WO2021098664A1 - Method for controlling movement of majorana zero-energy mode using electric field - Google Patents
Method for controlling movement of majorana zero-energy mode using electric field Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021098664A1 WO2021098664A1 PCT/CN2020/129219 CN2020129219W WO2021098664A1 WO 2021098664 A1 WO2021098664 A1 WO 2021098664A1 CN 2020129219 W CN2020129219 W CN 2020129219W WO 2021098664 A1 WO2021098664 A1 WO 2021098664A1
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- magnetic field
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- mzm
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241000121629 Majorana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000005690 magnetoelectric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002465 magnetic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004574 scanning tunneling microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
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- the invention relates to a technology in the field of quantum computing, in particular to a method for controlling Majorana zero-energy mode movement with an electric field to complete topological quantum computing.
- Topological quantum computing uses particles with non-Abelian statistical properties, that is, Majorana fermions or those with the same properties as Majorana fermions that appear in topological superconductor (TSC). ) Majorana zero mode (MZM) at the center of the magnetic flux vortex.
- MZM Majorana zero mode
- STM scanning tunneling microscopy
- MFM magnetic force microscopy
- the magnetic flux vortex of MZM but the technology probe dragging requires mechanical movement, slow speed, and cannot directly control the position of the magnetic flux vortex on the topological superconductor. It can only scan a large area to find a suitable magnetic flux vortex before proceeding. Weaving operation.
- the present invention proposes a method for controlling the movement of the Majorana zero-energy mode with an electric field. It is faster than the current method, can easily control and move Majorana zero-energy mode movement, and can be integrated on a large scale.
- the present invention adopts a magnetoeletric (ME) layer to construct a local magnetic field array controlled by an electric field, confines the local magnetic field array or directly generates a magnetic flux vortex loaded with MZM on the topological superconductor, and further realizes Majora by moving the magnetic field Nano zero energy model movement and weaving operation.
- ME magnetoeletric
- the local magnetic field array is used to define the movement route of the Majorana zero-energy mode, including: a heterostructure composed of a magnetoelectric layer and a topological superconductor layer and an array composed of electrodes, and the control of the connection to the array Circuit.
- the said magnetoelectric layer is made of materials with magnetoelectric effect or equivalent magnetoelectric effect, using but not limited to materials with piezomagnetic effect, such as Cr 2 O 3 , piezoelectric effect with equivalent magnetoelectric effect (piezoelectric , PZE) material and a combination of piezoelectric (piezomagnetic, PZM) material or a combination of ferromagnet (FM) and/or piezoelectric material.
- the said moving magnetic field refers to the realization of the change of the magnetic field of the heterojunction formed by the magnetoelectric layer and the topological superconductor layer connected at the adjacent electrodes by the electric field. Because the magnetic flux vortex of the load MZM generated on the topological superconductor will follow the local If the domain magnetic field moves, moving the magnetic field can move the MZM.
- the local magnetic field array is made by photolithography technology.
- the MZM moving method proposed in the present invention is fast due to the electric field control; the local magnetic field can confine or directly generate the MZM-loaded magnetic flux vortex on the topological superconductor, which can easily control and move the MZM; the magnetoelectric material layer and The array of the corresponding electrodes and the electronic circuit for controlling the electric field can be carved on large-scale samples by photolithography technology, which is easy to integrate on a large scale.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the movement of the embodiment
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the knitting operation of the embodiment
- the basic unit in the local magnetic field array involved in this embodiment includes: a topological superconductor 1 and a material layer 2 with equivalent magnetoelectric effect connected to it to form a heterojunction, and a material layer Electrodes 3 on both sides.
- the material layer 2 can be made of a magnetoelectric effect material, an equivalent magnetoelectric effect material, a combination of PZM and PZE, or a combination of FM and PZE.
- the heterojunction is formed by evaporating a topological superconductor on the material layer 2 by molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) or magnetron sputtering techniques.
- MBE molecular beam epitaxial
- a layer of magnetic material such as Mn 3 NNi is deposited on it by vapor deposition, and then a topological superconductor or artificial topological superconductor layer is covered; or on a ferromagnet with double magnetization easy axis such as Fe 81 Ga 19 and piezoelectric materials
- An equivalent magnetoelectric effect layer is formed, and a topological superconductor layer is formed on it.
- the realization of electric field controlled movement MZM requires the above-mentioned small block size of the magnetoelectric material layer.
