WO2021099252A1 - Procédé d'amortissement actif d'oscillations pendant un processus et dispositif d'amortissement actif d'oscillations - Google Patents

Procédé d'amortissement actif d'oscillations pendant un processus et dispositif d'amortissement actif d'oscillations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021099252A1
WO2021099252A1 PCT/EP2020/082224 EP2020082224W WO2021099252A1 WO 2021099252 A1 WO2021099252 A1 WO 2021099252A1 EP 2020082224 W EP2020082224 W EP 2020082224W WO 2021099252 A1 WO2021099252 A1 WO 2021099252A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
counter
oscillation
parameter
component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/082224
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Scharkowski
Marie REDDER
Original Assignee
Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh filed Critical Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh
Priority to EP20808078.8A priority Critical patent/EP4045222A1/fr
Publication of WO2021099252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021099252A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/002—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion characterised by the control method or circuitry

Definitions

  • the subject matter relates to a method for the active damping of vibrations during a process and a device for the active damping of vibrations.
  • the object is used in a welding process, preferably when welding contact parts for automotive use.
  • an unwanted vibration of components or component groups leads to a loss of energy in energy-based joining processes and thus to unstable and non-reproducible joining steps. This can cause damage to the components or even complete destruction of the components.
  • Damping passive systems are known from the prior art, which absorb the kinetic energy generated in the aforementioned processes and thereby minimize or prevent the vibrations of the components or component groups.
  • auxiliary tools made of vibration-absorbing hard materials to fix the components or the component groups.
  • these auxiliary tools usually have to be geometrically adapted to the sub-area of the components or component groups to be damped and are therefore specific.
  • the vibration-absorbing properties and often also the heat resistance of the hard materials used are not sufficient to permanently and safely and thus functionally dampen a sub-area of a component or a component group.
  • the object was thus based on the object of specifying a method and a device for damping vibrations which can be used universally and which reliably reduce or avoid vibration of components or component groups.
  • a method and a device are provided which enable active vibration damping during a process, in particular during a manufacturing process.
  • the object can be used for a variety of vibration damping processes, depending on the application, since the vibrations are actively damped, i.e. by coupling a counter-vibration into the component or the component group.
  • the object can also react adaptively and dynamically to process changes and thereby guarantee reliable damping of vibrations.
  • the counter-vibration that is coupled into the component or the component group is preferably designed in such a way that it interferes so destructively with the vibration of the component or the component group that is to be damped that the vibration of the component or the component group is reduced, in particular substantially completely removed .
  • the counter vibration is preferably determined from the unwanted vibration of the component or the component group measured by the measuring means, in that the inverse function or the inverse function of the unwanted vibration is calculated.
  • the original vibration of the component or component group is a harmonic vibration
  • a harmonic vibration of the same amplitude is also coupled into the component or component group as a counter vibration, with the phase of the counter vibration being offset by half a wavelength from the original vibration .
  • the oscillation parameter is an amplitude, a frequency and / or a phase position of the oscillation and / or that the counter-oscillation parameter is an amplitude, a frequency and / or a phase position of the counter-oscillation.
  • the measuring means detect the amplitude, the frequency and the phase position of the oscillation and calculate inverse counter-oscillation parameters based on the aforementioned oscillation parameters of the detected oscillation. Based on the calculated, inverse counter-vibration parameters, a counter-vibration can then be actively introduced into the component or the component group, which leads to destructive interference of the vibration to be damped.
  • the oscillation parameters of the oscillation is measured by means of the measuring means during a defined period of time, that an averaged oscillation parameter and a counter-oscillation parameter associated with the averaged oscillation parameter are calculated by means of the control means from the oscillation parameter of the oscillation during the defined period, that the counter oscillation has the counter oscillation parameter.
  • the defined period of time is preferably selected in such a way that it extends over several process steps or cycles, in particular over 3 to 7 process steps or cycles. This enables reliable damping of the component or the component group if the unwanted vibration to be damped and / or the vibration parameters of the unwanted vibration vary between or within the individual process steps.
  • the counter-vibration parameter is the same frequency for an oscillation parameter frequency, and / or that the counter-oscillation parameter is an inverse amplitude for an amplitude parameter and / or that the phase of the counter-oscillation parameter is shifted, in particular by lambda / 2, for an oscillation parameter phase is shifted.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the oscillation to be damped.
  • At least one residual vibration parameter of a residual vibration of the component or the component group is measured by the measuring means after the coupling of the counter-vibration, that a combined counter-vibration parameter that is inverse to the residual vibration parameter and the previously measured vibration parameter is calculated by means of the control means, and that a combined counter-vibration with the inverse, combined counter-vibration parameter is coupled into the component or the component group by means of the controlled vibration source.
  • a residual oscillation is present when the coupled inverse counter oscillation is not inversely congruent with the undesired oscillation to be damped. This can occur in particular with process changes, which can be caused, for example, by the influence of an operator, by wear and tear or by a batch change.
