WO2021104067A1 - 扬声器和电子设备 - Google Patents

扬声器和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021104067A1
WO2021104067A1 PCT/CN2020/128909 CN2020128909W WO2021104067A1 WO 2021104067 A1 WO2021104067 A1 WO 2021104067A1 CN 2020128909 W CN2020128909 W CN 2020128909W WO 2021104067 A1 WO2021104067 A1 WO 2021104067A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voice coil
driving voice
driving
magnetic gap
coils
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PCT/CN2020/128909
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王建建
徐延东
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2021104067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021104067A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H04R9/027—Air gaps using a magnetic fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of acoustic and electrical equipment, and in particular to a loudspeaker and electronic equipment.
  • Micro speakers are widely used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and hearing aids. With the rapid development of these portable electronic devices, people have higher and higher requirements for the miniature electro-acoustic devices used in them.
  • the speaker usually includes a basin frame, a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system installed on the basin frame; the magnetic circuit system is formed with a magnetic gap, and a magnetic field is generated in the magnetic gap.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a diaphragm connected to the diaphragm and extending into the magnetic field. Voice coil assembly in the gap.
  • the voice coil assembly When the loudspeaker is working, the voice coil assembly is energized, and the diaphragm is driven to vibrate under the action of the magnetic field of the magnetic gap to inspire the air to produce sound.
  • the speaker when the speaker is working, more parts of the structure of the voice coil assembly are not in the magnetic gap, resulting in empty loss, which makes the power consumption of the speaker larger.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a speaker, which aims at the technical problem of high power consumption of the speaker.
  • the present invention provides a loudspeaker, including:
  • a magnetic circuit system the magnetic circuit system having a magnetic gap
  • a vibration system the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a voice coil assembly connected to the diaphragm, the voice coil assembly is arranged corresponding to the magnetic gap, and the voice coil assembly includes a plurality of driving voice coils;
  • the control unit is used to control the driving voice coil to be energized when any one of the driving voice coils moves in a direction close to the magnetic gap to the first position; the control unit is also used to control any one of the driving voice coils to energize When the driving voice coil moves in a direction away from the magnetic gap to the second position, the driving voice coil is controlled to be powered off.
  • control unit includes a plurality of control switches, each of the driving voice coils is connected in series with one control switch, and the control switch has the driving voice coil in series with the control switch close to the The conducting state when the magnetic gap moves to the first position, and the off state when the driving voice coil connected in series with the control switch moves in a direction away from the magnetic gap to the second position.
  • a driving voice coil that can move in a direction close to the diaphragm to escape from the magnetic gap during a vibration process, or can move in a direction away from the diaphragm to escape from the magnetic gap
  • There are two corresponding first positions and second positions the two first positions are respectively set on both sides of the axial direction of the magnetic gap, and the two second positions are respectively set on the The axial sides of the magnetic gap.
  • At least part of the first positions corresponding to the driving voice coil are the same position; and/or, at least part of the second positions corresponding to the driving voice coil are the same position.
  • the ratio of the axial length of the driving voice coil to the axial length of the magnetic gap is greater than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 2.5.
  • control unit further includes a detection unit configured to detect the movement position of the driving voice coil.
  • the detection unit includes a position sensor for fixed-point detection or real-time detection of the moving position of the driving voice coil; or,
  • the detection unit includes a detection circuit for detecting a voltage parameter or a current parameter of the voice coil assembly to detect the moving position of the driving voice coil.
  • the voice coil assembly further includes two detecting voice coils connected in series with each other, the two detecting voice coils are connected in parallel with the driving voice coil, and the detecting unit includes a detecting circuit, and the detecting circuit is used for detecting The two detect the potential difference at the serial connection of the voice coils.
  • a plurality of said driving voice coils are connected in parallel.
  • At least two of the driving voice coils are connected in series, and for the driving voice coils connected in series, a bypass circuit is connected in parallel outside each of the driving voice coils and the control switch connected in series, and the bypass circuit is A bypass switch is provided.
  • the bypass switch has a conduction state when the driving voice coil moves to the first position in a direction close to the magnetic gap, and when the driving voice coil bobbin moves away from the The disconnected state when the magnetic gap moves in the direction of the second position.
  • the voice coil assembly has a middle section
  • the conductivity of the driving voice coil arranged close to the middle section is greater than the conductivity of the driving voice coil arranged far from the middle section; and/or,
  • the radial thickness of the driving voice coil disposed close to the middle section is greater than the radial thickness of the driving voice coil disposed far from the middle section; and/or,
  • the axial length of the driving voice coil arranged close to the middle section is greater than the axial length of the driving voice coil arranged far from the middle section.
  • the radial thickness of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm is smaller than the radial thickness of the remaining driving voice coils; and/or,
  • the axial length of the driving voice coil connected with the diaphragm is smaller than the axial length of the remaining driving voice coils.
  • the driving voice coil is formed by winding a self-adhesive enameled wire, and two adjacently connected driving voice coils are connected by a self-adhesive varnish of the self-adhesive enameled wire.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device including a housing and a speaker, and the speaker is provided in the housing.
  • the speaker includes:
  • a magnetic circuit system the magnetic circuit system having a magnetic gap
  • a vibration system the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a voice coil assembly connected to the diaphragm, the voice coil assembly is arranged corresponding to the magnetic gap, and the voice coil assembly includes a plurality of driving voice coils;
  • the control unit is used to control the driving voice coil to be energized when any one of the driving voice coils moves in a direction close to the magnetic gap to the first position; the control unit is also used to control any one of the driving voice coils to energize When the driving voice coil moves in a direction away from the magnetic gap to the second position, the driving voice coil is controlled to be powered off.
  • the speaker of the present invention controls the energization state of each driving voice coil, that is, controls the driving voice coil that enters the denser magnetic line of induction area to provide driving force; and controls the driving voice coil that enters the sparse magnetic line of induction area to break In order to reduce power consumption; in this way, the energization state of each driving voice coil is controlled according to the magnetic field distribution of the speaker, so that the energized driving voice coil is always in the area with dense magnetic line of induction, which not only reduces invalid energization Time, reduce power consumption; it can also improve the flatness of the BL curve of the speaker, thereby improving the symmetry of the vibration of the vibration system, reducing harmonic distortion, and then improving the acoustic performance of the speaker.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a loudspeaker of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the voice coil assembly in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the voice coil assembly moving to the lower limit position in the magnetic gap in the speaker of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the voice coil assembly in Fig. 3 moving to a position between the upper limit position and the lower limit position in the magnetic gap; wherein, the second driving voice coil is in an area where the magnetic lines of induction are densely distributed;
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the voice coil assembly in Fig. 3 moving to the upper limit position in the magnetic gap.
  • the present invention provides a loudspeaker.
  • the speaker can be used in electronic devices, such as portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, MP3, tablet computers, notebook computers, hearing aids, etc.
  • the speaker 100 includes a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system.
  • the speaker 100 usually further includes a basin frame 40, and the magnetic circuit system and the vibration system are both installed on the basin frame 40.
  • the magnetic circuit system has a magnetic gap 30.
  • the structure of the magnetic circuit system is various, and the following is only an example for description, but it is not used to limit the present invention.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a magnetic yoke 50 installed on the basin frame 40, and a magnetic yoke 50 installed on the magnetic yoke 50 Center magnetic circuit 60 and side magnetic circuit 70.
  • the central magnetic circuit 60 includes a central magnet 61 mounted on the magnetic yoke 50 and a central magnetic plate 62 mounted on the central magnet 61;
  • the side magnetic circuit 70 includes side magnets mounted on the magnetic yoke 50 71 and the side magnetic conductive plate 72 provided on the side magnet 71; the side magnet 71 and the side magnetic plate are distributed on the peripheral side of the central magnet 61, and a magnetic gap 30 is formed between the central magnetic conductive plate 62 and the side magnetic conductive plate 72 .
