, which arise, for example, as a product of biogas and / or sewage treatment plants. An intense odor pollution is characteristic of such by-products, so that material recycling, for example in the form of a raw material, is largely disregarded in practice. Accordingly, there is a pronounced potential for use with such substances, provided that the odor is reduced to such an extent that it can no longer be classified as a nuisance.

If, for example, digestate is treated, the initial dry matter content can be around 8 to 12%. Before geous enough, the dry substance content to create the raw substrate can in principle be increased to 25 to 40%, preferably to 30 to 35%, particularly preferably between 32 and 34%. From a dry matter content of 30% For example, fermentation residues are solid and stackable, which is of great importance for further processing insofar as a spatially resolved treatment of the raw substrate with an oxidizing agent can be implemented.

It can be particularly advantageous to use hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. In contrast to alternative oxidizing agents, hydrogen peroxide can be produced economically on an industrial scale and its use in process engineering can be implemented cost-effectively. Correspondingly pronounced occupational safety and cost-intensive corrosion protection of the system technology, such as when using alternative oxidizing agents, for example ozone, are not necessary. Furthermore, environmental hazards are low, since pure hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water and oxygen without the formation of disruptive by-products, but has sufficient chemical stability for industrial use.

Hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent can be advantageous because it has a cytotoxic effect and modifies and / or breaks down fats, proteins, fungi or fungal spores and other organic molecule groups. The modification and / or the degradation of molecules are induced by radicals. Highly volatile substances are removed from the treatment process and can, for example, be used for thermal recycling. Difficult to non-volatile fragments remain in the treated moist substrate, but without causing any further odor pollution. In some cases, these fragments can aggregate with mineral constituents, which can be contained, for example, as impurities in fermentation residues or sewage sludge. In particular, the volatile degradation products can be recorded by means of sensors and can be used as indicators, for example a degradation intensity or a treatment progress, to regulate the method. For simple handling and economical use, a concentration of the hydrogen peroxide between 9 and 60% can be advantageous, preferably between 35 to 45% and in particular 40%. Basically, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide should be based on the composition of the olfactory substances. For an efficient treatment process, the concentration can be approximated to a maximum value. In this way, the hydrogen peroxide used is not completely consumed in the event of an overdose in the process and / or the elasto-mechanical properties of the moist substrate, which are of decisive importance for later use, are too severely impaired. The reaction can be terminated primarily by adding water. In the case of underdosing, the olfactory compounds are not sufficiently modified and / or broken down so that odor pollution can persist.

With the application of the oxidizing agent, the reaction holding time can begin in which the moist substrate reacts with the oxidizing agent. The process parameters and the physico-chemical characteristics of the final substrate are significantly influenced by the chemical reactions during the reaction holding time. Initiated by exothermic reactions, for example, the process temperature rises during the reaction holding time, preferably to 60 to 80 ° C., without the need for an external energy supply. Increased process temperatures can degrade thermosensitive components of the moist substrate. Furthermore, increased process temperatures increase the liquid temperature in the wet substrate. As a result, a potential energy expenditure in a conditioning phase can be reduced. The proportion of dry matter can advantageously be increased and at the same time the energy expenditure can be reduced.

The highest possible efficiency of a process control of the proposed method is achieved by defining an optimal reaction holding time, with the amount and the con- The concentration of the oxidizing agent must be technically adapted to the type, amount and distribution of the olfactory compounds in accordance with the process.

The concentration and the amount of the oxidizing agent and its effect in the process can advantageously be monitored automatically, in particular with regard to the breakdown of organic components, for example by analyzing a gas composition directly above the wet substrate, optically detecting the wet substrate color or recording the process temperature. If the recorded actual values deviate from a target value, the concentration and / or the amount of the oxidizing agent can advantageously be adjusted so that the olfactory compounds are modified and / or reduced at the end of the reaction holding time to such an extent that there is no longer any load and therefore there are no longer any odor-related restrictions on the recycling options.

