WO2021115636A1 - Carbon as filler for a carrier matrix - Google Patents
Carbon as filler for a carrier matrix Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021115636A1 WO2021115636A1 PCT/EP2020/053132 EP2020053132W WO2021115636A1 WO 2021115636 A1 WO2021115636 A1 WO 2021115636A1 EP 2020053132 W EP2020053132 W EP 2020053132W WO 2021115636 A1 WO2021115636 A1 WO 2021115636A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/12—Agar or agar-agar, i.e. mixture of agarose and agaropectin; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6021—Extrusion moulding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6022—Injection moulding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6023—Gel casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6025—Tape casting, e.g. with a doctor blade
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6027—Slip casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material made of a matrix material which has carbon as a filler, and a method for producing the composite material.
- a raw material can consist of a material that represents a matrix material that can be filled with a filler.
- the matrix fulfills the task of giving the filler the necessary hold and the filler leads, for example, to a desired stiffness or resistance of the material.
- a material in composite materials in which other components are embedded is referred to as a matrix material.
- the matrix material can be referred to as a binder.
- a composite material or composite material or composite or composite or compound is a material which comprises at least two materials, the mixture resulting in new, advantageous properties.
- the term compound is mainly used for composite materials with a plastic component. The advantageous properties result from the material properties and the geometry of the components, for example a first material with its material properties can bring about a high level of resistance and a second material ensures that the composite material holds together and does not disintegrate into its individual parts.
- the composite material includes the filler.
- Different materials are known as fillers. However, it has not yet been possible to provide a suitable material that has both good electrical conductivity, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and, at the same time, good damping properties against vibrations or vibrations.
- profiles for example profiles for the production of windows, are made from aluminum, plastic or wood.
- Aluminum is increasingly being rejected as a material because of its energy-intensive production.
- aluminum is a very good conductor of heat and therefore generally unsuitable for insulating a building.
- plastic can be used as a profile material, which has very good insulation.
- plastics have the disadvantage that they are not disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner.
- plastics such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are environmentally critical in their manufacture and disposal.
- Another disadvantage is their lack of UV stability.
- the material wood is resistant to distortion only in the case of small dimensions.
- wood must be kept weatherproof in regular succession by means of chemical paints, which can be environmentally harmful. Despite regular maintenance measures, the lifespan of wood is limited.
- the object of the invention is to create a material belonging to the technical field mentioned at the beginning which, compared to a material from the prior art, has both good electrical conductivity, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and at the same time good damping properties against oscillations or vibrations.
- a composite material comprising: a first material as a matrix material, the first material in particular comprising plastic and / or building materials or in particular consisting of plastic and / or building materials, and a second material as a filler, the The filler is at least partially carbon and wherein the composite material is produced by extrusion, extrusion, compression molding, blow molding, rotational molding, casting, injection molding, deep drawing or vacuum molding.
- the advantage of a profile made of carbon, in particular biocarbon, is that environmentally problematic materials can be replaced, that the energy contained in the biomass can be used as raw material in the case of biomass residues, that no pyrolytic processing is required for fossil carbons Injection molding / extrusion ensures that the building material is UV and weather resistant, and that a high level of thermal insulation is also achieved.
- a cascade use of the biomass residues is made possible, which results in multiple economic added value.
- the compound according to the invention can also be produced using conventional mechanical processes. The waste resulting from processing and disposal during dismantling can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner.
- the composite material has a proportion of 10% to 95%
- Carbon in particular a proportion of 30% to 70% carbon.
- a method for producing the composite material according to one of claims 1 to 8 comprising the steps: extrusion, extrusion, compression molding, blow molding, rotational molding, casting, injection molding, deep drawing or vacuum molding of a first material, the first Material in particular plastic and / or building materials, in particular cement, comprises or in particular consists of plastic and / or building materials, in particular cement, wherein the first material acts as a matrix material, with a second material which acts as a filler, wherein the filler comprises carbon.
- a computer program product which has a software program for realizing a composite material, the computer program product comprising a set of instructions which cause a method according to claim 9 to be carried out.
- a computer program is provided, distributable by electronic data transmission, with computer program code means which are adapted so that when the program is loaded onto a computer, the latter can carry out the procedure according to claim 9.
- a composite material is provided, the first material being selected from the following Materials consists of or at least includes: cement, plaster of paris, mortar, plaster mortar, lime mortar, gypsum mortar, clay plaster, loam, clay-containing loams, clays, ceramics, glass, metal, synthetic resin, natural resin, silicone, elastomers, agarose, mono- and / or polysaccharides .
- Agarose is a polysaccharide made from algae.
- a composite material is made available, the proportion by weight of the filler of carbon being between 5% and 95%, in particular between 20% and 80%, particularly between 30% and 70%.
- a composite material is provided, the first material being an elastomer, a silicone, a rubber, a thermosetting plastic, a thermoplastic, starch or starch blends, a polylactic acid (PLA), a polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), cellulose acetates, made from pressed leaves of the betel palm, resins, saccharide, polybutylene succinate (PBS), celluloses or lignin.
- PVA polylactic acid
- PHB polyhydroxybutyric acid
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- a composite material comprising a third material as an additive, the additive being a plasticizer and / or an extender and / or a stabilizer and / or a light stabilizer and / or a flame retardant and / or is a colorant.
- a composite material is provided, the proportion by weight of the additives in the composite material being between 0.1% and 10%, in particular between 2% and 8%, particularly between 3% and 7%.
- a composite material is provided, wherein the second material is a biocarbon.
- a composite material is provided, the composite material being a profile, in particular for the production of windows, an extruded / pressed plate for furniture, walls, floors, an injection-molded facade element / a roof tile, an injection-molded brick or a Plant pot is, the plant pot has a hexagonal shape.
- a method is made available, the extrusion taking place at a temperature between 30 ° Celsius and 400 ° Celsius and a pressure between 0 bar and 500 bar.
- the material according to the invention can advantageously be used to manufacture extruded / pressed panels for furniture, walls, floors, injection-molded or foamed facade elements / roof tiles, which replace environmentally critical, glazed tile pans and metal panels, etc., if necessary with integrated PV modules and / or Solar thermal elements for generating renewable energy, injection-molded bricks that are mechanically connected via a tongue-and-groove system without mortar, or plant pots that replace those made of environmentally critical plastics and are planted with the seedling.
- the building material according to the invention is advantageously broken down in the soil by microorganisms, in particular if the matrix material is bioplastic. This releases the biocarbon and forms the basis for "Terra Preta”.
- building materials in particular cement, are used as the matrix material.
- One idea of the invention can be seen to produce a raw material which consists to a considerable extent of carbon. That would make one Get raw material, which is characterized by good electrical conductivity, high UV stability, high insulation properties, especially in thermal and acoustic terms. In addition, oscillations and vibrations are well dampened by carbon.
- the carbon can be in the form of nanoparticles, the size of the nanoparticles being 12 ⁇ m or smaller.
- the raw material comprises thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics, elastomers, starch or starch blends, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), cellulose acetates, catering articles, for example made from pressed leaves of the betel palm, resins, saccharide or lignin.
- the matrix components can have a weight fraction of 5% to 95% in the finished raw material.
- carbon in particular biocarbon, is used as filler, the filler being able to occupy a proportion of 95% to 5%.
