WO2021087658A1 - 具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用 - Google Patents

具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用 Download PDF

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WO2021087658A1
WO2021087658A1 PCT/CN2019/115310 CN2019115310W WO2021087658A1 WO 2021087658 A1 WO2021087658 A1 WO 2021087658A1 CN 2019115310 W CN2019115310 W CN 2019115310W WO 2021087658 A1 WO2021087658 A1 WO 2021087658A1
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proppant
composite material
porous composite
nanoparticles
nano
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PCT/CN2019/115310
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐泉
金衍
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中国石油大学(北京)
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and specifically relates to a self-suspension hydraulic fracturing film-coated proppant with a targeting function, as well as preparation and application.
  • Hydraulic fracturing requires the use of fracturing fluid to carry a large amount of proppant through high-pressure and high-speed pumping into the ground to fill the fractures Everywhere, cracks are supported to prevent the cracks from closing, allowing crude oil to flow into the bottom of the well through proppant gaps, opening up oil and gas transportation channels, thereby increasing oil and gas production and prolonging the life of oil wells, achieving the purpose of improving recovery.
  • Film coating refers to the artificial coating of a polymer material outside the traditional proppant. Compared with traditional proppants, coated proppants have the characteristics of high strength, low density, corrosion resistance and high conductivity. However, the resin film coated on the proppant is generally very thin. When the film is incomplete, the aggregate and resin film The interface between them is easy to be damaged. In addition, due to its rapid settlement and high cost, it still cannot meet the needs of the site well.
  • proppants for unconventional reservoir fracturing.
  • the proppants are relatively cheap, have strong suspending ability, high strength, low density, multi-function, and adapt to unconventional reservoir fracturing. .
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a self-suspension hydraulic fracturing film-coated proppant with targeting function
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the proppant
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the proppant.
  • the present invention provides a self-suspending hydraulic fracturing membrane-covered proppant with targeting function, wherein the proppant comprises:
  • the mechanical strength of the proppant is greatly increased, and it can be protected from the closure stress imposed by the formation.
  • the proppant has stronger adhesion and affinity between the aggregate and the resin film, and the sphericity of the proppant after coating is closer to 1.
  • the proppant has a polymer membrane structure on the outside, which can realize the transformation of surface free radicals from hydrophilic to oleophobic.
  • the suspension capacity is strong, and the strength after settlement is sufficient to support the new fractures, which is conducive to the discharge of oil and gas, and the flowback rate is low during flowback.
  • the special nanoparticles used in the proppant film can make it respond to specific external temperature and have excellent targeting ability.
  • the suspension ability can be changed by adjusting the adhesion amount of the polymer on the surface of the proppant particle.
  • the proppant can respond to external light stimuli, and realize the expected changes in adhesion, wettability, and thermosetting properties according to the strength and type of the stimulus.
  • the weight of the nanoparticles is 1-50% of the total weight of the nanoparticle-reinforced porous composite material coating.
  • the weight of the nanoparticles is 10-20% of the total weight of the nanoparticle-reinforced porous composite material coating.
  • the material of the particles is selected from rock, bauxite, kaolin, mica, ceramsite sand, quartz sand, minerals, nut shells, seed shells, walnut shells, fruit cores, coal gangue , Diatomaceous earth, glass balls, crushed charcoal, fly ash, red mud, furnace slag, sawdust, wood chips, resin particles, and a combination of one or more of jujube powder.
  • the particle size of the particles ranges from 10 mesh to 100 mesh.
  • the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of nanoparticle plasma metamaterials, nano silicon powder, amino/carboxyl silver nanoparticles, nano aluminum oxide, nano titanium oxide, nano holmium oxide, magnetic graphene, Single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nano-barium titanate, nano-strontium titanate, hydroxyl/carboxy/amino fluorescent quantum dots, two-dimensional transition metal carbides, two-dimensional transition metal nitrides , Two-dimensional transition metal carbonitrides, carboxyl/amino polystyrene microspheres, graphene, carbon nanofibers, nanodiamonds, and a combination of one or more of nanodiamond powders.
  • the nanoparticle plasmonic metamaterial is a combination of one or more of nano-gold, nano-silver, and nano-carbon.
  • the weight percentage of the carbon-containing nanoparticles in the nanoparticles is greater than or equal to 5%.
  • the weight percentage of the two-dimensional transition metal nitride or magnetic graphene added in the total nanoparticles is greater than or equal to 5%.
  • the weight percentage of the two-dimensional transition metal nitride or magnetic graphene added in the total nanoparticles is less than or equal to 30%.
  • the porous composite material is selected from one or more combinations of polymer materials that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water at room temperature; and the porous composite material contains at least A kind of said polymer material.
  • the organic solvent is acetone or alcohol organic solvent.
  • the alcoholic organic solvent is a linear or branched alkyl alcohol with a carbon number of 1-5.
  • the alcoholic organic solvent is ethanol.
  • the polymer material is polymethyl methacrylate and alcohol-soluble resin.
  • the alcohol-soluble resin is selected from one or a combination of melamine resin, polyurethane, polybutadiene phenolic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the nanoparticle-reinforced porous composite material coating further comprises one or a combination of one or more selected from the following auxiliary materials: a curing agent that accounts for 1 to 5% of the total mass of the coating , 2 to 10% of surface modifier and 1 to 5% of amine additives.
