WO2021100235A1

WO2021100235A1 - Hood lock device

Info

Publication number: WO2021100235A1
Application number: PCT/JP2020/025475
Authority: WO
Inventors: 久美子佐藤; 正純宮川
Original assignee: 三井金属アクト株式会社
Priority date: 2019-11-18
Filing date: 2020-06-29
Publication date: 2021-05-27
Also published as: CN216130717U; JP2021080698A; JP7384338B2

Abstract

Provided is a hood lock device that prevents an impact, generated when a hood is closed, from being transmitted to a release handle.　The present invention is equipped with: a secondary latch 3 which can hold a hood in a half-open position by engaging with a striker S and forcibly operates in a release direction from a standby position by making contact with the striker S according to the closing operation of the hood; a secondary lever 5 rotatable independently of the secondary latch 3; and a release handle 4 made of a synthetic resin and directly connected to the secondary lever 5. The secondary lever 5 is configured to: rotate in the release direction from the standby position by the release operation of the release handle 4 to transmit the rotation to the secondary latch 3; cause the secondary latch 3 to rotate in the release direction to be released from the engagement of the striker S; and not to be interlocked with the forced operation of the secondary latch 3.

Description

Hood lock device

The present invention relates to a hood lock device used for an automobile hood.

Normally, the hood lock device is attached to the radiator core support in the engine room of the automobile, and the hood is fully closed by engaging with a striker provided in the hood that is pivotally supported vertically on the vehicle body. By inserting a hand through the gap between the front end of the hood and the radiator grille at the half-open position of the hood and the primary latch that holds the hood in the half-open position slightly open from the fully closed position. , A release handle portion that enables the release operation of the secondary latch is provided.

In the hood lock device described in Patent Document 1, a hook lever made of synthetic resin capable of engaging a secondary latch (“lock lever” in Cited Document 1) for holding the hood in a half-open position with respect to a striker. The structure is such that a release handle made of synthetic resin, which is set for each vehicle type, is connected to the part.

Japanese Patent No. 5523138

However, in the hood lock device described in Patent Document 1, each time the hood is closed, the striker comes into contact with the upper surface of the hook lever portion, and the hook lever portion is vigorously forcibly operated in the release direction. , Since the impact is repeatedly applied to the connection portion between the hook lever portion and the release handle portion, there is a problem in the durability of the connection portion.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a hood lock device having excellent durability by preventing the impact when the hood is closed from being transmitted to the release handle portion.

According to the present invention, the above problems are solved as follows.
The present invention has a base plate having a striker entry groove into which a striker provided on a hood fixed to the vehicle body and pivotally supported on the vehicle body can be opened and closed by the closing operation of the hood, and the striker pivotally supported on the base plate. A primary latch that can rotate to a latch position corresponding to the fully closed position of the hood by engaging with the striker that has entered the entry groove, and a primary latch that is pivotally supported by the base plate and engaged with the striker. By engaging, the ratchet that restrains the primary latch to the latch position, and by engaging with the striker, which is pivotally supported by the base plate, the hood is moved to a half-open position slightly opened from the fully closed position. A secondary latch that can be held and that is forced to rotate from the standby position in the release direction by abutting with the striker when the hood is closed, and a secondary latch that is pivotally supported by the base plate and A secondary lever that can rotate independently and a release handle portion made of synthetic resin that is directly connected to the secondary lever are provided, and the secondary lever rotates from the standby position to the release direction by the release operation of the release handle portion. The rotation is transmitted to the secondary latch to operate the secondary latch in a disengagement direction from the striker's engagement, but is not interlocked with the forced operation of the secondary latch. ..

Preferably, the secondary latch and the secondary lever are pivotally supported on the base plate so as to be rotatable independently of each other on a coaxial line.

Preferably, the secondary lever has an operation output unit that rotates the secondary latch in the release direction by contacting the operation input unit provided on the secondary latch when the secondary lever is rotated in the release direction.

Preferably, the operation output portion of the secondary lever is provided with an elastic member capable of contacting the operation input portion of the secondary latch.

Preferably, the secondary lever abuts on the stopper portion provided on the base plate to stop at the standby position, and the secondary latch is urged toward the standby position by the second spring and at the standby position. The operation input portion comes into contact with the elastic member.

