WO2021082596A1 - 一种裂解设备 - Google Patents

一种裂解设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021082596A1
WO2021082596A1 PCT/CN2020/107630 CN2020107630W WO2021082596A1 WO 2021082596 A1 WO2021082596 A1 WO 2021082596A1 CN 2020107630 W CN2020107630 W CN 2020107630W WO 2021082596 A1 WO2021082596 A1 WO 2021082596A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
cracking
primary
cavity
pyrolysis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/107630
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江艳存
王贵山
杨朔
陈永强
孙崧淘
Original Assignee
招远市汇潮新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 招远市汇潮新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 招远市汇潮新能源科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021082596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082596A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/08—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined externally heated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of organic matter cracking, in particular to a cracking device.
  • Cracking equipment is a common production equipment in the field of organic energy regeneration. It is used to heat and crack organic solid wastes such as domestic waste, sludge, sludge, biomass (straw), coal chemical industry, petrochemical industry, and general industry to obtain the required materials. , Such as combustible gas, tar, charcoal, etc.
  • the existing cracking equipment mainly includes a cracking cylinder and a heating cylinder.
  • the heating cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the cracking cylinder.
  • the cracking cylinder rotates relative to the fixed heating cylinder.
  • the organic material rolls and moves in the cracking cylinder.
  • the heat is transferred to the organic materials in the cracking cylinder through the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder.
  • the cracking equipment has insufficient cracking, and the cracking efficiency is low.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cracking device to improve the cracking efficiency of the cracking device.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a cracking equipment including:
  • a primary pyrolysis cylinder the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder is provided with material through holes;
  • a secondary pyrolysis cylinder the secondary pyrolysis cylinder is spirally wound and arranged outside the barrel wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder, and the secondary pyrolysis cylinder communicates with the primary pyrolysis through the material through hole
  • the cylinder is connected, and is used to pass the incompletely cracked solid material in the primary cracking cylinder into the secondary cracking cylinder;
  • a heating cylinder the heating cylinder is sealingly sleeved on the outer periphery of the primary pyrolysis cylinder, the primary pyrolysis cylinder rotates relative to the fixed heating cylinder, and the secondary pyrolysis cylinder is located in the Inside the heating cylinder.
  • the secondary pyrolysis cylinder is a one-way spiral cylinder, and the spiral direction of the one-way spiral cylinder is directed from the feed end of the primary pyrolysis cylinder to the first one.
  • the material through hole is arranged close to the discharge end of the first-level pyrolysis cylinder.
  • the secondary pyrolysis cylinder is a two-way spiral cylinder, and the material through hole is in communication with the two spiral intersections of the two-way spiral cylinder.
  • the annular sieve cavity is fixed around the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder, and the material through hole is located in the annular sieve cavity.
  • the material through hole is a sieve hole, and the secondary cracking cylinder is in communication with the annular sieve cavity.
  • the above-mentioned pyrolysis equipment further includes a gas communication cavity arranged in the primary pyrolysis cylinder and isolated from the interior of the primary pyrolysis cylinder, and the gas communication cavity and the heating cylinder pass through
  • the communicating hole opened in the cylinder wall of the primary cracking cylinder is in gas communication, and is used to introduce the heating gas of the heating cylinder into the gas communicating cavity, and the cavity wall of the gas communicating cavity is used to communicate with The heat transfer of the material in the primary cracking cylinder.
  • the gas communication cavity is a continuous cavity structure or a plurality of divided cavity structures.
  • the gas communication cavity is one or more groups of spiral structure cavities, the spiral structure cavities spirally extend along the axial direction of the primary cracking cylinder, and the spiral
  • the side wall of the structural cavity and the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder form a spiral material channel, and the spiral structure cavity and the primary pyrolysis cylinder are attached or shared on the cylinder wall with one or more One of the communication holes, and a plurality of the communication holes are arranged in a spiral direction.
  • the spiral structure cavity is an annular spiral structure cavity, and there is a radial distance between the inner ring of the annular spiral structure cavity and the axis of the primary cracking cylinder.
  • the spiral direction of the spiral structure cavity is opposite to the spiral direction of the secondary cracking cylinder.