- the raw material according to the invention can have additives which improve its properties.
- additives can be plasticizers, extenders, stabilizers, light stabilizers, flame retardants, fiber materials (natural and artificial), laminates and / or colorants.
- the additives can have a weight proportion of 0.1% to 10% weight proportion of the finished raw material.
- the raw material according to the invention can be produced by primary molding processes such as injection molding, extrusion, calendering, rotational molding, foaming, injection blow molding, deep drawing and 3D printing.
- the raw material according to the invention can be processed and / or processed by reshaping, welding and gluing.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective sectional view of a window
- FIG. 2 shows a representation of structural elements 3 that can hold planters 4 in such a way that “vertical planting” can be obtained
- Fig. 4 shows a stool 6
- FIG. 1 shows a representation of a window which consists of a profile according to the invention, the profile having a material with a matrix material made of plastic and a carbon as filler.
- FIG. 2 shows a representation of structural elements 3 that can hold planters 4 in such a way that “vertical planting” can be obtained.
- the structural elements 3 and the planters 4 can be made from a material according to the invention, since the material according to the invention has a very high load-bearing capacity and mechanical strength due to the carbon particles in the plastic matrix.
- FIG. 3 shows a wall 5 which can be made from a substance according to the invention.
- 4 shows a stool 6 which can be made from a fabric according to the invention.
- the wall 5 and the stool 6 are exposed to high mechanical loads during use.
- the fabric according to the invention has a high mechanical load-bearing capacity and can therefore be used as a wall element 5 and a stool 6.
- FIG. 5 shows a plant pot 7 which is made from a substance according to the invention with a plastic matrix in which carbon is embedded.
- plant pots 7 are made available for growing, transporting, storing and selling plants.
- the plant pots 7 according to the invention do not consist of conventional, mineral oil-based, thermoplastic plastics that are injection-molded, deep-drawn or blow-molded. The prior art plant pots are removed by the user after purchase, since the plant must be placed in a larger container for growth.
- the plant pots 7 according to the invention advantageously have a matrix made of plastic and a filler made of carbon, in particular biocarbon, the biocarbon being produced from woody plant residues.
- a filler made of carbon in particular biocarbon
- renewable energy is generated as a by-product in the production of the biocarbons.
- Thermoplastic or other biogenic and biodegradable binders are added, whereby a production by conventional methods such as injection molding, deep drawing or blow molding is possible.
- a plant can be placed in the ground or in a larger vessel together with the plant pot 7 according to the invention.
- the addition of water, heat and the activity of microorganisms and soil fungi break down the biogenic binder.
- the biocarbon released as a result is the basis for the "super fertilizer Terra Preta” and a moisture storage or storage for microorganisms, moisture / water and nutrients, which can bind up to four times its own volume of water. This advantageously results in a more effective supply of the plant, as a result of which water can be saved or can be used more effectively than previously for supplying the plant.
- the released biocarbon permanently binds CO2 because it is not metabolized in the soil and remains stable for an unlimited period of time.
- natural and long-term humus soils are formed.
- the plant pot 7 is hexagonal in shape, so that the space available for production, storage and transport is better used in comparison to round pots.
- the pots also “interlock”, which improves stability during storage and transport.
- the advantages of the composite material according to the invention are that the composite material is characterized by better electrical conductivity, better thermal conductivity, higher vibration damping, better UV resistance, better mechanical properties, in particular higher stability and compressive strength, better processability and food safety.
- a material in composite materials in which other components are embedded is referred to as a matrix material.
- the matrix material can be referred to as a binder.
- a composite material or composite material or composite or composite or compound is a material which comprises at least two materials, the mixture resulting in new, advantageous properties.
- the term compound is mainly used for composite materials with a plastic component. The advantageous properties result from the material properties and the geometry of the components, for example a first material with its material properties can bring about a high level of resistance and a second material ensures that the composite material holds together and does not disintegrate into its individual parts.
- the composite material includes the filler.
- Different materials are known as fillers. However, it has not yet been possible to provide a corresponding material that has both good electrical conductivity, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and, at the same time, good damping properties against oscillations or vibrations, as well as high UV resistance.
- the material comprises from 10 to 60 percent by weight of a matrix material.
- an additive component can be present in the material in an amount of 0 to 50 percent by weight.
- Plastic matrix material within the meaning of the application is understood to mean both petroleum-based and bio-based, bioresistant and biodegradable materials.
- the proportion of plastic matrix is between 20 and 90 percent by weight of the compound according to the invention.
- the compound according to the invention can also be provided with natural, glass or synthetic fibers of 2 to 50 percent by weight, preferably 5 to 35 percent by weight, particularly preferably 7 to 20 percent by weight.
- the material can comprise an additive component in an amount from 0 to 50 percent by weight, preferably from 10 to 40 percent by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 30 percent by weight.
- An additive component does not necessarily have to be present in the material.
- the high carbon content permanently binds the carbon in long-lasting products.
- the material according to the invention can also be used as compost after use. This applies in particular to packaging materials, plant pots, etc.
- the carbon content remains in the soil for several hundred years and leads to a significant improvement in the soil (terra preta).
- the degradable material according to the invention is liquid or at least flowable at temperatures from 120 ° C.
- “Curing” in the context of the present application is understood to be the process in which the material solidifies after the production of the molded part by chemical processes or by setting processes. Curing begins immediately after the injection molding process, extrusion, pressing, molding or printing of the molded part and continues until the molded part made from the material is inherently dimensionally stable.
- the composite material has a first material as matrix material, which consists of or at least comprises the following substances: cement, gypsum, mortar, plastering mortar, lime mortar, gypsum mortar, clay plaster, loam, clay-containing loams, clays, ceramics, Glass, metal, synthetic resin, natural resin, silicone, elastomers, agarose, mono- and / or polysaccharides.
- Agarose is a polysaccharide made from algae.
- the agarose is a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which are glycosidically linked to one another.
- the term “comprise” does not exclude further elements or method steps, just as the term “a” and “an” does not exclude several elements and steps.
- the reference symbols used only serve to increase the understanding and are in no way to be regarded as restrictive, the scope of protection of the invention being reproduced by the claims.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite material comprising: a first material as the matrix material, wherein the first material comprises in particular plastic and/or building materials or more particularly consists of plastic and/or building materials, and a second material as a filler, wherein the filler is at least in part carbon, and wherein the composite material is produced by extrusion, extrusion moulding compression moulding, blow moulding, rotation forming, casting, injection moulding, deep-drawing or vacuum forming.
Description
Kohlenstoff als Füllstoff für eine Trägermatrix Carbon as a filler for a carrier matrix
BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
GEBIET DER ERFINDUNG FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Verbundwerkstoff aus einem Matrixmaterial, das Kohlenstoff als Füllstoff aufweist, und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundwerkstoffs. The present invention relates to a composite material made of a matrix material which has carbon as a filler, and a method for producing the composite material.
HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNG BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Im Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass ein Rohstoff aus einem Material bestehen kann, das ein Matrixmaterial darstellt, das durch einen Füllstoff aufgefüllt werden kann. Hierbei erfüllt die Matrix die Aufgabe, dem Füllstoff den nötigen Halt zu geben und der Füllstoff führt beispielsweise zu einer gewünschten Steifigkeit bzw. Widerstandsfähigkeit des Materials. It is known in the prior art that a raw material can consist of a material that represents a matrix material that can be filled with a filler. Here, the matrix fulfills the task of giving the filler the necessary hold and the filler leads, for example, to a desired stiffness or resistance of the material.