Preferably, the release handle portion is directly connected to the secondary lever by inserting a front-protruding insertion protrusion provided in the secondary lever into an insertion hole provided in the front-rear direction.

According to the present invention, the forced operation of the secondary latch when the hood is closed is not transmitted to the secondary lever directly connected to the release handle portion, so that the connection portion between the secondary lever and the release handle portion is prevented from being damaged for durability. It can be improved.

It is a perspective view seen from the front of the automobile equipped with the hood lock device which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view seen from the front of the hood lock device. It is an exploded perspective view of the hood lock device. It is a front view of the hood lock device. It is a rear view of the hood lock device. It is a right side view of a hood lock device. It is an enlarged front view of the main part when the primary latch function part is in an unlatch state. It is an enlarged front view of the main part when the primary latch function part is in a latch state. It is an enlarged front view of the main part when the secondary latch function part is in a standby state. It is an enlarged front view of the main part when the secondary latch function part is in the released state. It is an enlarged front view of the main part of the secondary latch function part when the secondary latch is forcibly operated. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line XII-XII in FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the line XIII-XIII in FIG. It is a vertical cross-sectional enlarged view of the main part for clarifying the connection part between a secondary lever and a release handle part.

Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the hood lock device 1 is attached to a radiator core support (hereinafter referred to as "body") in the engine room of the front part of the automobile V, and the rear part of the hood lock device 1 is pivotally supported by the vehicle body so as to be vertically openable and closable. A primary latch function that restrains the hood H to a fully closed position by engaging with a striker S provided at the front of the hood H, and a secondary latch function that holds the hood H in a semi-open position slightly open from the fully closed position. And.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, the hood lock device 1 includes a metal base plate 2 fixed to a vehicle body by bolts (not shown). A secondary latch 3 that holds the hood H in the half-open position by engaging with the striker S and a release handle portion 4 that is operated when the secondary latch 3 is released are directly connected to the front surface of the base plate 2. The lever 5 is pivotally supported. The rear surface of the base plate 2 has a primary latch 6 that can rotate from the unlatch position shown in FIG. 7 to the latch position shown in FIG. 8 corresponding to the fully closed position of the hood H by engaging with the striker S, and the hood H. On the other hand, a lift lever 7 for applying a lift force from a fully closed position to a half-open position and a ratchet 8 for restraining the primary latch 6 at the latch position by engaging with the primary latch 6 are pivotally supported.

In the present embodiment, the secondary latch function unit that exerts the secondary latch function includes a secondary latch 3, a release handle portion 4, a secondary lever 5, and a second spring 15 described later. The primary latch function unit that exerts the primary latch function includes a primary latch 6, a lift lever 7, a ratchet 8, a first spring 11 described later, and a lift spring 13.

The base plate 2 has left and

right screw holes

21 and 21 into which bolts (not shown) for fixing to the vehicle body are screwed, and a striker entry groove 22 that allows the striker S to enter from above as the hood H is closed. And an embossed portion 23 that is directly below the striker entry groove 22 and projects forward in a circular shape by embossing.

First, the primary latch function unit will be described mainly based on FIGS. 5, 7, and 8. Since FIG. 5 is a rear view and FIGS. 7 and 8 are front views, the orientations of FIGS. 5 and 7 and 8 are reversed left and right.

The primary latch 6 is pivotally supported on the rear surface of the base plate 2 by a latch shaft 9 facing in the front-rear direction so as to be rotatable by a predetermined angle, and has an engaging groove 61 capable of engaging with the striker S when the hood H is fully closed. When the hood H is closed to the fully closed position and the striker S meshes with the engaging groove 61 of the primary latch 6, the primary latch 6 moves from the unlatch position shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 in the latching direction (clockwise in FIG. 5). , Counterclockwise in FIG. 7) Rotates to the latch position shown in FIG. 8 rotated by approximately 45 degrees. The engagement groove 61 is formed between the upper arm portion 62 and the lower arm portion 63 provided on the primary latch 6.