  • the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis cylinder is in communication with the heating cylinder, and the heating cylinder is a combustion cylinder for burning energy materials to generate heat.
  • the above-mentioned pyrolysis equipment further includes a pusher screw spirally arranged on the outer cylinder wall of the first-level pyrolysis cylinder and located in the combustion cylinder, and the outer peripheral edge of the pusher screw is close to the combustion cylinder The inner cylinder wall.
  • the material pushing direction of the material pushing screw is the same as the material conveying direction of the primary pyrolysis cylinder.
  • the pushing screw is a continuous screw or a segmented screw.
  • the pushing screw is a sheet-shaped screw.
  • the cracking equipment provided by the present invention includes a primary cracking barrel, a secondary cracking barrel and a heating barrel, wherein the secondary cracking barrel is spirally wound and arranged outside the wall of the primary cracking barrel, and the secondary cracking barrel
  • the material through hole opened on the primary pyrolysis cylinder is connected with the primary pyrolysis cylinder, and is used to pass the solid material of the primary pyrolysis cylinder into the secondary pyrolysis cylinder; the heating cylinder is sealed and sleeved in the primary pyrolysis cylinder.
  • the primary cracking cylinder rotates relative to the fixed heating cylinder, and the secondary cracking cylinder is located in the heating cylinder.
  • the material When working, the material first enters the primary cracking cylinder for cracking reaction. With the rotation of the primary cracking cylinder, the incompletely cracked solid material reaches the position of the material through hole, and enters the secondary cracking cylinder through the material through hole.
  • the secondary pyrolysis cylinder rotates together with the primary pyrolysis cylinder, and the material in the secondary pyrolysis cylinder undergoes a cracking reaction again. It can be seen that the material is first cracked in the primary cracking cylinder, and then the second cracking is carried out in the secondary cracking cylinder. Compared with the existing reaction only in the cracking cylinder, the material can fully undergo the cracking reaction and improve The lysis efficiency is improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cracking device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another cracking device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third cracking device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an annular sieve cavity of a cracking equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary cracking cylinder of a cracking equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the wall structure of a primary cracking cylinder of a cracking equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an axial cross-sectional structure of a primary cracking cylinder of a cracking equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the feed screw
  • 2 is the heating cylinder
  • 3 is the primary cracking cylinder
  • 4 is the secondary cracking cylinder
  • 5 is the annular sieve cavity
  • 51 is the material through hole
  • 6 is the turning and guiding mechanism
  • 61 is a V-shaped turning plate
  • 62 is a baffle
  • 7 is a gas communication cavity
  • 8 is a spiral material channel
  • 9 is a communication hole
  • 10 is a material pushing screw.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a cracking device, which improves the cracking efficiency of the cracking device.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a pyrolysis equipment, including a primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, a secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4, and a heating cylinder 2.
  • the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 is a cylindrical body, and the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 is a cylinder.
  • the wall of the pyrolysis cylinder 3 is provided with a material through hole 51; the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 is spirally wound and arranged outside the cylinder wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 and the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 Moving together, the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 communicates with the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 through the material through hole 51, and is used to pass the incompletely cracked solid material in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 into the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4;
  • the heating cylinder 2 is sealed and sleeved on the outer circumference of the primary cracking cylinder 3, the heating cylinder 2 is fixed, the primary cracking cylinder 3 rotates relative to the heating cylinder 2, and the two ends of the heating cylinder 2 are connected to the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the outer circumference of the cylinder wall is rotated and sealed, and the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 is located in the heating cylinder 2.
  • the primary cracking cylinder 3 and the secondary cracking cylinder 4 rotate together relative to the heating cylinder 2.
  • the heating cylinder 2 provides heat for the primary cracking cylinder 3 and the secondary cracking cylinder 4 at the same time, and the material enters first
  • the cracking reaction is carried out in the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the solid material in the primary cracking cylinder 3 that is not completely cracked reaches the position of the material through hole 51 and leaks in through the material through hole 51
  • the materials entering the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 continue to undergo the pyrolysis reaction. It can be seen that the material is first cracked in the primary cracking cylinder 3, and then cracked again in the secondary cracking cylinder 4. Compared with the existing reaction only in the cracking cylinder, the material can fully undergo the cracking reaction. , Improve the efficiency of cracking.