Die Dokumente DE 102015 223238 Al und WO 2017 089500 A2 beschreiben ein Sinter-Laser-Druck- Verfahren, bei dem eine dünne Schicht eines Carbonpulvers aufgetragen wird, auf das Harz tröpfchenweise aufgetragen wird. Anschließend wird der Grünkörper mit flüssigem Kunstharz getränkt. Anschließend wird der Grünkörper „carbonisiert“ d.h. die Bestandteile der Matrix werden zu Kohlenstoff umgewandelt.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ERFINDUNG The documents DE 102015 223238 A1 and WO 2017 089500 A2 describe a sintering laser printing method in which a thin layer of carbon powder is applied, onto which resin is applied drop by drop. The green body is then impregnated with liquid synthetic resin. The green body is then “carbonized”, ie the components of the matrix are converted to carbon. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Als Matrixmaterial wird ein Material in Verbundwerkstoffen bezeichnet, in das andere Bestandteile eingebettet werden. In diesem Sinne kann das Matrixmaterial als Bindemittel bezeichnet werden. Ein Verbundwerkstoff oder Kompositwerkstoff oder Komposit oder Composite oder Compound ist ein Werkstoff, der mindestens zwei Materialien umfasst, wobei sich durch die Mischung neue, vorteilhafte Eigenschaften ergeben. Der Begriff Compound wird vor allem bei Verbundwerkstoffen mit einem Kunststoffanteil verwendet. Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften ergeben sich durch die stofflichen Eigenschaften und die Geometrie der Komponenten, beispielsweise kann ein erstes Material mit seinen stofflichen Eigenschaften eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit bewirken und ein zweites Material stellt sicher, dass der Verbundwerkstoff zusammenhält und nicht in seine Einzelteile zerfällt. A material in composite materials in which other components are embedded is referred to as a matrix material. In this sense, the matrix material can be referred to as a binder. A composite material or composite material or composite or composite or compound is a material which comprises at least two materials, the mixture resulting in new, advantageous properties. The term compound is mainly used for composite materials with a plastic component. The advantageous properties result from the material properties and the geometry of the components, for example a first material with its material properties can bring about a high level of resistance and a second material ensures that the composite material holds together and does not disintegrate into its individual parts.
Neben dem Matrixmaterial umfasst der Verbundwerkstoff den Füllstoff. Als Füllstoffe sind unterschiedliche Materialien bekannt. Allerdings konnte noch kein entsprechendes Material zur Verfügung gestellt werden, das sowohl eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit, gute thermische und akustische Dämmeigenschaften und gleichzeitig gute Dämpfungseigenschaften gegenüber Schwingungen bzw. In addition to the matrix material, the composite material includes the filler. Different materials are known as fillers. However, it has not yet been possible to provide a suitable material that has both good electrical conductivity, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and, at the same time, good damping properties against vibrations or vibrations.
Vibrationen aufweist. Has vibrations.
Heutzutage werden Profile, beispielsweise Profile zur Herstellung von Fenstern aus Aluminium, Kunststoff oder Holz hergestellt. Aluminium wird als Werkstoff wegen der energieintensiven Herstellung zunehmend abgelehnt. Außerdem ist Aluminium ein sehr guter Wärmeleiter und daher zur Dämmung eines Gebäudes grundsätzlich wenig geeignet. Alternativ kann Kunststoff als Profilmaterial genutzt werden, das eine sehr gute Dämmung aufweist. Nowadays, profiles, for example profiles for the production of windows, are made from aluminum, plastic or wood. Aluminum is increasingly being rejected as a material because of its energy-intensive production. In addition, aluminum is a very good conductor of heat and therefore generally unsuitable for insulating a building. Alternatively, plastic can be used as a profile material, which has very good insulation.
Kunststoffe weisen jedoch den Nachteil der nicht umweltfreundlichen Entsorgung auf. Insbesondere Kunststoffe wie PVC (Polyvenylchlorid) sind in der Herstellung und Entsorgung umweltkritisch. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist ihre mangelnde UV- Stabilität.
Der Werkstoff Holz ist nur bei kleinen Abmessungen verzugsstabil. Außerdem muss Holz in regelmäßiger Abfolge durch chemische Anstriche witterungsfest gehalten werden, was umweltbelastend sein kann. Die Lebensdauer von Holz ist trotz regelmäßiger Erhaltungsmaßnahmen begrenzt. However, plastics have the disadvantage that they are not disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. In particular, plastics such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are environmentally critical in their manufacture and disposal. Another disadvantage is their lack of UV stability. The material wood is resistant to distortion only in the case of small dimensions. In addition, wood must be kept weatherproof in regular succession by means of chemical paints, which can be environmentally harmful. Despite regular maintenance measures, the lifespan of wood is limited.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein dem eingangs genannten technischen Gebiet zugehörendes Material zu schaffen, welches im Vergleich zu einem Material aus dem Stand der Technik sowohl eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit, gute thermische und akustische Dämmeigenschaften und gleichzeitig gute Dämpfungseigenschaften gegenüber Schwingungen bzw. Vibrationen aufweist. The object of the invention is to create a material belonging to the technical field mentioned at the beginning which, compared to a material from the prior art, has both good electrical conductivity, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and at the same time good damping properties against oscillations or vibrations.
Als erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, umfassend: ein erstes Material als Matrixmaterial, wobei das erste Material insbesondere Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe umfasst oder insbesondere aus Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe besteht, und ein zweites Material als Füllstoff, wobei der Füllstoff zumindest teilweise Kohlenstoff ist und wobei der Verbundwerkstoff durch Extrusion, Strangpressen Formpressen, Blasformen, Rotationsformen, Gießen, Spritzgießen, Tiefziehen oder Vakuumformen hergestellt ist. As a first embodiment of the invention, a composite material is provided, comprising: a first material as a matrix material, the first material in particular comprising plastic and / or building materials or in particular consisting of plastic and / or building materials, and a second material as a filler, the The filler is at least partially carbon and wherein the composite material is produced by extrusion, extrusion, compression molding, blow molding, rotational molding, casting, injection molding, deep drawing or vacuum molding.
Vorteilhaft bei einem Profil aus Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Biokohlenstoff ist, dass hierdurch umweltproblematische Materialien ersetzt werden können, dass bei Biomasseresten als Rohmaterial die in der Biomasse enthaltene Energie genutzt werden kann, dass bei fossilen Kohlenstoffen keine pyrolytische Aufarbeitung erforderlich ist, dass ein nur geringer Schwund beim Spritzguss/der Extrusion entsteht, dass das Baumaterial UV- und witterungsbeständig ist, dass außerdem eine hohe Wärmedämmung erreicht wird. Außerdem wird eine Kaskadennutzung der Biomassenreste ermöglicht, wodurch sich eine mehrfache ökonomische Wertschöpfung ergibt.
