WO2021091821A1 - Système de charge rapide cc alimenté par batterie - Google Patents

Système de charge rapide cc alimenté par batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021091821A1
WO2021091821A1 PCT/US2020/058529 US2020058529W WO2021091821A1 WO 2021091821 A1 WO2021091821 A1 WO 2021091821A1 US 2020058529 W US2020058529 W US 2020058529W WO 2021091821 A1 WO2021091821 A1 WO 2021091821A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric
charging
electric vehicle
converter
pole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/058529
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Valery Miftakhov
Original Assignee
Enel X North America, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/675,137 external-priority patent/US20200139834A1/en
Application filed by Enel X North America, Inc. filed Critical Enel X North America, Inc.
Publication of WO2021091821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021091821A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the disclosed embodiments relate in general to the field of electric charging technology, such as electric vehicle charging, and, more specifically, to a battery-backed DC fast charging system.
  • inventive methodology is directed to methods and systems that substantially obviate one or more of the above and other problems associated with conventional systems and methods for electrical vehicle charging and power grid management.
  • a system for charging an electric or hybrid-electric vehicle comprising: a low power grid interface comprising an AC pole and a DC pole, the AC pole being electrically connected to an electrical power grid; a battery buffer electrically connected to the DC pole of the low power grid interface; and a DC-DC converter having an input DC pole and an output DC pole, the input DC pole being connected to the battery buffer and the output DC pole being connected to an electric vehicle, wherein the connection between the battery buffer and the DC-DC converter is a DC electrical connection.
  • the battery buffer comprises second life batteries.
  • the DC-DC converter is a buck converter. [0009] In one or more embodiments, the DC-DC converter is a CHAdeMO converter.
  • the battery buffer comprises a battery management system for managing the battery buffer.
  • the system further comprises a charge controller operatively coupled at least to the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter for controlling the operation of the the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter based on electrical power grid conditions.
  • the charge controller in a first operation mode, is configured to cause the the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter to charge the electric vehicle.
  • the charge controller in a second operation mode, is configured to cause the the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter to stop charging the electric vehicle.
  • the charge controller in a third operation mode, is configured to cause electrical power from the battery buffer to be supplied back to the electrical grid.
  • the low power grid interface in the third operation mode, operates as a grid-tie inverter.
  • system further comprises a low- profile mechanical assembly for housing the low power grid interface, the battery buffer and the DC-DC converter.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly is adaptable for being placed on a surface of a parking lot.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly comprises two ramps for vehicle wheels.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly comprises a protrusion disposed between the two ramps for vehicle wheels.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly is 5 inches thick
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly comprises attachments for loading and unloading.
  • a method for charging an electric or hybrid-electric vehicle comprising: providing a low power grid interface comprising an AC pole and a DC pole, the AC pole being electrically connected to an electrical power grid; providing a battery buffer electrically connected to the DC pole of the low power grid interface; and providing a DC-DC converter having an input DC pole and an output DC pole, the input DC pole being connected to the battery buffer and the output DC pole being connected to an electric vehicle, wherein the connection between the battery buffer and the DC-DC converter is a DC electrical connection.
  • the battery buffer comprises second life batteries.
  • the DC-DC converter is a buck converter. [0025] In one or more embodiments, the DC-DC converter is a CHAdeMO converter.
  • the battery buffer comprises a battery management system for managing the battery buffer.
  • the system further comprises a charge controller operatively coupled at least to the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter for controlling the operation of the the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter based on electrical power grid conditions.
  • the charge controller in a first operation mode, is configured to cause the the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter to charge the electric vehicle.
  • the charge controller in a second operation mode, is configured to cause the the low power grid interface and the DC-DC converter to stop charging the electric vehicle.
  • the charge controller in a third operation mode, is configured to cause electrical power from the battery buffer to be supplied back to the electrical grid.
  • the low power grid interface in the third operation mode, operates as a grid-tie inverter.
  • system further comprises a low- profile mechanical assembly for housing the low power grid interface, the battery buffer and the DC-DC converter.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly is adaptable for being placed on a surface of a parking lot.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly comprises two ramps for vehicle wheels.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly comprises a protrusion disposed between the two ramps for vehicle wheels.
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly is 5 inches thick
  • the low-profile mechanical assembly comprises attachments for loading and unloading.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a logical diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a novel high-power DC charging station for fast electric vehicle charging
  • Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a connection of the battery buffer and the DC-DC converter.