  • this embodiment provides a specific secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4, the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 is a one-way spiral cylinder, and the spiral direction of the one-way spiral cylinder is from that of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the material end points to the discharge end of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and the material through hole 51 is set close to the discharge end of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, that is, the material conveying direction in the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 is the same as that of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the conveying direction of the material is opposite.
  • the material in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 moves from the feed end to the discharge end.
  • a pyrolysis is carried out.
  • the material reaches the position of the material through hole 51, and the carbonized material in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 passes through the material.
  • the hole 51 separates and leaks into the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4.
  • the carbonized material moves in the spiral and reverse direction in the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 and undergoes secondary cracking, which is a secondary cracking reaction. Provides enough reaction schedule, and the reaction is more complete.
  • the materials in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 that did not enter the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 continue to move to the discharge end of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 and are finally discharged.
  • This embodiment provides another secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4, which is a two-way spiral cylinder.
  • the two-way spiral cylinder has two sections of spiral cylinders connected to each other, and the conveying direction of one section of the spiral cylinder is The conveying direction of the first-stage pyrolysis cylinder is the same, and the conveying direction of the other spiral cylinder is opposite to that of the first-stage pyrolysis cylinder.
  • the material through hole 51 communicates with the two spiral intersections of the two-way spiral cylinder.
  • the material through hole is set at the middle position of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the lengths of the two spiral cylinders are equal. As long as the carbonized material in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 can enter the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4, The second cracking is only required in the cracking cylinder 4, and it is not limited to the structural forms listed in this embodiment.
  • the pyrolysis equipment further includes an annular sieve cavity 5.
  • the annular sieve cavity 5 is fixed around the outside of the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and the material through holes 51 is located in the annular sieve cavity 5, and the material through hole 51 is a sieve hole.
  • the sieve holes are set around the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 is in communication with the annular sieve cavity 5.
  • the sieve holes of the annular sieve cavity 5 are arranged in a circle along the outer circumference of the cylinder wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3, as the primary cracking cylinder 3 rotates, the carbonized material in the primary cracking cylinder 3 It continuously enters the annular sieve cavity 5 through the sieve holes on the cylinder wall, and enters the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 as it rotates. Through the screen holes, the carbonized material and other solid materials in the primary cracking cylinder 3 can be separated more conveniently, so that the carbonized material will be sieved out into the annular sieve cavity 5 along with the rotation of the cylinder.
  • the material through hole 51 can also be a mesh provided at the connection position of the inlet of the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 and the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, but the separation effect of the carbonized material is not as good as the sieve in the annular sieve cavity 5.
  • the cracking equipment further includes a gas communication cavity 7 arranged in the primary cracking cylinder 3 and isolated from the interior of the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the gas communicating cavity 7 and the heating cylinder 2 is in gas communication through the communication hole 9 opened in the wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3, and is used to introduce the heating gas of the heating cylinder 2 into the gas communication cavity 7, and the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 7 is used to connect with a The heat transfer of the material in the stage pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the working process of the pyrolysis equipment is: the material enters the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and with the rotation of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, in order to ensure the pyrolysis effect, the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 rotates slowly, and the material is in the primary pyrolysis cylinder. 3 The inside slides and moves along the cylinder wall. During this process, the heat in the heating cylinder 2 is transferred to the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 through the cylinder wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and the material slides down in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the heating gas of the heating cylinder 2 is introduced into the gas communication cavity 7, and the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 7 is in contact with the material for heat transfer, and the gas is connected to the cavity of the cavity 7
  • the body wall radiates heat into the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the present application uses the gas to communicate with the cavity wall of the cavity 7 greatly.
  • the heat transfer area inside the first-level cracking cylinder 3 is increased, the heat transfer efficiency and the utilization rate of heat energy are improved, and the cracking reaction is more conducive to the rapid progress of the cracking reaction, and the reaction time is saved.
  • the gas communication cavity 7 is a continuous cavity structure or a plurality of divided cavity structures.
  • a continuous cavity structure is in gas communication with the heating cylinder 2, or a plurality of separate cavity structures are in gas communication with the heating cylinder 2, as long as the heating gas in the heating cylinder 2 can be introduced into the gas communication cavity 7 , In order to increase the heat transfer area in the primary cracking cylinder 3 to realize the multi-directional heating of the material.