The ratchet 8 is pivotally supported on the rear surface of the base plate 2 by the ratchet shaft 10 facing in the front-rear direction, and is urged in the engaging direction (clockwise in FIG. 5 and counterclockwise in FIGS. 7 and 8) by the first spring 11. Will be done. When the hood H is closed to the fully closed position and the primary latch 6 is rotated to the latch position shown in FIG. 8, the ratchet 8 is provided at the tip of the lower arm portion 63 of the primary latch 6 by the urging force of the first spring 11. By engaging with the engaged portion 64, the rotation of the primary latch 6 in the unlatch direction (clockwise in FIG. 8) is prevented, and the primary latch 6 is constrained to the latch position, that is, the hood H is restrained to the fully closed position. To do.

The ratchet 8 is connected to an opener handle (not shown) provided in the vehicle interior via a cable 12 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). As a result, when the hood H is in the fully closed position, the cable 12 is pulled by the release operation of the opener handle, so that the ratchet 8 opposes the urging force of the first spring 11 and the engaging portion 64 of the primary latch 6 By rotating a predetermined angle clockwise in FIG. 8 from the position engaged with the primary latch 6, the primary latch 6 is disengaged from the engaging portion 64, and the primary latch 6 can be freely rotated in the unlatch direction (clockwise in FIG. 8). To do.

When the primary latch 6 is free to rotate in the unlatch direction, the primary latch 6 rotates from the latch position shown in FIG. 8 to the unlatch position shown in FIG. 9 by the urging force of the lift spring 13 acting on the lift lever 7. As a result, the hood H is lifted from the fully closed position to the half open position. When the hood H is in the half-open position, a hand can be inserted into the gap between the front end portion of the hood H and the radiator grill to manually operate the release handle portion 4 connected to the secondary lever 5.

The lift lever 7 is pivotally supported on the rear surface side of the base plate 2 by the latch shaft 9, and is urged in the lift direction (clockwise in FIGS. 7 and 8) by the urging force of the lift spring 13, and further on the primary latch 6. On the other hand, they are connected in the direction of rotation with some play. As a result, the urging force of the lift spring 13 acts as a force for lifting the hood H from the fully closed position to the half-open position via the lift lever 7, and the primary latch 6 is moved from the latch position to the unlatch position via the lift lever 7. It also acts as a rotating force.

As for the play of the lift lever 7 with respect to the primary latch 6 in the rotational direction, as shown in FIG. 12, a protrusion 63a protruding rearward is provided on the lower arm portion 63 of the primary latch 6, and the protrusion 63a is used as the lift lever 7. This is achieved by engaging the engagement hole 71 provided in the above with the engagement hole 71 so as to cause a slight play in the rotation direction.

The lift lever 7 is provided with a lift arm portion 72 that overlaps the rear side of the lower arm portion 63 of the primary latch 6 and is slightly accessible from below into the engaging groove 61 of the primary latch 6. When the hood H is in the fully closed position and the primary latch 6 is constrained to the latch position, the lift arm portion 72 is engaged with the engagement groove 61 of the primary latch 6 by the large urging force of the lift spring 13. By strongly pressing the striker S against the upper edge of the engaging groove 61 in the primary latch 6, that is, the upper arm portion 62, rattling of the striker S in the engaging groove 61, and eventually rattling of the hood H is suppressed. ..

Next, the secondary latch function unit will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 4, 9 to 11.
The secondary latch 3 is pivotally supported by the secondary latch shaft 14 facing in the front-rear direction around the front center of the embossed portion 23 in the base plate 2 so as to be rotatable in the left-right direction by a predetermined angle, and the secondary lever 5 is supported by the urging force of the second spring 15. It is held in the standby position shown in FIGS. 4 and 9 in contact with the elastic member 16 provided in the operation output unit 54, which will be described later, and is released from the standby position against the urging force of the second spring 15 (FIG. 4). , 9 counterclockwise) can be rotated by a predetermined angle.

The secondary latch 3 includes a hook portion 31a for holding the hood H in the half-open position by engaging with the striker S from above, and a secondary latch 3 stopped at a position operated in the release direction for some reason. A forced meshing portion 32 for forcibly returning to the standby position by contacting the striker S and an operation input portion 33 for inputting a release operation of the secondary lever 5 are provided.

