WO2021088239A1 - Device and method for measuring dynamic lateral strain of test piece by means of liquid volume - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring dynamic lateral strain of test piece by means of liquid volume Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021088239A1 WO2021088239A1 PCT/CN2019/129987 CN2019129987W WO2021088239A1 WO 2021088239 A1 WO2021088239 A1 WO 2021088239A1 CN 2019129987 W CN2019129987 W CN 2019129987W WO 2021088239 A1 WO2021088239 A1 WO 2021088239A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0611—Hydraulic or pneumatic indicating, recording or sensing means
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Abstract
Disclosed are a device and method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by means of liquid volume, the measuring device comprising a conversion device which is used for converting dynamic lateral strain information of a piece to be tested into liquid elevation dynamic change information, an collection device which is used for acquiring the liquid elevation dynamic change information in real time, and a fixing device which is used for fixing the conversion device to an SHPB experiment platform and adjusting the vertical height of the conversion device. The present invention converts the lateral strain of a test piece to a change in measured liquid volume, and same is further converted into a change in liquid elevation. A high-speed dynamic signal collection instrument collects an elevation signal received by an elevation signal sensor, converts the elevation signal of a liquid into a digital signal and transmits same to a computer. A curve of volume changing over time is formed in the computer, and a curve of the lateral strain of the test piece changing over time under a dynamic load may be obtained according to specific size information and so on of the test piece. In the present invention, measurement results of the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece are accurate, and the measurement method is reasonable and reliable.
Description
本发明涉及采用SHPB实验系统进行煤岩等脆性材料动态力学特性测试的技术领域，具体涉及一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of testing the dynamic mechanical properties of brittle materials such as coal and rock by using an SHPB experimental system, and specifically relates to a device and a method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece through a liquid volume.
在实际工程应用中，煤岩等材料常常受高强度动态冲击，材料在受短时间内高强度动载冲击时，表现出与静态加载截然不同的力学特性。由于分离式霍普金森压杆装置结构简单，设计思想新颖，一直是研究高应变率（10
2～10
4）下材料力学特性最主要的实验方法。在测量动载条件下煤岩等脆性材料的力学特性时，试件的轴向应变和轴向应力可以对波导杆上的应变信号进行换算获得。试件的动态侧向应变也是研究材料动态特性的一个重要参数。
In practical engineering applications, materials such as coal and rock are often subject to high-strength dynamic impacts. When the materials are subject to high-strength dynamic loads within a short period of time, they exhibit completely different mechanical properties from static loads. Due to the simple structure and novel design idea of the split Hopkinson pressure bar device, it has always been the most important experimental method for studying the mechanical properties of materials at high strain rates (10 2 ～10 4 ). When measuring the mechanical properties of brittle materials such as coal and rock under dynamic load conditions, the axial strain and axial stress of the specimen can be obtained by converting the strain signal on the waveguide rod. The dynamic lateral strain of the specimen is also an important parameter for studying the dynamic characteristics of materials.
采用SHPB实验平台对煤岩等脆性材料进行加载试验时，现多采用在试件侧面粘贴应变片的方法来获得材料的侧向应变。该方法具有一定的局限性，其一，试件在受动载冲击下，试件的侧向应变往往是不均匀的，采用粘贴应变片的方法只能测试出试件侧面某一点的应变，以此来表示试件整体的侧向应变是不准确的。其二，对于动载冲击，短时间内试件的侧向应变急剧增加，很容易造成应变片的断路，导致侧向应变测量的不准确。其三，对于煤岩等脆性材料，由于其表面是相对粗糙的弧面，造成了应变片不易粘贴，且不能很好的贴合试件表面，动载作用下很容易造成应变片脱落，影响实验数据的完整性。其四，应变片粘贴在试件的表面，难以重复使用。When using the SHPB experimental platform to load tests on brittle materials such as coal and rock, the method of sticking strain gauges on the side of the specimen is now used to obtain the lateral strain of the material. This method has certain limitations. First, the lateral strain of the specimen is often uneven when the specimen is impacted by a dynamic load. The method of pasting a strain gauge can only test the strain at a certain point on the side of the specimen. It is inaccurate to express the lateral strain of the whole specimen in this way. Second, for dynamic load impact, the lateral strain of the specimen increases sharply in a short time, which can easily cause the disconnection of the strain gauge, resulting in inaccurate lateral strain measurement. Third, for brittle materials such as coal and rock, the surface of the strain gauge is relatively rough and curved, which makes it difficult to stick the strain gauges, and does not fit the surface of the specimen well. It is easy to cause the strain gauges to fall off under the action of dynamic load, which affects Completeness of experimental data. Fourth, the strain gauge is stuck on the surface of the test piece, which is difficult to reuse.
为了弥补现有采用粘贴应变片的方式获得试件动载侧向应变所存在的缺陷，本发明提出一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置及方法。In order to make up for the existing defects in the method of pasting strain gauges to obtain the dynamic lateral strain of the test piece, the present invention proposes a device and method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of the test piece by liquid volume.
