WO2021110078A1 - 一种电动工具及其能量存储装置 - Google Patents

一种电动工具及其能量存储装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021110078A1
WO2021110078A1 PCT/CN2020/133500 CN2020133500W WO2021110078A1 WO 2021110078 A1 WO2021110078 A1 WO 2021110078A1 CN 2020133500 W CN2020133500 W CN 2020133500W WO 2021110078 A1 WO2021110078 A1 WO 2021110078A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage device
battery cells
battery
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/133500
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张煜
焦石平
Original Assignee
苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 filed Critical 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority to DE212020000775.6U priority Critical patent/DE212020000775U1/de
Publication of WO2021110078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021110078A1/zh
Priority to US17/833,853 priority patent/US20220328936A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/835—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes
    • A01D34/90—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes for carrying by the operator
    • A01D34/902—Ergonomic provisions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/416—Flexible line cutters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/76—Driving mechanisms for the cutters
    • A01D34/78—Driving mechanisms for the cutters electric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/82—Other details
    • A01D34/824—Handle arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the field of electric tools, in particular to an energy storage device carrying high energy density and an electric tool thereof.
  • Power tools include at least the following two categories according to their energy types: one type of fuel tools powered by fuel (such as gasoline); the other type of DC power tools powered by a DC power source.
  • DC power tools can basically replace fuel tools.
  • high-power area such as greater than 1200W
  • high-power tools require DC power supplies to provide sufficient power output.
  • battery packs usually only provide power between 400W and 1100W, which cannot meet the power requirements of high-power tools.
  • high-power fuel tools also have their own obvious disadvantages. They are noisy when they work, the exhaust gas generated pollutes the environment, and the weight of the whole machine is heavier.
  • one of the existing solutions uses multiple battery cells in series to make the output voltage of the battery pack larger. Due to the discharge capacity (20A) and capacity limit (3Ah) of the battery pack, The output voltage of battery packs connected in series is above 60V, which may cause danger to operators if the voltage exceeds the safety voltage.
  • the problem to be solved by the present utility model is to provide a new large-capacity energy storage device to solve the existing technical problems and broaden the application range of the energy storage device.
  • An energy storage device includes a housing, a first matching port for detachably mating with a second matching port on an electric tool, a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the energy storage device further includes a battery unit, the The battery unit is housed in the housing, the battery unit includes a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are connected in series, the allowable output power of the energy storage device is greater than 1200W, and the voltage of the plurality of battery cells in series Not higher than 60V.
  • the voltage of the multiple battery cells in series is between 40V-60V
  • the output power of the energy storage device is between 1200W-1800W
  • the power-to-volume ratio of the energy storage device is 3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3 between.
  • the battery unit includes at least 10 battery cells, the output power of the energy storage device is between 1200W and 1400W, and the volume of the battery unit is greater than 300 cm3.
  • the number of the battery cells is 10, the allowable discharge current of the battery cells is not less than 30A, the battery cells are arranged in two upper and lower layers, and the upper and lower layers are arranged in parallel with 5 respectively.
  • the center axis of the upper battery cell is aligned with the center axis of the battery cell corresponding to the lower layer.
  • the battery unit includes at least 12 battery cells, the output power of the energy storage device is between 1400W and 1600W, and the volume of the battery unit is greater than 370cm3
  • the number of the battery cells is 12, the allowable discharge current of the battery cells is not less than 30A, and the battery cells are arranged in three layers, the upper, middle and lower layers, respectively.
  • the battery cells arranged side by side are arranged, and the central axes of the battery cells corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower layers are aligned with each other.
  • the battery unit includes at least 14 battery cells, the output power of the energy storage device is between 1600W and 1800W, and the volume of the battery unit is greater than 430 cm 3.
  • the number of the battery cells is 14, the allowable discharge current of the battery cells is not less than 30A, the battery cells are arranged in two upper and lower layers, and the upper and lower layers are arranged in parallel with 7 respectively.
  • the center axis of the upper battery cell is aligned with the center axis of the battery cell corresponding to the lower layer.
  • An electric tool includes a main body of the electric tool and an energy storage device for supplying power to the main body.
  • the main body of the electric tool includes: a motor that obtains electric energy from the energy storage device to output rotational movement; and a second matching interface, which is connected to the energy storage device It is connected to obtain electric energy; the energy storage device is the energy storage device described in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electric tool is an outdoor electric tool.
  • the beneficial effects of the utility model are: the energy storage device of the utility model allows the output power to be greater than 1200W, the battery cells are connected in series, and the voltage of multiple battery cells in series Not higher than 60V, can provide larger output power, meet the power requirements of high-power tools, and at the same time, avoid parallel connection between battery cells, there is a risk of high-voltage battery cells charging low-voltage battery cells, and The requirements for electric tools are lower, which saves costs.
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an electric tool according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device of the electric tool shown in FIG. 1;
  • 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams of the arrangement of battery cells in an energy storage device formed by connecting 18650 battery cells in parallel;
  • 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams of the arrangement of battery cells in an energy storage device formed by connecting 21700 battery cells in series.
  • an element when considered to be “connected” to another element, it may be directly connected to another element, or a central element may exist at the same time, or it may be electrically connected to another element.
  • the electric tool mentioned in the utility model can be a lawn mower or a sweeper.
  • the electric tool includes an energy storage device, two energy storage devices or multiple energy storage devices (the number of energy storage devices depends on the application and the tool type). Depends).
  • Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the electric tool according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electric tool includes an electric tool main body 10 and an energy storage device 20.
  • the energy storage device 20 is detachably mounted to the power tool main body 10 to provide energy for the power tool main body 10.
  • the electric tool 10 further includes an auxiliary handle 12.
  • the energy storage device 20 includes a first housing 21, a battery cell contained in the first housing 21, and a first matching port 22 provided on the first housing 21, which is provided in the first housing 21.
  • the positive terminal 221 and the negative terminal 222 in a matching interface 22, the positive terminal 221 and the negative terminal 222 are respectively connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the electric tool, and output electric energy to the outside.
  • the energy storage device 20 includes a plurality of battery cells, which are electrically connected to each other.
  • the power tool main body 10 includes a second housing 11, a motor housed in the second housing, and a second mating port that is detachably mated with the first mating port 22 of the energy storage device 20.
  • a third pole piece and a fourth pole piece are arranged in the second matching port, which are respectively electrically connected to the positive terminal 221 and the negative terminal 222 of the energy storage device 20, and obtain electric energy from the energy storage device 20 to provide energy for the rotation of the motor.
  • the energy storage device 20 is also equipped with a lock structure.
  • the energy storage device 20 After the energy storage device 20 is correctly installed on the electric tool 10 through a sliding rail, the energy storage device is locked by the lock structure to prevent it from detaching. The energy storage device 20 needs to be removed. At this time, the lock structure needs to be triggered to make it in the unlocked state, and then the energy storage device 20 is pulled out.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device of the first preferred embodiment of the electric tool.
  • the energy storage device 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 200, the plurality of battery cells 200 are lithium ion battery cells 200, and the plurality of battery cells 200 are connected in series to form the energy storage device 20.
  • the energy storage device 20 is also provided with a circuit board, an electrode sheet arranged on the circuit board for electrically connecting with the battery cell 200, and a connecting sheet for connecting two adjacent battery cells 200 in series.
  • the output power of the energy storage device 20 depends on the product of the output voltage after the battery cells 200 are connected in series and the allowable average discharge current.
  • the output voltage depends on the rated voltage of a single battery cell 200 and the number of battery cells 200 connected in series
  • the allowable average discharge current depends on the allowable average discharge current of a single battery cell 200 and the number of battery cells 200 connected in parallel.