- the diameter of the magnetic flux vortex in the artificial topological superconductor can reach about 40 nanometers, and the small pieces of the magnetoelectric material layer cannot be larger than this value. Generally, the radius can be selected. This size ( ⁇ 20nm) is easily achievable for modern lithography technology. Integrating some small basic unit blocks and control circuits to form a large unit for braiding array, as shown in Figure 2, the size of the array requires at least two magnetic flux vortices loaded with MZM. When constructing a woven cell array or even a larger array, the topological superconductor layer is complete and has not been photoetched.
- the specific implementation method of using an electric field to generate and control the magnetic field is: applying an electric field to the magnetoelectric material, and the magnetoelectric effect causes the local magnetic field to be generated.
- the local magnetic field can be removed by removing the electric field.
- the specific realization method of using the electric field to generate and control the magnetic field is: applying an electric field to the bottom piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric effect produces deformation and conducts to the upper laminated magnetic material layer, pressing The magnetic effect causes a magnetic field.
- the local magnetic field can be removed by removing the electric field.
- the specific implementation method of using the electric field to generate and control the magnetic field is: the specific control conversion mechanism is similar to the PZM/PZE combination, the difference is that for PZM, the reverse electric field will completely reverse the magnetization direction of the material ; For FM, adding a reverse electric field generally only rotates the magnetization direction by 90°, and the ferromagnetic body has remanence.
- the composite layer is suitable for the case where the magnetic field generated by the remanence is small and is not enough to generate the magnetic flux vortex loaded with MZM on the topological superconductor layer.
- the local magnetic field generated by the above-mentioned magnetoelectric effect or equivalent magnetoelectric effect material layer under the control of an electric field is not large enough to generate a magnetic flux vortex loaded with MZM on the topological superconductor layer, it is preferable to further apply a macroscopic magnetic field to Guide the generation of the magnetic flux vortex loaded with MZM; due to the pinning effect, the local magnetic field superimposed on the macroscopic magnetic field can still restrain the magnetic flux vortex loaded with MZM.
- the macroscopic magnetic field can be obtained by, but not limited to, first growing a material with large remanence, such as Fe, CO, etc., under the magnetoelectric material, or using a coil.
- the local magnetic field array includes: a topological superconductor 1, a material layer with equivalent magnetoelectric effect, an electrode 3, and a control circuit 4 arranged sequentially from top to bottom, in which: the topological superconductor 1 and the material layer 2 with equivalent magnetoelectric effect constitute a heterojunction, and the electrode 3 is connected to the material layer 2 and the control circuit 4 respectively.
- photolithography can be used to fabricate larger arrays.
- a similar method can be used to complete the complex movement process of MZM and realize various complex weaving operations required for topological quantum computing.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 一种用电场控制马约拉纳零能模移动的方法,其特征在于,采用磁电层构建由电场控制的局域磁场阵列,通过局域磁场阵列束缚或者直接在拓扑超导体上产生负载MZM的磁通涡旋,进一步通过移动磁场实现马约拉纳零能模移动以及编织操作。A method for controlling Majorana zero-energy mode movement by electric field, which is characterized in that a magnetoelectric layer is used to construct a local magnetic field array controlled by an electric field, and the local magnetic field array is bound by the local magnetic field array or a load MZM is directly generated on the topological superconductor The magnetic flux vortex further realizes Majorana zero-energy mode movement and weaving operation by moving the magnetic field.
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述的局域磁场阵列用于定义马约拉纳零能模的移动路线,包括:磁电层与拓扑超导体层构成的异质结及其电极组成的阵列,与阵列相连的控制电路。The method according to claim 1, wherein the local magnetic field array is used to define the movement route of the Majorana zero-energy mode, comprising: a heterojunction formed by a magnetoelectric layer and a topological superconductor layer and its An array of electrodes, a control circuit connected to the array.
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述的磁电层,为具有磁电效应或等效磁电效应的材料制成。The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetoelectric layer is made of a material having a magnetoelectric effect or an equivalent magnetoelectric effect.
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征是,所述的磁电层采用具有压磁效应的材料,具有等效磁电效应的压磁材料和压电材料的组合体或者是铁磁体和/或压电材料的组合体。The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the magnetoelectric layer is made of a material with a piezomagnetic effect, a combination of a piezomagnetic material with an equivalent magnetoelectric effect and a piezoelectric material, or a ferromagnetic material And/or a combination of piezoelectric materials.