  • the thickener is selected from one or more combinations of sodium alginate, guar gum and carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the surface modifier is selected from one or a combination of sodium stearate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and silane coupling agent.
  • the amine additive is selected from ethylenediamine and/or triethanolamine.
  • the surface modifier of the present invention can strengthen the connection between the aggregate and the coating, and make the combination of the coating and the aggregate more compact and complete.
  • the dispersed phase of the nanoparticles is one-dimensional or multi-dimensional, and the particle size of the nanoparticles is 0.1-500 nm.
  • the bulk density of the proppant is less than 1.7 g/cm 3 .
  • the proppant has a crushing rate of less than 10% in the crushing resistance test of 69Mpa.
  • the nanoparticle reinforced composite material of the present invention has the ability to respond to temperature.
  • the responsiveness mentioned therein includes, but is not limited to, being able to respond to changes in the formation environment or actively applied external stimuli to change its own wettability, adhesion, thermosetting and other properties.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the proppant, wherein the method includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Separate the solid matter in the solution of step (2) from the solution and evenly filter it into water through a 20-40 mesh screen, and then separate the solid and liquid to obtain water-containing coated sand;
  • step (3) The water-containing coated sand obtained in step (3) is dried and then sieved to obtain the hydraulic fracturing coated proppant with targeting function.
  • the alcoholic organic solvent is a linear or branched alkyl alcohol with a carbon number of 1-5.
  • the alcoholic organic solvent is ethanol.
  • step (1) is to mix the porous composite material with acetone or alcohol organic solvent at a mass ratio of 1:(7-9), stir uniformly at room temperature, and then Add the nano particles at 4% of the added mass of the porous composite material and stir uniformly to obtain a mixed solution.
  • step (1) includes mixing the porous composite material with acetone or alcoholic organic solvent at a mass ratio of 1:(7-9), and rotating at a speed of 600 ⁇ 600 at room temperature. Stir at 1000rpm for 10-15min.
  • step (1) includes mixing the porous composite material with acetone or alcoholic organic solvent at a ratio of 50g:500ml, stirring uniformly at room temperature, and then adding the porous composite material 4% of the mass is added to the nanoparticles and stirred at 600-1000 rpm for 2 to 5 minutes.
  • step (2) includes adding the particles to the mixed solution obtained in step (1) under stirring, and mechanically stirring at 600-800 rpm for 2-5 min under normal temperature conditions.
  • the mass amount of water described in step (3) is 10-20 times the mass of the porous composite material.
  • step (4) includes placing the water-containing coated sand obtained in step (3) first at room temperature for 5-10 minutes, and then drying at 60-80°C for 4-6 hours, After screening, the hydraulic fracturing film-coated proppant with targeting function is obtained.
  • step (4) includes placing the water-containing coated sand obtained in step (3) first at room temperature for 5-10 minutes, then drying at 60-80°C for 5 hours, and sieving The existing hydraulic fracturing film-coated proppant with targeting function.
  • the sieving in step (4) is a 20-40 mesh sieve.
  • step (1) includes mixing the porous composite material with acetone or an alcohol-based organic solvent, and adding one or more of the aforementioned auxiliary materials of the present invention to mix, Then stir well at room temperature.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the aggregate and the outer resin film can be tightly combined, resulting in a large number of bubbles on the inside and outer surface of the resin film, thereby increasing the surface area of the film proppant and improving its self-suspension performance .
  • the present invention also provides the application of the proppant in hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoirs and conventional fracturing rock fracture support and diversion.
  • the present invention provides a self-suspension hydraulic fracturing film-coated proppant with targeting function, and its preparation and application.
  • the proppant of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the proppant Due to the effect of the added nanoparticles, the proppant has stronger adhesion and affinity between the aggregate and the resin film, and the sphericity of the proppant after coating is closer to 1.
  • the proppant has a polymer membrane structure on the outside, which can realize the transformation of surface free radicals from hydrophilic to oleophobic.
  • the suspension capacity is strong, and the strength after settlement is sufficient to support the new fractures, which is conducive to the discharge of oil and gas, and the flowback rate is low during flowback.
  • the special nanoparticles used in the proppant film can make it respond to specific external temperature and have excellent targeting ability.
  • the suspension capacity can be changed by adjusting the adhesion amount of the polymer on the surface of the proppant particle .
  • the proppant can respond to external light stimuli, and realize the expected changes in adhesion, wettability, and thermosetting properties according to the strength and type of stimulus.
  • the resin and other materials used in this method are derived from industrial production, creatively adding nanoparticles to improve the performance of the proppant, and has a more simplified operation process and More economical production costs.
  • Figure 1 shows the sedimentation of the film-coated proppant in deionized water for 100 minutes in Comparative Example 1 (the left image is a top view, and the right image is a side view).
  • Figure 2 shows the sedimentation of the film-coated proppant in deionized water for 100 minutes in Example 1 (the left figure is a top view, and the right figure is a side view).