本发明所采用的技术解决方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，包括用于将待测试件的动态侧向应变信息转化为液体高程动态变化信息的转换装置，用于实时获取液体高程动态变化信息的采集装置，以及用于将转换装置固定在SHPB实验台上且调节转换装置竖直高度的固定装置；A device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume, including a conversion device for converting the dynamic lateral strain information of the test piece into liquid elevation dynamic change information, and is used for real-time acquisition of liquid elevation dynamic change information Device, and a fixing device used to fix the conversion device on the SHPB test bench and adjust the vertical height of the conversion device;
所述转换装置包括缸体、盖板和橡胶皮套，缸体呈空心圆筒状，水平布置，缸体的两端分别与盖板螺纹连接，在盖板的中心设置有供入射杆或透射杆穿过的圆孔，在缸体与盖板之间还设置有用于缸体内部空间密封的橡胶垫圈；待测试件呈圆柱状，所述橡胶皮套套在待测试件的外侧，并将待测试件紧紧包裹，待测试件置于缸体内部中心处，待测试件的两端分别与入射杆和透射杆的端部相抵触；在缸体的底部两侧开设有进液孔和第一出液孔，在缸体的顶部开设有第二出液孔，进液孔和第一出液孔与输液管路连接，在缸体的上方设置有量管，量管为两端敞口的透明玻璃管，竖直放置，量管的底部与第二出液孔相连通；The conversion device includes a cylinder body, a cover plate and a rubber holster. The cylinder body is in the shape of a hollow cylinder and is arranged horizontally. Both ends of the cylinder body are respectively screwed with the cover plate. The center of the cover plate is provided with a rod for incident or transmission. The round hole through which the rod passes is provided with a rubber gasket for sealing the internal space of the cylinder between the cylinder body and the cover plate; the test piece is cylindrical, and the rubber holster is sleeved on the outside of the test piece, and The test piece is tightly wrapped, and the test piece is placed in the center of the cylinder body. The two ends of the test piece conflict with the ends of the incident rod and the transmission rod, respectively; the bottom two sides of the cylinder are provided with liquid inlet and The first liquid outlet hole is provided with a second liquid outlet hole on the top of the cylinder body. The liquid inlet hole and the first liquid outlet hole are connected with the infusion pipeline. A measuring tube is arranged above the cylinder body, and the measuring tube is open at both ends. The transparent glass tube of the mouth is placed vertically, and the bottom of the measuring tube is connected to the second outlet hole;
所述采集装置包括高程信号传感器和高速动态信号采集仪，高程信号传感器包括传感器外壳，传感器外壳套设在量管的外部，在传感器外壳的一侧布置有垂直分布光源，在传感器外壳的另一侧布置有垂直分布感光元件；高程信号传感器通过导线与高速动态信号采集仪连接，高速动态信号采集仪与计算机连接；The acquisition device includes an elevation signal sensor and a high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument. The elevation signal sensor includes a sensor housing, the sensor housing is sleeved on the outside of the measuring tube, and a vertically distributed light source is arranged on one side of the sensor housing, and on the other side of the sensor housing. Vertically distributed photosensitive elements are arranged on the side; the elevation signal sensor is connected to the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument through a wire, and the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument is connected to the computer;
所述固定装置包括底座、活柱和弧形托板，底座固定在SHPB试验台上，活柱的底端与底座连接，活柱的顶端与弧形托板连接，弧形托板与缸体的底部连接，在活柱上配置有用于调节活柱升降的调节螺栓。The fixing device includes a base, a movable column and an arc-shaped pallet. The pedestal is fixed on the SHPB test bench, the bottom end of the movable column is connected with the base, the top end of the movable column is connected with the arc-shaped pallet, and the arc-shaped pallet is connected with the cylinder. The bottom of the movable column is connected, and the movable column is equipped with an adjusting bolt for adjusting the lift of the movable column.
优选的，在第二出液孔处设置有连通件，连通件呈倒T形结构，在连通件的内部竖向设置有贯通的连通孔，连通件的底部与缸体的顶部连接，连通件的上部插入量管中，且连通件将量管的底端敞口密封。Preferably, a communicating piece is provided at the second outlet hole, the communicating piece is in an inverted T-shaped structure, and a through communicating hole is vertically arranged inside the communicating piece, and the bottom of the communicating piece is connected to the top of the cylinder, and the communicating piece The upper part of the measuring tube is inserted into the measuring tube, and the connecting piece seals the opening of the bottom end of the measuring tube.
优选的，所述盖板的外表面设置成磨砂面。Preferably, the outer surface of the cover plate is arranged as a frosted surface.
优选的，所述进液孔和第一出液孔与输液管路之间采用锥形螺纹连接。Preferably, a tapered thread connection is adopted between the liquid inlet hole and the first liquid outlet hole and the infusion pipeline.
优选的，所述传感器外壳为不透光的黑色外壳。Preferably, the sensor housing is an opaque black housing.
一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的方法，采用如上所述的装置，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume, using the device as described above, includes the following steps:
第一步，将待测试件加工成圆柱形，测量并记录待测试件的径向半径和轴向长度；The first step is to process the test piece into a cylindrical shape, measure and record the radial radius and axial length of the test piece;
第二步，将转换装置放置在SHPB试验台的夹持试件位置处，通过固定装置的活柱调节转换装置的缸体至合适高度；将试件安置于橡胶皮套内，并将试件与橡胶皮套置于缸体内部，且试件通过SHPB实验装置中的入射杆与透射杆夹紧；The second step is to place the conversion device at the position where the test piece is clamped on the SHPB test bench, and adjust the cylinder of the conversion device to a suitable height through the movable post of the fixing device; place the test piece in the rubber holster, and place the test piece The rubber sheath is placed inside the cylinder, and the test piece is clamped by the incident rod and the transmission rod in the SHPB experimental device;
第三步，安装好采集装置，打开高程信号传感器和高速动态信号采集仪，打开进液孔和第二出液孔，关闭第一出液孔，由进液孔向缸体内部注入液体，直到高程信号传感器开始收到信号；The third step is to install the acquisition device, turn on the elevation signal sensor and high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument, open the liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet, close the first liquid outlet, and inject liquid into the cylinder from the liquid inlet until The elevation signal sensor begins to receive signals;
第四步，关闭进液孔，启动SHPB实验装置的冲击加载系统，发射子弹开始动载实验，高程信号传感器将量管内液体的高程信号转化为电信号，然后传输到高速动态信号采集仪中；The fourth step is to close the liquid inlet, start the impact loading system of the SHPB experimental device, launch the bullet to start the dynamic load experiment, the elevation signal sensor converts the elevation signal of the liquid in the measuring tube into an electrical signal, and then transmits it to the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument;
第五步，由计算机保存高速动态信号采集仪采集到的数据，形成高程随时间变化的曲线，再结合量管内半径，试件原始径向半径和轴向长度，换算出在一次动载冲击中试件侧向应变随时间变化的曲线；The fifth step, the computer saves the data collected by the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument to form a curve of elevation change with time, and then combines the inner radius of the measuring tube, the original radial radius and the axial length of the specimen, and converts it into a dynamic load impact The curve of the lateral strain of the test piece changing with time;
第六步，打开第一出液孔，回收缸体内液体，然后拧开两侧盖板，将缸体取下，将试件从橡胶皮套中取出，清理试验台。The sixth step is to open the first liquid outlet to recover the liquid in the cylinder, then unscrew the cover plates on both sides, remove the cylinder, take the test piece out of the rubber holster, and clean the test bench.
