WO2021084300A1 - Procédé de lecture pour aveugles basé sur une technologie de dactylogrpahie à doigts libres inverse - Google Patents

Procédé de lecture pour aveugles basé sur une technologie de dactylogrpahie à doigts libres inverse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021084300A1
WO2021084300A1 PCT/IB2019/059261 IB2019059261W WO2021084300A1 WO 2021084300 A1 WO2021084300 A1 WO 2021084300A1 IB 2019059261 W IB2019059261 W IB 2019059261W WO 2021084300 A1 WO2021084300 A1 WO 2021084300A1
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Prior art keywords
fingers
finger
user
stimuli
sensations
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PCT/IB2019/059261
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English (en)
Inventor
Ibrahim Farid Cherradi El Fadili
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Ibrahim Farid Cherradi El Fadili
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Priority to PCT/IB2019/059261 priority Critical patent/WO2021084300A1/fr
Publication of WO2021084300A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021084300A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
    • G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
    • G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
    • G09B21/003—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays

Definitions

  • Finger stimulation the fact to stimulate or excite a finger by producing one or more sensations that can be felt by the user on any part of the finger.
  • a finger stimulation can be achieved by producing on the fingers stimuli, signals, impulses or other sensation effects.
  • Information package a character, a symbol, a music notation, an instruction, a command or other data entity or package.
  • Data processing device a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a photo/video camera, a gaming device, musical equipment, other computer-based device or the like.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 4 Braille is a tactile reading and writing system used by blind and visually impaired people. It uses raised dots arranged in a rectangle to represent the letters of the alphabet and other common symbols.
  • Braille symbols consist of six raised dots arranged in two parallel vertical columns of three dots in a rectangle cell of a size smaller than a fingertip. With one fingertip, the trained user is able to count the number of dots, recognize their relative positions in the cell and associate their particular arrangements in the cell to an alphanumerical character or symbol. Based on one or more of these six dots, there are 63 distinct combinations of dot positions possible. 5.
  • Braille is efficient but rather difficult to learn especially for older people, it requires high finger skin sensitivity and demands intensive and long training. Since its development in France by Louis Braille in 1829, the Braille has been the unique universal way of writing and reading for people who are blind or visually impaired. 6.
  • the present invention discloses a universal reading method for the blind that is capable to replace effectively and efficiently the Braille while offering a wast variety of additional functionalities and simplifications.
  • This invention makes use of the reverse method of the Free Fingers Typing technology (FFTT) or equivalent. While FFTT is used to write or produce, instructions, commands, data sets or other information packages, this invention uses the reverse of its method to read or understand such information packages. 7. It is very easy to learn the FFTT method; it takes only a few minutes to any user to understand it and only a few hours of practice to be able to start to write with it independently.
  • FFTT Free Fingers Typing technology
  • this invention is much more adapted to the modern computer and communication technologies allowing a disruptive and spectacular development in terms of accessibility and education for the blind communities particularly for the use of the Internet and telecommunications. 10.
  • Braille systems and usage are usually cumbersome, expensive and do not provide a real autonomy, while devices implementing this invention are very handy, ergonomic, inexpensive, and provide a high degree of autonomy and inclusiveness.
  • a device of this invention can be a light hand wearable that allows the user to lay back on a chair and read a book or an Internet article without having to touch any Braille dots or move any finger.
  • the trained user can read Braille printed books and documents and reach a certain level of integration.
  • the user of this invention is passive by waiting to receive the information directly on the right fingers to be interpreted in characters, this is to some extent comparable to sighted people that are also somehow passive by receiving to their eyes the visual information of the character to be read. 13.
  • the user s necessity to move the finger from one Braille cell to the next to fetch with the fingertip the Braille information, like for example the invention created by Raoul Parienti as described in the US patent document US6159013.
  • Parienti’s innovation is still based on Braille while the present invention is not a Braille method.
  • Parienti discloses a refreshable portable Braille cell in contact with the fingertip where instead of having the finger moving from one cell to the next it is the portable cell dots that change to represent different Braille symbols.