Das erfindungsgemäße Compound kann außerdem mit herkömmlichen mechanischen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Die entstehenden Abfälle aus der Bearbeitung und Entsorgung bei Rückbau sind umweltfreundlich entsorgbar. The advantage of a profile made of carbon, in particular biocarbon, is that environmentally problematic materials can be replaced, that the energy contained in the biomass can be used as raw material in the case of biomass residues, that no pyrolytic processing is required for fossil carbons Injection molding / extrusion ensures that the building material is UV and weather resistant, and that a high level of thermal insulation is also achieved. In addition, a cascade use of the biomass residues is made possible, which results in multiple economic added value. The compound according to the invention can also be produced using conventional mechanical processes. The waste resulting from processing and disposal during dismantling can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner.
Insbesondere weist der Verbundwerkstoff einen Anteil von 10% bis 95%In particular, the composite material has a proportion of 10% to 95%
Kohlenstoff, insbesondere einen Anteil von 30% bis 70% Kohlenstoff, auf. Carbon, in particular a proportion of 30% to 70% carbon.
Als zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundwerkstoffs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zur Verfügung gestellt, umfassend die Schritte: Extrusion, Strangpressen Formpressen, Blasformen, Rotationsformen, Gießen, Spritzgießen, Tiefziehen oder Vakuumformen eines ersten Materials, wobei das erste Material insbesondere Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe, insbesondere Zement, umfasst oder insbesondere aus Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe, insbesondere Zement, besteht, wobei das erste Material als Matrixmaterial wirkt, mit einem zweiten Material, das als Füllstoff wirkt, wobei der Füllstoff Kohlenstoff umfasst. As a second embodiment of the invention, a method for producing the composite material according to one of claims 1 to 8 is provided, comprising the steps: extrusion, extrusion, compression molding, blow molding, rotational molding, casting, injection molding, deep drawing or vacuum molding of a first material, the first Material in particular plastic and / or building materials, in particular cement, comprises or in particular consists of plastic and / or building materials, in particular cement, wherein the first material acts as a matrix material, with a second material which acts as a filler, wherein the filler comprises carbon.
Als dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein Computerprogrammprodukt zur Verfügung gestellt, das ein Softwareprogramm zur Realisierung eines Verbundwerkstoffs aufweist, wobei das Computerprogrammprodukt einen Satz mit Befehlen umfasst, die veranlassen, ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 auszuführen. As a third embodiment of the invention, a computer program product is provided which has a software program for realizing a composite material, the computer program product comprising a set of instructions which cause a method according to claim 9 to be carried out.
Als vierte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein Computerprogramm, durch elektronische Datenübertragung verteilbar, mit Computerprogrammcodemitteln, zur Verfügung gestellt, die so adaptiert sind, dass sie bewirken, dass bei Laden des Programms auf einen Computer dieser die Prozedur nach Anspruch 9 ausführen kann. As a fourth embodiment of the invention, a computer program is provided, distributable by electronic data transmission, with computer program code means which are adapted so that when the program is loaded onto a computer, the latter can carry out the procedure according to claim 9.
Beispielhafte Ausführungsformen werden in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben. Exemplary embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei das erste Material aus folgenden
Stoffen besteht oder diese zumindest umfasst: Zement, Gips, Mörtel, Putzmörtel, Kalkmörtel, Gipsmörtel, Lehmputze, Lehm, tonhaltige Lehme, Tone, Keramik, Glas, Metall, Kunstharz, Naturharz, Silikon, Elastomere, Agarose, Mono- und/oder Polysaccharide. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a composite material is provided, the first material being selected from the following Materials consists of or at least includes: cement, plaster of paris, mortar, plaster mortar, lime mortar, gypsum mortar, clay plaster, loam, clay-containing loams, clays, ceramics, glass, metal, synthetic resin, natural resin, silicone, elastomers, agarose, mono- and / or polysaccharides .
Agarose ist ein Polysaccharid aus Algen. Agarose is a polysaccharide made from algae.
Gemäß einer außerdem beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei der Gewichtsanteil am Füllstoff des Kohlenstoffs zwischen 5% und 95%, insbesondere zwischen 20% und 80%, in ganz besonderem Maße zwischen 30% und 70% ist. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a composite material is made available, the proportion by weight of the filler of carbon being between 5% and 95%, in particular between 20% and 80%, particularly between 30% and 70%.
Gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei das erste Material ein Elastomer, ein Silikon, ein Gummi, eine Duroplaste, eine Thermoplaste, Stärke oder Stärkeblends, eine Polymilchsäure (PLA), eine Polyhydroxybuttersäure (PHB), Celluloseacetate, aus gepressten Blättern der Betelpalme hergestellt, Harze, Saccharid, Polybutylensuccinat (PBS), Cellulosen oder Lignin ist. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a composite material is provided, the first material being an elastomer, a silicone, a rubber, a thermosetting plastic, a thermoplastic, starch or starch blends, a polylactic acid (PLA), a polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), cellulose acetates, made from pressed leaves of the betel palm, resins, saccharide, polybutylene succinate (PBS), celluloses or lignin.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei der Verbundwerkstoff ein drittes Material als Additiv umfasst, wobei das Additiv ein Weichmacher und/oder ein Extender und/oder ein Stabilisator und/oder ein Lichtschutzmittel und/oder ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Farbmittel ist. In a further embodiment according to the invention, a composite material is provided, the composite material comprising a third material as an additive, the additive being a plasticizer and / or an extender and / or a stabilizer and / or a light stabilizer and / or a flame retardant and / or is a colorant.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei der Gewichtsanteil der Additive am Verbundwerkstoff zwischen 0,1% und 10%, insbesondere zwischen 2% und 8%, in ganz besonderem Maße zwischen 3% und 7% ist. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a composite material is provided, the proportion by weight of the additives in the composite material being between 0.1% and 10%, in particular between 2% and 8%, particularly between 3% and 7%.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei das zweite Material ein Biokohlenstoffist.
Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Verbundwerkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei der Verbundwerkstoff ein Profil, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Fenstern, eine extrudierte/gepresste Platte für Möbel, Wände, Böden, ein spritzgegossenes Fassadenelement/eine Dachpfanne, ein spritzgegossener Mauerstein oder ein Pflanztopf ist, wobei der Pflanztopf eine hexagonale Ausformung hat. In a further embodiment of the invention, a composite material is provided, wherein the second material is a biocarbon. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a composite material is provided, the composite material being a profile, in particular for the production of windows, an extruded / pressed plate for furniture, walls, floors, an injection-molded facade element / a roof tile, an injection-molded brick or a Plant pot is, the plant pot has a hexagonal shape.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei die Extrusion bei einer Temperatur zwischen 30° Celsius und 400° Celsius und einem Druck zwischen 0 bar und 500 bar erfolgt. In a further embodiment according to the invention, a method is made available, the extrusion taking place at a temperature between 30 ° Celsius and 400 ° Celsius and a pressure between 0 bar and 500 bar.
Vorteilhafterweise kann das erfindungsgemäße Material zur Herstellung von extrudierten/gepressten Platten für Möbel, Wände, Böden, von spritzgegossenen oder geschäumten Fassadenelementen/Dachpfannen, die umweltkritische, glasierte Ziegelpfannen sowie Platten aus Metall etc. ersetzen, bei Bedarf mit integrierten PV- Modulen und/oder solarthermischen Elementen zur Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energie, von spritzgegossenen Mauersteinen, die ohne Mörtel ein mechanisch über ein Nut- Feder- System verbunden werden oder von Pflanztöpfen, die solche aus umweltkritischen Kunststoffen ersetzen und mit dem Setzling eingepflanzt werden, verwendet werden. The material according to the invention can advantageously be used to manufacture extruded / pressed panels for furniture, walls, floors, injection-molded or foamed facade elements / roof tiles, which replace environmentally critical, glazed tile pans and metal panels, etc., if necessary with integrated PV modules and / or Solar thermal elements for generating renewable energy, injection-molded bricks that are mechanically connected via a tongue-and-groove system without mortar, or plant pots that replace those made of environmentally critical plastics and are planted with the seedling.