After adjusting the process parameters, a reaction time of 20 to 40 minutes can be advantageous, in particular 30 to 35 minutes. At the end of the reaction holding time, the olfactory adhesions are largely modified and / or reduced so that there are no longer any loads, although the elasto-mechanical properties of the moist substrate do not fall below a strength level that is defined by the use requirements of the final substrate.

In one embodiment it can be provided that the Feuchtsub strat is additionally exposed to ultraviolet radiation during the reaction holding time. On the one hand, radical formation can intensify, so that the effect of the oxidizing agent can be increased. On the other hand, olfactory connections can be split immediately, so that the process efficiency can be increased. The treatment of the moist substrate using ultraviolet letter Radiation represents, in addition to the concentration and amount of the oxidizing agent, a further control variable that can significantly influence the course of the process during the reaction hold time and the duration of the reaction hold time.

Advantageously, the moist substrate can be monitored during the reaction holding time by means of specific sensors, in such a way that sensors detect the breakdown of organic substances in order to be able to derive treatment progress, for example, and to change the process parameters, for example the concentration or to be able to adjust the amount of oxidizing agent and / or the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation directly without having to interrupt an ongoing treatment process. A person skilled in the art can use several detection methods for this purpose.

A color sensor can be advantageous for optical monitoring, which automatically and optically detects an appearance deviating from a predetermined target value, for example the appearance of a bleached moist substrate and accordingly triggers an adapted regulation of the amount or concentration of the oxidizing agent and / or the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation . Gas sensors can advantageously detect defined volatile organic compounds directly above the moist substrate and, for example, initiate an increase in the treatment intensity if a specific concentration of a gas or substance is not reached.

Temperature sensors can advantageously detect the temperature of the process ambient air and / or directly the temperature of the moist substrate. Since exothermic reactions are decisive in the treatment, conclusions can be drawn about the process from the temperature data and process parameters can be regulated based on this. Moisture sensors can detect the moisture content of the Feuchtsub strats in order to cause the moist substrate to be moistened as required via an application unit. Since the moisture content has a direct effect on the chemical reactivity and thus on the efficiency of the treatment, monitoring and control of the substrate moisture is advantageous.

Depending on the system technology, the proposed process can be implemented as a continuous or discontinuous process.

Furthermore, a system is proposed in which substances or mixtures of substances are processed. Inter alia, an oxidizing agent is applied to olfactory polluted substances or mixtures of substances in order to essentially modify and / or reduce olfactory effects so that odor-related restrictions on the utilization options are lifted. The system can be used to implement the proposed method according to claim 1.

According to the proposal, the system includes a treatment carrier that serves as a support for olfactory contaminated substances in the form of a raw substrate. The supporting surface on which the raw substrate rests is referred to as the substrate-bearing surface. The raw substrate has a defined moisture content. The raw substrate located on the treatment carrier is treated with an oxidizing agent by applying an oxidizing agent via a proposed application unit which, inter alia, enables a metered and homogeneous application.

By applying the oxidizing agent to the raw substrate by means of the proposed application purity, a so-called moist substrate is created. The oxidizing agent is preferably applied in liquid form. However, alternative forms of application, for example as a powder, are possible. With the start of the addition of the oxidizing agent, a so-called reaction hold time. The end of the reaction holding time is determined by the point in time at which the olfactory adhesions are largely modified and / or broken down so that there are no longer any burdens. The configurations of the treatment carrier and the application unit enable a homogeneous oxidizing agent treatment, which is decisive for the strength distribution of the moist substrate, for example.

According to the proposal, the system also includes a conditioning unit which is used to set a target moisture content of a so-called final substrate in accordance with the requirements of a later use of the final substrate. For example, the air temperature in the conditioning unit can be increased via a heating device, as a result of which the substrate moisture can be reduced. Process temperatures between 95 and 175 ° C are preferably reached, so that further, primarily organic components can be modified or degraded under thermal induction. Water or water vapor can be added via nozzles or a nebulization unit if the aim is to increase the substrate moisture or to have to reduce process temperatures within a short period of time. Due to the conditioning purity, the proposed system can be replaced very flexibly, since substrate moisture can be achieved that is defined by the subsequent recycling options for the final substrate.