  • Parenti’s invention while it removes the requirement of having the finger moving from one cell to another it does not remove the inherent difficulties of the Braille like: (1) the high skin sensitivity needed to feel, count and recognize the Braille raised dots arrangements in a cell smaller than a fingertip, and (2) the cognitive efforts needed to memorize and differentiate between the spatial position arrangements of the dots within the Braille cell for each of the alphanumerical characters and symbols needed to read a Braille text.
  • the invention consists of a reading method for the blind that can be implemented for example by a device that converts characters, symbols, music notes, instructions, commands or other information packages or entities into stimulation signals or stimuli that are felt by the fingers of the user. Consequently, the user, by the means of the FFTT reverse method or equivalent, is capable of interpreting the excitation signals felt by the fingers as characters, symbols, instructions, commands or other information packages and is, therefore, able to read a text or understand various information packages.
  • Fig.1 shows a view of a finger-rings device implementing the invention and consisting of rings placed on the fingers and a controller on the wrist or on the back of the hand of the user.
  • Fig.2 shows a view of a portable example of the finger-rings device implementing the invention, with the rings on the fingers and the controller on the wrist or on the back of the hand of the user.
  • the rings communicate with the controller or with a data processing device directly or indirectly with wired or wireless connections.
  • Fig.3 shows a view of an example of a temporarily or permanently localized finger-rings device implementing the invention, with the fingers inserted in the rings and the controller nearby.
  • the rings communicate with the controller or with a data processing device directly or indirectly with wired or wireless connections. 18.
  • Fig.4 shows a view of an example of a hand glove device implementing the invention.
  • the instrumented fingers of the glove communicate with the controller or with a data processing device directly or indirectly with wired or wireless connections.
  • Fig.5 shows a view of an example of a temporarily or permanently localized finger-buttons device implementing the invention, with the fingers placed on the buttons and the controller nearby.
  • the buttons communicate with the controller or with a data processing device directly or indirectly with wired or wireless connections.
  • Fig.6 shows a view of an example of a temporarily or permanently localized finger-pockets device implementing the invention, with the fingers placed inside the device pockets and the device controller nearby.
  • the device pockets communicate with the controller or with a data processing device directly or indirectly with wired or wireless connections.
  • Fig.7 shows a view of an example of a finger-pockets device implementing the invention, with the device placed in a clothes pocket and the device controller nearby.
  • the user’s hand is in the clothes pocket and the fingers placed inside the device pockets.
  • the device pockets communicate with the controller or with a data processing device directly or indirectly with wired or wireless connections.
  • Fig.8 shows finger numbering from 1 to 5 for the fingers of the left and right hand.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 23 It is important to note that in this description, specific details and examples are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the method of the present invention. These details are provided for purposes of explanation, the scope of this invention should not be considered as limited to these detailed examples.
  • the invention consists of a reading method that can be implemented by a device comprising mechanisms, which produce stimulation effects like signals or impulses (as described in paragraph [01]) that can be felt by the fingers of the user and which converts information packages (as described in paragraph [02]) in those stimulation effects.
  • FFTT associates a character, a symbol, an instruction a command or a package or entity of information C to a group of n fingers ⁇ ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n ⁇ .
  • the FFTT direct converts finger-taps into text, instructions, commands or other packages or entities of information.
  • FFTT allows a user to write any character and symbol or produce packages of information in any language simply with finger-taps on a surface.
  • FFTT proposes examples of tables where groups of fingers are associated with the alphabet characters, symbols, instructions, commands or packages of information.
  • FFTT proposes a function F for obtaining the character or information package C from a group of n fingers ⁇ ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n ⁇ . 26.
  • C F ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n ) 27.
  • Reversing the FFTT method consists of starting from a character or an information package C and obtaining the corresponding group of n fingers ⁇ ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n ⁇ .
  • Tables 1 to 8 show examples of how groups of n fingers ⁇ ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... ⁇ n ⁇ can be obtained from an alphanumeric character, a symbol or a command.
  • a device used to implement the present invention has mechanisms with built-in electronics and built-in software for converting characters or information packages into groups of fingers and producing sensations on them with stimuli or impulses that can be felt distinctly by the user. For reading, the user needs to identify distinctly which fingers are simultaneously or individually stimulated or excited. There is a multitude of possible ways to excite a finger.