  • the rated power of the electric tool 10 is 1200W.
  • the meaning of rated power is rated input power.
  • the output power of the energy storage device 20 needs to reach 1200W.
  • an energy storage device 20 composed of 18650 battery cells 200 is used to provide electrical energy for the tool.
  • the battery cell of the existing energy storage device 20 is the 18650 battery cell 200.
  • the energy storage device 20 includes 15 18650 battery cells connected in series.
  • the body 200 constitutes a battery unit, and the energy storage device 20 is composed of one battery cell 200, that is, the energy storage device is composed of 15 18650 battery cells 200 connected in series.
  • the electric energy of the energy storage device 20 is respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the electric tool through the positive terminal 221 and the negative terminal 222 to provide electric power to the electric tool.
  • the average discharge current of the 18650 battery cell 200 is 20A, the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell, the weight is 45g/Cell, the diameter is 18mm, and the height is 65mm.
  • the 15 battery cells 200 in the energy storage device are divided into 3 groups, each group of 5 battery cells 200, and the 3 groups of battery cells 200 are arranged in three layers: top, middle and bottom.
  • the energy storage device 20 is composed of 15 18650 battery cells 200 connected in series, and the output voltage of the energy storage device reaches 60V, which exceeds the safety voltage, and there is a safety risk. And after being connected to the tool, the electrical isolation requirements of the power tool will be increased, and the design of the tool will also be improved.
  • the energy storage device includes 16 battery cells. The 16 battery cells form two sets of battery cells. Connected in parallel, each group of battery cells includes 8 battery cells, and the 8 battery cells are connected in series with each other. With reference to FIGS.
  • the energy storage device 20 includes 16 battery cells 200, of which two upper and lower battery cells 200 are connected in parallel to form a battery pack, and the 16 battery cells 200 form a total of 8 battery packs.
  • the battery packs are connected in series to form an energy storage device 20.
  • the energy storage device 20 further includes a positive terminal 221 and a negative terminal 222 respectively electrically connected to the third pole piece and the fourth pole piece in the power tool body 10 to provide electrical energy for the power tool body .
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device 20 is 32V
  • the two groups of battery cells in the energy storage device 20 are arranged in two layers, each with 8 battery cells 200.
  • the energy storage device 20 is composed of 16 18650 battery cells 200.
  • the battery cells 200 are connected in parallel, and the output voltage after the parallel connection is 32V, which is less than 60V.
  • the tool is electrically isolated.
  • mutual charging risk because the two sets of battery cells are connected in parallel, when the voltages between the two sets of battery cells are inconsistent, there will be a risk of high-voltage battery cells charging low-voltage battery cells, referred to as mutual charging risk.
  • the greater the pressure difference the greater the charging current.
  • the high current damages the charged battery cell and the discharged battery cell greatly, and may even cause danger.
  • the utility model provides a kind of energy
  • the energy storage device includes a battery unit, the battery unit includes a plurality of 21700 battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are connected in series.
  • the battery unit includes 10 battery cells 200, and the 10 battery cells 200 are connected in series.
  • the battery unit also includes a circuit board, an electrode sheet arranged on the circuit board for electrically connecting with the battery cell 200, and a connecting sheet for connecting two adjacent battery cells 200 in series.
  • the 21700 battery cell 200 has an average discharge current of 30A, a full charge voltage of 4.0V/Cell, a weight of 70g/Cell, a diameter of 21mm, and a height of 70mm.
  • each battery cell 200 is divided into two groups, each group of 5 battery cells 200, the two groups of battery cells 200 are arranged in two layers, each battery cell 200 has a length along the length A horizontal center axis and a center axis perpendicular to the horizontal center axis, wherein the horizontal center axis of the first battery cell 200 is arranged on the first plane 23, and the horizontal center axis of the second battery cell 200 is arranged on the second plane 24, wherein the first plane 23 and the second plane 24 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • each battery cell 200 of the first group is aligned with the central axis of the battery cell 200 corresponding to the second group, for example, the central axis of the first battery cell 200 in the first group of battery cells 200 It is aligned with the central axis of the first battery cell 200 of the second group, and the central axis of the second battery cell 200 in the first group of battery cells 200 is aligned with the central axis of the second battery cell 200 of the second group. Aligned, according to a one-to-one correspondence, the central axis of the first group of battery cells 200 correspond to the central axis of the corresponding second group of battery cells 200 respectively.
  • the energy storage device 20 of the above embodiment includes 10 battery cells 200, the 10 battery cells 200 are connected in series with each other, and the output voltage is 40V, which does not exceed the safety voltage, and can meet the requirements of output power. In series, there is no risk of mutual charging, which not only meets the requirements of output power, but also avoids battery damage.
  • the energy storage device with a battery cell of 21700 is referred to as the first energy storage device
  • the energy storage device with a battery cell of 18650 is referred to as the second energy storage device.
  • Table 1 that providing basically the same output power (1200W)
  • the battery cells of the first energy storage device are connected in series to avoid the damage to the battery cells caused by the mutual charging current between the parallel battery cells.
  • the package time is longer than the second energy storage device, so that the electric tool equipped with the first energy device has a longer working time, and the power-to-weight ratio of the first energy storage device is less than the power-to-weight ratio of the second energy storage device.
  • the storage device does not increase the weight of the energy storage device while ensuring high power, which is beneficial to the portable design of the electric tool.
  • the power-to-volume ratio of the first energy storage device is between 3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3, and the volume of the first energy storage device will not increase significantly while ensuring that the first energy storage device outputs high power. Conducive to the compact design of electric tools.
  • the rated power of the electric tool 10 is 1400W.
  • the meaning of rated power is rated input power.
  • the output power of the energy storage device needs to reach 1400W.
  • an energy storage device 20 composed of 18650 battery cells 200 is used to provide electrical energy for the tool.
  • the battery cell of the existing energy storage device is 18650 battery cells.
  • the energy storage device includes 18 18650 battery cells connected in series.
  • Battery unit the energy storage device is composed of one battery unit, that is, the energy storage device is composed of 18 18650 battery cells connected in series.
  • the electric energy of the energy storage device is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the electric tool through the positive terminal and the negative terminal, respectively, to provide electric power to the electric tool.
  • the average discharge current of the 18650 battery cell is 20A, the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell, the weight is 45g/Cell, the diameter is 18mm, and the height is 65mm.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device is 72V
  • the width is 65mm
  • the energy storage device 20 is composed of 18 18650 battery cells in series, and the output voltage of the energy storage device reaches 60V, which exceeds the safe voltage, and there is a safety risk. And after being connected to the tool, the electrical isolation requirements of the power tool will be increased, and the design of the tool will also be improved.
  • the energy storage device includes 18 battery cells.
  • the 18 battery cells form three battery cells, and each battery cell includes 6 cells. Section 18650 battery cells connected in series with each other, and the three battery cells are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device is 24V
  • the 18 battery cells in the energy storage device are arranged in three upper and lower layers, and 6 battery cells are arranged on each layer.
  • the width is 65mm
  • the energy storage device is composed of 18 18650 battery cells and three battery cells are connected in parallel.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device composed of the parallel battery cells is 32V, which is less than 60V, which conforms to the operator. It is required for safety and does not need to be electrically isolated for power tools.
  • the two sets of battery cells are connected in parallel, when the voltage between the two sets of battery cells is inconsistent, there will be high-voltage battery cells charging low-voltage battery cells Risk, referred to as mutual charge risk.
  • the greater the pressure difference the greater the charging current. The high current damages the charged battery cell and the discharged battery cell greatly, and may even cause danger.
  • the utility model provides a kind of energy
  • the energy storage device includes a battery unit, the battery unit includes a plurality of 21700 battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are connected in series.