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the film-coated proppant prepared in Example 1; where 1 is a resin film; 2 is the gap between the resin film and the skeleton; 3 is the skeleton; 4 is the air bubble; and 5 is the nanoparticle.
  • Example 4 is a schematic diagram of the target magnetic properties of the membrane-coated proppant prepared in Example 5.
  • the raw materials used in this example are all commercially available:
  • Single-layer graphene powder CAS number: 7440-44-0, diameter: 0.5-5 ⁇ m, thickness: ⁇ 0.8nm, single-layer rate: ⁇ 80%, purity: 99%, specific surface area (m 2 /g): 500 ⁇ 1000, resistivity ( ⁇ .cm): ⁇ 0.30.
  • Carbon quantum dot particles Double-emission co-doped carbon dots (N,S-cds) with long emission wavelength synthesized by solvothermal method.
  • L-cystine (0.125g) and O-phenylenediamine (0.5g) were dissolved in 20ml of ethanol and transferred to a 50ml stainless steel autoclave. The autoclave was then placed in an oven at 220°C for 12 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • N,S-CDs After that, add 2 ml of N,S-CDs to 4 ml of sodium hydroxide solution (1.25mol/L), centrifuge the mixture at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes, dissolve the precipitate with ethanol, and then use a cylindrical membrane filter (0.22 ⁇ m ) Filter the solution twice. Then the solution is spin-dried in a rotating device to obtain carbon dots.
  • the prepared N and S-CDs with dual emission peaks (595 and 648nm) do not require further modification under single excitation conditions, and can be used as fluorescent probes for strong acid sensing and Ag+ detection.
  • N,S-CDs have good pH reversibility and can be used for the detection of extreme acids.
  • the prepared N and S-CDs are quasi-spherical, with an average size of 2.97 nm, a narrow size distribution, and high solution dispersibility. They exhibit strong excitation independent emission at 595 nm, and the quantum yield is 35.7%.
  • step (2) Mix the phenolic resin and ethanol in step (1) with a resin solution in a ratio of 50g:500ml, and mechanically stir at 800rpm for 10min at room temperature, and seal the beaker during the stirring process to reduce ethanol volatilization.
  • step (1) pour the aggregate, carbon quantum dot particles and single-layer graphene powder in step (1) into the resin solution while stirring, and mechanically stir at 600 rpm for 2 minutes at room temperature to make it uniform in the resin solution distributed.
  • step (3) The mixture in step (3) is uniformly filtered into water through a 40-mesh screen, placed in a wind box after standing at room temperature for 5 minutes, dried at 80°C for 5 hours, and then taken out.
  • step (2) Mix the phenolic resin and acetone in step (1) with a resin solution in a ratio of 50g:500ml, and mechanically stir at 800 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and seal the beaker during the stirring process to reduce acetone volatilization.
  • step (1) pour the aggregate, carbon quantum dot particles and single-layer graphene powder in step (1) into the resin solution while stirring, and mechanically stir at 600 rpm for 2 minutes at room temperature to make it uniform in the resin solution distributed.
  • step (3) The mixture in step (3) is uniformly filtered into water through a 40-mesh screen, placed in a wind box after standing at room temperature for 5 minutes, dried at 80°C for 5 hours, and then taken out.
  • step (1) The phenolic resin and ethanol in step (1) are mixed with a resin solution in a mass ratio of 1:7, and mechanically stirred at 800 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and the beaker is sealed during the stirring process to reduce ethanol volatilization.
  • step (1) pour the aggregate, carbon quantum dot particles and single-layer graphene powder in step (1) into the resin solution while stirring, and mechanically stir at 600 rpm for 2 minutes at room temperature to make it uniform in the resin solution distributed.
  • step (3) The mixture in step (3) is uniformly filtered into water through a 20/40 mesh screen, placed in a wind box after standing at room temperature for 5 minutes, and dried at 80° C. for 5 hours before being taken out.
  • step (1) The phenolic resin and ethanol in step (1) are mixed with a resin solution in a mass ratio of 1:9, and mechanically stirred at 800 rpm at room temperature for 10 minutes, and the beaker is sealed during the stirring process to reduce ethanol volatilization.
  • step (1) pour the aggregate, carbon quantum dot particles and single-layer graphene powder in step (1) into the resin solution while stirring, and mechanically stir at 600 rpm for 2 minutes at room temperature to make it uniform in the resin solution distributed.
  • step (3) The mixture in step (3) is uniformly filtered into water through a 20/40 mesh screen, placed in a wind box after standing at room temperature for 5 minutes, and dried at 80° C. for 5 hours before being taken out.
  • step (1) The phenolic resin and ethanol in step (1) are mixed with a resin solution in a mass ratio of 1:8, and mechanically stirred at 800 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and the beaker is sealed during the stirring process to reduce ethanol volatilization.
  • step (1) pour the aggregate, carbon quantum dot particles and single-layer graphene powder in step (1) into the resin solution while stirring, and mechanically stir at 600 rpm for 2 minutes at room temperature to make it uniform in the resin solution distributed.
  • step (3) The mixture in step (3) is uniformly filtered into water through a 20/40 mesh screen, placed in a wind box after standing at room temperature for 5 minutes, and dried at 80° C. for 5 hours before being taken out.