  • the magnetic circuit system can also be configured in other structural forms.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a T iron installed on the basin frame 40 and The side magnetic circuit 70 on the base of the T-iron.
  • the side magnetic circuit 70 includes a side magnet 71 and a side magnetic guide plate 72 provided on the side magnet 71.
  • the upper end of the T-iron column and the side guide of the side magnetic circuit 70 A magnetic gap 30 is formed between the magnetic plates 72.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a U iron installed on the basin frame 40 and a central magnetic circuit 60 installed on the bottom plate of the U iron.
  • the central magnetic circuit 60 includes a central magnet. 61 and a central magnetic conductive plate 62 provided on the side magnet 71, a magnetic gap 30 is formed between the upper end of the side wall of the U iron and the central magnetic conductive plate 62 of the central magnetic circuit 60; and so on.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm 20 and a voice coil assembly 10 connected to the diaphragm 20.
  • the voice coil assembly 10 is arranged corresponding to the magnetic gap 30, and the voice coil assembly 10 is used to connect to an external circuit.
  • the diaphragm 20 is installed on the frame 40, one end of the voice coil assembly 10 is connected to the diaphragm 20, and the other end extends into the magnetic gap 30.
  • the sound The upper end of the ring assembly 10 is connected to the diaphragm 20, and the lower end extends into the magnetic gap 30.
  • the voice coil assembly 10 includes a plurality of (that is, greater than or equal to two) driving voice coils; wherein each driving voice coil is used to connect to an external circuit.
  • each of the plurality of driving voice coils has a first end and a second end in the same direction.
  • one of the first end of the driving voice coil and the other of the second end of the driving voice coil connection is connected.
  • the speaker 100 further includes a control unit (not shown), the control unit is used to control the driving sound when any one of the driving voice coils moves to the first position in a direction close to the magnetic gap 30
  • the coil is energized (that is, the driving voice coil is controlled to be in a conductive state with the external circuit); the control unit is also used to control the driving sound when any driving voice coil moves in a direction away from the magnetic gap 30 to the second position
  • the coil is de-energized (that is, the driving voice coil is controlled to be in a disconnected state from the external circuit).
  • any one of the driving voice coils can move to the first position in the direction close to the magnetic gap 30 and then enter the area where the magnetic lines of induction are densely distributed.
  • the inner magnetic induction lines are densely distributed and the magnetic field strength is greater.
  • any one of the driving voice coils moves to the second position in the direction away from the magnetic gap 30 and then enters a region where the magnetic induction lines are relatively sparsely distributed, and the magnetic field intensity is relatively small in this region. If the driving voice coil continues to be energized, it will only increase the power consumption, but cannot generate effective driving force. Therefore, if the driving voice coil is moved to the second position away from the magnetic gap 30, the power can be reduced if the power is turned off. At this time, it should be pointed out that when the driving voice coil is powered off, there will be another one or more driving voice coils being energized to generate enough driving force to drive the voice coil assembly 10 and the diaphragm 20 to vibrate.
  • any one of the driving voice coils can be energized when moving to the first position in the direction close to the magnetic gap 30, so that the energized driving voice coil generates driving force to drive
  • the voice coil assembly 10 and the diaphragm 20 vibrate; and any one of the driving voice coils can be powered off when moving in a direction away from the magnetic gap 30 to the second position, so as to reduce power consumption.
  • the speaker 100 of the present invention controls the energization state of each driving voice coil according to the magnetic field distribution of the speaker 100, so as to control the energization of the driving voice coil that enters the denser magnetic induction line area to provide driving force; and control the access to the magnetic induction
  • the driving voice coil in the sparsely-wired area is powered off to reduce power consumption; this can make the energized driving voice coil in the area where the magnetic line of induction is densely distributed, and the power-off driving voice coil is in the area where the magnetic line of induction is sparsely distributed It can not only reduce the ineffective power-on time of each driving voice coil and reduce power consumption/empty consumption; it can also improve the flatness of the BL curve of the speaker 100, thereby improving the symmetry and linearity of the vibration of the vibration system, reducing harmonic distortion, and then The acoustic performance of the speaker 100 can be improved.
  • the respective driving voice coils can be designed according to factors such as the distribution of magnetic lines of induction, the axial length ratio of each driving voice coil, and the position of the voice coil assembly 10 in the magnetic gap 30 in a balanced state.
  • the corresponding positions of the first position and the second position can improve the vibration stability and symmetry of the voice coil assembly 10, thereby improving the overall acoustic performance of the speaker 100.
  • the axial direction of the driving voice coil refers to the extending direction of the center line of the voice coil assembly 10
  • the axial length of the driving voice coil refers to the length of the driving voice coil in the extending direction of the center line of the voice coil assembly 10.
  • the first position and the second position corresponding to the same driving voice coil can also be the same position.
  • the first positions corresponding to different driving voice coils are the same position; and/or, the second positions corresponding to different driving voice coils are the same position.
  • the multiple driving voice coils can be divided into three categories according to the vibration characteristics of the vibration system, namely, 1) the first type of driving voice coil: it can only move in the direction close to the diaphragm 20 and leave the magnetic gap 30, such as one or two driving sounds set close to the diaphragm 20; 2) the second type of driving voice coil: it can only move away from the magnetic gap 30 in the direction away from the diaphragm 20, such as in the voice coil One or two driving voice coils are provided at the end of the assembly 10 far away from the diaphragm 20; 3)
  • the third type of driving voice coil it can move in the direction close to the diaphragm 20 and move away from the magnetic gap 30, or it can move in the direction closer to the diaphragm 20. Moving in a direction away from the diaphragm 20 to escape from the magnetic gap 30, such as a driving voice coil provided between the first type of driving voice coil and the second type of driving voice coil.
  • first position and second position there is one corresponding first position and second position, and it is optionally located on the side of the magnetic gap 30 close to the diaphragm 20.
  • first position and second position there is one corresponding first position and second position, and it is optionally located on the side of the magnetic gap 30 away from the diaphragm 20.
  • the voice coil can move in a direction close to the diaphragm 20 to escape from the magnetic gap 30, and it can also move in a direction away from the diaphragm 20 to escape the drive of the magnetic gap 30.
  • the voice coil has two corresponding first positions and second positions, the two first positions are respectively provided on the two axial sides of the magnetic gap 30, and the two second positions are respectively It is arranged on both sides of the magnetic gap 30 in the axial direction.
  • the two axial sides of the magnetic gap 30 are the side of the magnetic gap 30 close to the diaphragm 20 and the side of the magnetic gap 30 away from the diaphragm 20. In this way, the performance of the speaker 100 can be further improved.
  • there are two sets of corresponding first and second positions there are two sets of corresponding first and second positions, and the two sets of first and second positions are respectively set in the magnetic gap 30 Axial on both sides.
  • At least part of the first positions corresponding to the driving voice coil are the same position; and/or, at least part of the second positions corresponding to the driving voice coil are the same position. In this way, the difficulty of design can be reduced, so as to reduce R&D and production costs.
  • the number of said driving voice coils can be selected as three, and they are respectively the first driving voice coil 11, the second driving voice coil 12 and the third driving voice coil 13.
  • the second driving voice coil 12 and the third driving voice coil 13 are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the diaphragm 20, and the first driving voice coil 11 is connected to the diaphragm 20.
  • the first position and the second position corresponding to the first driving voice coil 11 are provided at one position, and they are arranged on the upper side of the magnetic gap 30.
  • first positions and second positions corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12 There are two first positions and second positions corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12, the two first positions are respectively provided on the upper side and the lower side of the magnetic gap 30, and the two second positions are respectively provided On the upper and lower sides of the magnetic gap 30.
  • the first position and the second position corresponding to the third driving voice coil 13 are provided at one position, and they are arranged on the lower side of the magnetic gap 30.