  • the battery unit includes 12 21700 battery cells, and the energy storage device is composed of one battery unit, that is, the energy storage device includes 12 21700 battery cells connected in series.
  • the battery unit also includes a circuit board, an electrode sheet arranged on the circuit board for electrically connecting with the battery cell, and a connecting sheet for connecting two adjacent battery cells in series.
  • the average discharge current of 21700 battery cells is 30A
  • the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell
  • the weight is 70g/Cell
  • the diameter is 21mm
  • the height is 70mm.
  • the 12 battery cells in the energy storage device are divided into three groups, each of which has 4 battery cells.
  • the three groups of battery cells are arranged in three layers, each of which has a horizontal central axis and a horizontal axis along the length.
  • the horizontal center axis of the body is arranged on a third plane, wherein the first plane, the second plane and the third plane are arranged parallel to each other, and the three planes are all arranged parallel to the base plane.
  • the central axis of each battery cell of the first group is aligned with the central axis of the corresponding battery cell of the second and third groups.
  • the central axis of the first battery cell in the first group of battery cells is aligned with the central axis of the first battery cell in the first group.
  • the central axis of the first battery cell of the two groups is aligned with the central axis of the first battery cell of the third group at the same time.
  • the central axis of the second battery cell of the first group of battery cells is aligned with that of the second battery cell.
  • the central axis of the second battery cell of the group is aligned with the central axis of the second battery cell of the third group at the same time. According to a one-to-one correspondence, the central axis of the first battery cell is corresponding to each other.
  • the central axis of the second group and the third group of battery cells correspond to each other.
  • the energy storage device is cylindrical, and the central axes of the upper and lower battery cells are aligned with each other.
  • the energy storage device 20 of the third embodiment above includes 12 battery cells, the 12 battery cells are connected in series with each other, the output voltage is 48V, which does not exceed the safety voltage, and can meet the output power requirements, and multiple battery cells are connected in series. , There is no risk of mutual charging, which not only meets the requirements of output power, but also avoids battery damage.
  • the battery cells of the first energy storage device are connected in series to avoid the damage to the battery cells caused by the mutual charging current between the parallel battery cells.
  • the package time is longer than the second energy storage device, and the power-to-weight ratio of the first energy storage device is less than the power-to-weight ratio of the second energy storage device.
  • the first energy storage device will not increase the energy storage device while ensuring high power
  • the weight is conducive to the light design of the power tool.
  • the power-to-volume ratio of the first energy storage device is between 3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3, and the volume of the first energy storage device will not increase significantly while ensuring that the first energy storage device outputs high power. Conducive to the compact design of electric tools.
  • the rated power of the electric tool 10 when the rated power of the electric tool 10 is 1600W.
  • the meaning of rated power is rated input power.
  • the output power of the energy storage device needs to reach 1600W.
  • an energy storage device 20 composed of 18650 battery cells 200 is used to provide electrical energy for the tool.
  • the battery cell of the existing energy storage device is 18650 battery cells.
  • the energy storage device includes 20 18650 battery cells, and 20 battery cells are mutually connected.
  • a battery unit is formed in series, and the energy storage device is composed of a battery unit, that is, the energy storage device is composed of 20 18650 battery cells connected in series.
  • the average discharge current of the 18650 battery cell is 20A
  • the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell
  • the weight is 45g/Cell
  • the diameter is 18mm
  • the height is 65mm.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device is 80V
  • the energy storage device 20 is composed of 18 18650 battery cells in series, and the output voltage of the energy storage device reaches 60V, which exceeds the safe voltage, and there is a safety risk. And after being connected to the tool, the electrical isolation requirements of the power tool are increased, and the design of the tool must be improved.
  • the energy storage device includes 21 battery cells.
  • the 21 battery cells form three battery cells, and each battery cell includes 7 cells. Section 18650 battery cells connected in series with each other, and the three battery cells are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the 21 battery cells in the energy storage device are arranged in three layers: upper, middle and lower, and each layer is arranged with 1 battery unit, that is, 7 battery cells.
  • the width is 65mm
  • the volume ratio of the power of the energy storage device 1680w / 442.26cm 3 3.799w / cm 3.
  • the energy storage device is composed of 21 18650 battery cells and three battery cells are connected in parallel.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device composed of parallel battery cells is 28V, which is less than 60V, which is in line with the operator. It is required for safety and does not need to be electrically isolated for power tools.
  • the two sets of battery cells are connected in parallel, when the voltage between the two sets of battery cells is inconsistent, there will be high-voltage battery cells charging low-voltage battery cells Risk, referred to as mutual charge risk.
  • the greater the pressure difference the greater the charging current. The high current damages the charged battery cell and the discharged battery cell greatly, and may even cause danger.
  • the utility model provides an energy The storage device, the energy storage device includes a battery unit, the battery unit includes a plurality of 21700 battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are connected in series.
  • the energy storage device includes 14 21700 battery cells connected in series.
  • the 14 battery cells form a battery unit.
  • the energy storage device includes one battery unit, that is, the energy storage unit includes 14 Section 21700 battery cells connected in series.
  • the average discharge current of the 21700 battery cell is 30A
  • the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell
  • the weight is 70g/Cell
  • the diameter is 21mm
  • the height is 70mm.
  • the 14 battery cells in the energy storage device are divided into two groups, each of which has 7 battery cells.
  • the two groups of battery cells are arranged in upper and lower layers.
  • Each battery cell has a horizontal central axis and a horizontal axis along the length direction.
  • the central axis is perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the horizontal central axis of the first group of battery cells is arranged on a first plane, and the horizontal central axis of the second group of battery cells is arranged on a second plane, wherein the first plane and the second plane
  • the two planes are arranged parallel to each other, and the two planes are arranged parallel to the base plane.
  • the central axis of each battery cell of the first group is aligned with the central axis of the corresponding battery cell of the second group.
  • the central axis of the first battery cell in the first group of battery cells is aligned with that of the second group of battery cells.
  • the central axis of one battery cell is aligned, and the central axis of the second battery cell in the first group of battery cells is aligned with the central axis of the second battery cell in the second group.
  • the first The central axes of a group of battery cells respectively correspond to the central axes of the corresponding second group of battery cells.
  • the volume ratio of the power of the energy storage device 1680w / 432.18cm 3 3.887w / cm 3.
  • the energy storage device of the third embodiment above includes 14 battery cells, the 14 battery cells are connected in series with each other, the output voltage is 56V, which does not exceed the safety voltage, can meet the output power requirements, and multiple battery cells are connected in series. There is also no risk of mutual charging, which not only meets the requirements of output power, but also avoids battery damage.
  • the battery cells of the first energy storage device are connected in series to avoid the damage to the battery cells caused by the mutual charging current between the parallel battery cells.
  • the package time is longer than the second energy storage device, and the power-to-weight ratio of the first energy storage device is less than the power-to-weight ratio of the second energy storage device.
  • the first energy storage device will not increase the energy storage device while ensuring high power
  • the weight is conducive to the light design of the power tool.
  • the power-to-volume ratio of the first energy storage device is between 3.8w/cm 3 -4.0w/cm 3 , and the volume of the first energy storage device will not be greatly increased while ensuring that the first energy storage device outputs high power. The increase is conducive to the compact design of electric tools.
  • the rated power of the electric tool 10 is 1800W.
  • the meaning of rated power is rated input power.
  • the output power of the energy storage device needs to reach 1800W.
  • an energy storage device 20 composed of 18650 battery cells 200 is used to provide electrical energy for the tool.
  • the battery cell of the existing energy storage device is 18650 battery cell.