  • step (1) Heat the aggregate in step (1) to about 150°C, and pour it into a casserole mixing pot for sand mixing.
  • step (3) Add the mixture in step (3) when the temperature of the mixing casserole drops to 80-150°C.
  • step (1) Heat the aggregate in step (1) to about 250°C, and pour it into a casserole mixing pot for sand mixing.
  • step (3) Add the epoxy resin in step (1) to the casserole mixing pot, and when the temperature drops below 210°C, add a curing agent for coating.
  • the suspension time in Table 1 is the longest time that the proppant can freely suspend in the guar gum solution.
  • the proppant added with the nano-particle reinforcement material has a sphericity close to 1, and the bulk density and apparent density are lower than the general resin-coated proppant. From the results of the crushing experiment, it can be seen that the addition of nano-reinforced materials improves the strength of the proppant, and has a lower crushing rate compared with conventional coatings.
  • the proppant in the comparative example and the example has a significant improvement in performance.
  • the example is significantly better than the comparative example (as shown in Figures 1 and 2), indicating that the proppant of the invention
  • the suspension capacity is stronger, and it has stronger applicability than conventional proppants and coated proppants under the same conditions.
  • the targeted magnetic effect of the coated proppant prepared in Example 5 is shown in FIG. 4.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用。所述支撑剂包含：A.以基于所述支撑剂总重量70-99.99％的量存在的粒子，和B.包覆在粒子表面并以基于所述支撑剂总重量0.01-30％的量存在的纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层，所述纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料包含纳米颗粒(优选纳米颗粒的重量为纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层总重量的1-50％(优选为10-20％))和多孔复合材料。与传统工艺所生产的功能性覆膜支撑剂相比，本方法使用的树脂等材料来源于工业化生产，创造性的添加纳米颗粒来改善支撑剂的性能，且具有更简化的操作工艺以及更节约的生产成本。

Description

具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用 技术领域
本发明属于石油化工技术领域，具体涉及一种具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用。
背景技术
随着石油与天然气等能源的大量开采，人们逐渐将目光转向页岩气等非常规能源的开发利用。虽然中国非常规能源的储量巨大，但由于开采工艺的限制，并未得到充分的利用。
大多数非常规储层具有低孔隙度低渗透率的特点，所以需要通过水力压裂来进行储层改造，水力压裂需要使用压裂液携带大量的支撑剂通过高压高速泵入地下来填充裂缝各处，通过支撑裂缝以防止裂缝闭合，使得原油通过支撑剂空隙流入井底，开拓油气运输通道，从而提高油气产量并延长油井寿命，达到提高采收率的目的。
覆膜是指在传统的支撑剂外部人工包覆一种高分子材料。覆膜支撑剂相比于传统支撑剂具有高强度低密度，耐腐蚀和高导流能力等特点，但覆膜在支撑剂上的树脂膜一般很薄，覆膜不完整时骨料与树脂膜之间的界面容易遭到破坏，此外由于其沉降较快，成本偏高，仍不能很好地满足现场需求。
因此在本行业中仍需要开发用于非常规储层压裂的支撑剂，该支撑剂相对廉价，且具有悬浮能力强，高强度，低密度，多功能，适应非常规储层压裂等特点。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂；
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述的支撑剂的制备方法；
本发明的再一目的在于提供所述的支撑剂的应用。
为达上述目的，一方面，本发明提供了一种具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂，其中，所述支撑剂包含：
A.以基于所述支撑剂总重量70-99.99％的量存在的粒子，和
B.包覆在粒子表面并以基于所述支撑剂总重量0.01-30％的量存在的纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层，所述纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料包含纳米颗粒和多孔复合材料。
由于混合在骨料和树脂膜间隙的纳米颗粒，该支撑剂的机械强度大大增加，可保护其免受地层施加的闭合应力影响。