  • the first position on the upper side of the magnetic gap 30 corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12 can be selected as the first position corresponding to the first driving voice coil 11
  • the position is the same position
  • the second position corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12 located on the upper side of the magnetic gap 30 can be selected as the second position corresponding to the first driving voice coil 11 being the same position.
  • the first position corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12 located on the lower side of the magnetic gap 30 can be selected to be the same position as the first position corresponding to the third driving voice coil 13, and the second driving voice coil 12 corresponding to the magnetic gap 30
  • the second position on the lower side of may be selected to be the same position as the second position corresponding to the third driving voice coil 13. In this way, the difficulty of design can be reduced, so as to reduce R&D and production costs.
  • the first position and the second position on the side of the magnetic gap 30 close to the diaphragm 20 are both the same position, and the position setting can be set on the side magnetic conductive plate 72 or the central magnetic conductive plate
  • the surface of the 62 plate facing the diaphragm 20 that is, the upper surface in the state shown in FIGS. 3-5).
  • the first position and the second position on the side of the magnetic gap 30 facing away from the diaphragm 20 are both the same position.
  • This position can be set on the side magnetic conductive plate 72 or the central magnetic conductive plate 62, which faces away from the diaphragm 20.
  • the surface that is, the upper surface in the state shown in Figure 3-5).
  • the performance in this embodiment is that the first position and the second position corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12 located on the upper side of the magnetic gap 30, and the first position and the second position corresponding to the first driving voice coil 11 are both The first position and the second position corresponding to the second driving voice coil 12 located on the lower side of the magnetic gap 30, and the first position and the second position corresponding to the first driving voice coil 11 are the same position.
  • the working process of the speaker 100 is roughly as follows: 1) As shown in FIG. 3, the voice coil assembly 10 moves down to the lower limit position, and the first drive voice coil 11 moves to the magnetic In the gap 30, the first driving voice coil 11 is energized; the second driving voice coil 12 and the third driving voice coil 13 both move out of the magnetic gap 30, and the second driving voice coil 12 and the third driving voice coil 13 are both de-energized. 2) As shown in Figure 4, the second driving voice coil 12 moves into the magnetic gap 30, and the second driving voice coil 12 is energized; the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13 both move outside the magnetic gap 30, Both the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13 are powered off. 3) As shown in Fig.
  • the voice coil assembly 10 moves upward to the upper limit position, the third driving voice coil 13 moves into the magnetic gap 30, and the third driving voice coil 13 is energized; the first driving voice coil 11 and the second driving voice coil 13 are energized.
  • the voice coils 12 all move out of the magnetic gap 30, and both the first driving voice coil 11 and the second driving voice coil 12 are powered off.
  • control unit includes a plurality of control switches, and each of the driving voice coils is connected in series with a control switch, and the control switch has a driving voice coil connected in series with the control switch to move in a direction close to the magnetic gap 30. The on state when it reaches the first position, and the off state when the driving voice coil connected in series with the control switch moves in a direction away from the magnetic gap 30 to the second position.
  • control switch may be arranged on the lead wire driving the voice coil, or may be arranged in an external circuit.
  • the control unit controls the control switch of the driving voice coil series to switch to the on state, so that the driving voice coil Power on; when any one of the driving voice coils moves to the second position in a direction away from the magnetic gap 30, the control unit controls the control switch of the driving voice coil series to switch to the off state, so that the driving voice coil is disconnected Electricity.
  • the control switch of each driving voice coil in series it is possible to control the power-on or power-off of each driving voice coil.
  • control switch may be arranged in the internal space of the speaker 100, or on the surface of the speaker 100, or even on the control circuit board of the electronic device.
  • control switch which can be physical (such as a relay, or a micro switch, etc.), or a circuit design (such as an integrated circuit, etc.), etc. .
  • control unit further includes a detection unit for detecting the movement position of the driving voice coil. In this way, the control unit can control the on-off of the control switch according to the position of the driving voice coil detected by the detection unit, so as to control the power-on state of the driving voice coil.
  • the detection unit includes a position sensor for fixed-point detection or real-time detection of the moving position of the voice coil assembly 10.
  • the position sensor may be an infrared sensor or the like, and a set of position sensors is provided for each driving voice coil.
  • the transmitting part of the corresponding position sensor is arranged on the central magnetic conductive plate 62 or the side magnetic plate, etc., and the receiving part is correspondingly arranged on the voice coil assembly 10 or the diaphragm 20.
  • the signal sent by the transmitter of the sensor is received by the receiver to detect that the voice coil is driven to move to the first position or the second position.
  • the position sensor can detect both the first position and the second position.
  • the second position when working, when the driving voice coil moves to this position for the first time, it means that the driving voice coil moves to the first position in the direction close to the magnetic gap 30; then, when the driving voice coil is second, When the fourth even number of times moves to this position, it means that the driving voice coil moves in the direction away from the magnetic gap 30 to the second position; when the driving voice coil moves to this position for the third or fifth odd number of times, it means that the driving voice coil moves to this position.
  • the driving voice coil moves to the first position in a direction approaching the magnetic gap 30.
  • first position and the second position of the driving voice coil are different positions
  • two position sensors need to be provided, one of which is used to detect the driving voice coil in Move to the first position in the direction close to the magnetic gap 30 (for example, when the receiving part of the position sensor receives the signal from the transmitting part for the odd number of times, it means that the driving voice coil moves to the direction close to the magnetic gap 30
  • the first position is ignored when the receiving part of the position sensor receives the signal from the transmitting part for the even number of times), and the other position sensor is used to detect that the driving voice coil moves in the direction away from the magnetic gap 30 to the second position .
  • the position sensor can be a laser sensor, etc., and the position sensor can be arranged on the magnetic yoke 50 and corresponding to the lower end of the driving voice coil to monitor the voice coil in real time.
  • the movement position of the component 10 can be used to detect the movement position of each driving voice coil in real time.
  • the sensor can also be arranged on the basin frame 40 or the side magnetic conductive plate 72 or the central magnetic conductive plate 62 to monitor the movement position of the diaphragm 20 in real time, so as to detect the movement position of each driving voice coil in real time.
  • the detection unit includes a detection circuit for detecting the voltage parameter or the current parameter of the voice coil assembly 10 to detect the moving position of the driving voice coil.
  • the detection circuit for detecting the voltage parameter or the current parameter of the voice coil assembly 10 to detect the moving position of the driving voice coil.
  • a plurality of the driving voice coils can be connected in parallel.
  • a bypass circuit is connected in parallel outside each of the driving voice coils and the control switch connected in series.
  • a bypass switch is provided.
  • the bypass switch has a conduction state when the driving voice coil moves to the first position in the direction close to the magnetic gap 30, and the driving voice coil bobbin moves away from the magnetic gap 30. The disconnected state when moving up to the second position. In this way, it is possible to prevent the change of the energization state of a single driving voice coil from affecting the operation of the entire voice coil assembly 10.
  • the control unit controls the drive voice coils connected in series.
  • the control switch is switched to the on state, and the bypass switch corresponding to the driving switch is controlled to be switched to the off state, so that the driving voice coil is energized and the operation of the voice coil assembly 10 is avoided; when any one of the driving sounds
  • the control unit controls the control switch of the drive voice coil to switch to the off state, and controls the bypass switch corresponding to the drive voice coil to switch to The conducting state is used to power off the driving voice coil and avoid affecting the operation of the voice coil assembly 10.
  • a plurality of driving voice coils are connected in series in sequence.
  • each of the driving voice coils and the control switches connected in series is connected in parallel with a bypass circuit, and the bypass circuit is provided with a bypass switch.
  • the ratio of the axial length of the driving voice coil to the axial length of the magnetic gap 30 is greater than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 2.5. In this way, it can be ensured that when the driving voice coil is energized, it can be in an area where the magnetic lines of induction are densely distributed.