  • the capacity storage device includes 23 18650 battery cells, 23 battery cells mutually A battery unit is formed in series, and the energy storage device is composed of a battery unit, that is, the energy storage device is composed of 23 18650 battery cells connected in series.
  • the average discharge current of the 18650 battery cell is 20A
  • the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell
  • the weight is 45g/Cell
  • the diameter is 18mm
  • the height is 65mm.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device is 92V
  • the energy storage device 20 is composed of 23 18650 battery cells connected in series, and the output voltage of the energy storage device reaches 92V, which exceeds the safe voltage, and there is a safety risk. And after being connected to the tool, the electrical isolation requirements of the power tool will be increased, and the design of the tool will also be improved.
  • the energy storage device includes 24 battery cells.
  • the 24 battery cells form three battery cells, and each battery cell includes 8 cells. Section 18650 battery cells connected in series with each other, and the three battery cells are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the 24 battery cells in the energy storage device are arranged in three layers: upper, middle and lower, and each battery plane is arranged with 8 battery cells, and the three planes are all arranged parallel to the base surface.
  • the width is 65mm
  • the energy storage device is composed of 24 18650 battery cells to form three battery cells, and the three battery cells are connected in parallel.
  • the output voltage of the energy storage device composed of the parallel battery cells is 32V, which is less than 60V, which conforms to the operator. It is required for safety and does not need to be electrically isolated for power tools.
  • the two sets of battery cells are connected in parallel, when the voltage between the two sets of battery cells is inconsistent, there will be high-voltage battery cells charging low-voltage battery cells Risk, referred to as mutual charge risk.
  • the greater the pressure difference the greater the charging current. The high current damages the charged battery cell and the discharged battery cell greatly, and may even cause danger.
  • the utility model provides a kind of energy
  • the energy storage device includes a battery unit, the battery unit includes a plurality of 21700 battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are connected in series.
  • the energy storage device includes 15 21700 battery cells connected in series, and 15 battery cells form one battery unit.
  • the energy storage device includes one battery unit, that is, the energy storage unit includes 15 Section 21700 battery cells connected in series.
  • the average discharge current of 21700 battery cells is 30A
  • the full charge voltage is 4.0V/Cell
  • the weight is 70g/Cell
  • the diameter is 21mm
  • the height is 70mm.
  • the 15 battery cells in the energy storage device are divided into three groups, each of which has 5 battery cells.
  • the three groups of battery cells are arranged in three layers: the upper, the middle and the lower.
  • Each battery cell has a horizontal central axis along the length and A central axis perpendicular to the horizontal central axis, wherein the horizontal central axis of the first group of battery cells is arranged on the first plane, the horizontal central axis of the second group of battery cells is arranged on the second plane, and the third group of battery cells
  • the horizontal center axis of the body is arranged on a third plane, wherein the first plane, the second plane and the third plane are arranged parallel to each other, and the three planes are all arranged parallel to the base plane.
  • the central axis of each battery cell of the first group is aligned with the central axis of the corresponding battery cells of the second and third groups.
  • Figure 4 which will not be detailed here.
  • the width is 70mm
  • the energy storage device of the fourth embodiment above includes 15 battery cells, the 15 battery cells are connected in series with each other, the output voltage is 60V, which does not exceed the safety voltage, and can meet the output power requirements, and multiple battery cells are connected in series. There is also no risk of mutual charging, which not only meets the requirements of output power, but also avoids battery damage.
  • the battery cells of the first energy storage device are connected in series to avoid the damage to the battery cells caused by the mutual charging current between the parallel battery cells.
  • the package time is longer than the second energy storage device, and the power-to-weight ratio of the first energy storage device is less than the power-to-weight ratio of the second energy storage device.
  • the first energy storage device will not increase the energy storage device while ensuring high power
  • the weight is conducive to the light design of the power tool.
  • the power-to-volume ratio of the first energy storage device is between 3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3, and the volume of the first energy storage device will not increase significantly while ensuring that the first energy storage device outputs high power. Conducive to the compact design of electric tools.
  • the energy storage device of the present utility model includes a battery unit, the battery unit includes a plurality of 21700 battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are connected in series.
  • the existing energy storage device composed of 18650 battery cells In the energy storage device of the present invention, multiple battery cells are connected in series, so that the electric tool can not only meet the requirements of the rated input power, but also can prevent the voltage of the electric tool from exceeding the safe voltage, causing danger or connecting the battery cells in parallel. There is a risk of mutual charging due to inconsistent voltages.