In addition, the conditioning can be accompanied by an additional preparation of the final substrate, in that the final substrate is advantageously cleaned and pronounced aggregation of the final substrate is prevented. For this purpose, sieving or classifying processes can be used, for example, which assign the constituents of the final substrate to defined fractions as a function of geometry and / or mass.

In one embodiment, the system can have a dryer for pre-drying olfactory contaminated substances to create the Include raw substrate. Different drying methods can be used, and condensation dryers, infrared dryers or vacuum dryers can be particularly advantageous. In principle, mechanical presses can also increase the dry matter. The liquid phase obtained as a by-product during pre-drying can be used as a fertilizer, especially when treating digestate or sewage sludge. Or the process water can be treated further over several treatment stages and fed to a receiving water. Energy inherent in the liquid phase, for example thermal energy, can be recovered and, for example, fed back to the dryer for a pre-drying process.

In order to increase the treatment efficiency, the system can advantageously have at least one mixing element which is arranged in such a way that it circulates the moist substrate that is on the treatment carrier. The aim is to increase the intensity of the treatment, for example by maximizing the contact areas between the moist substrate and an oxidizing agent. The mixing elements can be designed as mixing blades which are integrated into the treatment carrier, for example, and / or the mixing elements are arranged detached from the treatment carrier.

For oxidizing agent treatment of the raw substrate, an application unit can be particularly advantageous which distributes a liquid oxidizing agent on the raw substrate by means of one or more spray heads. Advantageously, the spray heads can be effectively distributed essentially over the entire substrate-bearing surface of the treatment carrier, so that an oxidizing agent treatment can take place over the entire substrate-bearing surface. The application unit can advantageously comprise a metering unit for the exact metering of the oxidizing agent. As a result, the economy can be increased. Spraying the oxidizer in conjunction An optimized nozzle geometry has the advantage that precise application with high spatial resolution can be implemented, so that the oxidizing agent can be used economically and in accordance with the requirements. Alternatively, the oxidizing agent can also be applied by pouring, steaming or cold misting.

In one embodiment, it can be provided that the substrate-bearing surface of the treatment carrier is arranged facing emitters of ultraviolet radiation, in such a way that irradiation of the moist substrate located on the treatment carrier can take place essentially over the entire support surface during the reaction hold time. Even only a partial distribution of radiation sources can exist in order to minimize investment and operating costs. In addition, separate regulation of the individual radiation sources can be advantageous in order to specifically treat areas of the moist substrate more intensively that deviate from a previously defined treatment pattern.

In general, the proposed system is used to treat olfactory polluted substances, inter alia, by removing water, nutrients and organic acids. Organic components are modified and / or broken down. The main external factors influencing the conversion of the organic components are the composition of the olfactory contaminated substances and the substrate moisture. The concentration or the amount of the oxidizing agent and / or the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation represent process parameters that define the reaction hold time and thus have to be adapted accordingly to the influencing variables.

The spray heads of the application unit and / or the emitters of the ultraviolet radiation can advantageously be separately controllable, so that areas of the moist substrate can be treated with high spatial resolution, provided that a sensor system has one recorded deviating actual value compared to a target value, for example by deviations in the process temperature, the substrate moisture, the substrate color and / or a gas or substance concentration.

The treatment carrier can advantageously be a conveyor belt which is designed to be resistant to the action of oxidizing agents, ultraviolet radiation and / or organic acids. The conveyor belt can be driven at a speed of less than 1 m / min. A substrate dispenser can be assigned to the conveyor belt for feeding the raw substrate onto the conveyor belt, the raw substrate being able to be fed essentially across the width of the conveyor belt.