  • the inverse, combined counter-oscillation is preferably calculated by combining the function of the originally determined oscillation by means of its oscillation parameters and the function of the residual oscillation by means of its residual oscillation parameters and forming an inverse function.
  • the inverse function can then be used to calculate inverse, combined counter-oscillation parameters and an inverse, combined counter-oscillation. This makes it possible to provide adaptive damping that adapts to any process changes.
  • the steps of measuring the residual oscillation parameter, calculating the inverse, combined counter-oscillation parameter and / or coupling in the combined counter-amplitude be repeated at defined time intervals.
  • the time intervals are preferably selected depending on the respective process and depending on the respective requirements for process reliability.
  • additional process parameters be taken into account by means of the control means in order to calculate the counter-oscillation to be coupled. Since the process parameters directly influence the unwanted vibration and the vibration parameters of the unwanted vibration, the inclusion of additional process parameters enables a Reliable calculation of the counter-vibration to be introduced into the component or component group.
  • empirical values are used to calculate the counter oscillation. For example, it is preferred that the oscillation parameters of the unwanted oscillation are measured under different process parameters and that a prediction can be made about the amplitude of the unwanted oscillation as a result.
  • a process room is created, that the process room maps the individual process parameters and the vibration parameters measured with regard to the respective process parameters, that a process room inverse process space is created, which maps the inverse counter-vibration parameters to the respective process parameters and that depending on the process parameters of the process, the respective counter-vibrations having the counter-vibration parameters are coupled into the component or the component group.
  • process-reliable, active damping can be made available, which uses empirical values from the past in order to reliably enable destructive interference between the initiated oscillation and the unwanted oscillation.
  • the counter-oscillation to be coupled in and / or the counter-oscillation parameters be calculated by means of artificial neural networks.
  • An artificial neural network is in particular a network of artificial neurons that is simulated in a computer program.
  • the artificial neural network is typically based on a network of several artificial neurons.
  • the artificial neurons are usually arranged on different layers.
  • the artificial neural network usually comprises an input layer and an output layer (output layer), whose neuron output is the only one visible in the artificial neural network. Layers located between the input layer and the output layer are referred to, for example, as hidden layers.
  • an architecture and / or topology of an artificial neural network is first initiated and then trained in a training phase for a special task or for several tasks in a training phase.
  • the training of the artificial neural network typically includes a change in a weighting of a connection between two artificial neurons of the artificial neural network.
  • the training of the artificial neural network can also include developing new connections between artificial neurons, deleting existing connections between artificial neurons, adapting threshold values of the artificial neurons and / or adding or deleting artificial neurons.
  • Two different trained artificial neural networks can thus perform different tasks, even though they have the same architecture and / or topology, for example.
  • an artificial neural network is a flat artificial neural network (shallow neural network), which often only contains a single hidden layer between the input layer and the output layer and is therefore relatively easy to train.
  • a deep artificial neural network which contains several (for example up to ten) hidden hidden layers of artificial neurons between the input layer and the output layer.
  • the deep artificial neural network enables an improved recognition of patterns and complex relationships.
  • a folded deep artificial neural network (convolutional deep neural network) can be selected for the classification task, which additionally uses convolution filters, for example edge filters.
  • an artificial neural network be trained by means of the inverse process space.
  • the trained artificial neural network is preferably trained for a special task, namely to optimize the counter-oscillation to be coupled and its counter-oscillation parameters as a function of the process parameters.
  • an already trained artificial neural network is provided for determining and calculating the counter-oscillation to be coupled in.
  • the training of the artificial neural network can have been carried out by means of several measured vibration parameters under determinable process parameters.
  • the artificial neural network can advantageously be trained by means of a method described in one of the following sections for providing an inverse process space.
  • a residual oscillation parameter of a residual oscillation is preferably measured after the counter-oscillation is coupled into the component or the component group, and this input is also used for training the artificial neural network. Furthermore, it is preferred that the difference between the input and the output previously calculated by the artificial neural network is classified as a cost function. By means of such a cost function, the aim of which is to optimize the output, an artificial neural network can be made available, which learns and is thus characterized by an adaptive, constantly self-optimizing behavior. Furthermore, it is preferred that time series are used as input for training the neural network. The aforementioned time series have, for example, the vibration parameters measured over a certain period of time.
  • the artificial neural networks be at least partially a network of the Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) type.
  • LSTM Long-Short-Term-Memory
  • gates are used to calculate the output.
  • An LSTM network can enable recursive learning through input gates, forget gates and output gates.
  • the forget, input and / or output gate is an artificial neuron or a large number of artificial neurons whose output value matches the output value of another artificial neuron or can be multiplied by a further multitude of artificial neurons.