  • the stimulation or excitation ways of a finger could be for example in a form of vibration, pulse, tap, touch, press, pull, twist, poke, squeeze, scratch, nudge, pinch, tickle, electrical choc, temperature effect (cold or warm sensation), fluid effect (gas or liquid flow) or any other sensation that can be felt distinctively on any part of the finger.
  • the same device used to implement this invention may to produce one or more types of sensation effects to stimulate or excite a single finger or a group of fingers.
  • MECHANISMS AND ELECTRONICS TO STIMULATE FINGERS 31 A multitude of mechanisms and electronic components can be used to stimulate or excite a finger in a suitable manner for this invention. A number of them are described in the following sections, but other mechanisms and electronic components to produce on fingers sensations by stimuli, signals or impulses that are also suitable for the implementation of this invention may exist and are not described here. This invention is not limited to the mechanisms and electronic components disclosed in this description and to their variations. It covers also other mechanisms and electronic components as long as each finger feels distinctly the sensations they produce.
  • Such stimuli, signals or impulses can be produced for example by vibration motors, piezoelectric actuators, gas or liquid pumps, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, electrical heaters, cold producer, mechanisms for vibrating, taping, touching, pressing, pulling, twisting, poking, squeezing, scratching, nudging, pinching, tickling, or other producers of finger felt sensations.
  • Stimuli, signals or impulses can be applied on any part of the finger either in contact with the finger or at a distance from the finger.
  • the durations of the sensation’s effects can be used by this invention to give alternative meanings to the associated information packages like for example using longer or shorter excitation sensation announces to the user the beginning or the end of a series of information packages.
  • the intensities of the sensation’s effects can be used by this invention to give alternative meanings to the associated information packages like, for example, using stronger or weaker excitation sensations allows differentiating between bold characters and non-bold characters.
  • DEVICES TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION 32 There is a multitude of embodiments possible for the device or apparatus suitable for implementing this invention. A number of them are described in the following sections, but other devices may exist that are not described here and that are suitable for implementing this invention. This invention is not limited to the devices or apparatuses disclosed in this description and to their variations. It covers also those other devices as long as they make use of this invention’s principles like the use of the FFTT reverse method or equivalent.
  • Devices suitable for implementing this invention can be classified by categories like hand wearables, pocket devices, desktop or immobile support devices, etc., and are grouped in contact devices and non-contact.
  • a multitude of information packages can possibly be associated with groups of specific fingers. A number of examples of these information packages are described here, but other examples that are suitable for the implementation of this invention may exist and are not described here. This invention is not limited to the examples of information packages disclosed in this description and to their variations.
  • a group of specific fingers can be associated with a variety of information entities like an alphabetic or numeric character in any language, a symbol, a music note, an instruction, a command, a piece or a set of data or other.
  • Fingers Descriptions For people who are blind, have low vision, or who are otherwise visually impaired, there are valuable services called Audio Descriptions that involve the accessibility to the visual images from museums, theaters, operas, concerts, television, movies, or other art forms. They are narration services that attempt to describe what the sighted person can see. Those images that a person who is blind or visually impaired formerly could only experience through the whispered asides from a sighted companion.
  • Audio Descriptions are commentaries and narrations which guide the listener through the presentation with concise, objective descriptions of particular scenes, settings, costumes, body language, sight gags, dialogues, song lyrics, subtitles, translations, etc. Audio Descriptions are very useful and helpful, however, they have an inherent drawback because they make use of the hearing sense that is at the same time the main source of the ambient sound information received by the blind person and they, therefore, interfere with the main perceptions received by the blind trough hearing.
  • This invention helps alleviate this disadvantage by introducing Fingers Descriptions that communicate partially or completely and in real-time the information held by the Audio Descriptions via fingers’ stimulations based on the method of this invention.
  • Fingers Descriptions Services consequently, operate either in tandem with the Audio Description Services or replace them when necessary to leave the hearing sense of the blind user of this invention completely free to concentrate on the main surrounding voices, dialogs, songs, sounds, noises, etc. 35. Guiding instructions and information:
  • the notion of Fingers Descriptions services can be extended for example to Public Space areas like streets, train stations, airports, parks, zoos, etc., that may represent unknown environments for the blind or visually impaired person.