  • the axial length of the magnetic gap 30 refers to the length of the magnetic gap 30 in the extending direction of the center line of the voice coil assembly 10.
  • the ratio of the axial length of the driving voice coil to the axial length of the magnetic gap 30 is greater than or equal to 0.85 and less than or equal to 2. More specifically, the ratio of the axial length of the driving voice coil to the axial length of the magnetic gap 30 is greater than or equal to 1, and less than or equal to 1.5.
  • the driving voice coil is formed by winding a self-adhesive enameled wire, and two adjacently connected driving voice coils are connected by the self-adhesive varnish of the self-adhesive enameled wire.
  • the self-adhesive enameled wire is a special kind of enameled wire, which is sticky after heating, and its stickiness is good.
  • two adjacent driving voice coils can be wound in close proximity and connected together by a self-adhesive varnish of a self-adhesive enameled wire.
  • the self-adhesive enameled wire can be blown with hot air to make it sticky, so that the adjacent enameled wires will be bonded together during the winding.
  • the adhesive force between the two adjacent driving voice coils is relatively high, so that the adjacent driving voice coils can be improved.
  • the connection strength of the two driving voice coils; moreover, the temperature resistance performance can also be improved.
  • a plurality of the driving voice coils are formed by winding on the same winding tool. Specifically, a plurality of the driving voice coils are wound in sequence and in close proximity to the same winding tool. In this way, by winding a plurality of the driving voice coils on the same winding tool, not only the concentricity of the plurality of driving voice coils can be improved, but also the junction of two adjacent driving voice coils can be wound. The arrangement is close, so that the acoustic performance of the speaker 100 can be improved.
  • the voice coil assembly 10 has a middle section.
  • the middle section of the voice coil assembly 10 refers to a section that passes through the midpoint of the center line of the voice coil assembly 10 and is perpendicular to the center line.
  • the conductivity of the driving voice coil arranged close to the middle section of the coil assembly is greater than the conductivity of the driving voice coil arranged far from the middle section of the coil assembly.
  • the driving voice coil arranged close to the middle section of the voice coil assembly 10 most of the time is in the magnetic gap 30 or in an area where the magnetic line of induction is densely distributed.
  • the driving voice coil arranged close to the middle section of the coil assembly The electrical conductivity of is greater than the electrical conductivity of the driving voice coil disposed far away from the middle section of the coil assembly, which can not only effectively improve the distribution of the BL value, but also the effective value of the total BL value of the speaker 100.
  • the radial thickness of the driving voice coil disposed near the middle section is greater than the radial thickness of the driving voice coil disposed far from the middle section; and/or, near the middle section
  • the axial length of the driving voice coil arranged in the cross section is greater than the axial length of the driving voice coil arranged away from the middle cross section. Therefore, the overall weight of the voice coil assembly 10 can be reduced to improve the sensitivity of the speaker 100.
  • the first type of driving voice coil and the third type of driving voice coil are the driving voice coils that are located away from the middle section of the coil assembly, and the third type of driving voice coil is the driving that is set close to the middle section of the coil assembly. Voice coil.
  • the conductivity of the second driving voice coil 12 can be made greater than the conductivity of the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13; and/or, the radial thickness of the second driving voice coil 12 is greater than The radial thickness of the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13; and/or the axial length of the second driving voice coil 12 is greater than the axial length of the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13 .
  • the driving voice coil can also be designed from other angles. Specifically, it can be understood that the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 not only needs to provide vibration driving force, but also needs to connect the diaphragm 20 to other driving voice coils; moreover, the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 Most of the time it is in an area where the magnetic lines of induction are sparsely distributed. Therefore, the wire for driving the voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 can be a copper-clad aluminum enameled wire or an aluminum enameled wire. Wherein, the mass percentage of copper in the wire for driving the voice coil is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 15%. Optionally, the wire for driving the voice coil is 15% copper-clad aluminum wire, 12% copper-clad aluminum wire, 10% copper-clad aluminum wire, 8% copper-clad aluminum wire, 5% copper-clad aluminum wire, or pure aluminum wire .
  • the structural strength of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 can be ensured, and it has a strong heat dissipation capacity; it can also be ensured that the driving voice coil has a certain conductivity, so that the driving voice coil can be energized.
  • the driving voice coil When generating effective driving force, reduce power consumption; it can also facilitate the reduction of the weight of the driving voice coil, which can facilitate the reduction of the overall weight of the voice coil assembly 10, so as to reduce the burden of the voice coil assembly 10 when it vibrates, and thereby It is convenient to improve/guarantee the sensitivity of the speaker 100.
  • the radial thickness of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 is smaller than the radial thickness of the remaining driving voice coils. In this way, the weight of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 can be easily reduced, so as to reduce the overall weight of the voice coil assembly 10.
  • the inner ring surface of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 is arranged close to the inner ring surfaces of the remaining driving voice coils; optionally, the inner ring surface of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 and The inner ring surfaces of the remaining driving voice coils are aligned.
  • the axial length of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 is smaller than the axial length of the remaining driving voice coils. In this way, the weight of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20 can be easily reduced, so as to reduce the overall weight of the voice coil assembly 10.
  • At least one of the above methods can be used to reduce the weight of the driving voice coil connected to the diaphragm 20, so as to reduce the overall weight of the voice coil assembly 10. To improve the sensitivity of the speaker 100.
  • the above two design methods for driving voice coils can be combined; for example, the radial thickness of the second driving voice coil 12 is greater than the radial thickness of the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13, and The radial thickness of the third driving voice coil 13 is greater than the radial thickness of the first driving voice coil 11; another example is that the axial length of the second driving voice coil 12 is greater than the shafts of the first driving voice coil 11 and the third driving voice coil 13 The axial length of the third driving voice coil 13 is greater than the axial length of the first driving voice coil 11.
  • the voice coil assembly 10 further includes two detection voice coils connected in series, and the two detection voice coils connected in series are connected in parallel with the driving voice coil. Used to connect with external circuits.
  • the detection unit includes a detection circuit for detecting a potential difference between two detection voice coils in series.
  • the two detection voice coils connected in series have different positions in the magnetic field, so the magnetic induction intensity passing through the two detection voice coils is also different.
  • the induced electromotive force generated by the detection voice coil is also different.
  • the relative position of the two detection voice coils in the magnetic field can be calculated in real time, and the vibration position of each driving voice coil in the magnetic field can be detected.
  • the two detection voice coils may be connected and arranged adjacently, or may be dispersedly connected to a plurality of driving voice coils.
  • the two detection voice coils are arranged in close proximity and are arranged at the middle section of the voice coil assembly 10 to improve the detection accuracy of the detection unit.
  • the detection voice coil is formed by winding self-adhesive enameled wire, and two adjacently connected detection voice coils are connected by the self-adhesive varnish of the self-adhesive enameled wire; or, the detection is arranged adjacently The voice coil and the driving voice coil are connected by the self-adhesive varnish of the self-adhesive enameled wire.
  • the axial length of the detecting voice coil is smaller than the axial length of the driving voice coil.
  • the diaphragm 20 includes a diaphragm body 21 and a Dome 22.
  • the speaker 100 includes a centering support piece 90 that elastically supports the vibration system.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a housing and a speaker, and the speaker is provided in the housing.
  • the specific structure of the loudspeaker refers to the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the electronic device of the present invention adopts all the technical solutions of all the above-mentioned embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here. .
  • the speaker is arranged in the housing.
  • the housing is provided with sound holes corresponding to the diaphragm.