Vorteilhafterweise wird das erfindungsgemäße Baumaterial im Boden durch Mikroorganismen abgebaut, insbesondere falls es sich bei dem Matrixmaterial um Biokunststoff handelt. Hierdurch wird der Biokohlenstoff freigegeben und die Grundlage für „Terra Preta“ gebildet. The building material according to the invention is advantageously broken down in the soil by microorganisms, in particular if the matrix material is bioplastic. This releases the biocarbon and forms the basis for "Terra Preta".
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform werden als Matrizenmaterial Baustoffe, insbesondere Zement, verwendet. In a particular embodiment, building materials, in particular cement, are used as the matrix material.
Als eine Idee der Erfindung kann angesehen werden, einen Rohstoff herzustellen, der zu einem erheblichen Anteil aus Kohlenstoff besteht. Hierdurch würde man einen
Rohstoff erhalten, der sich durch gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit, hohe UV- Stabilität, hohe Dämmeigenschaften, insbesondere in thermischer und akustischer Hinsicht auszeichnet. Außerdem werden Schwingungen und Vibrationen durch Kohlenstoff gut gedämpft. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann der Kohlenstoff als Nanopartikel ausgeführt sein, wobei die Größe der Nanopartikel 12pm oder kleiner ist. One idea of the invention can be seen to produce a raw material which consists to a considerable extent of carbon. That would make one Get raw material, which is characterized by good electrical conductivity, high UV stability, high insulation properties, especially in thermal and acoustic terms. In addition, oscillations and vibrations are well dampened by carbon. In an alternative embodiment, the carbon can be in the form of nanoparticles, the size of the nanoparticles being 12 μm or smaller.
Der Rohstoff umfasst erfindungsgemäß Duroplaste, Thermoplaste, Elastomere, Stärke oder Stärkeblends, Polymilchsäure (PLA), Polyhydroxybuttersäure (PHB), Celluloseacetate, Cateringartikel, beispielsweise aus gepressten Blättern der Betelpalme, Harze, Sacharid oder Lignin. Die Matrixbestandteile können einen Gewichtsanteil am fertigen Rohstoff von 5% bis 95% aufweisen. Erfindungsgemäß wird als Füllstoff Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Biokohlenstoff, eingesetzt, wobei der Füllstoff einen Anteil von 95% bis 5% einnehmen kann. According to the invention, the raw material comprises thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics, elastomers, starch or starch blends, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), cellulose acetates, catering articles, for example made from pressed leaves of the betel palm, resins, saccharide or lignin. The matrix components can have a weight fraction of 5% to 95% in the finished raw material. According to the invention, carbon, in particular biocarbon, is used as filler, the filler being able to occupy a proportion of 95% to 5%.
Außerdem kann der erfindungsgemäße Rohstoff Additive aufweisen, die seine Eigenschaften verbessern. Diese Additive können Weichmacher, Extender, Stabilisatoren, Lichtschutzmittel, Flammschutzmittel, Fasermaterialien (natürliche und künstliche), Laminate und/oder Farbmittel sein. Die Additive können einen Gewichtsanteil am fertigen Rohstoff von 0,1% bis 10% Gewichtsanteil aufweisen. In addition, the raw material according to the invention can have additives which improve its properties. These additives can be plasticizers, extenders, stabilizers, light stabilizers, flame retardants, fiber materials (natural and artificial), laminates and / or colorants. The additives can have a weight proportion of 0.1% to 10% weight proportion of the finished raw material.
Der erfindungsgemäße Rohstoff kann durch Urformverfahren, wie Spritzgießen, Extrusion, Kalandrieren, Rotationsformen, Schäumen, Spritzblasformen, Tiefziehen und 3D-Druck hergestellt werden. Außerdem kann der erfindungsgemäße Rohstoff durch Umformen, Schweißen und Kleben verarbeitet und/oder bearbeitet werden. The raw material according to the invention can be produced by primary molding processes such as injection molding, extrusion, calendering, rotational molding, foaming, injection blow molding, deep drawing and 3D printing. In addition, the raw material according to the invention can be processed and / or processed by reshaping, welding and gluing.
Die einzelnen Merkmale können selbstverständlich auch untereinander kombiniert werden, wodurch sich zum Teil auch vorteilhafte Wirkungen einstellen können, die über die Summe der Einzelwirkungen hinausgehen.
KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGEN The individual features can of course also be combined with one another, which in some cases can also have advantageous effects that go beyond the sum of the individual effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele deutlich. Es zeigen Further details and advantages of the invention will become clear on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Schnittdarstellung eines Fensters, 1 shows a perspective sectional view of a window,
Fig. 2 eine Darstellung von Strukturelementen 3, die Pflanzkübel 4 derart halten können, dass eine „senkrechte Pflanzung“ erhalten werden kann, 2 shows a representation of structural elements 3 that can hold planters 4 in such a way that “vertical planting” can be obtained,
Fig. 3 eine Mauer 5, Fig. 3 a wall 5,
Fig. 4 einen Hocker 6 und Fig. 4 shows a stool 6 and
Fig. 5 einen Pflanztopf 7. 5 shows a plant pot 7.
DETAILLIERTE BESCHREIBUNG BEISPIELHAFTER AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMEN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Darstellung eines Fensters, das aus einem erfmdungsgemäßen Profil besteht, wobei das Profil einen Werkstoff mit einem Matrizenmaterial aus Kunststoff und einem Kohlenstoff als Füllstoff aufweist. 1 shows a representation of a window which consists of a profile according to the invention, the profile having a material with a matrix material made of plastic and a carbon as filler.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Darstellung von Strukturelementen 3, die Pflanzkübel 4 derart halten können, dass eine „senkrechte Pflanzung“ erhalten werden kann. Die Strukturelemente 3 und die Pflanzkübel 4 können aus einem erfindungsgemäßem Stoff hergestellt werden, da der erfindungsgemäße Stoff aufgrund der Kohlenstoffpartikel in der Kunststoffmatrix eine sehr hohe Tragfähigkeit und mechanische Belastbarkeit aufweist. FIG. 2 shows a representation of structural elements 3 that can hold planters 4 in such a way that “vertical planting” can be obtained. The structural elements 3 and the planters 4 can be made from a material according to the invention, since the material according to the invention has a very high load-bearing capacity and mechanical strength due to the carbon particles in the plastic matrix.
Fig. 3 eine Mauer 5, die aus einem erfmdungsgemäßen Stoff hergestellt werden kann.