  • the blind person is guided by Fingers Descriptions that can include sets of instructions, commands, data indicating the navigation way as well as obstacles, security messages, particular situations and objects of importance.
  • instructions, commands or other useful information like “walk straight”, “turn left”, “10 meters”, “stairs”, “door”, “wet floor”, “bus number, “street number”, etc. can be used and each of these information entities is assigned to groups of fingers following a set rules that the user knows. The user feeling the stimulations or excitations on specific groups of fingers is thus able to interpret and understand the corresponding navigation instructions, commands and information.
  • a visually impaired person using this invention while walking in the street or in a public space location could receive information usually accessible only to sighted persons, like the advertisement signs in the street, description of a statue or sculpture nearby, the number of the bus passing by, the current house number, the colour of the traffic light, how far is the closest street crossing or train or underground station, the name and description of an animal or a plant, etc.
  • the information could be sent continuously to the fingers somehow approaching the visual information that is continuously available to non-blind persons.
  • this invention allows the user to keep the hearing capabilities available to perceive in an undisturbed manner the other surrounding voices, sounds, and noises or be able to talk and listen to other people in an undisturbed manner, and therefore, offering more independence and inclusion to the user 36.
  • Reading information, instructions or commands the user reading a text with the method of this invention can receive additional information that usually is not easily achievable by other methods of reading available to the blind user. For example the user can receive, in form of fingers stimulations, information about the used font (type, size, bold italic, etc.).
  • the user can receive also instructions or commands, in the form of fingers excitations, in order to experience the reading with richer capabilities like how to “go to next page”, “go to the previous line”, “go to a reference”, “send the text by email”, “translate the text”, “convert the text to speech”, “open an Internet link” or other.
  • Other examples of information packages that can be associated with finger-groups and communicated to the user, via fingers’ stimuli are for example language primitives or entities like words, sentences, phonemes, morphemes, etc.
  • stimulations of finger-groups are associated with words like for example “I”, “go”, “cinema”, “yesterday”. The user receiving on the fingers the corresponding stimulations would understand “I went to the cinema yesterday”. 35.
  • Information packages can be associated with groups of fingers of two hands or alternatively to groups of fingers of one hand only. Using both hands, the information packages are associated with combinations of the ten fingers, i.e., information packages are understood by the user when receiving stimuli on groups of up to ten fingers of the two hands. Similarly, when using one hand only, the information packages are associated with combinations of the five fingers, i.e., information packages are understood by the user when receiving stimuli on groups of up to five fingers of the single hand used. To achieve with a single hand what could be done with two hands, information packages can be represented by one or several successive stimulations of finger-groups of the single hand.
  • two successive excitations of up to five fingers can be used to represent a given information package, a first excitation of a first group of up to five fingers is followed by a second excitation of the same or another group of up to five fingers.
  • the excitation of the first group from five fingers can be indicated by a short duration of the stimulation sensation, and the excitation of the second group from the same five fingers can be indicated by a longer duration of the stimulation sensation. 38.
  • One simple way to enlarge these possibilities and to deal with more complex sets of information packages is to assign certain specific key finger-groups to opening and closing registers of information packages of a certain category.
  • the user receiving excitations on a key group of n fingers ⁇ k1, k2, ... kn ⁇ understands that this means the opening of a particular register of information packages and that the subsequent stimulations of finger-groups are all belonging to the register of information packages of that particular category. This lasts until the stimulation of the same specific key group of n fingers ⁇ k1, k2, ... kn ⁇ is received again indicating the closure of that particular register.
  • the user could receive the stimulation of a key group of fingers meaning that a register of words of the category of verbs is opened, the user understands then that the subsequent finger stimulations will represent verbs, which ends when the stimulation of the same key group of fingers is received again.
  • the user wearing a finger- rings device receives the music notations to the fingers in the form of stimulations while playing comfortably an instrument. 41.
  • the user can also write and compose music using FFTT direct method based on the same finger-groups associated with music notations used for reading.