  • Figure 3 illustrates exemplary low profile mechanical assembly of an embodiment of the high-power DC charging station.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a logical diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a novel high-power DC charging station 100 for fast electric vehicle charging.
  • the high-power DC charging station 100 incorporates a low power grid interface 101 coupled to the electrical grid using power feed 102.
  • the grid power feed 102 may be a standard 208/240V low-power electrical connection.
  • the use of the low-power electrical connection allows the operator of the high-power DC charging station 100 to avoid demand charges from the utility company operating the electrical gird.
  • the low power grid interface 101 comprtises a bidirectional AC-DC voltage/current inverter for converting the AC current supplied by the grid to DC current at a predetermined voltage for charging a battery buffer 104.
  • the power grid interface 101 may be used as a grid-tie inverter for converting the DC current supplied by the battery buffer 104 into grid-synchronized AC electrical power for supplying back to the grid through the grid power feed 102.
  • a DC output 103 of the low power grid interface 101 is electrically connected to a battery buffer 104.
  • the battery buffer 104 is a 12-15kWh second-life battery pack, which may use second life electric vehicle batteries.
  • second life batteries carry at least 80% of their nominal capacity and cost a fraction (e.g. $1500) of the price of a new battery.
  • the battery buffer 104 may be used to provide up to 50kW power burst to the charged electric vehicle.
  • the battery buffer 104 may be provided with a battery management system (BMS) 108 for managing the battery of the buffer 104 by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, ensuring balanced charging and discharging of each battery cell, monitoring its state, calculating secondary data, reporting that data and controlling its environment.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery buffer 104 is connected to a DC- DC converter 105, which converted DC output is, in turn, is connected to an electric vehicle 106 under charge.
  • the DC-DC converter 105 operates to convert the voltage of the battery buffer 104 into an electric vehicle charging voltage for charging the vehicle 106.
  • the DC-DC converter 105 is implemented as a buck converter, well known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the buck converter may utilize high power MOSFET(s).
  • the DC-DC converter 105 is implemented and operates in accordance with CHAdeMO quick charging technique for battery electric vehicles delivering up to 50 kW of high- voltage direct current via a special electrical connector. The aforesaid CHAdeMO quick charging technique is well known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC converter 105 is 97% and the cost is less than $1 ,500.
  • the high-power DC charging station 100 further incorporates a networked charging controller 107, which operates to control the high-power DC charging station 100 based on the sensed electrical grid conditions, such as grid load.
  • the networked charging controller 107 is configured to control the operating modes of the low power grid interface 101 (direct AC to DC conversion or reverse grid-tie inversion) as well as the charging of the electric vehicle through the DC-DC converter 105 (charge start or charge stop).
  • the networked charging controller 107 operates in conjunction with a computerized system for smart grid integrated electric vehicle charging described in co-pending U.S. patent application No. 15/004,980, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the networked charging controller 107 may also be connected to the electric vehicle 106 for exchanging charge-related information and commands with the vehicle.
  • the networked charging controller 107 may be configured to switch on the charging of the battery buffer 104 using the current supplied by the grid, thereby reducing the excess electrical power in the grid.
  • the networked charging controller 107 may be configured to switch off the charging of the battery buffer 104.
  • the networked charging controller 107 may be configured to cause the electrical power stored in the battery buffer 104 to be suppied back to the power grid by means of the aforesaid low power grid interface 101 operating in the grid-tie inverter mode.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a connection of the battery buffer 104 and the DC-DC converter 105.
  • the battery buffer 104 incorporates five storage batteries 201 , 202, 203, 204 and 205 each having a nominal voltage of 100V, connected in series.
  • the total voltage of the battery pack of the battery buffer 104 is 500V.
  • the DC-DC converter 105 is connected between the poles of the batteries 201 and 202 and the electric vehicle.
  • the electrical connection technique shown in Figure 2 reduces the maximum voltage drop across the poles of DC-DC converter 105 to just 200V, eliminating the need for using expensive and bulky high-voltage components in its design.
  • this type of connection arrangement ensures that the DC-DC converter 105 operates in the most efficient manner.
  • any imbalance in the charge/discharge state of the batteries 201-205 of the battery buffer 104 is corrected by the aforesaid battery management system 108.
  • Figure 3 illustrates exemplary low profile mechanical assembly 300 of an embodiment of the high-power DC charging station 100.