此外，该支撑剂由于所加纳米颗粒的作用，骨料与树脂膜之间的粘附力更强、亲和力更好，覆膜后的支撑剂圆球度更接近于1。
该支撑剂外部具有高分子膜结构，可以实现表面自由基亲水疏油的转变。在注入地层时悬浮能力强，沉降后强度足以支撑新生裂缝，有利于油气的排出，返排时返排率低。
该支撑剂在覆膜时使用的特殊纳米颗粒能使其对外界特定的温度进行响应，具有优异的靶向能力，可以通过调节支撑剂颗粒外表聚合物的附着量来改变其悬浮能力。
该支撑剂由于多功能覆膜结构，可以对外界的光刺激进行响应，并根据刺激的强弱和类型实现预计的黏附性、润湿性以及热固性等方面的转变。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述纳米颗粒的重量为纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层总重量的1-50％。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述纳米颗粒的重量为纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层总重量的10-20％。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述粒子的材料选自岩石、铝矾土、高岭土、云母、陶粒砂、石英砂、矿物、坚果壳、种子壳、胡桃壳、果核、煤矸石、硅藻土、玻璃球、碎木炭、粉煤灰、赤泥、熔炉渣、锯屑、木屑、树脂粒子、酸核枣粉中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述粒子的粒径范围为10目-100目。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述纳米颗粒选自纳米颗粒等离子体超材料、纳米硅粉、氨基/羧基银纳米粒子、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化钬、磁性石墨烯、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、纳米钛酸钡、纳米钛酸锶、羟基/羧基/氨基荧光量子点、二维过渡金属碳化物、二维过渡金属氮化物、二维过渡金属碳氮化物、羧基/氨基聚苯乙烯微球、石墨烯、碳纳米纤维、纳米金刚石、和纳米钻石粉末中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述纳米颗粒等离子体超材料为纳米金、纳米银和纳米碳中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，以纳米颗粒总重量为100％计，含碳元素的纳米颗粒在纳米颗粒中的重量百分比大于等于5％。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，以纳米颗粒总重量为100％计，二维过渡金 属氮化物或磁性石墨烯添加量在总纳米颗粒中的重量百分比大于等于5％。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，以纳米颗粒总重量为100％计，二维过渡金属氮化物或磁性石墨烯添加量在总纳米颗粒中的重量百分比小于等于30％。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述多孔复合材料选自常温下溶于有机溶剂且不溶于水的高分子材料中的一种或多种的组合；且所述多孔复合材料中至少含有一种所述高分子材料。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述有机溶剂为丙酮或醇类有机溶剂。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述醇类有机溶剂为碳原子数为1-5的直链或支链烷基醇。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述醇类有机溶剂为乙醇。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述高分子材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和醇溶性树脂。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述醇溶性树脂选自密胺树脂，聚氨酯，聚丁二烯酚醛树脂或环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层还包含选自如下辅助材料中的一种或多种的组合：占涂层总质量比1～5％的固化剂、2～10％的表面改性剂和1～5％的胺类添加剂。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述增稠剂选自海藻酸纳、瓜儿豆胶和羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述表面改性剂选自硬脂酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和硅烷偶联剂中的一种或多种的组合。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述胺类添加剂选自乙二胺和/或三乙醇胺。
本发明的表面改性剂可以增强骨料与覆膜之间的连接，使覆膜与骨料结合更加紧密完整。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述纳米颗粒的分散相为一维或多维，所述纳米颗粒的粒径为0.1-500nm。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述支撑剂体积密度小于1.7g/cm 3。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述支撑剂具有在69Mpa的抗破碎能力测试中低于10％的破碎率。
本发明的纳米颗粒增强复合材料具有对温度的响应能力。
其中所述的响应能力，其包括但不局限于能响应地层环境变化或主动施加的外界刺激从而改变其自身润湿性、黏附性、热固性等性能。
另一方面，本发明还提供了所述的支撑剂的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂按质量比1：(7-9)的比例配比，在常温下搅拌均匀，然后以多孔复合材料所加质量的2-6％加入纳米颗粒并搅拌均匀得到混合溶液；
(2)将所述粒子在搅拌下加入步骤(1)得到的混合溶液中，在常温条件下搅拌均匀；