上述第五步中所述的高程随时间变化的曲线与侧向应变随时间变化的曲线采用以下步骤换算：The elevation versus time curve and the lateral strain versus time curve described in the fifth step above are converted using the following steps:
假设由高速动态信号采集仪采集到的由高程信号传感器获得的动态高程变化为△h(
t)，由于试件受到动载冲击产生的侧向扩容体积为
V
侧，量管内获得的液体体积增量为
V
量，计圆柱形试件的原长为
l，试件原始半径为
r，量管内半径为
R
管，应力波加载到
t时刻，轴向应变为
ε
轴(
t)，侧向应变为
ε
侧(
t)，则：
Assuming that the dynamic elevation change obtained by the elevation signal sensor collected by the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument is △h( t ), the lateral expansion volume generated by the dynamic load impact of the specimen is the V side , and the liquid volume obtained in the measuring tube increases V amount is an amount of the original gauge length L of the cylindrical test piece, the test piece of the original radius r, the radius R of the tube the amount of the stress wave loading to the time t, the axial strain ε shaft (t), lateral strain Is the ε side ( t ), then:
V 侧=
π{[
r(1+
ε 侧(
t))]
2-
r 2}×
l (1-
ε
侧(
t))
V side = π {[ r (1+ ε side ( t ))] 2 - r 2 }× l (1- ε side ( t ))
V 量=
π R 管 2 ×△h(
t)
V amount = π R tube 2 ×△h( t )
由于缸体内部与量管相通，且量管与大气相通，故试件由于受动载冲击造成侧向应变增加的体积等于量管内部增加的液体体积，即Since the inside of the cylinder is connected to the measuring tube, and the measuring tube is connected to the atmosphere, the volume of the increased lateral strain of the test piece due to the impact of the dynamic load is equal to the volume of the increased liquid inside the measuring tube, that is
V 量=
V 侧 V amount = V side
通过换算得到：Get through conversion:
即为应力波加载到
t时刻时试件的侧向应变。
It is the lateral strain of the specimen when the stress wave is loaded to time t.
（1）煤岩等脆性材料试件在受到动载冲击时的侧向应变是不均匀的，本发明将测量试件的侧向应变信息巧妙的转变为测量液体的体积变化信息，再根据液体体积变化信息结合试件基本信息换算出试件的侧向应变，测量方法合理，测量结果准确。(1) The lateral strain of brittle material specimens such as coal and rock is not uniform when subjected to dynamic load impact. The present invention cleverly transforms the lateral strain information of the measured specimen into the volume change information of the measured liquid, and then according to the liquid The volume change information is combined with the basic information of the specimen to convert the lateral strain of the specimen. The measurement method is reasonable and the measurement result is accurate.
（2）煤岩类试件受动载时侧向应变率较高，以往采用粘贴应变片的方法很容易造成应变片断路，导致数据缺失，本发明采用液体体积转换的方法间接测量试件的侧向应变，避免了采用应变片测量的不足，测量方法更加可靠。(2) The lateral strain rate of coal and rock specimens is relatively high when subjected to dynamic load. In the past, the method of pasting strain gages can easily cause strain gages to break, resulting in missing data. The present invention adopts the method of liquid volume conversion to indirectly measure the test specimens. The lateral strain avoids the shortcomings of using strain gauges for measurement, and the measurement method is more reliable.
（3）煤岩类试件测量时，其表面为粗糙的曲面，手工粘贴应变片的方法常因粘贴角度不合适，或粘贴不牢固而不能捕获到试件真实的侧向应变，本发明避免了煤岩试件不光滑的曲面的影响以及人工误差，测量精度明显提高。(3) During the measurement of coal and rock specimens, the surface is rough and curved. The method of manually pasting strain gauges is often due to improper pasting angles or weak pasting, which can not capture the true lateral strain of the specimens. The present invention avoids The influence of the non-smooth curved surface of the coal and rock specimens and the artificial error are eliminated, and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved.
（4）本发明装置测量原理简单，操作方便，且可以重复使用。(4) The measuring principle of the device of the invention is simple, the operation is convenient, and it can be used repeatedly.
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明：The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
图1为本发明一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置结构原理示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece through liquid volume according to the present invention;
图2为本发明装置在SHPB试验系统中的装配总图；Figure 2 is a general assembly diagram of the device of the present invention in the SHPB test system;
图3为本发明装置中固定装置的结构示意图； Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing device in the device of the present invention;
图4为本发明装置中转换装置的结构示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conversion device in the device of the present invention;
图5为本发明装置中采集装置的结构示意图； Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collection device in the device of the present invention;
图6为本发明中试件的参数标注示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of parameter labeling of the test piece in the present invention;
图7为本发明测量方法的实验流程图。Fig. 7 is an experimental flow chart of the measurement method of the present invention.