  • the low profile mechanical assembly 300 of the high-power DC charging station 100 is positioned on a surface of a parking lot vehicle stall. The vehicle to be charged is driven on top of the low profile mechanical assembly 300 of the high-power DC charging station 100.
  • this type of mechanical configuration reduces the area of the parking lot taken by the vehicle charging equipment.
  • the exemplary low profile mechanical assembly 300 is implemented as a low profile rigid mechanical assembly having two wheel ramps 301 and 302 for vehicle wheels as well as a protrusion 303 disposed between the two wheel ramps 301 and 302.
  • the thickness of the mechanical assembly 300 is about 5 inches.
  • the low profile mechanical assembly 300 may be provided with one or more attachments for lifting equipment, such as hooks, eyes or the like.
  • all of the compoments of the high-power DC charging station 100 shown in Figure 1 are disposed inside of the low profile mechanical assembly 300.
  • Power cables may be provide for connecting the the mechanical assembly 300 to the electrical grid and to the charged vehicle.
  • the low profile mechanical assembly 300 is further provided with WIFI or cellular connectivity for connection to data network to enable grid management.
  • the low profile mechanical assembly 300 is provided with wire hookups for connecting the grid electrical feed and the electric vehicle charging cable.
  • the illustrated low profile mechanical assembly 300 is exemplary only and any other type of mechanical configuration may be used to house the components of the high-power DC charging station 100.
  • processes and techniques described herein are not inherently related to any particular apparatus and may be implemented by any suitable combination of components. Further, various types of general purpose devices may be used in accordance with the teachings described herein. It may also prove advantageous to construct specialized apparatus to perform the method steps described herein.
  • the present invention has been described in relation to particular examples, which are intended in all respects to be illustrative rather than restrictive.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de charge d'un véhicule électrique ou hybride-électrique, le système comprenant : une interface de réseau basse puissance comprenant un pôle CA et un pôle CC, le pôle CA étant électriquement connecté à une réseau électrique; un tampon de batterie connecté électriquement au pôle CC de l'interface de réseau basse puissance; et un convertisseur CC-CC ayant un pôle CC d'entrée et un pôle CC de sortie, le pôle CC d'entrée étant connecté au tampon de batterie et le pôle CC de sortie étant connecté à un véhicule électrique, la connexion entre le tampon de batterie et le convertisseur CC-CC étant une connexion électrique CC.
PCT/US2020/058529 2019-11-05 2020-11-02 Système de charge rapide cc alimenté par batterie WO2021091821A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/675,137 US20200139834A1 (en) 2014-09-14 2019-11-05 Battery-backed dc fast charging system
US16/675,137 2019-11-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021091821A1 true WO2021091821A1 (fr) 2021-05-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2020/058529 WO2021091821A1 (fr) 2019-11-05 2020-11-02 Système de charge rapide cc alimenté par batterie

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WO (1) WO2021091821A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130241485A1 (en) * 2010-11-02 2013-09-19 Global Solar Water Power Systems, Inc. Grid tie system and method
US20130264865A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-10 Sony Corporation Electric power supplying apparatus, electric power supplying method, inverter, and electric vehicle
US20160339788A1 (en) * 2014-09-14 2016-11-24 Electric Motor Werks, Inc. Battery-backed dc fast charging system
KR20180077530A (ko) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-09 주식회사 유라코퍼레이션 전기 차량 충전용 변환 어댑터의 전원공급장치 및 이를 구비한 전기 차량 충전용 변환 어댑터
US20180345807A1 (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle charging station having degraded energy storage units and methods thereof
US20200139834A1 (en) * 2014-09-14 2020-05-07 Enel X North America, Inc. Battery-backed dc fast charging system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130241485A1 (en) * 2010-11-02 2013-09-19 Global Solar Water Power Systems, Inc. Grid tie system and method
US20130264865A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-10 Sony Corporation Electric power supplying apparatus, electric power supplying method, inverter, and electric vehicle
US20160339788A1 (en) * 2014-09-14 2016-11-24 Electric Motor Werks, Inc. Battery-backed dc fast charging system
US20200139834A1 (en) * 2014-09-14 2020-05-07 Enel X North America, Inc. Battery-backed dc fast charging system
KR20180077530A (ko) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-09 주식회사 유라코퍼레이션 전기 차량 충전용 변환 어댑터의 전원공급장치 및 이를 구비한 전기 차량 충전용 변환 어댑터
US20180345807A1 (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle charging station having degraded energy storage units and methods thereof

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