  • the electric tools described in the utility model can be electric hammers, electric drills, angle grinders, electric wrenches, electric circular saws, lawn mowers, pruners, lawn mowers, hair dryers, chain saws, high-pressure cleaners and other electric tools.
  • the present utility model is not limited to the specific embodiment structures mentioned, and the structures based on the concept of the present utility model belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

Abstract

一种电动工具和能量存储装置，包括第一壳体（21），用于与电动工具上的第二配接口可拆卸的配接的第一配接口（22），正极端子（221）和负极端子（222），所述能量存储装置（20）还包括电池单元，所述电池单元收容于所述第一壳体（21）内，所述电池单元由多个电池单体（200）串联而成，所述能量存储装置（20）允许的输出功率大于1200W，多个电池单体（200）串联的电压不高于60V。可提供较大的输出功率，满足高功率工具的功率要求，且对电动工具的要求较低，节约了成本。

Description

一种电动工具及其能量存储装置
本申请要求了申请日为2019年12月06日，申请号为201922169602.0的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本实用新型涉及电动工具领域，具体的涉及一种搭载高能量密度的能量存储装置及其电动工具。
背景技术
随着动力工具的应用范围扩大，被广泛地应用于家庭装修，户外和DIY的项目。动力工具按照其能量的类型至少包括以下两类：一类由燃油(例如汽油)提供动力的燃油工具；一类DC电源提供动力的直流电动工具。在低功率区域，直流电动工具基本能取代燃油工具。但在高功率区域，如大于1200W，则直流电动工具很难取代燃油工具。因为高功率工具要求DC电源能提供足够的功率输出。而作为DC电源最常规形式的电池包，其通常能提供的功率仅在400W-1100W之间，不能满足高功率工具的功率要求。但高功率的燃油工具也有其明显的劣势，工作时噪音大，产生的废气对环境污染大，且整机的重量较重。
现有的其中一种方案为了使电动工具输出大功率，采用多个电池单体串联，使得电池包的输出电压较大，由于电池包的放电能力(20A)与容量限制(3Ah)的限制，串联的电池包的输出电压为60V以上，超过安全电压、会对操作人员产生危险。
现有的另一种方案为了使电动工具输出大功率，采用电池单体或者电池包并联，但是并联会导致电池单体或者电池包之间互充，当电池单体之间的电压不一致时，会存在高电压的电池单体向低电压的电池单体充电的风险，简称为互充风险。互充过程中，压差越大，充电电流越大。大电流对被充电的电池单体以及放电的电池单体损伤都很大，甚至会造成危险。
因此非常有必要提供一种绿色环保且功率大的动力工具。
实用新型内容
为克服现有技术的缺陷，本实用新型所要解决的问题是提供一种新的大 容量的能量存储装置以解决目前存在的技术问题，拓宽能量存储装置的应用范围。
本实用新型解决现有技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种能量存储装置，包括壳体，用于与电动工具上的第二配接口可拆卸的配接的第一配接口，正极端子和负极端子，所述能量存储装置还包括电池单元，所述电池单元收容于所述壳体内，所述电池单元包括多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体相互串联，所述能量存储装置允许的输出功率大于1200W，多个电池单体串联的电压不高于60V。
优选的，所述多个电池单体串联的电压为40V-60V之间，能量存储装置的输出功率为1200W-1800W之间，能量存储装置的功率体积比为3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3之间。
优选的，所述电池单元包括至少10个电池单体，能量存储装置的输出功率为1200W-1400W之间，所述电池单元的体积大于300cm3。
优选的，所述电池单体的个数为10个，所述电池单体允许的放电电流不低于30A，所述电池单体被设置为上下两层，上层和下层分别设置5个并列排布的电池单体，上层的电池单体的中轴线与下层相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐。
优选的，所述电池单元包括至少12个电池单体，能量存储装置的输出功率为1400W-1600W之间，所述电池单元的体积大于370cm3
优选的，所述电池单体的个数为12个，，所述电池单体允许的放电电流不低于30A，所述电池单体被设置为上中下三层，上层、中层和下层分别设置4个并列排布的电池单体，上层、中层、下层相对应的电池单体的中轴线相互对齐。
优选的，所述电池单元包括至少14个电池单体，能量存储装置的输出功率为1600W-1800W之间，所述电池单元的体积大于430cm3。
优选的，所述电池单体的个数为14个，所述电池单体允许的放电电流不低于30A，所述电池单体被设置为上下两层，上层和下层分别设置7个并列排布的电池单体，上层的电池单体的中轴线与下层相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐。
一种电动工具，包括电动工具主体以及为其供电的能量存储装置，所述电动工具主体包括：马达，从所述能量存储装置获取电能输出旋转运动；第 二配接口，与所述能量存储装置配接获取电能；所述能量存储装置为上述各实施例所述的能量存储装置。
优选的，所述电动工具为户外电动工具。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是：本实用新型所述的能量存储装置，允许的输出功率大于1200W，所述电池单体之间串联连接，多个电池单体串联的电压不高于60V，可提供较大的输出功率，满足高功率工具的功率要求，同时，避免电池单元之间并联，存在高电压的电池单体向低电压的电池单体充电的风险，且对电动工具的要求较低，节约了成本。
附图说明
以上所述的本实用新型的目的、技术方案以及有益效果可以通过下面附图实现：
图1为本实用新型第一较佳实施例的电动工具的立体示意图；
图2为图1所示电动工具的能量存储装置的结构示意图；
图3A、图3B为18650电池单体并联而成的能量存储装置中电池单体的排布示意图；
图4A、图4B为21700电池单体串联而成的能量存储装置中电池单体的排布示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本实用新型的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本实用新型。但是本实用新型能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本实用新型内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本实用新型不受下面公开的具体实施方式的限制。
需要说明的是，当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件或者可能电性连接到另一个元件。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本实用新型的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本实用新型的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本实用新型。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。本实用新型提及的电动工具可为割草机，清扫机，该电动 工具包含有一个能量存储装置，两个能量存储装置或多个能量存储装置(能量存储装置的数量视应用场合以及工具类型而定)。
如图1所示为本实用新型第一较佳实施例的电动工具的立体示意图。电动工具包括电动工具主体10和能量存储装置20。能量存储装置20可拆卸地安装到电动工具主体10，为电动工具主体10提供能量。在一实施方式中，电动工具10还包含有辅助手柄12。请参考图2所示，能量存储装置20包括第一壳体21，收容在第一壳体21内的电池电池单体，设置在第一壳体21上的第一配接口22，设置在第一配接口22中的正极端子221和负极端子222，正极端子221和负极端子222分别与电动工具的正极端子和负极端子连接，向外输出电能。其中，能量存储装置20包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体电连接而成。电动工具主体10包括第二壳体11，收容在第二壳体内的马达，与能量存储装置20的第一配接口22可拆卸地配接的第二配接口。第二配接口内设置有第三极片和第四极片，分别与能量存储装置20的正极端子221和负极端子222电性连接，从能量存储装置20获取电能为马达旋转提供能量。能量存储装置20上还配置有锁扣结构，该能量存储装置20通过滑轨正确安装到电动工具10后通过锁扣结构锁住能量存储装置，以防止其脱离，需要卸下该能量存储装置20时需先触发该锁扣结构使其处于解锁状态，再拔出能量存储装置20。
如图2所示为第一较佳电动工具实施例的能量存储装置的结构示意图。能量存储装置20包括多个电池单体200，多个电池单体200为锂离子电池单体200，多个电池单体200相互串联组成能量存储装置20。能量存储装置20内还设置有线路板、设置在线路板上用于与电池单体200电性连接的电极片以及用于串联相邻两个电池单体200的连接片。能量存储装置20的输出功率取决于电池单体200串联后的输出电压与允许的平均放电电流的乘积。其中，输出电压取决于单个电池单体200的额定电压及串联的电池单体200的数量，允许的平均放电电流取决于单个电池单体200允许的平均放电电流及并联的电池单体200的数量。
在一种可能的情景下，电动工具10的额定功率为1200W。额定功率的含义为额定的输入功率。为满足这样的额定功率，能量存储装置20的输出功率需达到1200W。现有技术采用18650电池单体200组成的能量存储装置20为工具提供电能。
若采用现有的能量存储装置20，现有的能量存储装置20的电池单体为18650电池单体200，为了达到1200W的额定的输出功率，能量存储装置20包括15节相互串联的18650电池单体200组成电池单元，能量存储装置20由一个电池单体200构成，即能量存储装置由15节相互串联的18650电池单体200组成。能量存储装置20的电能通过正极端子221和负极端子222分别与电动工具的正负极相连，给电动工具提供电能。18650电池单体200的平均放电电流为20A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为45g/Cell，直径为18mm，高度为65mm。15节相互串联的18650输出电压为15*4V/Cell＝60V。能量存储装置20的输出电压为60V，输出功率为60V*20A＝1200W，重量为15*45g/Cell＝675g。能量存储装置20的功率重量比为1200w/675g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置中15节电池单体200分为3组，每组5节电池单体200，3组电池单体200按照上中下三层布置，基于这种设置，能量存储装置20的长为18*5＝90mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为90*65*54＝315.9cm3。能量存储装置20的功率体积比为1200w/315.9cm3＝3.799w/cm3。
上述实施例中能量存储装置20由15节18650电池单体200串联组成，能量存储装置的输出电压达到60V，超过了安全电压，存在安全风险。且配接到工具上之后，对电动工具的电气隔离要求提高，工具的设计也要提高。为了减小安全风险及设计难度和成本，现有技术还提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括16节电池单体，16节电池单体形成两组电池单元，两组电池单元之间并联连接，每组电池单元包括8节电池单体，8节电池单体相互串联。参考图3A、图3B所示，能量存储装置20包括16节电池单体200，其中上下两个电池单体200并联组成一个电池组，16节电池单体200共形成8个电池组，8个电池组串联组成能量存储装置20，其中能量存储装置20还包括正极端子221和负极端子222分别与电动工具主体10中的第三极片和第四极片电性连接，为电动工具主体提供电能。根据前述18650电池单体的规格，每组电池单元的输出电压为8*4V/cell＝32V，可允许的平均放电电流为20A。并联后的两组电池单元的输出电压依然为32V，允许的平均放电电流为2*20A＝40A。本实施例中，能量存储装置20的输出电压为32V，输出功率为32V*40A＝1280W，重量为16*45g/Cell＝720g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1280w/720g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置20内两组电池单元按照上下两层布置，每一层设置有8个电池单体200，基于这种设置，能量存储装置20 的长为18*8＝144mm，宽为65mm，高为18*2＝36mm，其体积为144*65*36＝336.96cm3。能量存储装置20的功率体积比为1280w/336.96cm3＝3.799w/cm3.