图中：1-底座，2-活柱，3-弧形托板，4-进液孔，5-缸体，6-入射杆侧盖板，7-橡胶垫圈，8-入射杆，9-待测试件，10-高程信号传感器，11-透射杆，12-透射杆侧盖板，13-橡胶皮套，14-第一出液孔，15-量管，16-导线，17-高速动态信号采集仪，18-计算机，19-垂直分布光源，20-传感器外壳，21-垂直分布感光元件，22-转换装置，23-固定装置，24-动载冲击装置，25-SHPB实验装置基座，26-采集装置，27-第二出液孔，28-连通件。In the picture: 1- base, 2- living column, 3- arc support plate, 4- inlet hole, 5- cylinder body, 6-incident rod side cover, 7-rubber gasket, 8-incident rod, 9- The test piece, 10-elevation signal sensor, 11-transmission rod, 12-transmission rod side cover, 13-rubber holster, 14-first outlet hole, 15-volume tube, 16-wire, 17-high-speed dynamic Signal acquisition instrument, 18-computer, 19-vertical distribution light source, 20-sensor housing, 21-vertical distribution photosensitive element, 22-conversion device, 23-fixed device, 24-dynamic impact device, 25-SHPB experimental device base , 26- collection device, 27- second outlet hole, 28- connecting piece.
分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统是研究中高应变率（10
2～10
4）下材料力学性能的最主要的实验方法，是爆炸与冲击动力学实验技术中重要组成成分。针对现有常用往试件侧面贴应变片的方法获得试件侧向应变的局限性，本发明提出了一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置及方法。本发明利用试件在受动态冲击时试件侧面体积的膨胀，巧妙地将试件受动载时侧面体积的变化转换为液体体积的变化，进而获得试件受动载过程中动态的侧向应变参数。与传统手工贴应变片的方式相比，本发明实现原理简单，大大提高了测量精度，并且本发明装置可以重复使用，总体来说具有经济型。
The separated Hopkinson pressure bar experimental system is the most important experimental method for studying the mechanical properties of materials at medium and high strain rates (10 2 ～10 4 ), and is an important component of the explosion and impact dynamics experimental technology. Aiming at the limitation of the conventional method of attaching strain gauges to the side of the test piece to obtain the lateral strain of the test piece, the present invention proposes a device and method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of the test piece by liquid volume. The invention utilizes the expansion of the side volume of the test piece when the test piece is subjected to dynamic impact, and ingeniously converts the change of the side volume of the test piece under the dynamic load into the change of the liquid volume, thereby obtaining the dynamic lateral direction of the test piece under the dynamic load. Strain parameters. Compared with the traditional way of manually attaching strain gauges, the present invention has simple implementation principles, greatly improves measurement accuracy, and the device of the present invention can be reused, and is generally economical.
下面结合附图对本发明装置及方法进行更为具体地说明。The device and method of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
结合附图，一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，包括转换装置22、采集装置26和固定装置23，转换装置用于将待测试件的动态侧向应变信息转化为液体高程动态变化信息，具体地是通过密闭缸体等部件，将试件在受动态冲击时侧面体积的膨胀，转换为量管内液体高程的变化。采集装置26用于实时获取液体高程动态变化信息，具体地是通过高程信号传感器获得量管内液体高程动态变化信息，再通过计算机处理最终获得试件的实时动态侧向应变。固定装置23用于将转换装置固定在SHPB实验台上，保证在进行动载实验时转换装置不会发生移动造成实验误差，而且固定装置可调节转换装置的竖直高度，使缸体处于合适高度。With reference to the drawings, a device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume includes a conversion device 22, an acquisition device 26 and a fixing device 23. The conversion device is used to convert the dynamic lateral strain information of the test piece into liquid elevation The dynamic change information is, specifically, the expansion of the side volume of the test piece when subjected to a dynamic impact through a sealed cylinder and other components, and it is converted into the change of the liquid elevation in the measuring tube. The acquisition device 26 is used for real-time acquisition of the dynamic change information of the liquid elevation, specifically the dynamic change information of the liquid elevation in the measuring tube is obtained through the elevation signal sensor, and then the real-time dynamic lateral strain of the specimen is finally obtained through computer processing. The fixing device 23 is used to fix the conversion device on the SHPB test bench to ensure that the conversion device will not move and cause experimental errors during the dynamic load experiment, and the fixing device can adjust the vertical height of the conversion device to keep the cylinder at a suitable height .
所述转换装置22包括缸体5、入射杆侧盖板6、透射杆侧盖板12和橡胶皮套13，缸体5呈空心圆筒状，水平布置，缸体的两端分别与入射杆侧盖板6和透射杆侧盖板12螺纹连接，以上两侧盖板均为圆形，中部有一略大于入射杆8或透射杆11直径的圆孔，以方便入射杆或透射杆穿过并移动。在缸体5与盖板之间还设置有用于缸体内部空间密封的橡胶垫圈7，橡胶垫圈7具体为圆环形橡胶垫片，其固定在缸体5的端面与盖板内侧面之间，橡胶垫圈的内环与穿过的入射杆或透射杆紧密接触，起到密封作用，保证两侧盖板与缸体5形成密闭的储液空间。The conversion device 22 includes a cylinder body 5, an incident rod side cover plate 6, a transmission rod side cover plate 12, and a rubber holster 13. The cylinder body 5 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder and is arranged horizontally. The two ends of the cylinder body are respectively connected to the incident rod The side cover plate 6 and the transmission rod side cover plate 12 are threadedly connected. The above two cover plates are circular, and the middle part has a circular hole slightly larger than the diameter of the entrance rod 8 or the transmission rod 11 to facilitate the entrance rod or the transmission rod to pass through and mobile. A rubber gasket 7 for sealing the internal space of the cylinder is also provided between the cylinder block 5 and the cover plate. The rubber gasket 7 is specifically a circular ring rubber gasket, which is fixed between the end surface of the cylinder block 5 and the inner surface of the cover plate. , The inner ring of the rubber gasket is in close contact with the incident rod or the transmission rod passing through, and plays a sealing role, ensuring that the cover plates on both sides and the cylinder 5 form a closed liquid storage space.