(3)将步骤(2)的溶液中的固体物质从溶液中分离出来并通过20-40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，然后再将固液分离得到含水覆膜砂；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的含水覆膜砂干燥后过筛，既得所述具有靶向功能的水力压裂覆膜支撑剂。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述醇类有机溶剂为碳原子数为1-5的直链或支链烷基醇。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述醇类有机溶剂为乙醇。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(1)是将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂按质量比1：(7-9)的比例配比，在常温下搅拌均匀，然后以多孔复合材料所加质量的4％加入纳米颗粒并搅拌均匀得到混合溶液。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(1)包括将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂按质量比1：(7-9)的比例配比，在常温下以转速600～1000rpm搅拌10～15min。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(1)包括将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂按50g:500ml的比例配比，在常温下搅拌均匀，然后以多孔复合材料所加质量的4％加入纳米颗粒并以600-1000rpm搅拌2～5min。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(2)包括将所述粒子在搅拌下加入步骤(1)得到的混合溶液中，在常温条件下以600～800rpm机械搅拌2～5min。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(3)所述的水的质量用量为多孔复合材料质量的10-20倍。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(4)包括将步骤(3)得到的含水覆膜 砂先在常温条件下静置5～10min，然后在60-80℃下烘干4-6h，过筛既得所述具有靶向功能的水力压裂覆膜支撑剂。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(4)包括将步骤(3)得到的含水覆膜砂先在常温条件下静置5～10min，然后在60-80℃下烘干5h，过筛既得所述具有靶向功能的水力压裂覆膜支撑剂。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(4)所述过筛为过20-40目筛。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，步骤(1)包括将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂混合，并加入本发明前面所述的辅助材料中的一种或多种的混合，然后在常温下搅拌均匀。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案，其中，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)将酚醛树脂与乙醇按50g:500ml的比例配比树脂溶液，加入增稠剂在常温下以800rpm机械搅拌10min后，以酚醛树脂所加量的4％分别加入碳量子点颗粒和石墨烯并以600rpm继续搅拌2min。搅拌过程中密封烧杯以减少乙醇挥发；
(2)将陶粒砂边搅拌边倒入树脂溶液中，在常温条件下以600rpm机械搅拌2min，从而使其在树脂溶液中均一分布；
(3)将覆膜砂通过40目筛网均匀过滤到水中；
(4)将覆膜砂在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出过筛后(40目)，包装既得。
该支撑剂由于制备过程中的覆膜工艺，可以使骨料和外层树脂膜紧密结合，致使树脂膜内部和外表面留有大量气泡，从而增大覆膜支撑剂表面积，提高其自悬浮性能。
再一方面，本发明还提供了所述的支撑剂在非常规储层水力压裂与常规压裂岩石裂缝支撑与导流中的应用。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用。本发明的支撑剂具有如下优点：
(1)该支撑剂由于制备工程中的萃取工艺，可以在骨料与树脂膜的间隙中存有大量的气泡，形成多孔结构并增大其表面积，从而提高其自悬浮性能。另外，由于包覆在表面的纳米颗粒增强复合材料涂层，该支撑剂的机械强度大大增加，可保护其免受地层施加的闭合应力影响。
(2)该支撑剂由于所加纳米颗粒的作用，骨料与树脂膜之间的粘附力更强、亲和力更好，覆膜后的支撑剂圆球度更接近于1。
(3)该支撑剂外部具有高分子膜结构，可以实现表面自由基亲水疏油的转变。在注入地层时悬浮能力强，沉降后强度足以支撑新生裂缝，有利于油气的排出，返排时返排率低。
(4)该支撑剂在覆膜时使用的特殊纳米颗粒能使其对外界特定的温度进行响应，具有优异的靶向能力，可以通过调节支撑剂颗粒外表聚合物的附着量来改变其悬浮能力。
(5)该支撑剂由于多功能覆膜结构，可以对外界的光刺激进行响应，并根据刺激的强弱和类型实现预计的黏附性、润湿性以及热固性等方面的转变。
(6)与传统工艺所生产的功能性覆膜支撑剂相比，本方法使用的树脂等材料来源于工业化生产，创造性的添加纳米颗粒来改善支撑剂的性能，且具有更简化的操作工艺以及更节约的生产成本。
附图说明
图1是对比例1中覆膜支撑剂在去离子水中100分钟的沉降情况(左图为俯视图，右图为侧视图)。
图2是实施例1中覆膜支撑剂在去离子水中100分钟的沉降情况(左图为俯视图，右图为侧视图)。
图3是实施例1制得覆膜支撑剂的示意图；其中1为树脂膜；2为树脂膜与骨架间隙；3为骨架；4为气泡；5为纳米颗粒。
图4是实施例5制得覆膜支撑剂靶向磁性示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围包括但是不限于此。
实施例原料：
本实施例所用原料均为市售获得：
酚醛树脂CAS号：9003-35-4，分子式：C 7H 6O 2，分子量：122.12134。
单层石墨烯粉末：CAS号：7440-44-0，直径：0.5～5μm，厚度：～0.8nm，单层率：～80％，纯度：99％，比表面积(m 2/g)：500～1000，电阻系数(Ω.cm):≦0.30。