  • the shape and size of the cavity structure are not limited, and can be any shape, such as a strip cavity structure or a block shape.
  • the cavity structure, special-shaped cavity structure, etc. can also be arbitrarily arranged in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, such as along the axial and transverse directions of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, as long as the material can be placed in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 Circulate inside and transfer heat through the cavity structure.
  • the gas communication cavity 7 and the heating cylinder 2 are kept in gas communication through a communication hole 9 opened in the cylinder wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the communication hole 9 can allow the heating gas in the heating cylinder 2 to enter the gas communication cavity 7, and minimize or avoid the solid or liquid material in the heating cylinder 2 from entering the gas communication cavity 7 through the communication hole 9, because the heating cylinder 2 It is fixedly arranged. Therefore, solid or liquid materials usually stay at the bottom of the heating cylinder 2 and cannot easily enter the communication hole 9, while the heating gas in the heating cylinder 2 can diffuse and flow through the communication hole 9 into the gas communication cavity 7, thereby This further ensures that the heating gas circulates better in the gas communication cavity 7 for heat transfer.
  • the communicating holes 9 can be of any shape, such as circular, rectangular, elliptical, quincunx, etc., as long as it is conducive to the passage of gas.
  • the communicating holes 9 The size of is determined according to the heating demand. If the heating demand is large, a larger communicating hole 9 can be provided to ensure sufficient heating gas circulation. On the contrary, a smaller communicating hole 9 can be provided.
  • the number of communicating holes 9 is also set according to heating requirements. The larger the number of communicating holes 9, the smoother the circulation of the heating gas in the gas communication cavity 7 and the faster the heating speed. Otherwise, the slower the heating speed, but at the same time. It is ensured that the solid and liquid materials in the heating cylinder 2 are prevented from entering the gas communication cavity 7 as much as possible.
  • the side wall of the gas communication cavity 7 and the inner wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3 are attached and fixed or shared, that is, the gas communicating cavity 7 is seated and fixed on the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the side wall of the gas communication cavity 7 for seating can be an independent cavity wall, or it can be shared with the inner wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the communication hole 9 is opened on the cylinder wall where the gas communication cavity 7 and the primary cracking cylinder 3 are attached or shared, and the gas communication cavity 7 and the heating cylinder 2 are maintained in gas communication through the communication hole 9.
  • the material in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 can be increased and increased during the process of sliding down the cylinder wall in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 7 contacts the heat transfer opportunity, delaying the moving speed of the material, thereby further improving the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the gas communication cavity 7 can also be suspended in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3.
  • the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 7 does not contact the inner cylinder wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, but is suspended through a supporting structure. fixed.
  • the gas communication cavity 7 communicates with the communication hole 9 on the cylinder wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3 through a communication pipe to realize gas communication.
  • the gas communication cavity 7 is preferably one or more groups of spiral structure cavities, and the spiral structure cavities spirally extend along the axial direction of the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the side walls of the structure cavity and the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 form a spiral material channel 8.
  • Multiple sets of spiral structure cavities are arranged along the axial direction of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 to form a continuous spiral material channel 8.
  • a spiral gas channel is formed inside the spiral structure cavity.
  • the spiral structure cavity can make full use of the space in the primary cracking cylinder 3, providing radial and axial heat convection, heat conduction, and heat radiation channels between the primary cracking cylinder 3 and the heating cylinder 2, which greatly Increase the heat transfer area.
  • the material enters the first pyrolysis cylinder 3 from the feed end of the first pyrolysis cylinder 3, as the first pyrolysis cylinder 3 rotates, the material gradually passes from the first pyrolysis cylinder in the spiral material channel 8 The feeding end of 3 moves to the discharging end, and the material is driven by the rotating spiral structure cavity to automatically move backwards.
  • the primary cracking cylinder 3 can be placed in a horizontal form, and the feeding end does not need to be higher than the discharging end. End tilt setting.
  • the material moves in the spiral material channel 8
  • the material is always in contact with the side wall of the spiral structure cavity and the wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3 to transfer heat, and the running path of the material is extended, and the primary cracking of the material is improved.