A device for layer thickness control which ensures a layer thickness of up to 100 mm of the raw substrate, in particular a layer thickness of 50 mm, for optimal treatment of the raw substrate can be advantageous. Greater layer thicknesses can counteract efficient treatment. An optimal setting of the dry substance ensures that the raw substrate or the moist substrate remains on the conveyor belt. The device for layer thickness control can have a dosing unit which, via a corresponding sensor system, for example a scale, ensures that only a defined amount of the raw substrate is applied to the treatment carrier. The device for layer thickness control can have a defined substrate passage which generates a defined layer thickness by means of mechanical stripping.

The treatment carrier can advantageously be provided as a mixing container, for example as a drum mixer. To circulate the moist substrate, at least one mixing element can be arranged in the mixing container, for example in the form of a mixing blade. The oxidizing agent can be applied by one or more application units, which apply the oxidizing agent to the raw substrate in the mixing container. By circulating the wet substrate, the distribution of the oxidizing agent on the surface of the wet substrate can be improved, which increases the efficiency of the process. Mixing or circulating the moist substrate in the mixing container is also advantageous because it can be implemented without loss. For example, a loss of moist substrate may be possible if it falls from a treatment carrier designed as a conveyor belt, in particular if the moisture content of the moist substrate is set suboptimally.

Advantageously, emitters of ultraviolet radiation can be arranged in relation to the mixing container in such a way that the moist substrate can be irradiated in the mixing container in addition to the application of the oxidizing agent.

In an advantageous system, the treatment carrier and the application unit can be arranged in the conditioning unit so that the olfactory contaminated substances can be fed to a system in which they are treated in the form of the raw substrate in a closed system. The conditioning unit can advantageously also have emitters of ultra violet radiation. It can advantageously be provided that the treatment carrier is designed as a mixing container with integrated mixing technology. Thanks to a compact, lockable design, the process conditions, such as the air temperature or the gas composition in the process atmosphere, can be easily recorded using sensors, and process parameters such as the amount and / or concentration of the oxidizing agent and / or the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation can be regulated as required. Work and process safety are particularly high.

If necessary, the olfactory substances can be directly in the mixing container before the addition of the oxidizing agent, for example by increasing the air temperature and / or by heating of the mixing container, to be pre-dried to create the raw substrate, for example when treating fermentation substrates or sewage sludge. The energy expenditure can be lower, since energy losses through heat dissipation can be minimized by means of a closed construction. Mixing the moist substrate or the final substrate can be advantageous for mechanical cleaning and for preventing agglomeration. Overall, the compact design of the system minimizes the space required and thus the investment costs.

According to the proposal, the olfactory polluted substances or mixtures of substances should essentially not be broken down, but instead should be accessible for further material use. In particular, a substance-dependent process management is required in which, for example, the oxidizing agent used and / or the substance breakdown are monitored during the treatment and relevant process parameters are regulated as required in order to ultimately be able to produce a raw material with properties for which a further, recycling is economical.

The invention proposes the use of an end substrate which can be produced by means of the proposed method and / or on a proposed system. For example, from fermentation residues, a fiber raw material can be obtained as the final substrate, which is primarily composed of polysaccharides such as cellulose and flemicelluloses as well as lignin. The composition of the final substrate defines the basic assignment to specific recycling options.

According to the proposal, use of the processed end substrate for plate-shaped materials is provided, for example homogeneous fiberboard or heterogeneous composite materials. Such materials can be used inter alia in furniture construction or for the construction of pallets. A use for molded parts is based on plate-shaped materials suggested. Three-dimensionally shaped molded parts can be used inter alia in furniture construction or in the automotive industry, both as cladding elements and, with the appropriate formulation of the material composition, as a structural component.

A proposed use of the final substrate for insulating materials includes both the injectable and the mat-shaped insulating materials, so that requirement-specific insulating effects can be implemented. It is also proposed to use it as a packaging material, taking into account an outer protective cover, for example cardboard and / or cardboard, as well as a space-filling and shock-absorbing use.