  • the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, MP3, MP4, MP5, mobile phone, tablet computer, or hearing aid.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种扬声器和电子设备。该扬声器包括控制单元、振动系统和具有磁间隙的磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和音圈组件，所述音圈组件包括多个驱动音圈；所述控制单元用于在任意一个驱动音圈向靠近磁间隙的方向上运动至第一位置时，控制该驱动音圈通电；所述控制单元还用于在任意一个驱动音圈向远离磁间隙的方向上运动至第二位置时，控制该驱动音圈断电。如此，根据扬声器的磁场分布来对各驱动音圈的通电状态进行控制，可使得通电的驱动音圈始终处于磁感线分布较密集的区域内，从而不仅可降低功耗，还可提高扬声器的声学性能。

Description

扬声器和电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及声电设备技术领域，特别涉及一种扬声器和电子设备。
背景技术
微型扬声器广泛应用于手机、笔记本电脑、助听器等便携式电子设备。随着这些便携式电子设备的快速发展，人们对应用于其中的微型电声器件的要求也越来越高。
具体的，扬声器通常包括盆架及安装于盆架的振动系统、磁路系统；磁路系统形成有磁间隙，磁间隙内产生有磁场，振动系统包括振膜和连接于振膜并伸入磁间隙内的音圈组件。
扬声器工作时，音圈组件通电，并在磁间隙的磁场的作用下带动振膜振动，以策动空气发声。但是，在扬声器工作时，音圈组件的较多部分结构未处于磁间隙内而造成空耗，从而使扬声器的功耗较大。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种扬声器，旨在扬声器功耗较大的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种扬声器，包括：
磁路系统，所述磁路系统具有磁间隙；
振动系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和连接于所述振膜的音圈组件，所述音圈组件对应所述磁间隙设置，所述音圈组件包括多个驱动音圈；以及
控制单元，所述控制单元用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第一位置时，控制该驱动音圈通电；所述控制单元还用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第二位置时，控制该驱动音圈断电。
可选地，所述控制单元包括多个控制开关，每一个所述驱动音圈均串联有一个所述控制开关，所述控制开关具有在该控制开关串联的所述驱动音圈 向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第一位置时的导通状态、及在该控制开关串联的所述驱动音圈向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第二位置时的断开状态。
可选地，对于在振动过程中，既可以向靠近所述振膜的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙，又可以向远离所述振膜的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙的驱动音圈，其对应的所述第一位置和第二位置均设有两个，该两个第一位置分别设于所述磁间隙的轴向两侧，该两个所述第二位置分别设于所述磁间隙的轴向两侧。
可选地，至少部分所述驱动音圈对应的第一位置为同一位置；和/或，至少部分所述驱动音圈对应的第二位置为同一位置。
可选地，所述驱动音圈的轴向长度与所述磁间隙的轴向长度之比大于或等于0.6，且小于或等于2.5。
可选地，所述控制单元还包括检测单元，所述检测单元用于检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置。
可选地，所述检测单元包括位置传感器，所述位置传感器用于定点检测或实时检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置；或者，
所述检测单元包括检测电路，所述检测电路用于检测所述音圈组件的电压参数或电流参数以检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置。
可选地，所述音圈组件还包括相互串联的两个检测音圈，两个所述检测音圈与所述驱动音圈并联，所述检测单元包括检测电路，所述检测电路用于检测所述两个检测音圈串联处的电势差。
可选地，多个所述驱动音圈并联。
可选地，至少两个所述驱动音圈串联，对于该串联连接的所述驱动音圈，每一个所述驱动音圈及其串联的控制开关外并联有旁通电路，所述旁通电路上设有旁通开关，所述旁通开关具有在该驱动音圈向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至所述第一位置时的导通状态、及在该驱动音圈骨架向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至所述第二位置时的断开状态。
可选地，所述音圈组件具有中截面；
靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的导电率大于远离所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的导电率；和/或，
靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度大于远离所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度；和/或，
靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度大于远离所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度。
可选地，与所述振膜连接的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度小于其余所述驱动音圈的径向厚度；和/或，
与所述振膜连接的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度小于其余所述驱动音圈的轴向长度。
可选地，所述驱动音圈采用自粘性漆包线绕制形成，相邻连接的两个所述驱动音圈通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆相连接。
本发明还提出一种电子设备，包括壳体和扬声器，所述扬声器设于所述壳体。所述扬声器包括：
磁路系统，所述磁路系统具有磁间隙；
振动系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和连接于所述振膜的音圈组件，所述音圈组件对应所述磁间隙设置，所述音圈组件包括多个驱动音圈；以及
控制单元，所述控制单元用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第一位置时，控制该驱动音圈通电；所述控制单元还用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第二位置时，控制该驱动音圈断电。
本发明扬声器，通过对各驱动音圈的通电状态进行控制，即控制进入磁感线较密集区域的驱动音圈通电，以提供驱动力；并控制进入磁感线较稀疏区域的驱动音圈断电，以降低功耗；如此根据扬声器的磁场分布来对各驱动音圈的通电状态进行控制，可使得通电的驱动音圈始终处于磁感线分布较密集的区域内，从而不仅可减少无效通电时间，降低功耗；还可以改善扬声器的BL曲线平坦程度，从而可改善振动系统振动的对称性，降低谐波失真，进而提高扬声器的声学性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明扬声器一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1中音圈组件的结构示意图；
图3为本发明扬声器中，音圈组件在磁间隙内运动到下极限位置的结构示意图；
图4为图3中音圈组件在磁间隙内运动到上极限位置与下极限位置之间某位置的结构示意图；其中，第二驱动音圈处于磁感线分布较密集区域；
图5为图3中音圈组件在磁间隙内运动到上极限位置的结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
100 扬声器 40 盆架
10 音圈组件 50 导磁轭
11 第一驱动音圈 60 中心磁路
12 第二驱动音圈 61 中心磁铁
13 第三驱动音圈 62 中心导磁板
20 振膜 70 边磁路
21 膜本体 71 边磁铁
22 Dome 72 边导磁板
30 磁间隙 90 定心支片
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。
另外，全文中出现的“和/或”的含义为，包括三个并列的方案，以“A和/或B”为例，包括A方案，或B方案，或A和B同时满足的方案。
本发明提出一种扬声器。可选地，所述扬声器可用于电子设备，如手机、MP3、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、助听器等便携式电子设备。
在本发明一实施例中，该扬声器100包括磁路系统和振动系统。具体的，如图1所示，所述扬声器100通常还包括盆架40，所述磁路系统和振动系统均安装在该盆架40上。
其中，所述磁路系统具有磁间隙30。在具体实施例中，所述磁路系统的结构形式多种多样，以下仅举例进行说明，但其并不用于限缩本发明。
具体的，如图1、及3-5所示，在磁路系统的一实施例中，所述磁路系统包括安装于盆架40的导磁轭50、以及安装在导磁轭50上的中心磁路60和边磁路70。所述中心磁路60包括安装在导磁轭50上的中心磁铁61、及设置于中心磁铁61上的中心导磁板62；所述边磁路70包括安装在导磁轭50上的边磁铁71及设于边磁铁71上的边导磁板72；所述边磁铁71和边磁板分布在中心磁铁61的周侧，中心导磁板62与边导磁板72之间形成磁间隙30。