待测试件9加工成圆柱状，直径与入射杆8或透射杆11的直径相等。橡胶皮套13套在待测试件的外侧，并将待测试件紧紧包裹。待测试件置于缸体内部中心处，待测试件的两端分别与入射杆和透射杆的端部相抵触。待测试件侧面包裹橡胶皮套的目的是将试件与缸体内充注的液体隔绝，消除液体对试件侧向应变的影响。这样通过橡胶皮套将试件的侧面包裹，通过入射杆和透射杆将试件的两端掩盖，可使得试件与缸体内的液体完全隔绝，在实验过程中不用考虑试件材料会否与缸体内的液体发生吸附等问题，保证了实验结果的准确性。The test piece 9 is processed into a cylindrical shape, and the diameter is equal to the diameter of the incident rod 8 or the transmission rod 11. The rubber holster 13 is sleeved on the outside of the test piece and tightly wraps the test piece. The test piece is placed in the center of the cylinder, and the two ends of the test piece respectively collide with the ends of the incident rod and the transmission rod. The purpose of wrapping the rubber holster on the side of the test piece is to isolate the test piece from the liquid filled in the cylinder and eliminate the influence of the liquid on the lateral strain of the test piece. In this way, the side of the test piece is wrapped by a rubber sheath, and the two ends of the test piece are covered by the incident rod and the transmission rod, which can completely isolate the test piece from the liquid in the cylinder. During the experiment, there is no need to consider whether the material of the test piece will be The problem of adsorption with the liquid in the cylinder ensures the accuracy of the experimental results.
在缸体的底部两侧开设有进液孔4和第一出液孔14，在缸体的顶部开设有第二出液孔27，进液孔4和第一出液孔14与输液管路连接。在缸体的上方设置有量管15，量管15为两端敞口的透明玻璃管，竖直放置，量管15的底部与第二出液孔27相连通。A liquid inlet 4 and a first liquid outlet 14 are opened on both sides of the bottom of the cylinder, and a second liquid outlet 27 is opened on the top of the cylinder. The liquid inlet 4 and the first liquid outlet 14 and the infusion pipeline are opened. connection. A measuring tube 15 is arranged above the cylinder. The measuring tube 15 is a transparent glass tube with open ends, which is placed vertically, and the bottom of the measuring tube 15 is communicated with the second liquid outlet 27.
所述采集装置26包括高程信号传感器10和高速动态信号采集仪17，高程信号传感器10包括传感器外壳20，传感器外壳20套设在量管15的外部，在传感器外壳的一侧布置有垂直分布光源19，在传感器外壳的另一侧布置有垂直分布感光元件21。高程信号传感器10通过导线16与高速动态信号采集仪17连接，高速动态信号采集仪17通过导线与计算机18连接。The acquisition device 26 includes an elevation signal sensor 10 and a high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument 17. The elevation signal sensor 10 includes a sensor housing 20, which is sleeved on the outside of the measuring tube 15, and a vertically distributed light source is arranged on one side of the sensor housing. 19. A vertically distributed photosensitive element 21 is arranged on the other side of the sensor housing. The elevation signal sensor 10 is connected to a high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument 17 through a wire 16, and the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument 17 is connected to a computer 18 through a wire.
所述传感器外壳20为不透光的黑色外壳，可以阻隔外部光线对感光元件的干扰。所述缸体内的液体可选择不透光的黑色液体等。这样垂直分布光源19射出的光线通过透明量管15后由垂直分布感光元件21接收到，可以将量管内液体的高程信号转化为电信号，再由数据线传输到高速动态信号采集仪中，最终传输到计算机中形成高程随时间变化的曲线，经过处理得到试件的侧向应变随时间变化的曲线。The sensor housing 20 is an opaque black housing, which can block the interference of external light on the photosensitive element. The liquid in the cylinder can be a black liquid that does not transmit light or the like. In this way, the light emitted by the vertically distributed light source 19 passes through the transparent measuring tube 15 and is received by the vertically distributed photosensitive element 21. The elevation signal of the liquid in the measuring tube can be converted into an electric signal, and then transmitted to the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument by the data line. It is transferred to the computer to form a curve of elevation versus time, and after processing, a curve of the lateral strain of the specimen versus time is obtained.
所述固定装置23包括底座1、活柱2和弧形托板3，底座1为长板型，两侧开有两孔，可以通过螺栓固定在SHPB实验装置基座25上。活柱2的底端与底座连接，活柱2的顶端与弧形托板3连接，弧形托板3与缸体的底部连接。在活柱上配置有调节螺栓，用于调节活柱的升降，以保证被测试件与SHPB波导杆（入射杆和透射杆）满足同一高度。The fixing device 23 includes a base 1, a movable post 2 and an arc-shaped support plate 3. The base 1 is a long plate with two holes on both sides, and can be fixed on the base 25 of the SHPB experimental device by bolts. The bottom end of the movable post 2 is connected with the base, the top end of the movable post 2 is connected with the arc-shaped support plate 3, and the arc-shaped support plate 3 is connected with the bottom of the cylinder. An adjustment bolt is arranged on the movable column to adjust the lifting of the movable column to ensure that the test piece and the SHPB waveguide rod (incident rod and transmission rod) meet the same height.
作为对本发明的进一步设计，在第二出液孔处设置有连通件28，连通件28呈倒T形结构，在连通件的内部竖向设置有贯通的连通孔，连通件的底部与缸体的顶部连接，连通件的上部插入量管15中，且连通件将量管的底端敞口密封。缸体5内的液体经连通件28进入量管15中。连通件28的设置既方便了缸体与量管的连通，又方便了量管的安装固定。As a further design of the present invention, a connecting piece 28 is provided at the second outlet hole, the connecting piece 28 is in an inverted T-shaped structure, and a through connecting hole is vertically arranged inside the connecting piece. The bottom of the connecting piece is connected to the cylinder. The top of the measuring tube is connected, the upper part of the connecting piece is inserted into the measuring tube 15, and the connecting piece seals the bottom end of the measuring tube. The liquid in the cylinder 5 enters the measuring tube 15 through the connecting piece 28. The arrangement of the connecting member 28 not only facilitates the communication between the cylinder body and the measuring tube, but also facilitates the installation and fixation of the measuring tube.