  • the hand fingers are numbered from ‘1’ to ‘5’; ‘1’ is attributed to the auricular finger, ‘2’ to the ring finger, ‘3’ to the middle finger, ‘4’ to the index and ‘5’ to the thumb. This represents an example of a simple and valid finger numbering used for coding finger-groups to associate them with information packages.
  • the letter ‘l’ is used to indicate a finger of the left hand and ‘r’ to indicate a finger of the right hand. So for the right hand, the auricular finger is coded ‘r1’, the ring finger ‘r2’, the middle finger ‘r3’, the index ‘r4’ and the thumb ‘r5’. Similarly for the left hand respectively ‘l1’, ‘l2’, ‘l3’, ‘l4’, and ‘l5’. Naturally, these coding conventions are only examples; there are basically no limits to the possibilities of coding rules that can be used by this invention. ASSOCIATING FINGER GROUPS TO CHARACTERS AND SYMBOLS 43.
  • Table 6 shows the fingers excitations combinations attributed to digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0 resulting from this approach when one hand only is used and while in ‘[NumLock]’ mode. 48.
  • Table 3 and Table 4 show the fingers' excitations combinations attributed to some symbols and commands when using the ten fingers of two hands.
  • Table 7 and Table 8 show the fingers’ excitations combinations attributed to the same symbols and commands when using the five fingers of a single hand. Following these approaches or similar ones, all characters, symbols, commands , etc., in any language can be communicated via fingers’ stimulations and read by the user.
  • a device or apparatus comprising a set of finger-rings 21 connected to a control unit 23 or to a data processing device 24, like a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a photo/video camera, a gaming device, a musical equipment, other computer-based device or the like, with a wired connection 25 or a wireless connection 26.
  • a data processing device like a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a photo/video camera, a gaming device, a musical equipment, other computer-based device or the like, with a wired connection 25 or a wireless connection 26.
  • Each finger-ring 21 is fitted with the necessary mechanisms and electronics as described in paragraph [31] and is, therefore, able to excite the corresponding finger 22 and cause one or more stimuli that are felt by the finger as described in paragraph [30].
  • Finger-rings 21 can also serve other purposes like detecting finger movements or finger-taps or touches.
  • finger-rings 21 could, for example, include accelerometers, force-sensitive resistors, piezoelectric actuators, cameras, electromagnetic waves emitters and receivers, sound waves emitters and receivers or other components capable of detecting finger-taps or touches on a surface. 50.
  • hand wearables could be hand gloves, finger gloves, fingertip-pockets, exoskeletons or other hand wearable devices or also non-contact devices used to produce stimuli that can be felt distinctly by the fingers. These devices can be either portable or placed on a support permanently or temporarily.
  • a finger-rings device can be either portable Fig.2 or placed on a surface Fig.3.
  • one way to use the finger-rings device of this invention is to have the user touch with one finger a character of a text displayed on the touch screen of a data processing device like a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a photo/video camera, a gaming device, a musical equipment, other computer-based device or the like.
  • a device or apparatus comprising a hand glove 40 with the 5 glove-fingers 41 independently connected to a control unit 43 or to data processing device 44, like a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a photo/video camera, a gaming device, a musical equipment, other computer-based device or the like, with a wired 45 or a wireless 46 connection.
  • a control unit 43 or to data processing device 44 like a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a photo/video camera, a gaming device, a musical equipment, other computer-based device or the like, with a wired 45 or a wireless 46 connection.
  • Each finger of the glove is fitted with the necessary mechanisms and electronics as described in paragraph [31] and is, therefore, able to excite the corresponding finger 42 and cause one or more stimuli that are felt by the finger as described in paragraph [30]. They can also serve other purposes like detecting finger movements or finger-taps or touches.
  • the glove-finger 41 could, for example, include accelerometers, force sensitive-resistors, piezoelectric actuators, cameras, electromagnetic waves emitters and receivers, sound waves emitters and receivers or other components capable of detecting finger-taps or touches on a surface. FINGERT-BUTTONS DEVICES 54.
  • Fig.5 As an example of finger-buttons devices, in Fig.5 is illustrated a device or apparatus comprising a pad or another support 50 with a set of finger-buttons or equivalent 51 on which the fingers can be placed.