According to the proposal, use of the final substrate as an additive for further substance mixtures is also provided. Fiber bundles can be fed to a matrix material, for example a plastic, on the one hand to reduce costs and on the other hand to improve inter alia elasto-mechanical properties of a composite material in a targeted manner. Additional preparation steps may be required for this.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail using a purely schematic representation. It shows

Fig. 1 shows a process flow for treating fermentation residues.

As shown in FIG. 1, fermentation residues 6, which occur in large quantities, for example as a by-product of biogas plants, form the starting point for a multi-stage method 1 for treating olfactory adhesions. The composition of the fermentation residues 6 can depend on the substrates originally processed in the biogas plant and the microorganisms that are active in the reactor of the biogas plant vary. Basically, fermentation residues 6 consist of water and compounds such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, organic acids, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and / or ammonium. It also contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate and / or potassium. A substance-specific process control of the proposed method 1 is therefore necessary.

In a first process step, the fermentation residues 6, which originally had a dry matter content between 8 and 12%, are pre-dried 2 in a condensation dryer, so that the proportion of dry matter is increased and a so-called raw substrate 7 is created. For the implementation of method 1, it is necessary that the proportion of dry substance is increased so that digestate 6 can be processed in the scope of method 1. With an optimal dry substance content of between 32 and 34%, the fermentation residues 6 are solid, stackable and can be processed into an end product.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the raw substrate 7 is treated in a white direct process step in that an oxidizing agent is added, whereby a so-called wet substrate 8 is created. The oxidizing agent used is hydrogen peroxide, which has a strong cytotoxic effect, so that the organic components such as bacteria, fungi, fungal spores and other organic molecular groups of the original digestate 6 are modified and / or broken down. The effect of the hydrogen per oxide is closely linked to an optimal moisture content of the Feuchtsub strats 8, such that a too dry moist substrate 8 counteracts a uniform treatment, so that locally a very high treatment intensity can occur and that a too high moisture content of the moist substrate 8 a treatment lungs intensity counteracts inhibitory.

Hydrogen peroxide is used because, on the one hand, it can be produced inexpensively in large quantities. On the other hand, an integration into the process flow of method 1 is easy to implement. bar, since the requirements for occupational safety and plant engineering are relatively low compared to alternative oxidizing agents, for example ozone. The hazard potential for the environment is low, since pure hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water and oxygen without the formation of disruptive by-products, but has sufficient chemical stability for technical use.

In method 1, the hydrogen peroxide is used at a concentration of 40%, with an adaptation of the concentration depending on the composition of the fermentation residues 6 it may be necessary.

For the addition of oxidizing agent 3, the raw substrate 7 is placed on a conveyor belt which is designed to be resistant in such a way that the hydrogen peroxide and other influences do not impair the functionality of the conveyor belt. In order to be able to treat the raw substrate 7 optimally, the raw substrate 7 is essentially distributed over the width of the conveyor belt with a maximum layer thickness of 50 mm, so that it can be ensured that the raw substrate 7 is largely penetrable by the hydrogen peroxide.

The hydrogen peroxide is applied via precisely controllable spray heads which are fastened above the conveyor belt in such a way that initially the raw substrate 7 is sprayed with hydrogen peroxide over the entire width of the conveyor belt. The spray heads are connected to metering units, which enable the oxidizing agent to be precisely metered. Additional spray heads above the conveyor belt in the course of the conveyor line can be used to apply hydrogen peroxide as required. The spray heads can be controlled separately so that there is a high spatial resolution for the application of defined amounts of hydrogen peroxide. This reduces the consumption of hydrogen peroxide and application features, for example the elasto-mechanical properties, an end substrate 9 is optimized.

Fig. 1 shows that the moist substrate 8 in addition to the Oxidationsmit telzugabe 3 is also subjected to an ultraviolet radiation treatment 4. As a result, the modification and / or the breakdown of olfactory components are intensified. The arrangement of the emitters of ultraviolet radiation takes place above the conveyor belt in such a way that the ultraviolet radiation treatment 4 of the moist substrate 8 is implemented immediately after the addition of oxidizing agent 3 and extends over an area essentially the width of the conveyor belt and the length of the conveyor line. The emitters of the ultraviolet radiation can be regulated separately, so that specific areas of the moist substrate 8 located on the conveyor belt can be treated.