  • a multiplication of output values can make it possible to selectively forget and / or observe previous states and thus an effective prioritization of values that were earlier in time.
  • the use of an LSTM network can be particularly advantageous when using time series as input.
  • the process is a joining process, in particular an ultrasonic welding process.
  • an ultrasonic welding process For ultrasonic welding of a component or a component group, for example for welding a connection element to a flat conductor or busbar component group, the component group is typically firmly clamped so that the area of the component group to be joined is arranged in the area of the ultrasonic welding device.
  • the welding is achieved by high-frequency mechanical vibration, which leads to heating between the components due to molecular and interface friction, and in the case of metals also to the interlocking and entanglement of the parts to be joined. Reliable damping is therefore particularly relevant in the ultrasonic welding process.
  • the process parameter be one of the group a) pressure, b) energy, c) amplitude, d) process time, e)
  • the vibration parameters detected by the measuring means in particular frequencies and amplitudes, be converted from a digital signal into an analog signal by means of an AC / DC converter.
  • the electrical energy transmitted to the vibration source is converted into mechanical energy by means of the inverse piezo effect and that the mechanical energy is coupled into the component or the component group by means of at least one sonotrode and at least one coupling surface.
  • the counter-oscillation can be coupled into the component to be damped or into the component group to be damped in a structurally favorable manner.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary representation of an oscillation, a counter-oscillation to be coupled in and a resultant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic and exemplary representation of a vibration 2 of a component or a component group, a counter-vibration 4 to be coupled and a resultant 6.
  • the vibration 2 of the component or component group has an essentially constant amplitude, an essentially constant amplitude Has period duration and a substantially constant frequency.
  • the counter-oscillation 4 to be coupled has an amplitude, period duration and frequency essentially identical to the oscillation, the phase of the counter-oscillation being shifted by half a wavelength, so that the oscillation 2 and the counter-oscillation 4 interfere destructively. Coupling the counter-oscillation 4 into the component to be damped or into the component group to be damped leads to the resultant 6.
  • the component or the component group no longer vibrates, so that a process to be carried out, in particular a manufacturing process, can be carried out in a process-safe and reliable manner.
  • a process room for determining the vibration parameters of a vibration as a function of various process parameters for the ultrasonic welding process is exemplarily shown in Tab. 1 using the example of the Vibration parameters of the amplitude shown.
  • amplitude, pressure and energy to be introduced can be selected as process parameters for the ultrasonic welding process.
  • the process parameters are selected as follows: the amplitude lies in a range between 80% and 100% of the peak value of the ultrasonic welding process, the pressure in a range between 2 bar and 4 bar and the energy to be introduced in a range from 1000 Ws to 2000 Ws.
  • the pressure is preferably the contact pressure which is fed to the component to be welded or to the component group to be welded via a sonotrode.
  • the actual amplitude is a key figure determined by means of a measuring device for the amplitude of the undesired vibration of the component or the component group during the welding process.
  • a function for the actual amplitude can be defined by means of the ultrasonic welding process space shown in Table 1.
  • the inverse function of the actual amplitude is then preferably determined in order to calculate the counter amplitude of a counter vibration to be coupled in and to map the inverse process space of the vibration behavior of the component or the component group during the ultrasonic welding process.
  • An artificial neural network is preferably trained by means of the inverse process space shown in Table 2.
  • the parameters amplitude, pressure, energy and actual amplitude are defined as input in such a case, with the opposite amplitude being defined as target and / or output.
  • An artificial neural network trained in this way can, depending on the process parameters, make predictions about the opposite amplitude of a subsequent weld. It is preferred that the artificial neural network also include the process results from previous welds in the calculation of the opposite amplitude of a subsequent weld.
  • a residual amplitude of a residual vibration of the unintentionally vibrating component or the unintentionally vibrating component group is measured after the counter vibration has been coupled in and is used as an additional input for the already trained, artificial neural network. Using the additional input as feedback from the calculated output, a
  • Cost function an artificial neural network can be mapped, which learns and is characterized by an adaptive, constantly optimizing behavior.
  • the method described here and the device described here are not limited to the ultrasonic welding method, but can also be transferred to other methods, in particular to other manufacturing methods, as well as other systems in which vibration of components or assemblies is disadvantageous and should be prevented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'amortissement actif d'oscillations pendant un processus, en particulier pendant un processus de fabrication, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes: un composant ou un groupe de composants est amené à osciller (2); l'amplitude de l'oscillation (2) est détectée au moyen d'un moyen de mesure; une contre-oscillation (4) qui est inverse à l'amplitude de l'oscillation (2) et a une contre-amplitude inverse est calculée au moyen d'un moyen de commande; et une contre-oscillation (4) ayant la contre-amplitude inverse est couplée au composant ou au groupe de composants au moyen d'une source d'oscillation commandée. L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'amortissement actif d'oscillations (2) pendant un processus.
PCT/EP2020/082224 2019-11-19 2020-11-16 Procédé d'amortissement actif d'oscillations pendant un processus et dispositif d'amortissement actif d'oscillations WO2021099252A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20808078.8A EP4045222A1 (fr) 2019-11-19 2020-11-16 Procédé d'amortissement actif d'oscillations pendant un processus et dispositif d'amortissement actif d'oscillations

