WO2021084570A1 - 原子力電池システム及び原子力変換方法 - Google Patents

原子力電池システム及び原子力変換方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021084570A1
WO2021084570A1 PCT/JP2019/042114 JP2019042114W WO2021084570A1 WO 2021084570 A1 WO2021084570 A1 WO 2021084570A1 JP 2019042114 W JP2019042114 W JP 2019042114W WO 2021084570 A1 WO2021084570 A1 WO 2021084570A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation source
radiation
amount
electron
output body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/042114
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
スターリ デニン
Original Assignee
齋藤 紘治
ピーティービンタンセメスタインドネシア
飯田 克也
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 齋藤 紘治, ピーティービンタンセメスタインドネシア, 飯田 克也 filed Critical 齋藤 紘治
Priority to JP2021553894A priority Critical patent/JPWO2021084570A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2019/042114 priority patent/WO2021084570A1/ja
Publication of WO2021084570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021084570A1/ja

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
    • G21H1/02—Cells charged directly by beta radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
    • G21H1/04—Cells using secondary emission induced by alpha radiation, beta radiation, or gamma radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
    • G21H1/06—Cells wherein radiation is applied to the junction of different semiconductor materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
    • G21H1/10—Cells in which radiation heats a thermoelectric junction or a thermionic converter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nuclear battery system and a nuclear conversion method for converting the decay energy of a radionuclide into electrical energy with a thermoelectric conversion element.
  • a conventional atomic battery is a primary battery that converts the decay energy of radionuclides into electrical energy with a thermoelectric conversion element.
  • 238Pu and 210Po are used as radionuclides, and alpha rays generated when these nuclides cause alpha decay are absorbed by a substance to generate electricity.
  • Atomic batteries can supply power virtually semi-permanently because they continue to emit heat and radiation based on their lifespan according to the half-life of the radiation source. Therefore, for example, it is mounted on an artificial satellite or a search machine, and becomes an energy supply source in deep space where solar radiation cannot be used and solar cells cannot be used.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a nuclear battery system and a nuclear conversion method capable of semi-permanently supplying electric power while improving safety by using a radionuclide having a low radiation amount.
  • the purpose is.
  • the nuclear battery system of the present invention includes a radiation source that irradiates radiation or heat by radioactive decay, and an electron output body that outputs electrons in response to the radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source. It includes a current output unit that sends out electrons output from an electronic output body as a current, and a transformer that converts the voltage of the current output from the current output unit into an arbitrary voltage.
  • the nuclear conversion method of the present invention includes an electron output step in which an electron output body outputs electrons in response to radiation or heat emitted from a radiation source that irradiates radiation or heat due to radioactive decay, and an electron output body that outputs electrons. It includes an output transformer step in which the generated electrons are sent out as an electric current and the transformer converts the voltage of the electric current into an arbitrary voltage.
  • control means that is interposed between the radiation source and the electron output body and regulates the amount of reaction in the electron output body according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source.
  • the control means has a control material for changing the distance between the radiation source and the electron output body according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source, and controlling the reactivity of the radiation source. It is preferable to regulate the amount of reaction by changing the amount of contact between the control material and the radiation source according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the source.
  • a substance containing thorium as the radiation source.
  • the required power can be obtained even with a radiation source having a weak output, it is possible to output power using a radionuclide having a low radiation amount.
  • the present invention since radiation at a level that affects the human body is not generated, there is no need for strict radiation shielding, the device is made smaller and lighter, safety is improved, and power is supplied semipermanently. it can.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the overall configuration of the nuclear battery system according to the present embodiment.
  • the battery BT1 for power supply and the battery BT2 for charging are connected to the low voltage coil side terminal 11a of the transformer 11.
  • the charging battery BT2 is connected to the low voltage coil side terminal 11a via a rectifier diode 12a.
  • the high-voltage coil side terminal 11b of the transformer 11 is connected to the NPN 14 through a variable resistor 15 and a rectifier diode 12b.
  • the component 13 is connected between the battery BT1 for power supply and the battery BT2 for charging.
  • the battery BT1 for power supply and the electronic power battery 20 as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 are used as the battery BT2 for charging.
  • the electronic power battery 20 has a configuration in which a radiation source 5 or the like is housed in a main body container 2b made of a material containing a substance that shields radiation such as lead, and is filled with an insulator 20 and sealed by a lid 2a. ing. Inside the main body container 2b, a radiation source 5 that irradiates radiation or heat due to radioactive decay, an electron output body 2 that outputs electrons in response to the radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5, and an electron output body 2 A current output unit 3 that sends out the electrons output from the source as a current is housed.
  • the radioactive source 5 is a substance containing a radioactive isotope (radioactive isotope, radioisotope), and in this embodiment, a substance containing thorium is used.
  • the radiation source 5 is held in a dish-shaped container 51 that shields radiation.
  • plutonium-238, curium-244, and strontium-90 are most often used, but polonium-210, promethium-147, cesium-137, cerium-144, ruthenium-106, cobalt-60, and curium-242. , Isotopes of curium.