With the start of the addition of oxidizing agent 3, a reaction holding time begins, in which the moist substrate 8 reacts with the hydrogen peroxide, optionally by adding further oxidizing agent 3 and intensified by the ultraviolet radiation treatment 4. Due to exothermic reactions, the process temperature rises to 60 to 80 ° C. during the reaction holding time, so that thermosensitive components of the moist substrate 8 are de-graded and the temperature of the liquids in the moist substrate 8 are increased. Highly volatile organic groups of substances dif fund from the moist substrate 8 and are removed via a suction system. Hardly volatile and non-volatile organic fragments remain in the moist substrate 8. These modification and / or degradation products are partially aggregated with mineral constituents of the moist substrate 8.

The modification and / or degradation processes taking place during the reaction hold time have a decisive influence on the elasto-mechanical properties of the final substrate 9, so that automatic process monitoring, in particular monitoring the degradation of the olfactory compounds, as well as an active control of the reaction holding time is necessary.

Sensors, which are arranged above the substrate-bearing surface of the conveyor belt, monitor the moist substrate 8 optically, chemically and physically during the reaction holding time. Temperature and humidity sensors record the air temperature or the humidity content of the humid substrate 8. Conclusions about the chemical reaction can be drawn from temperature and humidity data. Color sensors detect the appearance of the wet substrate 8. If the wet substrate 8 differs optically from a given target value in certain areas, additional hydrogen peroxide can be applied in a targeted manner. Furthermore, the addition of oxidizing agent 3 can be regulated by adjusting the hydrogen peroxide concentration and / or amount of hydrogen peroxide, so that process parameters optimized for further treatment can be taken into account and the treatment process is continuously optimized.

In addition, there is a targeted intensification of the ultraviolet radiation treatment 4 in order to optimize the modification and / or the degradation of the olfactory components in the moist substrate 8. The wet substrate 8 is chemically monitored during the reaction holding time by an in-situ analysis of the gas development. If, for example, a falling VOC content is detected, the treatment intensity can, inter alia, be increased by switching on further ultraviolet radiation sources.

Another control variable for influencing the treatment intensity is the feed speed of the conveyor belt. The aim is that at the end of the reaction holding time, which comprises 30 to 35 minutes, the organic components, in particular the olfactory effects, are modified as far as possible. adorned and / or dismantled so that no odor-related impairments stand in the way of subsequent recycling options. Therefore, the conveyor belt is preferably driven ben at a feed speed of 1 m / min.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the reaction holding time is followed by conditioning 5 of the moist substrate 8, as a result of which a so-called final substrate 9 is created. Depending on the intended use 10 of the final substrate 9, a target humidity is set via an increase in temperature and / or a supply of water or water vapor. The moist substrate 8 is dried at temperatures between 95 and 175 ° C. and any olfactory components that may still be present are thermally stressed, so that further modification and / or degradation can be promoted. Furthermore, the increased process temperatures can mobilize organic fragments so that they diffuse out of the moist substrate 8 and thereby contribute to an additional purification of the moist substrate 8. Depending on the composition of the original fermentation residues 6, a final cleaning of the final substrate 9 may be necessary, for example to separate mineral components from the final substrate 9 by means of a sieve.

The final substrate 9 can be used in a variety of ways 10, for example as a plate-shaped material, molded part, insulating material, packaging, cardboard / cardboard box or as an additive. In principle, the different usage options 10 are associated with defined requirements, in particular with regard to the elasto-mechanical properties of the final substrate 9. The decisive factors for such features of the end substrate 9 are, on the one hand, the composition of the constituent parts of the original digestate 6 and, on the other hand, the process control of method 1. Essential process parameters that require individual adaptation are the concentration tion and / or the amount of oxidizing agent and the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation treatment.