Fig. 4 einen Hocker 6, der aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Stoff hergestellt werden kann. Die Mauer 5 und der Hocker 6 sind im Gebrauch hohen mechanischen Belastbarkeiten ausgesetzt. Der erfindungsgemäße Stoff weist eine hohe mechanische Tragfähigkeit auf und kann daher als Mauerelement 5 und Hocker 6 verwendet werden. 3 shows a wall 5 which can be made from a substance according to the invention. 4 shows a stool 6 which can be made from a fabric according to the invention. The wall 5 and the stool 6 are exposed to high mechanical loads during use. The fabric according to the invention has a high mechanical load-bearing capacity and can therefore be used as a wall element 5 and a stool 6.
Fig. 5 einen Pflanztopf 7, der aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Stoff mit einer Kunststoffmatrix, in die Kohlenstoff eingelagert ist, hergestellt ist. 5 shows a plant pot 7 which is made from a substance according to the invention with a plastic matrix in which carbon is embedded.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform werden Pflanztöpfe 7 zur Aufzucht, zum Transport, zur Lagerung und zum Verkauf von Pflanzen zur Verfügung gestellt. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik bestehen die erfindungsgemäßen Pflanztöpfe 7 nicht aus herkömmlichen, mineralölbasierten, thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, die spritzgegossen, tiefgezogen oder formgeblasen werden. Die Pflanztöpfe des Stands der Technik werden nach dem Kauf vom Nutzer entfernt, da die Pflanze für das Wachstum in ein größeres Gefäß eingebracht werden muss. In a particular embodiment, plant pots 7 are made available for growing, transporting, storing and selling plants. In contrast to the prior art, the plant pots 7 according to the invention do not consist of conventional, mineral oil-based, thermoplastic plastics that are injection-molded, deep-drawn or blow-molded. The prior art plant pots are removed by the user after purchase, since the plant must be placed in a larger container for growth.
Bei den Pflanztöpfen des Stands der Technik ergeben sich weitere Probleme wegen des Verbrauchs an Ressourcen und Energie. Außerdem werden durch Erschließung, Transport, Herstellung und Entsorgung/Recycling ökologisch nachteilige Klimagase erzeugt. Wegen der Anhaftung organischer Substanzen wie Erde und Substrate ist das Recycling aufwändig. Die Reinigung führt zu einem weiteren Verbrauch von Wasser, Chemie und Energie. Aus diesem Grund ist ein Recycling oft nicht sinnvoll und die Pflanztöpfe des Stands der Technik werden im normalen Hausmüll und auf Deponien oder in Müllverbrennungsanlagen entsorgt. With the prior art plant pots, there are further problems because of the consumption of resources and energy. In addition, environmentally harmful greenhouse gases are generated through development, transport, production and disposal / recycling. Because of the adherence of organic substances such as soil and substrates, recycling is time-consuming. The cleaning leads to a further consumption of water, chemicals and energy. For this reason, recycling often does not make sense and the plant pots of the prior art are disposed of with normal household waste and in landfills or in waste incineration plants.
Vorteilhafterweise weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Pflanztöpfe 7 eine Matrix aus Kunststoff und einen Füllstoff aus Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Biokohlenstoff, auf, wobei der Biokohlenstoff aus holzigen Pflanzenresten hergestellt wird. Vorteilhafterweise wird bei der Produktion der Biokohlenstoffe als ein Nebenprodukt erneuerbare Energie erzeugt. Zu den Biokohlenstoffen werden thermoplastische oder
anderen biogene und bioabbaubare Binder zugegeben, wodurch eine Herstellung durch konventionelle Verfahren wie Spritzguss, Tiefziehen oder Formblasen möglich ist. The plant pots 7 according to the invention advantageously have a matrix made of plastic and a filler made of carbon, in particular biocarbon, the biocarbon being produced from woody plant residues. Advantageously, renewable energy is generated as a by-product in the production of the biocarbons. Thermoplastic or other biogenic and biodegradable binders are added, whereby a production by conventional methods such as injection molding, deep drawing or blow molding is possible.
Eine Pflanze kann zusammen mit dem erfmdungsgemäßen Pflanztopf 7 in den Boden oder ein größeres Gefäß eingebracht werden. Durch die Zugabe von Wasser, durch Wärme und durch die Tätigkeit von Mikroorganismen und Bodenpilzen erfolgt ein Abbau des biogenen Binders. Der dadurch freigesetzte Biokohlenstoff ist die Grundlage für den „Superdünger Terra Preta“ und ein Feuchtigkeitsspeicher bzw. Speicher für Mikroorganismen, Feuchtgkeit/Wasser und Nährstoffe, der bis zu dem vierfachen des eigenen Volumens an Wasser binden kann. Vorteilhafterweise ergibt sich dadurch eine effektivere Versorgung der Pflanze, wodurch Wasser gespart werden kann bzw. effektiver als bislang für die Versorgung der Pflanze genutzt werden kann. A plant can be placed in the ground or in a larger vessel together with the plant pot 7 according to the invention. The addition of water, heat and the activity of microorganisms and soil fungi break down the biogenic binder. The biocarbon released as a result is the basis for the "super fertilizer Terra Preta" and a moisture storage or storage for microorganisms, moisture / water and nutrients, which can bind up to four times its own volume of water. This advantageously results in a more effective supply of the plant, as a result of which water can be saved or can be used more effectively than previously for supplying the plant.
Der freiwerdende Biokohlenstoff bindet dauerhaft CO2, da er im Boden nicht verstoffwechselt wird und über unbegrenzte Zeit stabil eingelagert bleibt. Vorteilhafterweise bilden sich natürliche und langfristig wirksame Humusböden.The released biocarbon permanently binds CO2 because it is not metabolized in the soil and remains stable for an unlimited period of time. Advantageously, natural and long-term humus soils are formed.
Der Pflanztopf 7 ist hexagonal ausgeformt, wodurch ein vorhandener Platz für Herstellung, Lagerung und Transport im Vergleich zu runden Töpfen besser genutzt wird. Auch „verzahnen“ sich die Töpfe, was die Stabilität bei Lagerung und Transport verbessert. The plant pot 7 is hexagonal in shape, so that the space available for production, storage and transport is better used in comparison to round pots. The pots also “interlock”, which improves stability during storage and transport.