  • the electron output body 2 is a portion containing a substance that outputs electrons in response to radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5, and each electron output body 2 in the present embodiment includes a collector electrode 23, polystyrene, or the like.
  • the atomic transmissive portion 22 and the secondary electron radiator 21 are laminated, and a plurality of electron output bodies 2 are arranged in series in a cascade.
  • electrons ionized by ⁇ rays are applied to an atomic transmission portion 22 such as polystyrene to amplify the current, and the electrons are emitted from the secondary electron radiator 21 to the next electron output body 2.
  • the configuration is adopted.
  • a material that converts charged particles such as ⁇ and ⁇ rays into electrons a semiconductor, and the like can be used.
  • this semiconductor for example, electrons generated by irradiating a pn junction of silicon or germanium with radiation are raised in the conduction band, holes are left in the filling band (valence band) and moved to the p side to be positive. Examples include those that utilize the collection of electrons on the holes and n-sides.
  • a thermocouple that converts heat from a radioactive substance into electricity can be used, and the materials thereof are silicon-germanium alloy, lead telluride, and antimony-germanium-silver alloy. TAGS) etc.
  • the current output unit 3 is a member that sends out the output electrons as an electric current, and the electric wire 2c for outputting the flow of electrons is connected via the conductive unit 3a.
  • the electric wire 2c is an electric wire that serves as a positive pole of the electronic power battery 20, and is led out to the outside of the electronic power battery 20 through the lid 2a.
  • the electric wire 2d is an electrode for generating a ground voltage, is connected to the insulator 20, and is led out to the outside of the main body container 2b.
  • a control means 4 is interposed between the radiation source 5 and the electron output body 2.
  • the control means 4 is a member that regulates the amount of reaction in the electron output body 2 according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5.
  • the control means 4 regulates the amount of reaction by changing the distance between the radiation source and the electron output body according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5.
  • the container 51 is formed of an annular member having a shape that matches the peripheral edge of the container 51, and the container 51 moves back and forth with respect to the collecting electrode 23 of the electron output body 2 in response to a volume change due to thermal expansion of the annular member. It has become like.
  • the control means 4 expands to increase the thickness due to the amount of heat, and the distance between the radiation source 5 and the collecting electrode 23 increases. It has become.
  • the control means 4 contracts and the distance between the radiation source 5 and the collecting electrode 23 becomes narrower.
  • the amount of electrons output from the electron output body 2 is controlled to be flattened according to the change in the reaction amount of the radiation source 5.
  • this control means can be configured to include a control material that controls the reactivity of the radiation source.
  • the amount of reaction is regulated by changing the amount of contact between the control material and the radiation source 5 according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5.
  • the method of the present invention can be carried out by operating the nuclear battery system described above.
  • the processing procedure according to the present embodiment is only an example, and each processing may be changed as much as possible. Further, with respect to the processing procedure described below, steps can be omitted, replaced and added as appropriate according to the embodiment.
  • an electron output step is executed in which the electron output body 2 outputs electrons in response to the radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5 that irradiates radiation or heat due to radioactive decay.
  • the amount of reaction in the electron output body 2 is determined according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5 by using the control means 4 interposed between the radiation source 5 and the electron output body 2. To regulate.
  • the control means 4 may regulate the amount of reaction by changing the distance between the radiation source 5 and the electron output body 2 according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5.
  • the amount of reaction is regulated by changing the amount of contact between the control material and the radiation source 5 according to the amount of radiation or heat emitted from the radiation source 5. You may. Then, the electrons output from the electronic output body are sent out as an electric current, and the transformer executes an output transformation step of converting the voltage of the electric current into an arbitrary voltage.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
PCT/JP2019/042114 2019-10-28 2019-10-28 原子力電池システム及び原子力変換方法 WO2021084570A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2021553894A JPWO2021084570A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2019-10-28 2019-10-28
PCT/JP2019/042114 WO2021084570A1 (ja) 2019-10-28 2019-10-28 原子力電池システム及び原子力変換方法

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PCT/JP2019/042114 WO2021084570A1 (ja) 2019-10-28 2019-10-28 原子力電池システム及び原子力変換方法

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62257100A (ja) * 1986-04-23 1987-11-09 ニユ−セル，インコ−ポレ−テツド 放射性エネルギ−を電気エネルギ−に変換するための装置
US20150357067A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-12-10 Aai Corporation Generating electricity on demand from a neutron-activated fuel sample
WO2018122445A1 (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 Andras Kovacs Method and apparatus for producing energy from metal alloys

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE794038A (fr) * 1972-01-20 1973-07-16 Cit Alcatel Structure de microgenerateur thermoelectrique

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62257100A (ja) * 1986-04-23 1987-11-09 ニユ−セル，インコ−ポレ−テツド 放射性エネルギ−を電気エネルギ−に変換するための装置
US20150357067A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-12-10 Aai Corporation Generating electricity on demand from a neutron-activated fuel sample
WO2018122445A1 (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 Andras Kovacs Method and apparatus for producing energy from metal alloys

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