FIG. 1 also shows that, in addition to the final substrate 9, process water 11 from the pre-drying process

2 and from the conditioning 5 is obtained as a by-product. The process water 11 can either be used directly as fertilizer 12 or, after additional processing stages, be fed to a receiving water. The nutrients to be removed can be used as concentrated fertilizers.

Reference number:

Procedure

Pre-drying

Adding oxidizing agent

Ultraviolet radiation treatment

Conditioning

Digestate

Raw substrate

Moist substrate

Final substrate

use

Process water

fertilizer

Claims

Expectations:

1. Process (1) for the treatment of olfactory contaminated substances, these substances being treated in several successive process steps, characterized by the following process steps:

Treatment of substances with olfactory adhesions, which are referred to as raw substrate (7) with a defined moisture content, with an oxidizing agent to create a moist substrate (8), the oxidizing agent being exclusively intended for this purpose and its amount and / or concentration is geared to modify and / or reduce the olfactory adherence, and the beginning of the addition of the oxidizing agent defines the beginning of a reaction holding time and at the end of the reaction holding time olfactory adhering no longer exist, whereby the usage characteristics of the substances are retained, and

• Conditioning (5) of the moist substrate (8) to a certain moisture content to create an end substrate (9)

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the olfactory polluted substances are dried before the addition of oxidizing agent (3) to create the raw substrate (7).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that fermentation residues (6), in particular as a product of biogas were treated as olfactory polluted substances.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the initial dry matter content of the raw substrate (7) is between 25 and 40%, preferably 30 and 35%, particularly preferably 32 to 34%.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that hydrogen peroxide is used as the oxidizing agent.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen peroxide has a concentration between 9 and 60%, preferably 35 to 45%, particularly preferably 40%.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a defined amount of the oxidizing agent is added, and the reaction holding time is determined, namely until the olfactory compounds are broken down to a predetermined value, and the amount of oxidizing agent added is adjusted in such a way that a certain reaction hold time is reached.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reaction hold time is 20 to 40 minutes, preferably 30 to 35 minutes.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the moist substrate (8) is additionally subjected to an ultraviolet radiation treatment (4).

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moist substrate (8) is monitored by sensors during the reaction holding time, in such a way that sensors detect the breakdown of organic substances.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the treatment intensity is adapted to a certain actual value deviating from a predetermined target value.

12. Plant for the treatment of olfactory contaminated substances consisting of:

• a treatment carrier to absorb the olfactory contaminated substances in the form of a raw substrate (7),

• an application unit for applying an oxidizing agent to the raw substrate located on the treatment carrier (7) to create a Feuchtsub strats (8), and

• A conditioning unit for setting a certain moisture content of the moist substrate (8) for creating a final substrate (9).

13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized by a dryer.

14. Plant according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one mixing element is arranged in the manner that it circulates the wet substrate (8).

15. Plant according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the application unit has at least one spray head.

16. System according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that a substrate-bearing surface of the treatment carrier facing emitters of ultraviolet radiation are arranged.

17. System according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the treatment carrier is a conveyor belt, wherein the conveyor belt is assigned a substrate output which releases the raw substrate (7) onto the conveyor belt.

18. Plant according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized by a device for layer thickness control which ensures that a layer thickness of the raw substrate (7) is up to 100 mm, preferably up to 50 mm, on a conveyor belt.

19. Plant according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the treatment carrier is designed as a mixing container, wherein the mixing container has at least one mixing element, and that at least one application unit is arranged in such a way that an oxidizing agent can be applied to the raw substrate (7) located in the mixing container.

20. System according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the treatment carrier and the application unit are arranged in the conditioning unit.

21. Use (10) of an end substrate (9), produced by means of a method (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or on a system according to one of claims 12 to 20 as raw material for at least one of the following applications:

• Plate-shaped material,

• molded part,

• insulation material,

• Packing material,

• cardboard / cardboard,

• Additive.