当然，在其他实施例中，所述磁路系统也可设置为其他结构形式，比如在磁路系统的另一实施例中，所述磁路系统包括安装于盆架40的T铁和安装在T铁的基座上的边磁路70，该边磁路70包括边磁铁71及设于边磁铁71上的边导磁板72，所述T铁的立柱上端与边磁路70的边导磁板72之间形成磁间隙30。又比如，在磁路系统的又一实施例中，所述磁路系统包括安装于盆架40的U铁和安装在U铁的底板上的中心磁路60，该中心磁路60包括中心磁铁61及设于边磁铁71上的中心导磁板62，所述U铁的侧壁上端与中心磁路60的中心导磁板62之间形成磁间隙30；等等。
其中，所述振动系统包括振膜20和连接于振膜20的音圈组件10，所述音圈组件10对应磁间隙30设置，所述音圈组件10用于与外部电路连接。具体的，所述振膜20安装于盆架40，所述音圈组件10的一端连接于振膜20，另一端伸入磁间隙30内，在图3-5示的状态下，所述音圈组件10的上端连接于振膜20，下端伸入磁间隙30内。
进一步地，如图1-5所示，所述音圈组件10包括多个(即大于或等于两个)驱动音圈；其中，每一个驱动音圈均用于与外部电路连接。
在本实施例中，多个驱动音圈依次连接。具体的，多个驱动音圈均具有同向的第一端和第二端，对于相邻的两个驱动音圈，其中一个驱动音圈的第一端与另一个驱动音圈的第二端连接。
进一步地，所述扬声器100还包括控制单元(图未示)，所述控制单元用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置时，控制该驱动音圈通电(即控制该驱动音圈与外部电路处于导通状态)；所述控制单元还用于在任意一个驱动音圈向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置时，控制该驱动音圈断电(即控制该驱动音圈与外部电路处于断开状态)。
可以理解，在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上，磁感应线的分布密度逐渐增大，磁场强度逐渐增大；在向远离磁间隙30的方向上，磁感应线的分布密度逐渐减小，磁场强度逐渐减小。
通过对第一位置和第二位置的位置进行设计，可使：任意一个所述驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置后进入磁感线分布较密集区域，该区域内磁感应线分布较密集、磁场强度较大，该驱动音圈通电后可产生较大的驱动力，以驱动音圈组件10和振膜20一起振动，从而可使振膜20策动空气发声。
也可使：任意一个所述驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置后进入磁感线分布较稀疏区域，该区域内，磁感应线分布较稀疏、磁场强度较小，若继续使该驱动音圈通电，只会徒增功耗，却无法产生有效的驱动力，因此使该驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置后断电可降低功耗；此时需要指出的是，当该驱动音圈断电后，会有另外一个或多个驱动音圈在通电中，以产生足够的驱动力来驱动音圈组件10和振膜20振动。
如此，在扬声器100的工作时，可使任意一个所述驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置时通电，以使通电后的该驱动音圈产生驱动力，以驱动音圈组件10和振膜20振动；并可使任意一个所述驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置时断电，以降低功耗。
本发明扬声器100，根据扬声器100的磁场分布来对各驱动音圈的通电状态进行控制，即可实现控制进入磁感线较密集区域的驱动音圈通电，以提供驱动力；并控制进入磁感线较稀疏区域的驱动音圈断电，以降低功耗；如此可使得通电的驱动音圈处于磁感线分布较密集的区域内，断电的驱动音圈处于磁感线分布较稀疏的区域内，从而不仅可减少各个驱动音圈的无效通电时间，降低功耗/空耗；还可以改善扬声器100的BL曲线平坦程度，从而可改善振动系统振动的对称性和线性，降低谐波失真，进而可提高扬声器100的声学性能。
在具体实施例中，可以根据磁感线的分布情况、各个驱动音圈的轴向长度比例、以及音圈组件10在平衡状态下在磁间隙30内的位置等因素来设计各个驱动音圈各自对应的第一位置和第二位置的位置，以提高音圈组件10的振动稳定性和对称性，从而可提高扬声器100的整体声学性能。其中，驱动音圈的轴向是指音圈组件10的中心线的延伸方向，驱动音圈的轴向长度是指驱动音圈在音圈组件10的中心线的延伸方向上的长度。
当然，为了降低设计难度，以降低研发和生产成本，也可使同一驱动音圈对应的第一位置和第二位置为同一位置。或者，不同的驱动音圈对应的第一位置为同一位置；和/或，不同的驱动音圈对应的第二位置为同一位置。以下举例进行说明。
可以理解，对于多个驱动音圈，根据振动系统的振动特性可分为三类，即，1)第一类驱动音圈：只能够在向靠近振膜20的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙30，如靠近振膜20设置的一个或两个驱动音；2)第二类驱动音圈：只能够在向远离所述振膜20的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙30，如在音圈组件10的远离振膜20的一端设置的一个或两个驱动音圈；3)第三类驱动音圈：既可以在向靠近振膜20的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙30，又可以在向远离所述振膜20的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙30，如设于第一类驱动音圈与第二类驱动音圈之间的驱动音圈。
对于第一类驱动音圈，其对应的第一位置和第二位置设有一个，并可选地位于磁间隙30的靠近振膜20的一侧。
对于第二类驱动音圈，其对应的第一位置和第二位置设有一个，并可选地位于磁间隙30的远离振膜20的一侧。
对于第三类驱动音圈，即既可以向靠近所述振膜20的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙30，又可以向远离所述振膜20的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙30的驱动音圈，其对应的所述第一位置和第二位置均设有两个，该两个第一位置分别设于所述磁间隙30的轴向两侧，该两个所述第二位置分别设于所述磁间隙30的轴向两侧。其中，磁间隙30的轴向两侧为磁间隙30的靠近振膜20的一侧、磁间隙30的远离振膜20的一侧。如此，可进一步地提高扬声器100的性能。也可以说，对于第三类驱动音圈，其对应的所述第一位置和第二位置设有两组，该两组所述第一位置和第二位置分别设于所述磁间隙30的轴向两侧。
可选地，至少部分所述驱动音圈对应的第一位置为同一位置；和/或，至少部分所述驱动音圈对应的第二位置为同一位置。如此，可降低设计难度，以降低研发和生产成本。
在本实施例中，所述驱动音圈的数量可选为三个，并分别为第一驱动音圈11、第二驱动音圈12和第三驱动音圈13，所述第一驱动音圈11、第二驱动音圈12和第三驱动音圈13在远离振膜20的方向上依次设置，所述第一驱动音圈11与振膜20连接。在图3-5示的状态下，所述第一驱动音圈11对应的第一位置和第二位置设有一个，并设于磁间隙30的上侧。所述第二驱动音圈12对应的第一位置和第二位置均设有两个，该两个第一位置分别设于磁间隙30的上侧和下侧，该两个第二位置分别设于磁间隙30的上侧和下侧。所述第三驱动音圈13对应的第一位置和第二位置设有一个，并设于磁间隙30的下侧。
在此需要指出的是，在图3-5示的状态下，第二驱动音圈12对应的位于磁间隙30的上侧的第一位置可选为与第一驱动音圈11对应的第一位置为同一位置，第二驱动音圈12对应的位于磁间隙30的上侧的第二位置可选为与第一驱动音圈11对应的第二位置为同一位置。第二驱动音圈12对应的位于磁间隙30的下侧的第一位置可选为与第三驱动音圈13对应的第一位置为同 一位置，第二驱动音圈12对应的位于磁间隙30的下侧的第二位置可选为与第三驱动音圈13对应的第二位置为同一位置。如此，可降低设计难度，以降低研发和生产成本。
更为具体的，可选地，位于磁间隙30的靠近振膜20的一侧的第一位置和第二位置均为同一位置，该位置设置可设于边导磁板72或中心导磁板62板的朝向振膜20的表面(即图3-5示状态下的上表面)。位于磁间隙30的背向振膜20的一侧的第一位置和第二位置均为同一位置，该位置设置可设于边导磁板72或中心导磁板62板的背向振膜20的表面(即图3-5示状态下的上表面)。在本实施例中的表现为：第二驱动音圈12对应的位于磁间隙30的上侧的第一位置和第二位置、及第一驱动音圈11对应的第一位置和第二位置均为同一位置；第二驱动音圈12对应的位于磁间隙30的下侧的第一位置和第二位置、及第一驱动音圈11对应的第一位置和第二位置均为同一位置。
具体的，在图3-5示的状态下，扬声器100的工作过程大致为：1)如图3所示，音圈组件10向下运动到下极限位置，第一驱动音圈11运动至磁间隙30内，第一驱动音圈11通电；第二驱动音圈12和第三驱动音圈13均运动至磁间隙30外，第二驱动音圈12和第三驱动音圈13均断电。2)如图4所示，第二驱动音圈12运动至磁间隙30内，第二驱动音圈12通电；第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13均运动至磁间隙30外，第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13均断电。3)如图5所示，音圈组件10向上运动到上极限位置，第三驱动音圈13运动至磁间隙30内，第三驱动音圈13通电；第一驱动音圈11和第二驱动音圈12均运动至磁间隙30外，第一驱动音圈11和第二驱动音圈12均断电。
进一步地，所述控制单元包括多个控制开关，每一个所述驱动音圈均串联有一个控制开关，所述控制开关具有在该控制开关串联的驱动音圈向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置时的导通状态、及在该控制开关串联的驱动音圈向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置时的断开状态。可选地，所述控制开关可设于驱动音圈的引线上，也可设置在外部电路中。