Die Vorteile des erfmdungsgemäßen Verbundwerkstoffs bestehen darin, dass der Verbundwerkstoffs sich durch eine bessere elektrische Leitfähigkeit, eine bessere Wärmeleitfähigkeit, eine höhere Schwingungsdämpfung, eine bessere UV- Beständigkeit, bessere mechanische Eigenschaften, insbesondere eine höhere Stabilität und Druckfestigkeit, bessere Verarbeitbarkeit und Lebensmittelechtheit auszeichnet. The advantages of the composite material according to the invention are that the composite material is characterized by better electrical conductivity, better thermal conductivity, higher vibration damping, better UV resistance, better mechanical properties, in particular higher stability and compressive strength, better processability and food safety.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform des erfmdungsgemäßen Verbundwerkstoffs werden Fasern zur Erhöhung der Druck-, Zug- und Scherfestigkeit eingebaut,
Als Matrixmaterial wird ein Material in Verbundwerkstoffen bezeichnet, in das andere Bestandteile eingebettet werden. In diesem Sinne kann das Matrixmaterial als Bindemittel bezeichnet werden. Ein Verbundwerkstoff oder Kompositwerkstoff oder Komposit oder Composite oder Compound ist ein Werkstoff, der mindestens zwei Materialien umfasst, wobei sich durch die Mischung neue, vorteilhafte Eigenschaften ergeben. Der Begriff Compound wird vor allem bei Verbundwerkstoffen mit einem Kunststoffanteil verwendet. Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften ergeben sich durch die stofflichen Eigenschaften und die Geometrie der Komponenten, beispielsweise kann ein erstes Material mit seinen stofflichen Eigenschaften eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit bewirken und ein zweites Material stellt sicher, dass der Verbundwerkstoff zusammenhält und nicht in seine Einzelteile zerfällt. Neben dem Matrixmaterial umfasst der Verbundwerkstoff den Füllstoff. Als Füllstoffe sind unterschiedliche Materialien bekannt. Allerdings konnte noch kein entsprechendes Material zur Verfügung gestellt werden, das sowohl eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit, gute thermische und akustische Dämmeigenschaften und gleichzeitig gute Dämpfungseigenschaften gegenüber Schwingungen bzw. Vibrationen, sowie eine hohe UV-Beständigkeit aufweist. In a special embodiment of the composite material according to the invention, fibers are incorporated to increase the compressive, tensile and shear strength, A material in composite materials in which other components are embedded is referred to as a matrix material. In this sense, the matrix material can be referred to as a binder. A composite material or composite material or composite or composite or compound is a material which comprises at least two materials, the mixture resulting in new, advantageous properties. The term compound is mainly used for composite materials with a plastic component. The advantageous properties result from the material properties and the geometry of the components, for example a first material with its material properties can bring about a high level of resistance and a second material ensures that the composite material holds together and does not disintegrate into its individual parts. In addition to the matrix material, the composite material includes the filler. Different materials are known as fillers. However, it has not yet been possible to provide a corresponding material that has both good electrical conductivity, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and, at the same time, good damping properties against oscillations or vibrations, as well as high UV resistance.
Gemäß der Erfindung umfasst das Material von 10 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent eines Martixmaterials. Zudem kann eine Additivkomponente in einer Menge von 0 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent im Material vorhanden sein. According to the invention, the material comprises from 10 to 60 percent by weight of a matrix material. In addition, an additive component can be present in the material in an amount of 0 to 50 percent by weight.
Als Kunststoffmatrixmaterial im Sinne der Anmeldung werden sowohl erdölbasierte als auch biobasierte, bioresistente als auch bioabbaubare Materialien verstanden. Der Anteil an Kunststoffmatrix liegt zwischen 20 und 90 Gewichtsprozenten des erfindungsgemäßen Compounds. Plastic matrix material within the meaning of the application is understood to mean both petroleum-based and bio-based, bioresistant and biodegradable materials. The proportion of plastic matrix is between 20 and 90 percent by weight of the compound according to the invention.
Das erfmdungsgemäße Compound kann ferner mit Natur-, Glas- oder Kunstfasern von 2 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise von 5 bis 35 Gewichtsprozent, besonders bevorzugt von 7 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent versehen werden.
Zudem kann das Material eine Additivkomponente in einer Menge von 0 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent, bevorzugt von 10 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent, besonders bevorzugt von 20 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent umfassen. Eine Additivkomponente muss nicht zwingend im Material vorhanden sein. The compound according to the invention can also be provided with natural, glass or synthetic fibers of 2 to 50 percent by weight, preferably 5 to 35 percent by weight, particularly preferably 7 to 20 percent by weight. In addition, the material can comprise an additive component in an amount from 0 to 50 percent by weight, preferably from 10 to 40 percent by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 30 percent by weight. An additive component does not necessarily have to be present in the material.
Der hohe Kohlenstoffanteil bindet den Kohlenstoff in langlebigen Produkten dauerhaft. Bei kurzlebigen Produkten mit bioabbaubarer Matrix kann das erfindungsgemäße Material nach Gebrauch auch als Kompost verwertet werden. Dies gilt insbesondere für Verpackungsmaterialien, Pflanztöpfe etc. Der Kohlenstoffanteil verbleibt für mehrere hundert Jahre im Boden und führt zu einer wesentlichen Bodenverbesserung (Terra Preta). The high carbon content permanently binds the carbon in long-lasting products. In the case of short-lived products with a biodegradable matrix, the material according to the invention can also be used as compost after use. This applies in particular to packaging materials, plant pots, etc. The carbon content remains in the soil for several hundred years and leads to a significant improvement in the soil (terra preta).
Das erfindungsgemäße abbaubare Material ist aufgrund der verwendeten Komponenten bei Temperaturen ab 120° C flüssig oder zumindest fließfähig. Due to the components used, the degradable material according to the invention is liquid or at least flowable at temperatures from 120 ° C.
Dadurch lässt sich das Material in beliebige Formteile formen. Als "Aushärten" im Sinne der vorliegenden Anmeldung wird der Prozess verstanden, bei dem sich das Material nach der Erzeugung des Formteils durch chemische Prozesse oder durch Abbindeprozesse verfestigt. Das Aushärten beginnt unmittelbar nach dem Spritzprozess, Extrudieren, Pressen, Formen oder Drucken des Formteils und dauert an, bis das aus dem Material hergestellte Formteil in sich formstabil ist. This allows the material to be shaped into any desired shape. “Curing” in the context of the present application is understood to be the process in which the material solidifies after the production of the molded part by chemical processes or by setting processes. Curing begins immediately after the injection molding process, extrusion, pressing, molding or printing of the molded part and continues until the molded part made from the material is inherently dimensionally stable.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Verbundwerkstoff ein erstes Material als Matrixmaterial auf, das aus den folgenden Stoffen besteht oder diese zumindest umfasst: Zement, Gips, Mörtel, Putzmörtel, Kalkmörtel, Gipsmörtel, Lehmputze, Lehm, tonhaltige Lehme, Tone, Keramik, Glas, Metall, Kunstharz, Naturharz, Silikon, Elastomere, Agarose, Mono- und/oder Polysaccharide. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the composite material has a first material as matrix material, which consists of or at least comprises the following substances: cement, gypsum, mortar, plastering mortar, lime mortar, gypsum mortar, clay plaster, loam, clay-containing loams, clays, ceramics, Glass, metal, synthetic resin, natural resin, silicone, elastomers, agarose, mono- and / or polysaccharides.
Agarose ist ein Polysaccharid aus Algen. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei der Agarose um ein Polysaccharid aus D-Galactose und 3,6-Anhydro-L-Galactose, die glycosidisch miteinander verbunden sind.
Es sei angemerkt, dass der Begriff „umfassen“ weitere Elemente oder Verfahrensschritte nicht ausschließt, ebenso wie der Begriff „ein“ und „eine“ mehrere Elemente und Schritte nicht ausschließt. Die verwendeten Bezugszeichen dienen lediglich zur Erhöhung der Verständlichkeit und sollen keinesfalls als einschränkend betrachtet werden, wobei der Schutzbereich der Erfindung durch die Ansprüche wiedergegeben wird.
Agarose is a polysaccharide made from algae. In particular, the agarose is a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which are glycosidically linked to one another. It should be noted that the term “comprise” does not exclude further elements or method steps, just as the term “a” and “an” does not exclude several elements and steps. The reference symbols used only serve to increase the understanding and are in no way to be regarded as restrictive, the scope of protection of the invention being reproduced by the claims.