The hook portion 31a is provided at the upper end of the arm portion 31 extending upward along the left edge of the striker entry groove 22, and engages with the striker S from above to hold the hood H in the half-open position. At the same time, when the secondary latch 3 rotates in the release direction, the engagement with the striker S is released, and the hood H can be operated from the half-open position to the open direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the secondary latch 3 is forced to come into contact with the inclined upper surface portion 31b of the hook portion 31a from above in the release direction from the standby position as the hood H is closed. The so-called "forced operation" is performed.

When the secondary latch 3 is in the standby position, the forced meshing portion 32 is in a position adjacent to the right edge of the striker entry groove 22 and in a position where the secondary latch 3 operates in the release direction, as shown in FIG. , As shown in FIG. 10, it moves to a position where it enters the striker entry groove 22. As a result, when the secondary latch 3 rotates in the release direction, it normally returns to the standby position due to the urging force of the second spring 15, but when the secondary latch 3 stops at the position where the secondary latch 3 operates in the release direction for some reason. When the hood H is closed, the striker S that has entered the striker entry groove 22 comes into contact with the forced meshing portion 32, so that the secondary latch 3 is forcibly moved from the actuated position in the release direction to the standby position. It can be rotated.

The operation input unit 33 has a shape extending diagonally upward to the right from the vicinity of the forced meshing portion 32, and is provided on the secondary lever 5 when the secondary lever 5 rotates in the release direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 9). In contact with the operation output unit 54 of the above in the rotational direction. As a result, the secondary latch 3 can be rotated in the release direction by rotating the secondary lever 5 in the release direction.

The secondary lever 5 is made of synthetic resin and is arranged between the front surface of the base plate 2 and the secondary latch 3, and as shown in FIG. 12, a circular hole 51 provided in the lower portion of the secondary lever 5 is provided in the base plate 2. By rotatably fitting to the outer periphery of the embossed portion 23, the base plate 2 is pivotally supported so that the secondary latch 3 can rotate independently of the secondary latch 3 on a coaxial line.

The secondary lever 5 has an arm portion 52 extending diagonally upward to the right, a plug-in protrusion 53 (see FIG. 3) provided at the upper end portion of the arm portion 52 and projecting forward, and an operation output portion 54. The release handle portion 4 is directly connected to the insertion protrusion portion 53. The release handle portion 4 has a shape that can be released by inserting a hand through a gap between the front end of the hood H and the radiator grill when the hood H is in the half-open position.

The operation output unit 54 has a shape that protrudes forward from the arm unit 52, and the secondary lever 5 is in the standby position shown in FIG. 9 by the release operation of the release handle unit 4 (operation in the direction of arrow A shown in FIG. 9). By rotating a predetermined angle counterclockwise from (the position where the lower end 55 of the secondary lever 5 abuts on the stopper 24 of the base plate 2 in the rotational direction), the secondary latch 3 is rotated counterclockwise with respect to the operation input portion 33 of the secondary latch 3. Contact from. As a result, the release operation of the release handle portion 4 is transmitted to the secondary latch 3 via the secondary lever 5, and the secondary latch 3 rotates in the release direction against the urging force of the second spring 15.

When the secondary latch 3 is forcibly operated in the release direction, as shown in FIG. 11, the operation input unit 33 moves away from the operation output unit 54 to transmit the forced operation to the secondary lever 5. I won't let you. As a result, even if the secondary latch 3 vigorously rotates from the standby position in the release direction due to the closing operation of the hood H, the rotation is not transmitted to the secondary lever 5 directly connected to the release handle portion 4, so that the secondary latch 3 is secondary. No impact acts on the connecting portion between the lever 5 and the release handle portion 4.

Preferably, the surface of the operation output unit 54 is provided with an elastic member 16 formed of rubber that can come into contact with the operation input unit 33 of the secondary latch 3. The elastic member 16 comes into contact with the operation input unit 33 when the secondary latch 3 returns from the actuated position in the release direction to the standby position, thereby alleviating the contact noise at that time. Further, the secondary latch 3 stops at the standby position when the operation input unit 33 comes into contact with the elastic member 16.