具体的，当任意一个所述驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置时，控制单元控制该驱动音圈串联的控制开关切换至导通状态，以使该驱动音圈通电；当任意一个所述驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动 至第二位置时，控制单元控制该驱动音圈串联的控制开关切换至断开状态，以使该驱动音圈断电。如此，通过控制各驱动音圈串联的控制开关的导通或断开状态可实现控制各驱动音圈的通电或断电。
具体的，所述控制开关可设置在扬声器100的内部空间内，也可设置在扬声器100的表面，甚至可以设置在电子设备的控制电路板板上。
需要说明的是，本发明对控制开关的开关形式不作限定，其既可以是物理(如继电器、或微动开关等)上的，也可以是电路设计(如集成电路等)上的，等等。
进一步地，所述控制单元还包括检测单元，所述检测单元用于检测驱动音圈的运动位置。如此，所述控制单元可根据检测单元检测到的驱动音圈的位置来控制控制开关的通断，以控制驱动音圈的通电状态。
在检测单元的一实施例中，所述检测单元包括位置传感器，所述位置传感器用于定点检测或实时检测音圈组件10的运动位置。
具体来说，在使用位置传感器定点检测所述音圈组件10的运动位置的方案中，所述位置传感器可选用红外线传感器等，每一个驱动音圈均对应设置一组位置传感器。
对于其中一个驱动音圈，其对应的位置传感器的发射部设置在中心导磁板62或边磁板等上，接收部对应设置音圈组件10或振膜20上，当该驱动音圈运动到第一位置或第二位置时，传感器的发射部发出的信号被接收部接收以检测出驱动音圈运动到第一位置或第二位置。
需要指出的是，当该驱动音圈的(若有两组的，是指同一组的)第一位置与第二位置为同一位置时，该位置传感器既可以检测第一位置，又可以检测第二位置，工作时，当该驱动音圈第一次运动到该位置时，表示该驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置；那么，当该驱动音圈第二、四等偶数次运动到该位置时，表示该驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置；当该驱动音圈第三、五等奇数次运动到该位置时，表示该驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置。
当该驱动音圈的(若有两组的，是指同一组的)第一位置与第二位置为不同位置时，需设置两个位置传感器，其中一位置传感器用于检测该驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置(如当该位置传感器的接收部 第奇数次接收到发射部发出的信号时，表示该驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置，当该位置传感器的接收部第偶数次接收到发射部发出的信号时忽略)，另一位置传感器用于检测该驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置。
在使用位置传感器实时检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置的方案中，位置传感器可选用激光传感器等，可将位置传感器设置在导磁轭50上并对应驱动音圈下端设置，以实时监测音圈组件10的运动位置，以实时检测出各驱动音圈的运动位置。也可将传感器设置在盆架40或边导磁板72或中心导磁板62上，以实时监测振膜20的运动位置，以实时检测出各驱动音圈的运动位置。
在检测单元的另一实施例中，所述检测单元包括检测电路，所述检测电路用于检测所述音圈组件10的电压参数或电流参数以检测驱动音圈的运动位置。如此，通过设置检测电路以检测音圈组件10的电压或电流变化可实时反映(即计算)出音圈组件10的运动位置，即可实时检测出各驱动音圈的运动位置。
在具体实施例中，可使多个所述驱动音圈并联。
也可使至少两个所述驱动音圈串联，对于该串联连接的至少两个驱动音圈，每一个所述驱动音圈及其串联的控制开关外并联有旁通电路，所述旁通电路上设有旁通开关，所述旁通开关具有在该驱动音圈向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动至第一位置时的导通状态、及在该驱动音圈骨架向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动至第二位置时的断开状态。如此，可避免单个驱动音圈的通电状态的变化对整个音圈组件10的工作造成影响。
具体的，对于该串联连接的至少两个驱动音圈，当其中任意一个驱动音圈在向靠近磁间隙30的方向上运动，并运动至第一位置时，控制单元控制该驱动音圈串联的控制开关切换至导通状态、并控制该驱动开关对应的旁通开关切换至断开状态，以使该驱动音圈通电、并避免对音圈组件10的工作造成影响；当其中任意一个驱动音圈在向远离磁间隙30的方向上运动，并运动至第二位置时，控制单元控制该驱动音圈串联的控制开关切换至断开状态、并控制该驱动音圈对应的旁通开关切换至导通状态，以使该驱动音圈断电、并 避免对音圈组件10的工作造成影响。
在本实施例中，多个驱动音圈依次串联。其中，每一个所述驱动音圈及其串联的控制开关外并联有旁通电路，所述旁通电路上设有旁通开关。
进一步地，所述驱动音圈的轴向长度与磁间隙30的轴向长度之比大于或等于0.6，且小于或等于2.5。如此，可保证驱动音圈通电时可处于磁感线分布较密集的区域内。其中，磁间隙30的轴向长度是指磁间隙30在音圈组件10的中心线的延伸方向上的长度。可选地，所述驱动音圈的轴向长度与磁间隙30的轴向长度之比大于或等于0.85，且小于或等于2。更为具体的，所述驱动音圈的轴向长度与磁间隙30的轴向长度之比大于或等于1，且小于或等于1.5。
进一步地，所述驱动音圈采用自粘性漆包线绕制形成，相邻连接的两个所述驱动音圈通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆相连接。其中，自粘性漆包线为一种特种漆包线，其经加热后具有粘性，且其粘性较好。具体的，在绕制音圈组件10时，可使相邻的两个所述驱动音圈紧邻绕制并通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆连接在一起。
可选地，在绕制音圈组件10时，可使用热风吹拂自粘性漆包线，使其具有粘性，从而在绕制时，相邻绕制的漆包线会粘接在一起。
如此，通过将相邻的两个所述驱动音圈通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆相连接，相邻的两个所述驱动音圈之间的粘接力较高，从而可提高相邻的两个所述驱动音圈的连接强度；而且，还可提高耐温性能。此外，还可避免在相邻的两个所述驱动音圈之间涂覆粘接胶层，从而可避免该粘接胶层对扬声器100的灵敏度造成影响，即有利于提高扬声器100的灵敏度。
进一步地，多个所述驱动音圈在同一绕线工装上绕制形成。具体的，多个所述驱动音圈在同一绕线工装上顺序且紧邻绕制形成。如此，通过将多个所述驱动音圈在同一绕线工装上绕制形成，不仅可以提高多个所述驱动音圈的同心度，还可以使得相邻两个驱动音圈的结合处绕线排列紧密，从而可提高扬声器100的声学性能。
进一步地，所述音圈组件10具有中截面。其中，音圈组件10的中截面是指过音圈组件10中心线的中点并垂直于中心线的截面。靠近圈组件的中截 面设置的驱动音圈的导电率大于远离圈组件的中截面设置的驱动音圈的导电率。
可以理解，靠近音圈组件10的中截面设置的驱动音圈多数时间处于磁间隙30内或者处于磁感线分布较密集的区域内，如此，通过使靠近圈组件的中截面设置的驱动音圈的导电率大于远离圈组件的中截面设置的驱动音圈的导电率，不仅可有效改善BL值的分布，还可以扬声器100总的BL值的有效值。
可选地，也可使：靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度大于远离所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度；和/或，靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度大于远离中截面设置的驱动音圈的轴向长度。从而可减小音圈组件10的总体重量，以提高扬声器100的灵敏性。
结合上文中的内容，可定义第一类驱动音圈和第三类驱动音圈为远离圈组件的中截面设置的驱动音圈，第三类驱动音圈为靠近圈组件的中截面设置的驱动音圈。
在本实施例中，可使第二驱动音圈12的导电率大于第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13的导电率；和/或，第二驱动音圈12的径向厚度大于第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13的径向厚度；和/或，第二驱动音圈12的轴向长度大于第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13的轴向长度。
在另外部分实施例中，也可从其他角度对驱动音圈进行设计。具体来说，可以理解，与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈不仅需要提供振动驱动力，还需要连接振膜20与其他驱动音圈；而且，与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈多数时间是处于磁感线分布较稀疏的区域内。所以，可使得与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的线材为铜包铝漆包线或者铝漆包线。其中，该驱动音圈的线材中铜的质量百分比大于或等于0，且小于或等于15％。可选地，该驱动音圈的线材为15％铜包铝线、12％铜包铝线、10％铜包铝线、8％铜包铝线、5％铜包铝线、或纯铝线。