LISTE DER BEZUGSZEICHEN LIST OF REFERENCES
1 Glasscheibe eines Fensters1 pane of glass from a window
2 Profil als Rahmen des Fensters 3 Gitter 2 profile as the frame of the window 3 grids
4 Pflanzkübel 4 planters
5 Mauer 5 wall
6 Hocker 6 stools
7 Pflanztopf
7 plant pot
Claims
1. Verbundwerkstoff umfassend: ein erstes Material als Matrixmaterial, wobei das erste Material insbesondere Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe umfasst oder insbesondere aus Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe besteht, und ein zweites Material als Füllstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Füllstoff zumindest teilweise Kohlenstoff ist und wobei der Verbundwerkstoff durch Extrusion, Strangpressen Formpressen, Blasformen, Rotationsformen, Gießen, Spritzgießen, Tiefziehen oder Vakuumformen hergestellt ist. 1. Composite material comprising: a first material as matrix material, the first material in particular comprising plastic and / or building materials or in particular consisting of plastic and / or building materials, and a second material as filler, characterized in that the filler is at least partially carbon and wherein the composite material is produced by extrusion, extrusion, compression molding, blow molding, rotational molding, casting, injection molding, deep drawing or vacuum molding.
2. Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Material aus folgenden Stoffen besteht oder diese zumindest umfasst: Zement, Gips, Mörtel, Putzmörtel, Kalkmörtel, Gipsmörtel, Lehmputze, Lehm, tonhaltige Lehme, Tone, Keramik, Glas, Metall, Kunstharz, Naturharz, Silikon, Elastomere, Agarose, Mono- und/oder Polysaccharide. 2. Composite material according to claim 1, wherein the first material consists of the following substances or at least comprises these: cement, gypsum, mortar, plaster mortar, lime mortar, gypsum mortar, clay plaster, loam, clay-containing loams, clays, ceramics, glass, metal, synthetic resin, natural resin , Silicone, elastomers, agarose, mono- and / or polysaccharides.
3. Verbundwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei der Gewichtsanteil am Füllstoff des Kohlenstoffs zwischen 5% und 95%, insbesondere zwischen 20% und 80%, in ganz besonderem Maße zwischen 30% und 70% ist. 3. Composite material according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the proportion by weight of the filler of the carbon is between 5% and 95%, in particular between 20% and 80%, particularly between 30% and 70%.
4. Verbundwerkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das erste Material ein Elastomer, ein Silikon, ein Gummi, eine Duroplaste, eine Thermoplaste, Stärke oder Stärkeblends, eine Polymilchsäure (PLA), eine Polyhydroxybuttersäure (PHB), Celluloseacetate, aus gepressten Blättern der Betelpalme hergestellt, Harze, Saccharid, Polybutylensuccinat (PBS), Cellulosen oder Lignin ist. 4. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first material is an elastomer, a silicone, a rubber, a thermosetting plastic, a thermoplastic, starch or starch blends, a polylactic acid (PLA), a polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), cellulose acetates, from pressed sheets of the Betel palm is made from resins, saccharide, polybutylene succinate (PBS), celluloses or lignin.
5. Verbundwerkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Verbundwerkstoff ein drittes Material als Additiv umfasst, wobei das Additiv ein Weichmacher und/oder ein Extender und/oder ein Stabilisator und/oder ein Lichtschutzmittel und/oder ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Farbmittel ist.
5. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite material comprises a third material as an additive, the additive being a plasticizer and / or an extender and / or a stabilizer and / or a light stabilizer and / or a flame retardant and / or a colorant .
6. Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Gewichtsanteil der Additive am Verbundwerkstoff zwischen 0,1% und 10%, insbesondere zwischen 2% und 8%, in ganz besonderem Maße zwischen 3% und 7% ist. 6. The composite material according to claim 5, wherein the proportion by weight of the additives in the composite material is between 0.1% and 10%, in particular between 2% and 8%, particularly between 3% and 7%.
7. Verbundwerkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das zweite Material ein Biokohlenstoffist. The composite of any preceding claim, wherein the second material is a biocarbon.
8. Verbundwerkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Verbundwerkstoff ein Profil, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Fenstern, eine extrudierte/gepresste Platte für Möbel, Wände, Böden, ein spritzgegossenes Fassadenelement/eine Dachpfanne, ein spritzgegossener Mauerstein oder ein Pflanztopf ist, wobei der Pflanztopf eine hexagonale Ausformung hat. 8. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite material is a profile, in particular for the production of windows, an extruded / pressed plate for furniture, walls, floors, an injection-molded facade element / a roof tile, an injection-molded brick or a plant pot, wherein the Plant pot has a hexagonal shape.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundwerkstoffs nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfassend die Schritte: 9. A method for producing the composite material according to any one of the preceding claims comprising the steps:
Extrusion, Strangpressen Formpressen, Blasformen, Rotationsformen, Gießen, Spritzgießen, Tiefziehen oder Vakuumformen eines ersten Materials, wobei das erste Material insbesondere Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe, insbesondere Zement, umfasst oder insbesondere aus Kunststoff und/oder Baustoffe, insbesondere Zement, besteht, wobei das erste Material als Matrixmaterial wirkt, mit einem zweiten Material, das als Füllstoff wirkt, wobei der Füllstoff Kohlenstoff umfasst und/oder wobei die Extrusion bei einer Temperatur zwischen 30° Celsius und 400° Celsius und einem Druck zwischen 0 bar und 500 bar erfolgt. Extrusion, extrusion, compression molding, blow molding, rotational molding, casting, injection molding, deep drawing or vacuum molding of a first material, the first material in particular comprising plastic and / or building materials, in particular cement, or in particular consisting of plastic and / or building materials, in particular cement, where the first material acts as a matrix material, with a second material that acts as a filler, the filler comprising carbon and / or the extrusion taking place at a temperature between 30 ° Celsius and 400 ° Celsius and a pressure between 0 bar and 500 bar.
10. Computerprogrammprodukt, das ein Softwareprogramm zur Realisierung eines Verbundwerkstoffs aufweist, wobei das Computerprogrammprodukt einen Satz mit Befehlen umfasst, die veranlassen, ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 auszuführen.
10. A computer program product having a software program for realizing a composite material, the computer program product comprising a set of instructions which cause a method according to claim 9 to be carried out.
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EP20704282.1A EP4073018A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-07 | Carbon as filler for a carrier matrix |
DE102020132935.0A DE102020132935A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-12-10 | Thermosolar elements and carbon as a filler for a carrier matrix |
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CN116462465A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-07-21 | 湖北工业大学 | Betel nut shell fiber reinforced cement mortar and preparation method thereof |
WO2024033294A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Made Of Air Gmbh | Composite material based on charcoal and polymer binder |
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DE102015223238A1 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-24 | Sgl Carbon Se | Plastic component with carbon filler |
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CH706380A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-15 | Fluid Solids Ag C O Studio Beat Karrer | A degradable material from biological components. |
DE102013108102A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-01-29 | Stefan Hamel | A method for producing a mixture of biomass fibers and at least one plastic for the production of a composite material, mixture of biomass fibers and at least one plastic produced by the method and composite material produced from the mixture |
DE102015223238A1 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-24 | Sgl Carbon Se | Plastic component with carbon filler |
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WO2024033294A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Made Of Air Gmbh | Composite material based on charcoal and polymer binder |
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