With the above configuration, the secondary lever 5 has a function of transmitting the release operation of the release handle portion 4 to the secondary latch 3 and a function of not transmitting the forced operation of the secondary latch 3 accompanying the closing operation of the hood H to the release handle portion 4. Have.

The release handle portion 4 is made of synthetic resin and is formed separately from the secondary lever 5. The base portion 41 connected to the insertion protrusion 53 of the secondary lever 5 and an operation of extending a predetermined amount forward from the base portion 41. Directly connected to the secondary lever 5 by inserting the insertion protrusion 53 provided at the upper end of the secondary lever 5 into the insertion hole 43 having the portion 42 and penetrating in the front-rear direction provided at the base 41. Will be done. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 13, the insertion protrusion 53 of the secondary lever 5 and the insertion hole 43 of the release handle portion 4 have a substantially T-shaped vertical cross-sectional shape and the insertion protrusion 53. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, a protrusion 53a that engages in the front-rear and left-right directions is provided in the engagement hole 41a provided on the upper surface of the base 41 of the release handle portion 4. As a result, the release handle portion 4 is securely connected to the insertion protrusion portion 53 of the secondary lever 5. Further, preferably, a manual operation portion 42a having a shape that allows the operator's hand to be easily caught is provided at the front end portion of the operation portion 42 in the release handle portion 4.

Since the secondary lever 5 is configured to connect the release handle portion 4 formed by another member, instead of the release handle portion 4, another release handle portion 4A (see FIG. 3) having a different shape according to the vehicle model is used. By connecting, it is possible to share it among multiple vehicle models. When another release handle portion 4A is used, as shown in FIG. 3, an insertion hole having the same shape as the insertion hole 43 provided in the release handle portion 4 is inserted into the base portion 41A of the other release handle portion 4A. 42A is provided.

Next, the operation of the hood lock device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.
When the hood H is in the fully closed position, the primary latch 6 is in the latch position, the ratchet 8 is engaged with the engaging portion 64 of the primary latch 6, and the striker S is in the fully closed position. It is engaged with the engagement groove 61 of the primary latch 6. In this case, the striker S does not rattle between the lift arm portion 72 of the lift lever 7 and the upper arm portion 62 of the primary latch 6 due to the urging force of the lift spring 13 acting on the lift lever 7. It is sandwiched between. Further, the secondary latch 3 and the secondary lever 5 are held in the standby positions, respectively, as shown in FIG.

When the opener handle in the room is operated while the hood H is in the fully closed position, the operation of the opener handle is transmitted to the ratchet 8 via the cable 12. As a result, the ratchet 8 rotates about the ratchet shaft 10 in the disengaging direction (clockwise in FIG. 8), and disengages the primary latch 6 from the engaging portion 64. As a result, the primary latch 6 is rotated from the latch position shown in FIG. 8 to the unlatch position shown in FIG. 7 by the urging force of the lift spring 13 acting on the lift lever 7, and the striker S is raised by the rotation. Lift the hood H to the half-open position. As shown in FIG. 9, the raised striker S engages with the hook portion 31a of the secondary latch 3 from below. As a result, the hood H is held in the half-open position.

When the hood H is in the half-open position, a hand is inserted through the gap between the front end of the hood H and the radiator grill, and the manual operation portion 42a of the release handle portion 4 is operated in the direction of arrow A shown in FIG. , The secondary lever 5 rotates in the release direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 9). As a result, when the operation output unit 54 of the secondary lever 5 comes into contact with the operation input unit 33 of the secondary latch 3, the secondary latch 3 rotates together with the secondary lever 5 in the release direction. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, the hook portion 31a of the secondary latch 3 is disengaged from the striker S, and the hood H can be opened. After opening the hood H, when the hand is released from the manual operation portion 42a of the release handle portion 4, the secondary latch 3 and the secondary lever 5 are returned to the standby positions by the urging force of the second spring 15.