如此，既可以保证与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的结构强度，且使其具有较强的散热能力；又可以保证该驱动音圈具有一定的导电率，以在该驱动音圈通电时产生有效的驱动力，降低功耗；还可以便于减小该驱动音圈的重量，从而可便于减小音圈组件10的总体重量，以减小音圈组件10在振动时 的负担，进而可便于提高/保证扬声器100的灵敏性。
在该部分实施例中，如图3-5所示，可选地，与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的径向厚度小于其余驱动音圈的径向厚度。如此，可便于减小所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的重量，以减小音圈组件10的总体重量。
具体的，与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的内环面靠近其余的驱动音圈的内环面设置；可选地，与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的内环面与其余的驱动音圈的内环面对齐。
在该部分实施例中，可选地，与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的轴向长度小于其余的驱动音圈的轴向长度。如此，可便于减小与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的重量，以减小音圈组件10的总体重量。
在此需要说明的是，在具体实施时，至少可采用以上方式中的至少一种来减小与所述振膜20连接的驱动音圈的重量，以减小音圈组件10的总体重量，以提高扬声器100的灵敏性。
需要指出的是，以上两种对驱动音圈的设计方式可以相互结合；如第二驱动音圈12的径向厚度大于第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13的径向厚度，且第三驱动音圈13的径向厚度大于第一驱动音圈11的径向厚度；又如第二驱动音圈12的轴向长度大于第一驱动音圈11和第三驱动音圈13的轴向长度，且第三驱动音圈13的轴向长度大于第一驱动音圈11的轴向长度。
在本发明的另一实施例中，所述音圈组件10还包括相互串联的两个检测音圈，相互串联的两个所述检测音圈与所述驱动音圈并联，所述检测音圈用于与外部电路连接。所述检测单元包括检测电路，所述检测电路用于检测两个检测音圈串联处的电势差。
具体来说，在扬声器100工作时，相互串联的两个所述检测音圈由于在磁场中的位置不同，因此穿过该两个所述检测音圈的磁感应强度也不同，从而该两个所述检测音圈产生的感应电动势也不同，通过检测其中该两个所述检测音圈串联处的电压差，可实时计算得出该两个所述检测音圈在磁场中的相对位置，即可检测出音圈组件10在磁场中的振动位置。
如此，通过检测电路检测两个检测音圈串联处的电势差，可以实时计算得出该两个检测音圈在磁场中的相对位置，即可检测出各个驱动音圈在磁场 中的振动位置。
在该实施例中，该两个检测音圈可相邻连接设置，也可分散连接与多个驱动音圈中。可选地，该两个检测音圈紧邻设置，并设于音圈组件10的中截面处，以提高检测单元的检测准确性。
在该实施例中，进一步地，所述检测音圈采用自粘性漆包线绕制形成，相邻连接的两个所述检测音圈通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆相连接；或者，相邻设置检测音圈于驱动音圈通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆相连接。
在该实施例中，进一步地，所述检测音圈的轴向长度小于驱动音圈的轴向长度。
具体的，如图1所示，所述振膜20包括膜本体21和Dome22。
进一步地，如图1所示，所述扬声器100包括对振动系统进行弹性支撑的定心支片90。
本发明还提出一种电子设备，该电子设备包括壳体和扬声器，所述扬声器设于所述壳体。该扬声器的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于本发明电子设备采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
其中，所述扬声器设于所述壳体内。具体的，所述壳体上开设有对应振膜设置的声孔。
所述电子设备包括但不限于MP3、MP4、MP5、手机、平板电脑、或助听器等。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括：
    磁路系统，所述磁路系统具有磁间隙；
    振动系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和连接于所述振膜的音圈组件，所述音圈组件对应所述磁间隙设置，所述音圈组件包括多个驱动音圈；以及
    控制单元，所述控制单元用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第一位置时，控制该驱动音圈通电；所述控制单元还用于在任意一个所述驱动音圈向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第二位置时，控制该驱动音圈断电。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述控制单元包括多个控制开关，每一个所述驱动音圈均串联有一个所述控制开关，所述控制开关具有在该控制开关串联的所述驱动音圈向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第一位置时的导通状态、及在该控制开关串联的所述驱动音圈向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至第二位置时的断开状态。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，对于在振动过程中，既可以向靠近所述振膜的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙，又可以向远离所述振膜的方向运动而脱离所述磁间隙的驱动音圈，其对应的所述第一位置和第二位置均设有两个，该两个第一位置分别设于所述磁间隙的轴向两侧，该两个所述第二位置分别设于所述磁间隙的轴向两侧。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，至少部分所述驱动音圈对应的第一位置为同一位置；和/或，至少部分所述驱动音圈对应的第二位置为同一位置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动音圈的轴向长度与所述磁间隙的轴向长度之比大于或等于0.6，且小于或等于2.5。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述控制单元还包括检测单元，所述检测单元用于检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述检测单元包括位置传感器，所述位置传感器用于定点检测或实时检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置；或者，
    所述检测单元包括检测电路，所述检测电路用于检测所述音圈组件的电压参数或电流参数以检测所述驱动音圈的运动位置。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述音圈组件还包括相互串联的两个检测音圈，两个所述检测音圈与所述驱动音圈并联，所述检测单元包括检测电路，所述检测电路用于检测所述两个检测音圈串联处的电势差。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，多个所述驱动音圈并联。
  10. 如权利要求2至7中任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，至少两个所述驱动音圈串联，对于该串联连接的所述驱动音圈，每一个所述驱动音圈及其串联的控制开关外并联有旁通电路，所述旁通电路上设有旁通开关，所述旁通开关具有在该驱动音圈向靠近所述磁间隙的方向上运动至所述第一位置时的导通状态、及在该驱动音圈骨架向远离所述磁间隙的方向上运动至所述第二位置时的断开状态。
  11. 如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述音圈组件具有中截面；
    靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的导电率大于远离所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的导电率；和/或，
    靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度大于远离所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度；和/或，
    靠近所述中截面设置的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度大于远离所述中截面设 置的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度。
  12. 如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，与所述振膜连接的所述驱动音圈的径向厚度小于其余所述驱动音圈的径向厚度；和/或，
    与所述振膜连接的所述驱动音圈的轴向长度小于其余所述驱动音圈的轴向长度。
  13. 如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动音圈采用自粘性漆包线绕制形成，相邻连接的两个所述驱动音圈通过自粘性漆包线的自粘性漆相连接。
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括壳体和如权利要求1至13中任意一项所述的扬声器，所述扬声器设于所述壳体。
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