碳量子点颗粒：采用溶剂热法合成的具有长发射波长的双发射共掺杂碳点(N,S- cds)。首先将L-胱氨酸(0.125g)和O-苯二胺(0.5g)溶于20ml的乙醇中，转移到50ml的不锈钢高压釜中。随后将高压釜置于220℃的烤箱中烘烤12小时，然后自然冷却至室温。之后，将2毫升N，S-CDs加入4毫升氢氧化钠溶液(1.25mol/L)，将混合物在10000转离心10分钟，用乙醇溶解沉淀，然后用一个圆柱形滤膜过滤器(0.22μm)过滤溶液两次。然后将溶液在旋转装置中旋转干燥得到碳点。制备的双发射峰(595和648nm)的N、S-CDs在单激发条件下无需进一步修饰，可作为强酸传感和Ag+检测的荧光探针。N,S-CDs具有良好的pH可逆性能，可用于极端酸的检测。此外，制备的N、S-CDs为准球形，平均尺寸为2.97nm，尺寸分布窄，溶液分散性高，在595nm处表现出较强的激发独立发射，量子产率为35.7％。
骨料：重庆地质矿产研究院提供。
实施例1
(1)准备如下材料：骨料300份、酚醛树脂5份、乙醇40份、碳量子点颗粒0.2份、单层石墨烯粉末0.2份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的酚醛树脂与乙醇按50g:500ml的比例配比树脂溶液，在常温下以800rpm机械搅拌10min，搅拌过程中密封烧杯以减少乙醇挥发。
(3)将步骤(1)中的骨料、碳量子点颗粒和单层石墨烯粉末边搅拌边倒入树脂溶液中，在常温条件下以600rpm机械搅拌2min，从而使其在树脂溶液中均一分布。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合物通过40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出。
(5)干燥后由于覆膜砂部分团聚，在冷却后需将块状覆膜砂放入研磨机中磨碎，在2000rpm条件下研磨1min后，包装既得(结构如图3所示)。
实施例2
(1)准备如下材料：骨料300份、酚醛树脂5份、丙酮40份、碳量子点颗粒0.2份、单层石墨烯粉末0.2份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的酚醛树脂与丙酮按50g:500ml的比例配比树脂溶液，在常温下以800rpm机械搅拌10min，搅拌过程中密封烧杯以减少丙酮挥发。
(3)将步骤(1)中的骨料、碳量子点颗粒和单层石墨烯粉末边搅拌边倒入树脂溶液中，在常温条件下以600rpm机械搅拌2min，从而使其在树脂溶液中均一分布。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合物通过40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出。
(5)干燥后由于覆膜砂部分团聚，在冷却后需将块状覆膜砂放入研磨机中磨碎，在2000rpm条件下研磨1min后，包装既得。
实施例3
(1)准备如下材料：骨料300份、酚醛树脂5份、乙醇35份、碳量子点颗粒0.1份、单层石墨烯粉末0.1份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的酚醛树脂与乙醇按质量比1：7的比例配比树脂溶液，在常温下以800rpm机械搅拌10min，搅拌过程中密封烧杯以减少乙醇挥发。
(3)将步骤(1)中的骨料、碳量子点颗粒和单层石墨烯粉末边搅拌边倒入树脂溶液中，在常温条件下以600rpm机械搅拌2min，从而使其在树脂溶液中均一分布。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合物通过20/40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出。
(5)干燥后由于覆膜砂部分团聚，在冷却后需将块状覆膜砂放入研磨机中磨碎，在2000rpm条件下研磨1min后，包装既得。
实施例4
(1)准备如下材料：骨料300份、酚醛树脂5份、乙醇45份、碳量子点颗粒0.3份、单层石墨烯粉末0.3份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的酚醛树脂与乙醇按质量比1：9的比例配比树脂溶液，在常温下以800rpm机械搅拌10min，搅拌过程中密封烧杯以减少乙醇挥发。
(3)将步骤(1)中的骨料、碳量子点颗粒和单层石墨烯粉末边搅拌边倒入树脂溶液中，在常温条件下以600rpm机械搅拌2min，从而使其在树脂溶液中均一分布。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合物通过20/40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出。
(5)干燥后由于覆膜砂部分团聚，在冷却后需将块状覆膜砂放入研磨机中磨碎，在2000rpm条件下研磨1min后，包装既得。
实施例5
(1)准备如下材料：骨料300份、酚醛树脂5份、乙醇40份、碳量子点颗粒0.2份、单层石墨烯粉末0.2份、四氧化三铁粉末0.2份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的酚醛树脂与乙醇按质量比1：8的比例配比树脂溶液，在常温下以800rpm机械搅拌10min，搅拌过程中密封烧杯以减少乙醇挥发。
(3)将步骤(1)中的骨料、碳量子点颗粒和单层石墨烯粉末边搅拌边倒入树脂溶 液中，在常温条件下以600rpm机械搅拌2min，从而使其在树脂溶液中均一分布。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合物通过20/40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出。
(5)干燥后由于覆膜砂部分团聚，在冷却后需将块状覆膜砂放入研磨机中磨碎，在2000rpm条件下研磨1min后，包装既得。
对比例1
(1)准备如下材料：骨料300份、酚醛树脂5份、碳量子点颗粒0.2份、单层石墨烯粉末0.2份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的骨料加热至150℃左右，倒入混砂锅进行混砂。
(3)将酚醛树脂、碳量子点荧光颗粒和单层石墨烯粉末加热至110℃左右，600rpm下机械搅拌2min混合均匀备用。
(4)待混砂锅温度降至80～150℃时加入步骤(3)中的混合物。
(5)待混砂锅温度降至40℃时出砂，通过40目筛网均匀过滤到水中，在常温条件下静置5min后放入风箱中，在80℃下烘干5h后取出。
(6)干燥后由于覆膜砂部分团聚，在冷却后需将块状覆膜砂放入研磨机中磨碎，在2000rpm条件下研磨1min后，包装既得。
对比例2
(1)准备如下材料：骨料100份、环氧树脂5份、固化剂过氧化二苯甲酰1份、磁性石墨烯0.2份、聚苯乙烯微球0.3份、催化剂二烷基锡烯0.003份、和表面改性剂硅烷偶联剂2.5份。
(2)将步骤(1)中的骨料加热至250℃左右，倒入混砂锅进行混砂。
(3)将步骤(1)中的环氧树脂加入到混砂锅中，待温度下降到低于210℃时加入固化剂进行覆膜。
(4)待温度下降到150℃，将加水的表面改性剂喷入混砂锅。