更进一步的，所述入射杆侧盖板6与透射杆侧盖板12的外表面均设置成磨砂面，便于装卸。Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the incident rod side cover plate 6 and the transmission rod side cover plate 12 are both frosted, which is convenient for assembly and disassembly.
进一步的，上述橡胶皮套的两端设置有向外突出的圆环，橡胶皮套的伸展方向与圆环所处于的平面相垂直。这样在盖板与缸体之间进行螺纹连接时，橡胶皮套的圆环和橡胶垫圈一并置于盖板内侧和缸体端面之间，由盖板和缸体压紧，可进一步起到缸体内部的密封效果。Further, both ends of the rubber holster are provided with outwardly protruding rings, and the extension direction of the rubber holster is perpendicular to the plane where the rings are located. In this way, when the screw connection between the cover plate and the cylinder body is carried out, the ring of the rubber holster and the rubber gasket are placed between the inner side of the cover plate and the end surface of the cylinder body. The sealing effect inside the cylinder.
更进一步的，所述进液孔4和第一出液孔14分别与输液管路的进液管和出液管之间采用锥形螺纹连接，锥形螺纹可以实现过盈配合，保证密封性。Furthermore, the liquid inlet 4 and the first liquid outlet 14 are respectively connected with the liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the infusion pipeline by tapered threads, which can achieve interference fit and ensure tightness. .
本发明还提供一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的方法。试件在受到动载冲击时，产生动态的侧向应变，但试件在受动载时的侧向应变是不均匀的，本发明方法巧妙的将测量试件的侧向应变转移到测量液体体积的变化，再根据液体体积的动态变化换算获得试件的动态侧向应变。The invention also provides a method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of the test piece through the liquid volume. When the test piece is impacted by a dynamic load, dynamic lateral strain is generated, but the lateral strain of the test piece under dynamic load is not uniform. The method of the present invention cleverly transfers the lateral strain of the test piece to the measurement liquid The volume change is converted to obtain the dynamic lateral strain of the specimen according to the dynamic change of the liquid volume.
一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的方法，采用如上所述的装置，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume, using the device as described above, includes the following steps:
第一步，将待测试件9加工成圆柱形，测量并记录待测试件的径向半径和轴向长度。In the first step, the test piece 9 is processed into a cylindrical shape, and the radial radius and axial length of the test piece are measured and recorded.
第二步，将转换装置22放置在SHPB实验装置的基座上，并置于夹持试件位置处，通过固定装置的活柱2调节转换装置的缸体5至合适高度。将待测试件9安置于橡胶皮套13内，并将试件与橡胶皮套置于缸体5内部，且试件通过SHPB实验装置中的入射杆8与透射杆11夹紧。In the second step, the conversion device 22 is placed on the base of the SHPB experimental device and placed at the position where the specimen is clamped, and the cylinder 5 of the conversion device is adjusted to a suitable height through the movable post 2 of the fixing device. The test piece 9 is placed in the rubber holster 13, and the test piece and the rubber holster are placed inside the cylinder 5, and the test piece is clamped by the incident rod 8 and the transmission rod 11 in the SHPB experimental device.
第三步，安装好采集装置26，打开高程信号传感器10和高速动态信号采集仪17，打开进液孔4和第二出液孔27，关闭第一出液孔14，由进液孔向缸体内部注入黑色液体，直到高程信号传感器10开始收到信号。The third step is to install the acquisition device 26, turn on the elevation signal sensor 10 and the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument 17, open the liquid inlet 4 and the second liquid outlet 27, close the first liquid outlet 14, from the liquid inlet to the cylinder Black liquid is injected into the body until the elevation signal sensor 10 starts to receive signals.
第四步，关闭进液孔4，启动SHPB实验装置的冲击加载系统（包括动载冲击装置24），发射子弹开始动载实验，高程信号传感器10将量管内液体的高程信号转化为电信号，然后传输到高速动态信号采集仪17中。The fourth step is to close the liquid inlet 4, start the shock loading system of the SHPB experimental device (including the dynamic load impact device 24), launch the bullet to start the dynamic load experiment, and the elevation signal sensor 10 converts the elevation signal of the liquid in the measuring tube into an electrical signal. Then it is transmitted to the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument 17.
第五步，由计算机保存高速动态信号采集仪采集到的数据，形成高程随时间变化的曲线，再结合量管内半径，试件原始径向半径和轴向长度，换算出在一次动载冲击中试件侧向应变随时间变化的曲线。The fifth step, the computer saves the data collected by the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument to form a curve of elevation change with time, and then combines the inner radius of the measuring tube, the original radial radius and the axial length of the specimen, and converts it into a dynamic load impact The curve of the lateral strain of the specimen as a function of time.
第六步，打开第一出液孔14，回收缸体内液体，然后拧开两侧盖板即入射杆侧盖板6和透射杆侧盖板12，将缸体5取下，将试件从橡胶皮套中取出，清理试验台。The sixth step is to open the first liquid outlet 14 to recover the liquid in the cylinder, then unscrew the cover plates on both sides, namely the incident rod side cover plate 6 and the transmission rod side cover plate 12, remove the cylinder body 5, and remove the test piece Take it out of the rubber holster and clean the test bench.