上述实施例中能量存储装置20由16节18650电池单体200组成，电池单体200之间存在并联，并联后的输出电压为32V，小于60v，符合操作者安全的需要，且不需要对电动工具设置电气隔离，但是，由于两组电池单元并联，当两组电池单元之间的电压不一致时，会存在高电压的电池单元向低电压的电池单元充电的风险，简称为互充风险。互充过程中，压差越大，充电电流越大。大电流对被充电的电池单元以及放电的电池单元损伤都很大，甚至会造成危险。
为了解决现有技术由18650电池单体组成的能量存储装置，当需要输出1200W以上的功率时，存在的对操作者安全问题、对电池包的损害以及成本问题，本实用新型提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括电池单元，电池单元包括多个21700电池单体，多个电池单体串联而成。在本实用新型的第二较佳实施例中，请参考图4A所示，电池单元包括10节电池单体200，10节电池单体200相互串联。电池单元还包括线路板、设置在线路板上用于与电池单体200电性连接的电极片以及用于串联相邻两个电池单体200的连接片。21700电池单体200的平均放电电流为30A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为70g/Cell，直径为21mm，高度为70mm。本实施例中，能量存储装置20的输出电压为10*4V/Cell＝40V，输出功率为10*4*30＝1200W。重量为10*70g/Cell＝700g。能量存储装置20的功率重量比为1200W/700g＝1.714w/g。如图4A所示，10节电池单体200分为两组，每组5节电池单体200，两组电池单体200按照上下两层布置，每个电池单体200具有沿着长度方向的水平中心轴线和与水平中心轴线垂直的中轴线，其中，第一组电池单体200的水平中心轴线布置在第一平面23上，第二组电池单体200的水平中心轴线布置在第二平面24上，其中，第一平面23和第二平面24彼此平行的布置。第一组的每一节电池单体200的中轴线与第二组相对应的电池单体200的中轴线对齐，例如，第一组电池单体200中第一节电池单体200的中轴线与第二组的第一节电池单体200的中轴线对齐，第一组电池单体200中第二节电池单体200的中轴线与第二组的第二节电池单体200的中轴线对齐，按照一一对应的关系，第一组电池单体200的中轴线分别与对应得第二组电池单体200 的中轴线对应。基于这种设置，能量存储装置20的长为21*5＝105mm，宽为70mm，高为21*2＝42mm，其体积为105*70*42＝308.7cm3。能量存储装置20的功率体积比为1200w/308.7cm3＝3.887w/cm3。
上述实施例的能量存储装置20包括10节电池单体200，10节电池单体200相互串联，输出电压为40V，没有超过安全电压，可以满足输出功率的要求，且多个电池单体200之间串联，也不存在互充的风险，既满足了输出功率的要求，又可避免电池的损坏。
请参考表1所示为当电动工具的额定功率需要1200W时，两种能量存储装置的对比表。
Figure PCTCN2020133500-appb-000001
表1
为了便于描述，以下电池单体为21700的能量存储装置称为第一能量存储装置，电池单体为18650的能量存储装置称为第二能量存储装置。由表1可知，提供基本相同的输出功率(1200W)，第一能量存储装置的电池单体之间串联，避免了并联的电池单体之间互充电流对电池单体的损害，同时，单包时长大于第二能量存储装置，使得配置有第一能量装置的电动工具有较长的工作时间，且第一能量存储装置的功率重量比小于第二能量存储装置的功率重量比，第一能量存储装置在保证大功率的情况下，不会增大能量存储装置的重量，有利于电动工具的轻便的设计。且第一能量存储装置的功率体积比在3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3之间，在保证第一能量存储装置输出大功率的情况下，第一能量存储装置的体积不会大幅度增加，有利于电动工具的小巧化设计。
在一种可能的情景下，当电动工具10的额定功率为1400W。额定功率的含义为额定的输入功率。为满足这样的额定功率，能量存储装置的输出功率需达到1400W。现有技术采用18650电池单体200组成的能量存储装置20为工具提供电能。
若采用现有的第二能量存储装置，现有的能量存储装置的电池单体为18650电池单体，为了达到1400W的额定的输出功率，能量存储装置包括18节相互串联的18650电池单体组成电池单元，能量存储装置由一个电池单元构成，即能量存储装置由18节相互串联的18650电池单体组成。能量存储装置的电能通过正极端子和负极端子分别于电动工具的正负极相连，给电动工具提供电能。18650电池单体的平均放电电流为20A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为45g/Cell，直径为18mm，高度为65mm。18节相互串联的18650输出电压为18*4V/Cell＝72V。能量存储装置的输出电压为72V，输出功率为72V*20A＝1440W，重量为18*45g/Cell＝810g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1440w/810g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置内18节相互串联的电池单体分为上中下三层布置，基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为18*6＝108mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为108*65*54＝379.08cm3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1440w/379.08cm3＝3.799w/cm3。
上述方案中能量存储装置20由18节18650电池单体串联组成，能量存储装置的输出电压达到60V，超过了安全电压，存在安全风险。且配接到工具上之后，对电动工具的电气隔离要求提高，工具的设计也要提高。为了减小安全风险及设计难度和成本，现有技术还提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括18节电池单体，18节电池单体组成三个电池单元，每个电池单元包括6节相互串联的18650电池单体，三个电池单元之间相互并联。根据18650电池单体的规格，每组电池单体的输出电压为6*4V/Cell＝24V，可允许的平均放电电流为20A。并联后的输出电压依然为24V，允许的平均放电电流为20A*3＝60A。本实施例中，能量存储装置的输出电压为24V，输出功率为24V*60A＝1440W，能量存储装置的重量为18*45g/Cell＝810g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1440w/810g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置内18节电池单体分为上下三层布置，每一层分别布置有6个电池单体。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为18*6＝108mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为108*65*54＝379.08cm3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1440w/379.08cm3＝3.799w/cm3。
上述方案中能量存储装置由18节18650电池单体组成三个电池单元，三个电池单元之间相互并联，并联后的电池单元组成的能量存储装置的输出电压为32V，小于60V，符合操作者安全的需要，且不需要对电动工具设置电 气隔离，但是，由于两组电池单元并联，当两组电池单元之间的电压不一致时，会存在高电压的电池单元向低电压的电池单元充电的风险，简称为互充风险。互充过程中，压差越大，充电电流越大。大电流对被充电的电池单元以及放电的电池单元损伤都很大，甚至会造成危险。
为了解决现有技术由18650电池单体组成的能量存储装置，当需要输出1400W以上的功率时，存在的对操作者安全问题、对电池包的损害以及成本问题，本实用新型提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括电池单元，电池单元包括多个21700电池单体，多个电池单体串联而成。在本实用新型的第三实施例中，电池单元包括12节21700电池单体，能量存储装置由一个电池单元构成，即能量存储装置包括12节相互串联的21700电池单体。电池单元还包括线路板、设置在线路板上用于与电池单体电性连接的电极片以及用于串联相邻两个电池单体的连接片。且21700电池单体的平均放电电流为30A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为70g/Cell，直径为21mm，高度为70mm。本实施例中，能量存储装置的输出电压为12*4V/Cell＝48V，输出功率为12*4*30＝1440W。重量为12*70g/Cell＝840g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1440W/840g＝1.714w/g。能量存储装置内12节电池单体分为三组，每组4个电池单体，三组电池单体按照上中下三层布置，每个电池单体具有沿着长度方向的水平中心轴线和与水平中心轴线垂直的中轴线，其中，第一组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第一平面上，第二组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第二平面上，第三组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第三平面上，其中，第一平面、第二平面和第三平面彼此平行的布置，三个平面均平行于基面布置。第一组的每一节电池单体的中轴线与第二组和第三组相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐，第一组电池单体中第一节电池单体的中轴线与第二组的第一节电池单体的中轴线对齐，同时与第三组的第一节电池单体的中轴线对齐，第一组电池单体中第二节电池单体的中轴线与第二组的第二节电池单体的中轴线对齐，同时与第三组的第二节电池单体的中轴线对齐，按照一一对应的关系，第一组电池单体的中轴线分别与对应得第二组和第三组电池单体的中轴线对应。基于这种设置，能量存储装置为圆柱形，上层、下层的电池单体的中轴线相互对齐，能量存储装置长为21*4＝84mm，宽为70mm，高为21*3＝63mm，其体积为84*70*63＝370.44cm3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1440w/370.44cm3＝3.887w/cm3。