  • the residence time in the cylinder 3 enables the materials to be fully heated, further improves the heat transfer efficiency, and is more conducive to the cracking reaction.
  • the feeding end of the primary cracking cylinder 3 is inclined to be higher than the discharging end, and the weight of the material and the The rotation of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 realizes the automatic movement of materials.
  • one or more communicating holes 9 are opened on the wall of the spiral structure cavity which is attached to or shared with the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and a plurality of communicating holes 9 Arranged along the spiral direction. If a communicating hole 9 is provided, the heating gas with a certain pressure in the heating cylinder 2 is used to enter the spiral structure cavity through the communicating hole 9. In order to fill the spiral structure cavity with the heating gas, a communicating hole 9 is provided in the spiral structure At one end of the cavity, the heating gas gradually fills the whole cavity from one end of the spiral structure cavity.
  • the communicating hole 9 is preferably arranged at the end of the spiral structure cavity close to the discharge end, so that the flow direction of the heating gas is opposite to the direction of material movement to further Improve heat transfer efficiency. If multiple communicating holes 9 are provided, the multiple communicating holes 9 are arranged along the spiral direction of the spiral structure cavity. Preferably, the multiple communicating holes 9 are evenly distributed to further improve the uniformity of gas heat transfer.
  • the spiral structure cavity is an annular spiral structure cavity, and there is a radial distance between the inner ring of the annular spiral structure cavity and the axis of the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the central part of the annular spiral structure cavity forms a hollow area penetrating the axial direction of the primary cracking cylinder 3, and the gas generated by the cracking in the primary cracking cylinder 3 can circulate through the hollow area more smoothly.
  • the spiral structure cavity may not have a hollow area, and the gas generated by the cracking in the primary cracking cylinder 3 can also be spirally transported in the spiral material channel 8, but the gas transport path is longer.
  • the difference between the diameter of the outer ring and the diameter of the inner ring of the annular spiral structure cavity is greater than 5 cm.
  • the determination of the difference value needs to ensure the temperature difference between the heating cylinder 2 and the primary cracking cylinder 3, so that the material can be fully cracked while avoiding rapid coking.
  • the width between the two side walls of the spiral structure cavity is 1 cm to 100 cm, and the width determines the size of the gas spiral channel inside the spiral structure cavity, which in turn determines the heating capacity The size and the size of the heat dissipation area, as well as to ensure the generation of convection and turbulence of the hot air flow. More preferably, the width between the two side walls is about 50 cm.
  • the pitch of the spiral structure cavity is equal pitch or variable pitch, and the pitch is greater than 1 cm.
  • the pitch form and pitch size are determined according to the temperature gradient of different axial sections in the primary cracking cylinder 3 and the carbonization requirements.
  • the spiral direction of the spiral structure cavity is opposite to the spiral direction of the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4, that is, the conveying direction of the spiral material channel 8 in the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 is the same as that of the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4.
  • the feeding direction is opposite. To ensure that the carbonized material in the secondary cracking cylinder 4 is fully reacted.
  • the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 is in communication with the heating cylinder 2, and the heating cylinder 2 is a combustion cylinder, which is used to burn energy materials to generate heat.
  • the solid waste generated by the completion of the carbonized material cracking reaction in the secondary cracking cylinder 4 can also be used as energy material to enter the combustion cylinder for further combustion to generate heat, thereby improving the utilization rate of materials and saving energy material consumption.
  • the discharge port of the secondary pyrolysis cylinder 4 can also be directly connected to the discharge port of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 to directly discharge the pyrolysis equipment.
  • the cracking device in this embodiment further includes a pusher screw 10 spirally arranged on the outer cylinder wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3 and located in the combustion cylinder.
  • the outer peripheral edge of the pusher screw 10 is close to The inner wall of the combustion tube.
  • the pusher screw 10 rotates with the rotation of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and the pusher screw 10 transfers the energy material in the combustion cylinder from one end of the combustion cylinder. Pushing to the other end avoids the concentrated accumulation of solid energy materials in the combustion tube, makes the solid energy materials burn more uniformly and fully, improves the combustion efficiency of the combustion tube, and further improves the thermal efficiency of the cracking equipment.