上述第五步中所述的高程随时间变化的曲线与侧向应变随时间变化的曲线采用以下步骤换算：The elevation versus time curve and the lateral strain versus time curve described in the fifth step above are converted using the following steps:
假设由高速动态信号采集仪采集到的由高程信号传感器获得的动态高程变化为△h(
t)，由于试件受到动载冲击产生的侧向扩容体积为
V
侧，量管内获得的液体体积增量为
V
量，计圆柱形试件的原长为
l，试件原始半径为
r，量管内半径为
R
管，应力波加载到
t时刻，轴向应变为
ε
轴(
t)，侧向应变为
ε
侧(
t)，则：
Assuming that the dynamic elevation change obtained by the elevation signal sensor collected by the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument is △h( t ), the lateral expansion volume generated by the dynamic load impact of the specimen is the V side , and the liquid volume obtained in the measuring tube increases V amount is an amount of the original gauge length L of the cylindrical test piece, the test piece of the original radius r, the radius R of the tube the amount of the stress wave loading to the time t, the axial strain ε shaft (t), lateral strain Is the ε side ( t ), then:
V 侧=
π{[
r(1+
ε 侧(
t))]
2-
r 2}×
l (1-
ε
侧(
t))
V side = π {[ r (1+ ε side ( t ))] 2 - r 2 }× l (1- ε side ( t ))
V 量=
π R 管 2 ×△h(
t)
V amount = π R tube 2 ×△h( t )
由于缸体内部与量管相通，且量管与大气相通，故试件由于受动载冲击造成侧向应变增加的体积等于量管内部增加的液体体积，即Since the inside of the cylinder is connected to the measuring tube, and the measuring tube is connected to the atmosphere, the volume of the increased lateral strain of the test piece due to the impact of the dynamic load is equal to the volume of the increased liquid inside the measuring tube, that is
V 量=
V 侧 V amount = V side
通过换算得到：Get through conversion:
即为应力波加载到
t时刻时试件的侧向应变。
It is the lateral strain of the specimen when the stress wave is loaded to time t.
上述方式中未述及的部分采取或借鉴已有技术即可实现。 The parts not mentioned in the above methods can be realized by adopting or learning from existing technologies.
需要说明的是，在本说明书的教导下，本领域技术人员所作出的任何等同替代方式，或明显变型方式，均应在本发明的保护范围之内。It should be noted that, under the teaching of this specification, any equivalent alternatives or obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
- 一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，其特征在于：包括用于将待测试件的动态侧向应变信息转化为液体高程动态变化信息的转换装置，用于实时获取液体高程动态变化信息的采集装置，以及用于将转换装置固定在SHPB实验台上且调节转换装置竖直高度的固定装置；A device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume, which is characterized in that it includes a conversion device for converting the dynamic lateral strain information of the test piece into liquid elevation dynamic change information, and is used to obtain liquid elevation dynamics in real time. A device for collecting change information, and a fixing device for fixing the conversion device on the SHPB test bench and adjusting the vertical height of the conversion device;所述转换装置包括缸体、盖板和橡胶皮套，缸体呈空心圆筒状，水平布置，缸体的两端分别与盖板螺纹连接，在盖板的中心设置有供入射杆或透射杆穿过的圆孔，在缸体与盖板之间还设置有用于缸体内部空间密封的橡胶垫圈；待测试件呈圆柱状，所述橡胶皮套套在待测试件的外侧，并将待测试件紧紧包裹，待测试件置于缸体内部中心处，待测试件的两端分别与入射杆和透射杆的端部相抵触；在缸体的底部两侧开设有进液孔和第一出液孔，在缸体的顶部开设有第二出液孔，进液孔和第一出液孔与输液管路连接，在缸体的上方设置有量管，量管为两端敞口的透明玻璃管，竖直放置，量管的底部与第二出液孔相连通；The conversion device includes a cylinder body, a cover plate and a rubber holster. The cylinder body is in the shape of a hollow cylinder and is arranged horizontally. Both ends of the cylinder body are respectively screwed with the cover plate. The center of the cover plate is provided with a rod for incident or transmission. The round hole through which the rod passes is provided with a rubber gasket for sealing the internal space of the cylinder between the cylinder body and the cover plate; the test piece is cylindrical, and the rubber holster is sleeved on the outside of the test piece, and The test piece is tightly wrapped, and the test piece is placed in the center of the cylinder body. The two ends of the test piece conflict with the ends of the incident rod and the transmission rod, respectively; the bottom two sides of the cylinder are provided with liquid inlet and The first liquid outlet hole is provided with a second liquid outlet hole on the top of the cylinder body. The liquid inlet hole and the first liquid outlet hole are connected with the infusion pipeline. A measuring tube is arranged above the cylinder body, and the measuring tube is open at both ends. The transparent glass tube of the mouth is placed vertically, and the bottom of the measuring tube is connected to the second outlet hole;所述采集装置包括高程信号传感器和高速动态信号采集仪，高程信号传感器包括传感器外壳，传感器外壳套设在量管的外部，在传感器外壳的一侧布置有垂直分布光源，在传感器外壳的另一侧布置有垂直分布感光元件；高程信号传感器通过导线与高速动态信号采集仪连接，高速动态信号采集仪与计算机连接；The acquisition device includes an elevation signal sensor and a high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument. The elevation signal sensor includes a sensor housing, the sensor housing is sleeved on the outside of the measuring tube, and a vertically distributed light source is arranged on one side of the sensor housing, and on the other side of the sensor housing. Vertically distributed photosensitive elements are arranged on the side; the elevation signal sensor is connected to the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument through a wire, and the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument is connected to the computer;所述固定装置包括底座、活柱和弧形托板，底座固定在SHPB试验台上，活柱的底端与底座连接，活柱的顶端与弧形托板连接，弧形托板与缸体的底部连接，在活柱上配置有用于调节活柱升降的调节螺栓。The fixing device includes a base, a movable column and an arc-shaped pallet. The pedestal is fixed on the SHPB test bench, the bottom end of the movable column is connected with the base, the top end of the movable column is connected with the arc-shaped pallet, and the arc-shaped pallet is connected with the cylinder. The bottom of the movable column is connected, and the movable column is equipped with an adjusting bolt for adjusting the lift of the movable column.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，其特征在于：在第二出液孔处设置有连通件，连通件呈倒T形结构，在连通件的内部竖向设置有贯通的连通孔，连通件的底部与缸体的顶部连接，连通件的上部插入量管中，且连通件将量管的底端敞口密封。The device for measuring dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume according to claim 1, characterized in that: a connecting piece is provided at the second outlet hole, the connecting piece is in an inverted T-shaped structure, and the connecting piece The interior is vertically provided with a through communicating hole, the bottom of the communicating piece is connected with the top of the cylinder, the upper part of the communicating piece is inserted into the measuring tube, and the communicating piece seals the bottom end of the measuring tube.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，其特征在于：所述盖板的外表面设置成磨砂面。The device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the cover plate is set as a frosted surface.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，其特征在于：所述进液孔和第一出液孔与输液管路之间采用锥形螺纹连接。The device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are connected with the infusion pipeline by a tapered thread.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的装置，其特征在于：所述传感器外壳为不透光的黑色外壳。The device for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume according to claim 1, wherein the sensor housing is an opaque black housing.