(5)待混砂锅温度降至120℃时，将磁性石墨烯的超纯水溶液、聚苯乙烯微球的超纯水溶液用热风吹入方式加入混砂锅，且此时混砂锅转速不低于150转/min。
(6)40～70℃时出砂、晾干。
试验例1
按标准SY/T5108-2006压裂支撑剂性能测试推荐方法分别对未覆膜陶粒砂以及上述实施例和对比例制得覆膜陶粒砂的圆度、球度、体积密度、视密度、浊度、破碎率进行 测试，测得支撑剂的性能指标如下表1所示：
表1：
Figure PCTCN2019115310-appb-000001
表1中悬浮时间为支撑剂在瓜胶溶液中能自由悬浮的最长时间。
从表1可以看出，在覆膜时加入纳米颗粒增强材料的支撑剂具有接近于1的圆球度，且体积密度和视密度均低于一般树脂覆膜的支撑剂。通过破碎实验结果可以看到，纳米增强材料的加入提高了支撑剂的强度，与常规覆膜相比具有更低的破碎率。
对比例和实施例中的支撑剂相比于未覆膜石英砂性能提升明显，在沉降时间指标上，实施例明显优于对比例(如图1和图2所示)，说明该发明支撑剂的悬浮能力更强，相同条件下比常规支撑剂与覆膜支撑剂有更强的适用性。实施例5制得覆膜支撑剂靶向磁性效果如图4所示。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂，其中，所述支撑剂包含：
    A.以基于所述支撑剂总重量70-99.99％的量存在的粒子，和
    B.包覆在粒子表面并以基于所述支撑剂总重量0.01-30％的量存在的纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层，所述纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料包含纳米颗粒(优选纳米颗粒的重量为纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层总重量的1-50％(优选为10-20％))和多孔复合材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的支撑剂，其中，所述粒子的材料选自岩石、铝矾土、高岭土、云母、陶粒砂、石英砂、矿物、坚果壳、种子壳、胡桃壳、果核、煤矸石、硅藻土、玻璃球、碎木炭、粉煤灰、赤泥、熔炉渣、锯屑、木屑、树脂粒子、酸核枣粉中的一种或多种的组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的支撑剂，其中，所述纳米颗粒选自纳米颗粒等离子体超材料(优选为纳米金、纳米银和纳米碳中的一种或多种的组合)、纳米硅粉、氨基/羧基银纳米粒子、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化钬、磁性石墨烯、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、纳米钛酸钡、纳米钛酸锶、羟基/羧基/氨基荧光量子点、二维过渡金属碳化物、二维过渡金属氮化物、二维过渡金属碳氮化物、羧基/氨基聚苯乙烯微球、石墨烯、碳纳米纤维、纳米金刚石、和纳米钻石粉末中的一种或多种的组合(优选以纳米颗粒总重量为100％计，含碳元素的纳米颗粒在纳米颗粒中的重量百分比大于等于5％)(优选以纳米颗粒总重量为100％计，二维过渡金属氮化物或磁性石墨烯添加量在总纳米颗粒中的重量百分比大于等于5％(优选小于等于30％))。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的支撑剂，其中，所述多孔复合材料选自常温下溶于有机溶剂(优选为丙酮或乙醇)且不溶于水的高分子材料(优选为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和醇溶性树脂(优选所述醇溶性树脂选自密胺树脂，聚氨酯，聚丁二烯酚醛树脂或环氧树脂中的一种或多种的组合))中的一种或多种的组合)，且所述多孔复合材料中至少含有一种所述高分子材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任意一项所述的支撑剂，其中，所述纳米颗粒增强多孔复合材料涂层还包含选自如下辅助材料中的一种或多种的组合：占涂层总质量比1～5％的增稠剂(优选所述增稠剂选自海藻酸纳、瓜儿豆胶和羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种的组合)、2～10％的表面改性剂(优选所述表面改性剂选自硬脂酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和硅烷偶 联剂中的一种或多种的组合)和与1～5％的胺类添加剂(优选所述胺类添加剂选自乙二胺和/或三乙醇胺)。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5任意一项所述的支撑剂，其中，所述纳米颗粒的分散相为一维或多维，所述纳米颗粒的粒径为0.1-500nm。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任意一项所述的支撑剂，其中，所述支撑剂体积密度小于1.7g/cm 3(优选所述支撑剂具有在69Mpa的抗破碎能力测试中低于10％的破碎率)。
  8. 权利要求1～7任意一项所述的支撑剂的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂(优选为碳原子数为1-5的直链或支链烷基醇；更优选为乙醇)按质量比1：(7-9)的比例配比，在常温下搅拌均匀(优选以转速600～1000rpm搅拌10～15min)，然后以多孔复合材料所加质量的2-6％加入纳米颗粒并搅拌均匀(优选以600-1000rpm搅拌2～5min)得到混合溶液；
    (2)将所述粒子在搅拌下加入步骤(1)得到的混合溶液中，在常温条件下搅拌均匀(优选以600～800rpm机械搅拌2～5min)；
    (3)将步骤(2)的溶液中的固体物质从溶液中分离出来并通过20-40目筛网均匀过滤到水中(优选水的质量用量为多孔复合材料质量的10-20倍)，然后再将固液分离得到含水覆膜砂；
    (4)将步骤(3)得到的含水覆膜砂干燥后过筛，既得所述具有靶向功能的水力压裂覆膜支撑剂(优选将步骤(3)得到的含水覆膜砂先在常温条件下静置5～10min，然后在60-80℃下烘干4-6h，过筛(优选过20-40目筛)既得所述具有靶向功能的水力压裂覆膜支撑剂)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)包括将所述多孔复合材料与丙酮或醇类有机溶剂混合，并加入权利要求5所述的辅助材料中的一种或多种的混合，然后在常温下搅拌均匀。
  10. 权利要求1～7任意一项所述的支撑剂在非常规储层水力压裂与常规压裂岩石裂缝支撑与导流中的应用。
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