  • the pushing direction of the pushing screw 10 is the same as the material conveying direction of the primary cracking cylinder 3, that is, the pushing screw 10 is the pushing direction and the material conveying direction of the secondary cracking cylinder 4. in contrast.
  • the push screw 10 pushes the solid material in the combustion cylinder to the other end in the reverse direction, so that the energy material moves in the same direction as the secondary pyrolysis cylinder.
  • the moving direction of the materials in 4 is opposite, which ensures that the heat generated by the combustion of the energy material in the combustion cylinder and the heat absorbed by the materials in the secondary cracking cylinder 4 are balanced with each other, and the utilization rate of heat is improved.
  • the pushing direction of the pushing screw 10 and the material conveying direction in the secondary cracking cylinder 4 can also be the same.
  • the pushing screw 10 is a continuous spiral or a segmented spiral, that is, the pushing screw 10 is a complete continuous spiral structure, or the pushing screw 10 is a spiral structure that is arranged axially by multiple sections. Composed of segmented spirals. As long as it can realize the movement of the solid energy substance in the combustion cylinder, it is not limited to the structure listed in this embodiment.
  • the pushing screw 10 is a sheet-like spiral, and the sheet-like spiral is a single sheet of plate spirally wound on the outer wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3, and the structure is simple.
  • the pushing screw 10 can also be a spiral wall structure surrounded by double-layer plates, but the structure is complicated, but it can also play a role in pushing.
  • the feed end and the discharge end of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 are provided with a material turning and guiding mechanism 6.
  • the material in the feed end enters the spiral material channel 8 through the material turning and guiding mechanism 6 in the feeding end, and the material is realized by the turning material guiding mechanism 6 in the discharging end.
  • the material in the spiral material channel 8 enters the discharge port and is discharged out of the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the turning material guide mechanism 6 includes a plurality of V-shaped turning plates 61 arranged in the circumferential direction and fixed on the inner wall of the primary cracking cylinder 3.
  • the direction of the concave angle of the V-shaped turning plate 61 and the direction of the inner concave surface of the arc-shaped turning plate are the same as the rotation direction of the primary cracking cylinder 3, the V-shaped turning plate 61 and the arc-shaped turning plate
  • One end of the plate is fixed to the inner end surface of the discharge end of the primary cracking cylinder 3, and the other end is a free end.
  • the V-shaped turning plate 61 is composed of two plates combined to form a V-shaped structure.
  • V-shaped turning plate 61 Take the V-shaped turning plate 61 as an example for illustration. Its working principle is: as the primary cracking cylinder 3 rotates, the material continuously enters the inlet end of the V-shaped turning plate 61, due to the concave corner of the V-shaped turning plate 61 The direction is the same as the rotation direction of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3. Therefore, when the V-shaped turning plate 61 moves from low to high, the material on the wall of the primary pyrolysis cylinder 3 is lifted to make the material flow out. The direction of the material end moves and accumulates at the concave corner.
  • V-shaped turning plate 61 moves from high to low, the material accumulated in the concave corner starts to be thrown, and the material moves along the V-shaped turning plate 61 close to the discharge. A plate at the end moves to the discharge port at the discharge end, which realizes the turning and export of materials.
  • the baffle at the concave corner of the V-shaped turning plate 61 is also provided with a baffle 62 for carrying materials.
  • the baffle 62 can better accumulate materials and lift the materials to a high place for throwing.
  • the inner recess of the arc-shaped turning plate is also provided with a baffle 62 for carrying materials.