- 一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的方法，采用如权利要求1-5中任一权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume, using the device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising the following steps:第一步，将待测试件加工成圆柱形，测量并记录待测试件的径向半径和轴向长度；The first step is to process the test piece into a cylindrical shape, measure and record the radial radius and axial length of the test piece;第二步，将转换装置放置在SHPB试验台的夹持试件位置处，通过固定装置的活柱调节转换装置的缸体至合适高度；将试件安置于橡胶皮套内，并将试件与橡胶皮套置于缸体内部，且试件通过SHPB实验装置中的入射杆与透射杆夹紧；The second step is to place the conversion device at the position where the test piece is clamped on the SHPB test bench, and adjust the cylinder of the conversion device to a suitable height through the movable post of the fixing device; place the test piece in the rubber holster, and place the test piece The rubber sheath is placed inside the cylinder, and the test piece is clamped by the incident rod and the transmission rod in the SHPB experimental device;第三步，安装好采集装置，打开高程信号传感器和高速动态信号采集仪，打开进液孔和第二出液孔，关闭第一出液孔，由进液孔向缸体内部注入液体，直到高程信号传感器开始收到信号；The third step is to install the acquisition device, turn on the elevation signal sensor and high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument, open the liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet, close the first liquid outlet, and inject liquid into the cylinder from the liquid inlet until The elevation signal sensor begins to receive signals;第四步，关闭进液孔，启动SHPB实验装置的冲击加载系统，发射子弹开始动载实验，高程信号传感器将量管内液体的高程信号转化为电信号，然后传输到高速动态信号采集仪中；The fourth step is to close the liquid inlet, start the impact loading system of the SHPB experimental device, launch the bullet to start the dynamic load experiment, the elevation signal sensor converts the elevation signal of the liquid in the measuring tube into an electrical signal, and then transmits it to the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument;第五步，由计算机保存高速动态信号采集仪采集到的数据，形成高程随时间变化的曲线，再结合量管内半径，试件原始径向半径和轴向长度，换算出在一次动载冲击中试件侧向应变随时间变化的曲线；The fifth step, the computer saves the data collected by the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument to form a curve of elevation change with time, and then combines the inner radius of the measuring tube, the original radial radius and the axial length of the specimen, and converts it into a dynamic load impact The curve of the lateral strain of the test piece changing with time;第六步，打开第一出液孔，回收缸体内液体，然后拧开两侧盖板，将缸体取下，将试件从橡胶皮套中取出，清理试验台。The sixth step is to open the first liquid outlet to recover the liquid in the cylinder, then unscrew the cover plates on both sides, remove the cylinder, take the test piece out of the rubber holster, and clean the test bench.
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种通过液体体积测量试件动态侧向应变的方法，其特征在于，第五步中所述的高程随时间变化的曲线与侧向应变随时间变化的曲线采用以下步骤换算：The method for measuring dynamic lateral strain of a test piece by liquid volume according to claim 6, characterized in that the elevation versus time curve and the lateral strain versus time curve in the fifth step adopt the following Step conversion:假设由高速动态信号采集仪采集到的由高程信号传感器获得的动态高程变化为△h( t)，由于试件受到动载冲击产生的侧向扩容体积为 V 侧，量管内获得的液体体积增量为 V 量，计圆柱形试件的原长为 l，试件原始半径为 r，量管内半径为 R 管，应力波加载到 t时刻，轴向应变为 ε 轴( t)，侧向应变为 ε 侧( t)，则： Assuming that the dynamic elevation change obtained by the elevation signal sensor collected by the high-speed dynamic signal acquisition instrument is △h( t ), the lateral expansion volume generated by the dynamic load impact of the specimen is the V side , and the liquid volume obtained in the measuring tube increases V amount is an amount of the original gauge length L of the cylindrical test piece, the test piece of the original radius r, the radius R of the tube the amount of the stress wave loading to the time t, the axial strain ε shaft (t), lateral strain Is the ε side ( t ), then:V 侧= π{[ r(1+ ε 侧( t))] 2- r 2}× l (1- ε 侧( t)) V side = π {[ r (1+ ε side ( t ))] 2 - r 2 }× l (1- ε side ( t ))V 量= πR 管 2 ×△h( t) V amount = πR tube 2 ×△h( t )由于缸体内部与量管相通，且量管与大气相通，故试件由于受动载冲击造成侧向应变增加的体积等于量管内部增加的液体体积，即Since the inside of the cylinder is connected to the measuring tube, and the measuring tube is connected to the atmosphere, the volume of the increased lateral strain of the test piece due to the impact of the dynamic load is equal to the volume of the increased liquid inside the measuring tube, that isV 量= V 侧 V amount = V side通过换算得到：Get through conversion:即为应力波加载到 t时刻时试件的侧向应变。 It is the lateral strain of the specimen when the stress wave is loaded to time t.
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