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述的移动磁场是指:通过电场控制相邻电极处连接的磁电层与拓扑超导体层构成的异质结的磁场变化实现,由于拓扑超导体上产生负载MZM的磁通涡旋会随着局域磁场移动,移动磁场就可以移动MZM。The method according to claim 1, wherein the moving magnetic field refers to: controlling the magnetic field change of the heterojunction formed by the magnetoelectric layer and the topological superconductor layer connected at adjacent electrodes by an electric field, because the topological superconductor The magnetic flux vortex that generates the load MZM will move with the local magnetic field, and the MZM can be moved by moving the magnetic field.
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述的局域磁场阵列采用光刻技术制成。The method according to claim 1, wherein the local magnetic field array is made by photolithography technology.
- 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征是,当采用具有磁电效应材料产生局域磁场时,用电场来产生和控制磁场的具体实现方式为:对磁电材料施加电场,磁电效应导致产生局域磁场,撤掉电场即可移除局域磁场;The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, when a material with a magnetoelectric effect is used to generate a local magnetic field, the specific implementation of using an electric field to generate and control the magnetic field is: applying an electric field to the magnetoelectric material, and the magnetoelectric effect It causes a local magnetic field to be generated, and the local magnetic field can be removed by removing the electric field;当采用PZM/PZE组合体来产生局域磁场时,用电场来产生和控制磁场的具体实现方式为:对底层压电材料施加电场,压电效应产生形变传导至上层压磁材料层,压磁效应导致产生磁场,撤掉电场即可移除局域磁场;When the PZM/PZE combination is used to generate the local magnetic field, the specific realization method of using the electric field to generate and control the magnetic field is: applying an electric field to the bottom piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric effect produces deformation and conducts to the upper laminated magnetic material layer, pressing The magnetic effect causes a magnetic field, and the local magnetic field can be removed by removing the electric field;当采用FM/PZE组合体时,用电场来产生和控制磁场的具体实现方式为:具体控制转换机制和PZM/PZE组合体类似,区别在于对于PZM,加反向电场会完全翻转材料磁化方向;对于FM加反向电场一般只是将磁化方向转动90°,而且铁磁体有剩磁,该组合体层适用于其剩磁产生的磁场较小,不足以在拓扑超导体层上产生负载有MZM的磁通涡旋的情况。When using the FM/PZE combination, the specific implementation method of using the electric field to generate and control the magnetic field is: the specific control conversion mechanism is similar to the PZM/PZE combination, the difference is that for PZM, the reverse electric field will completely reverse the magnetization direction of the material ; For FM plus a reverse electric field, generally it only rotates the magnetization direction by 90°, and the ferromagnet has remanence. The composite layer is suitable for the magnetic field generated by the remanence is small, and it is not enough to generate a load with MZM on the topological superconductor layer. The magnetic flux vortex.
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征是,进一步施加宏观磁场来引导负载有MZM的磁通涡旋的产生;由于钉扎效应,叠加在宏观磁场之上的局域磁场仍可以束缚住负载有MZM的磁通涡旋。The method according to claim 7, wherein the macroscopic magnetic field is further applied to guide the generation of the magnetic flux vortex loaded with MZM; due to the pinning effect, the local magnetic field superimposed on the macroscopic magnetic field can still restrain the load There is the magnetic flux vortex of MZM.
- 一种控制马约拉纳零能模移动的局域磁场阵列,其特征在于,由若干基本单元组成,每个基本单元包括:拓扑超导体和与之相连构成异质结的具有等效磁电效应的材料层以及设置于材料层两侧的电极。A local magnetic field array for controlling the movement of Majorana zero-energy mode, which is characterized in that it is composed of a number of basic units, and each basic unit includes: a topological superconductor and a heterojunction connected to it with an equivalent magnetoelectric effect The material layer and the electrodes arranged on both sides of the material layer.
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CN106058037A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-10-26 | 苏州市奎克力电子科技有限公司 | Composite multiferroic material |
US20170091649A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-03-30 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Adiabatic phase gates in parity-based quantum computers |
CN107038141A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-08-11 | 章美前 | A kind of quantum chip |
CN110880039A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-03-13 | 上海交通大学 | Method for controlling movement of Macarana zero-energy mode by electric field |
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CN107293638B (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of Josephson's junction device and preparation method thereof |
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CN105164704A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-12-16 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Topological qubit fusion |
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