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019131167.5 2019-11-19
DE102019131167.5A DE102019131167A1 (de) 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 Verfahren zur aktiven Dämpfung von Schwingungen während eines Prozesses sowie Vorrichtung zur aktiven Dämpfung von Schwingungen

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WO2021099252A1 true WO2021099252A1 (fr) 2021-05-27

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EP (1) EP4045222A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019131167A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021099252A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050081979A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-21 Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Method for vibration welding with reduced attenuation time
US20070120514A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2007-05-31 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method for active compensation of oscillations in a machine which processes printing material, and a machine which processes printing material
EP2275704A1 (fr) * 2009-07-15 2011-01-19 WIFAG Maschinenfabrik AG Surveillance d'une machine produisant des oscillations
CN208051144U (zh) * 2018-01-25 2018-11-06 河北金运专用汽车有限公司 一种超声波焊接辅助设备

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012217437B4 (de) * 2011-09-30 2018-04-12 GM Global Technology Operations, LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Aktiv gesteuertes vibrationsschweisssystem und -verfahren
DE102017209274A1 (de) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stanznietvorrichtung mit Gegenschwingungseinkopplung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050081979A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-21 Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Method for vibration welding with reduced attenuation time
US20070120514A1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2007-05-31 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method for active compensation of oscillations in a machine which processes printing material, and a machine which processes printing material
EP2275704A1 (fr) * 2009-07-15 2011-01-19 WIFAG Maschinenfabrik AG Surveillance d'une machine produisant des oscillations
CN208051144U (zh) * 2018-01-25 2018-11-06 河北金运专用汽车有限公司 一种超声波焊接辅助设备

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EP4045222A1 (fr) 2022-08-24
DE102019131167A1 (de) 2021-05-20

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