  • Each finger-button 51 is fitted with the necessary mechanisms and electronics as described in paragraph [31] and is, therefore, able to excite the corresponding finger 52 and cause one or more stimuli that are felt by the finger as described in paragraph [30].
  • Pad devices with finger-buttons can be portable or temporarily or permanently localized. Note that the same setup can be used to write by pressing or touching the respective finger-buttons according to FFTT direct method. FINGER-POCKETS DEVICES 55.
  • Fig.6 As an example of finger-pockets devices, in Fig.6 is illustrated a device or apparatus comprising a holder or another support 60 and a set of finger-pockets or equivalent 61 in which the fingers 62 can be placed. Each finger-pocket 61 is fitted with the necessary mechanisms and electronics as described in paragraph [31] and is, therefore, able to excite the corresponding finger 62 and cause one or more stimuli that are felt by the finger as described in paragraph [30]. Finger-pockets devices can be fixed as illustrated in Fig.6 or portable as illustrated in Fig.7. Fig.7 shows a portable example of a finger-pockets device that is placed in a clothes pocket 70 like a jacket pocket or other. In this example, the user inserts the hand in the jacket pocket and the fingers in the device finger pockets in order to read or understand information packages. Note that the same setup can be used to write by pressing the fingers 72 in their respective pockets 71 according to FFTT direct method.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne les éléments principaux et la description essentielle d'un procédé de lecture basé sur la technologie de dactylographie à doigts libres (FFTT) inverse. Les doigts de l'utilisateur reçoivent, dans n'importe quel emplacement ou position, des sensations de stimulation qui sont associées à des caractères, des symboles, des notes de musique, des instructions, des commandes, des ensembles de données ou d'autres paquets ou entités d'informations. Par exemple, un dispositif convertit de tels paquets d'informations en signaux de stimulation ou stimuli qui excitent un ou plusieurs doigts de l'utilisateur. L'utilisateur ressent les effets de stimulation sur des doigts spécifiques et déduit à quels paquets d'informations ils correspondent, en utilisant le procédé FFTT inverse ou équivalent et est, par conséquent, apte à lire un texte ou à comprendre une instruction, une commande ou un autre paquet d'informations. Cette invention est particulièrement utile pour les aveugles et déficients visuels.
PCT/IB2019/059261 2019-10-29 2019-10-29 Procédé de lecture pour aveugles basé sur une technologie de dactylogrpahie à doigts libres inverse WO2021084300A1 (fr)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831296A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-08-27 E Hagle Alphanumeric tactile information communication system
GB2320315A (en) * 1996-12-14 1998-06-17 Heping He A keyboard glove for use by the blind
GB2338539A (en) * 1995-06-23 1999-12-22 Marconi Electronic Syst Ltd A hand tapper for communicating with the deaf-blind
US6159013A (en) 1996-01-19 2000-12-12 Parienti; Raoul Portable reading device for the blind
EP1640939A1 (fr) * 2004-09-22 2006-03-29 Jöelle Beuret-Devanthery Dispositif de communication
EP2041640A1 (fr) 2006-07-16 2009-04-01 I. Cherradi Technologie de dactylographie à doigts libres
US10209881B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2019-02-19 Ibrahim Farid Cherradi El Fadili Extending the free fingers typing technology and introducing the finger taps language technology

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831296A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-08-27 E Hagle Alphanumeric tactile information communication system
GB2338539A (en) * 1995-06-23 1999-12-22 Marconi Electronic Syst Ltd A hand tapper for communicating with the deaf-blind
US6159013A (en) 1996-01-19 2000-12-12 Parienti; Raoul Portable reading device for the blind
GB2320315A (en) * 1996-12-14 1998-06-17 Heping He A keyboard glove for use by the blind
EP1640939A1 (fr) * 2004-09-22 2006-03-29 Jöelle Beuret-Devanthery Dispositif de communication
EP2041640A1 (fr) 2006-07-16 2009-04-01 I. Cherradi Technologie de dactylographie à doigts libres
US10209881B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2019-02-19 Ibrahim Farid Cherradi El Fadili Extending the free fingers typing technology and introducing the finger taps language technology

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