上述实施例三的能量存储装置20包括12节电池单体，12节电池单体相互串联，输出电压为48V，没有超过安全电压，可以满足输出功率的要求，且多个电池单体之间串联，也不存在互充的风险，既满足了输出功率的要求，又可避免电池的损坏。
请参考表2所示为当电动工具的额定功率需要1400W时，两种能量存储装置的对比表。
Figure PCTCN2020133500-appb-000002
表2
由表2可知，提供基本相同的输出功率(1440W)，第一能量存储装置的电池单体之间串联，避免了并联的电池单体之间互充电流对电池单体的损害，同时，单包时长大于第二能量存储装置，且第一能量存储装置的功率重量比小于第二能量存储装置的功率重量比，第一能量存储装置在保证大功率的情况下，不会增大能量存储装置的重量，有利于电动工具的轻便的设计。且第一能量存储装置的功率体积比在3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3之间，在保证第一能量存储装置输出大功率的情况下，第一能量存储装置的体积不会大幅度增加，有利于电动工具的小巧化设计。
在一种可能的情景下，当电动工具10的额定功率为1600W。额定功率的含义为额定的输入功率。为满足这样的额定功率，能量存储装置的输出功率需达到1600W。现有技术采用18650电池单体200组成的能量存储装置20为工具提供电能。
若采用现有的能量存储装置，现有的能量存储装置的电池单体为18650电池单体，为了达到1600W的额定输出功率，能量存储装置包括20节18650电池单体，20节电池单体相互串联组成一个电池单元，能量存储装置由一个电池单元构成，即能量存储装置由20节相互串联的18650电池单体组成。18650电池单体的平均放电电流为20A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为45g/Cell，直径为18mm，高度为65mm。20节相互串联的18650电池单体的 输出电压为20*4V/Cell＝80V。能量存储装置的输出电压为80V，输出功率为80V*20A＝1600W，重量为20*45g/Cell＝900g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1600w/900g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置内20节电池单体分为上中下三层布置。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为18*7＝126mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为126*65*54＝442.26cm 3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1600w/442.26cm 3＝3.618w/cm 3。
上述方案中能量存储装置20由18节18650电池单体串联组成，能量存储装置的输出电压达到60V，超过了安全电压，存在安全风险。且配接到工具上之后，对电动工具的电气隔离要求提高，工具的设计也要提高。为了减小安全风险及设计难度和成本，现有技术还提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括21节电池单体，21节电池单体组成三个电池单元，每个电池单元包括7节相互串联的18650电池单体，三个电池单元之间相互并联。根据18650电池单体的规格，每组电池单元的输出电压为7*4V/Cell＝28V，可允许的平均放电电流为20A。并联后的电池单元输出电压依然为28V，允许的平均放电电流为20A*3＝60A。本实施例中，能量存储装置的输出电压为28V，输出功率为28V*60A＝1680W。能量存储装置的重量为21*45g/Cell＝945g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1680w/945g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置内21节电池单体分为上中下三层布置，每一层分别布置有1个电池单元，也就是7个电池单体。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为18*7＝126mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为126*65*54＝442.26cm 3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1680w/442.26cm 3＝3.799w/cm 3。
上述方案中能量存储装置由21节18650电池单体组成三个电池单元，三个电池单元之间相互并联，并联后的电池单元组成的能量存储装置的输出电压为28V，小于60V，符合操作者安全的需要，且不需要对电动工具设置电气隔离，但是，由于两组电池单元并联，当两组电池单元之间的电压不一致时，会存在高电压的电池单元向低电压的电池单元充电的风险，简称为互充风险。互充过程中，压差越大，充电电流越大。大电流对被充电的电池单元以及放电的电池单元损伤都很大，甚至会造成危险。
为了解决现有技术由18650电池单体组成的能量存储装置，当需要输出1600W以上的功率时，存在的对操作者安全问题、对电池包的损害以及成本问题，本实用新型提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括电池单元， 电池单元包括多个21700电池单体，多个电池单体串联而成。在本实用新型的第三实施例中，能量存储装置包括14节相互串联的21700电池单体组成，14节电池单体组成一个电池单元，能量存储装置包括一个电池单元，即能量存储单元包括14节相互串联的21700电池单体。且21700电池单体的平均放电电流为30A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为70g/Cell，直径为21mm，高度为70mm。本实施例中，能量存储装置的输出电压为14*4V/Cell＝56V，输出功率为14*4*30＝1680W，重量为14*70g/Cell＝980g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1680W/980g＝1.714w/g。能量存储装置内14节电池单体分为两组，每组7个电池单体，两组电池单体按照上下两层布置，每个电池单体具有沿着长度方向的水平中心轴线和与水平中心轴线垂直的中轴线，其中，第一组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第一平面上，第二组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第二平面上，其中，第一平面和第二平面彼此平行的布置，两个平面均平行于基面布置。第一组的每一节电池单体的中轴线与第二组相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐，第一组电池单体中第一节电池单体的中轴线与第二组的第一节电池单体的中轴线对齐，第一组电池单体中第二节电池单体的中轴线与第二组的第二节电池单体的中轴线对齐，按照一一对应的关系，第一组电池单体的中轴线分别与对应得第二组电池单体的中轴线对应。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为21*7＝147mm，宽为70mm，高为21*2＝42mm，其体积为147*70*42＝432.18cm 3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1680w/432.18cm 3＝3.887w/cm 3。
上述实施例三的能量存储装置包括14节电池单体，14节电池单体相互串联，输出电压为56V，没有超过安全电压，可以满足输出功率的要求，且多个电池单体之间串联，也不存在互充的风险，既满足了输出功率的要求，又可避免电池的损坏。
请参考表3所示为当电动工具的额定功率需要1600W时，两种能量存储装置的对比表。
Figure PCTCN2020133500-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020133500-appb-000004
表3
由表3可知，提供基本相同的输出功率(1600W)，第一能量存储装置的电池单体之间串联，避免了并联的电池单体之间互充电流对电池单体的损害，同时，单包时长大于第二能量存储装置，且第一能量存储装置的功率重量比小于第二能量存储装置的功率重量比，第一能量存储装置在保证大功率的情况下，不会增大能量存储装置的重量，有利于电动工具的轻便的设计。且第一能量存储装置的功率体积比在3.8w/cm 3-4.0w/cm 3之间，在保证第一能量存储装置输出大功率的情况下，第一能量存储装置的体积不会大幅度增加，有利于电动工具的小巧化设计。
在一种可能的情景下，电动工具10的额定功率为1800W。额定功率的含义为额定的输入功率。为满足这样的额定功率，能量存储装置的输出功率需达到1800W。现有技术采用18650电池单体200组成的能量存储装置20为工具提供电能。