When the hood H is fully opened, the primary latch 6 is stopped at the unlatch position shown in FIG. 7, and the secondary latch 3 is stopped at the standby position shown in FIG. When the hood H is closed in this state, as shown in FIG. 11, the striker S abuts on the inclined upper surface portion 31b of the hook portion 31a in the secondary latch 3 from above before the half-open position of the hood H, so that the secondary latch 3 is forced to operate vigorously from the standby position in the release direction. After that, when the striker S passes through the hook portion 31a of the secondary latch 3, the striker S enters the striker entry groove 22 and engages with the engagement groove 61 of the primary latch 6. As a result, the secondary latch 3 returns to the standby position by the urging force of the second spring 15, and the primary latch 6 and the lift lever 7 rotate from the unlatch position to the latch position to enter the latch state shown in FIG. The hood H is constrained to the fully closed position.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the secondary latch 3 and the secondary lever 5 to which the release handle portion 4 is directly connected can be rotated independently, and the forced operation of the secondary latch 3 is not transmitted to the secondary lever 5. Due to the configuration, that is, the secondary lever 5 is not linked to the forced operation of the secondary latch 3, the connection portion between the secondary lever 5 and the release handle portion 4 (the insertion protrusion portion 53 of the secondary lever 5) when the hood H is closed. Since the impact is not transmitted to the insertion hole 42A) of the release handle portion 4, damage to the connection portion can be prevented and durability can be improved.

1 Hood lock device 2 Base plate 21 Screw hole 22 Striker entry groove 23 Embossed part 24 Stopper part 3 Secondary latch 31 Arm part 31a Hook part 31b Inclined upper surface part 32 Forced meshing part 33 Operation input part 4 Release handle part 41 Base part 41a Engagement Hole 42 Operation part 42a Manual operation part 43 Insert hole 4A Other release handle part

41A Base part

42A Insert hole 5 Secondary lever 51 Circular hole 52 Arm part 53 Insertion part 53a Protrusion part 54 Operation output part 55 Lower end part 6 Primary Latch 61 Engagement groove 62 Upper arm part 63 Lower arm part 63a Protrusion part 64 Engagement part 7 Lift lever 71 Engagement hole 72 Lift arm part 8 Ratchet 9 Latch shaft 10 Ratchet shaft 11 1st spring 12 Cable 13 Lift spring 14 Secondary Ratchet shaft 15 2nd spring 16 Elastic member H Hood S Striker V Automobile

Claims

A base plate having a striker entry groove that is fixed to the vehicle body and is provided on a hood that is pivotally supported by the vehicle body and enters by closing the hood.
A primary latch that is pivotally supported by the base plate and can rotate to a latch position corresponding to the fully closed position of the hood by engaging with the striker that has entered the striker entry groove.
A ratchet that constrains the primary latch to the latch position by engaging the primary latch that is pivotally supported by the base plate and engaged with the striker.
By being pivotally supported by the base plate and engaging with the striker, the hood can be held in a half-open position slightly opened from the fully closed position, and abuts with the striker as the hood closes. By doing so, the secondary latch that performs forced operation that is rotated from the standby position in the release direction,
A secondary lever that is pivotally supported by the base plate and can rotate independently of the secondary latch,
A synthetic resin release handle that is directly connected to the secondary lever is provided.
The secondary lever rotates from the standby position in the release direction by the release operation of the release handle portion, thereby transmitting the rotation to the secondary latch and disengaging the secondary latch from the engagement of the striker. A hood lock device characterized in that it is operated to, but is not interlocked with the forced operation of the secondary latch.
The hood lock device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary latch and the secondary lever are pivotally supported on the base plate so as to be rotatable independently of each other on a coaxial line.
Claim 1 or claim 1, wherein the secondary lever has an operation output unit that rotates the secondary latch in the release direction by abutting on an operation input unit provided on the secondary latch when the secondary lever is rotated in the release direction. 2. The hood lock device according to 2.
The hood lock device according to claim 3, wherein the operation output portion of the secondary lever is provided with an elastic member capable of contacting the operation input portion of the secondary latch.
The secondary lever comes into contact with the stopper portion provided on the base plate to stop at the standby position.
The hood lock device according to claim 4, wherein the secondary latch is urged in the direction of the standby position by a spring, and the operation input portion abuts on the elastic member at the standby position.
The release handle portion is characterized in that it is directly connected to the secondary lever by inserting a front-protruding insertion protrusion provided in the secondary lever into a front-rear insertion hole provided in the release handle portion. The hood lock device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.