若采用现有的能量存储装置，现有的能量存储装置的电池单体为18650电池单体，为了达到1800W的额定输出功率，能力存储装置包括23节18650电池单体，23节电池单体相互串联组成一个电池单元，能量存储装置由一个电池单元构成，即能量存储装置由23节相互串联的18650电池单体组成。18650电池单体的平均放电电流为20A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为45g/Cell，直径为18mm，高度为65mm。23节相互串联的18650输出电压为23*4V/Cell＝92V。能量存储装置的输出电压为92V，输出功率为92V*20A＝1840W，重量为23*45g/Cell＝1035g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1840w/1035g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置内23节电池单体分为上中下三层布置。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为18*8＝144mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为126*65*54＝505.44cm3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1840w/505.44cm3＝3.64w/cm3。
上述方案中能量存储装置20由23节18650电池单体串联组成，能量存储装置的输出电压达到92V，超过了安全电压，存在安全风险。且配接到工具上之后，对电动工具的电气隔离要求提高，工具的设计也要提高。为了减小安全风险及设计难度和成本，现有技术还提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括24节电池单体，24节电池单体组成三个电池单元，每个电池 单元包括8节相互串联的18650电池单体，三个电池单元之间相互并联。根据18650电池单体的规格，每个电池单元的输出电压为8*4V/Cell＝32V，可允许的平均放电电流为20A。并联后的电池单元的输出电压依然为32V，允许的平均放电电流为20A*3＝60A。本实施例中，能量存储装置的输出电压为32V，输出功率为32V*60A＝1920W。能量存储装置的重量为24*45g/Cell＝1080g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1920w/1080g＝1.778w/g。能量存储装置内24节电池单体分为上中下三层布置，每一个电池平面布置有8个电池单体，三个平面均平行于基面布置。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为18*8＝144mm，宽为65mm，高为18*3＝54mm，其体积为144*65*54＝505.44cm3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1920w/505.44cm3＝3.799w/cm3。
上述方案中能量存储装置由24节18650电池单体组成三个电池单元，三个电池单元之间相互并联，并联后的电池单元组成的能量存储装置的输出电压为32V，小于60V，符合操作者安全的需要，且不需要对电动工具设置电气隔离，但是，由于两组电池单元并联，当两组电池单元之间的电压不一致时，会存在高电压的电池单元向低电压的电池单元充电的风险，简称为互充风险。互充过程中，压差越大，充电电流越大。大电流对被充电的电池单元以及放电的电池单元损伤都很大，甚至会造成危险。
为了解决现有技术由18650电池单体组成的能量存储装置，当需要输出1800W以上的功率时，存在的对操作者安全问题、对电池包的损害以及成本问题，本实用新型提供了一种能量存储装置，能量存储装置包括电池单元，电池单元包括多个21700电池单体，多个电池单体串联而成。在本实用新型的第四实施例中，能量存储装置包括15节相互串联的21700电池单体组成，15节电池单体组成一个电池单元，能量存储装置包括一个电池单元，即能量存储单元包括15节相互串联的21700电池单体。且21700电池单体的平均放电电流为30A，满充电压为4.0V/Cell，重量为70g/Cell，直径为21mm，高度为70mm。本实施例中，能量存储装置的输出电压为15*4V/Cell＝60V，输出功率为15*4*30＝1800W，重量为15*70g/Cell＝1050g。能量存储装置的功率重量比为1800W/1050g＝1.714w/g。能量存储装置内15节电池单体分为三组，每组5个电池单体，三组电池单体按照上中下三层布置，每个电池单体具有沿着长度方向的水平中心轴线和与水平中心轴线垂直的中轴线，其中，第一组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第一平面上，第二组电池单体的水平 中心轴线布置在第二平面上，第三组电池单体的水平中心轴线布置在第三平面上，其中，第一平面、第二平面和第三平面彼此平行的布置，三个平面均平行于基面布置。第一组的每一节电池单体的中轴线与第二组和第三组相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐，具体排布方式可参考图4所示，此处不再一一详述。基于这种设置，能量存储装置的长为21*8＝168mm，宽为70mm，高为21*2＝42mm，其体积为168*70*42＝493.92cm3。能量存储装置的功率体积比为1800w/493.92cm3＝3.644w/cm3。
上述实施例四的能量存储装置包括15节电池单体，15节电池单体相互串联，输出电压为60V，没有超过安全电压，可以满足输出功率的要求，且多个电池单体之间串联，也不存在互充的风险，既满足了输出功率的要求，又可避免电池的损坏。
请参考表4所示为当电动工具的额定功率需要1800W时，两种能量存储装置的对比表。
Figure PCTCN2020133500-appb-000005
表4
由表4可知，提供基本相同的输出功率(1800W)，第一能量存储装置的电池单体之间串联，避免了并联的电池单体之间互充电流对电池单体的损害，同时，单包时长大于第二能量存储装置，且第一能量存储装置的功率重量比小于第二能量存储装置的功率重量比，第一能量存储装置在保证大功率的情况下，不会增大能量存储装置的重量，有利于电动工具的轻便的设计。且第一能量存储装置的功率体积比在3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3之间，在保证第一能量存储装置输出大功率的情况下，第一能量存储装置的体积不会大幅度增加，有利于电动工具的小巧化设计。
根据上述实施例，本实用新型所述的能量存储装置包括电池单元，电池单元包括多个21700电池单体，多个电池单体串联，相对于现有的由18650电池单体组成的能量存储装置，本实用新型的能量存储装置多个电池单体之 间串联，使得电动工具既能满足额定输入功率的要求，又能避免电动工具的电压超过安全电压，带来危险或者电池单体之间并联由于电压不一致产生互充电的风险。
本实用新型所述的电动工具可以是电锤，电钻，角磨，电动扳手，电圆锯，打草机，修枝机，割草机，吹风机，链锯，高压清洗机等电动工具。
本实用新型不局限于所举的具体实施例结构，基于本实用新型构思的结构均属于本实用新型保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种能量存储装置，包括壳体，用于与电动工具上的第二配接口可拆卸的配接的第一配接口，正极端子和负极端子，其特征在于，所述能量存储装置还包括电池单元，所述电池单元收容于所述壳体内，所述电池单元包括多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体相互串联，所述能量存储装置允许的输出功率大于1200W，多个电池单体串联的电压不高于60V。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述多个电池单体串联的电压为40V-60V之间，能量存储装置的输出功率为1200W-1800W之间，能量存储装置的功率体积比为3.8w/cm3-4.0w/cm3之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池单元包括至少10个电池单体，能量存储装置的输出功率为1200W-1400W之间，所述电池单元的体积大于300cm3。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池单体的个数为10个，所述电池单体允许的放电电流不低于30A，所述电池单体被设置为上下两层，上层和下层分别设置5个并列排布的电池单体，上层的电池单体的中轴线与下层相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池单元包括至少12个电池单体，能量存储装置的输出功率为1400W-1600W之间，所述电池单元的体积大于370cm 3。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池单体的个数为12个，所述电池单体允许的放电电流不低于30A，所述电池单体被设置为上中下三层，上层、中层和下层分别设置4个并列排布的电池单体，上层、中层、下层相对应的电池单体的中轴线相互对齐。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池单元包括至少14个电池单体，能量存储装置的输出功率为1600W-1800W之间，所述电池单元的体积大于430cm 3。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的能量存储装置，其特征在于，所述电池单体的个数为14个，所述电池单体允许的放电电流不低于30A，所述电池单体被设置为上下两层，上层和下层分别设置7个并列排布的电池单体，上层的电池单体的中轴线与下层相对应的电池单体的中轴线对齐。
  9. 一种电动工具，包括电动工具主体以及为其供电的能量存储装置，其特 征在于，所述电动工具主体包括：
    马达，从所述能量存储装置获取电能输出旋转运动；
    第二配接口，与所述能量存储装置配接获取电能；
    所述能量存储装置为权利要求1-8所述的能量存储装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电动工具，其特征在于，所述电动工具为户外电动工具。
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CN211556021U (zh) * 2019-12-06 2020-09-22 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 一种电动工具及其能量存储装置

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