  • the cracking device further includes a feed screw 1, which is connected to the inlet of the primary cracking cylinder 3. Specifically, the feed spiral 1 and the primary cracking cylinder 3 The inlet is connected by rotating and sealing, and the material is conveyed through the feed screw 1 into the inlet of the primary cracking cylinder 3. Continuous feeding is realized by the feeding screw 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种裂解设备，包括：一级裂解筒体，所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁开设有物料通孔；二级裂解筒体，所述二级裂解筒体呈螺旋状缠绕设置于所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁外，所述二级裂解筒体通过所述物料通孔与所述一级裂解筒体连通，用于将所述一级裂解筒体中的未完全裂解的固体物料通入所述二级裂解筒体中；加热筒，所述加热筒密封套设于所述一级裂解筒体的外周，所述一级裂解筒相对固定设置的所述加热筒做旋转运动，所述二级裂解筒体位于所述加热筒内。物料先在一级裂解筒体中进行一次裂解，再在二级裂解筒体中进行二次裂解，与现有的只在裂解筒内反应相比，能够使物料充分进行裂解反应，提高了裂解效率。

Description

一种裂解设备
本申请要求于2019年10月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911039302.9、发明名称为“一种裂解设备”的中国专利优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及有机物裂解技术领域，特别涉及一种裂解设备。
背景技术
裂解设备是有机物能源再生领域常见的生产设备，用于将生活垃圾、污泥、污油泥、生物质(秸秆类)、煤化工、石油化工、一般工业等有机固废加热裂解，得到需要的物质，如可燃气、焦油、炭等。现有的裂解设备主要包括裂解筒和供热筒，供热筒套在裂解筒的外周，裂解筒相对固定设置的供热筒做旋转运动，有机物料在裂解筒内翻滚移动，供热筒的热量通过裂解筒的筒壁传递给裂解筒内的有机物料。但该裂解设备存在裂解不充分的情况，裂解效率低。
综上所述，如何提高裂解设备的裂解效率低的问题，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种裂解设备，以提高裂解设备的裂解效率。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种裂解设备，包括：
一级裂解筒体，所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁开设有物料通孔；
二级裂解筒体，所述二级裂解筒体呈螺旋状缠绕设置于所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁外，所述二级裂解筒体通过所述物料通孔与所述一级裂解筒体连通，用 于将所述一级裂解筒体中的未完全裂解的固体物料通入所述二级裂解筒体中；
加热筒，所述加热筒密封套设于所述一级裂解筒体的外周，所述一级裂解筒体相对固定设置的所述加热筒做旋转运动，所述二级裂解筒体位于所述加热筒内。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述二级裂解筒体为单向螺旋筒体，所述单向螺旋筒体的螺旋方向由所述一级裂解筒体的进料端指向所述一级裂解筒体的出料端，所述物料通孔靠近所述一级裂解筒体的出料端设置。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述二级裂解筒体为双向螺旋筒体，所述物料通孔与所述双向螺旋筒体的两个螺旋交汇处连通。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，还包括环形筛腔体，所述环形筛腔体环绕固定于所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁外，所述物料通孔位于所述环形筛腔体内，且所述物料通孔为筛孔，所述二级裂解筒体与所述环形筛腔体连通。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，还包括设置于所述一级裂解筒体内的与所述一级裂解筒体内部隔离的气体连通腔体，所述气体连通腔体与所述加热筒通过开设于所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁的连通孔气体连通，用于将所述加热筒的加热气体引入所述气体连通腔体中，所述气体连通腔体的腔体壁用于与所述一级裂解筒体内的物料传热。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述气体连通腔体为一个连续的腔体结构或为多个分体的腔体结构。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述气体连通腔体为一组或多组螺旋结构腔体，所述螺旋结构腔体沿所述一级裂解筒体的轴向螺旋延伸，所述螺旋结构腔体的侧壁与所述一级裂解筒体的筒壁形成螺旋物料通道，所述螺旋结构腔体与所述一级裂解筒体相贴合或共用的筒壁上开设有一个或多个所述连通孔，多个所述连通孔沿螺旋方向布置。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述螺旋结构腔体为环形螺旋结构腔体，所述环形螺旋结构腔体的内圈与所述一级裂解筒的轴线之间存在径向间距。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述螺旋结构腔体的螺旋方向与所述二级裂解筒体的螺旋方向相反。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述二级裂解筒体的出料口与所述加热筒连通，所述加热筒为燃烧筒，用于燃烧能源物质产生热量。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，还包括螺旋设置于所述一级裂解筒的外筒壁且位于所述燃烧筒内的推料螺旋，所述推料螺旋的外周边缘靠近所述燃烧筒的内筒壁。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述推料螺旋的推料方向与所述一级裂解筒体的物料输送方向相同。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述推料螺旋为连续螺旋或分段螺旋。
优选地，在上述的裂解设备中，所述推料螺旋为片状螺旋。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的裂解设备包括一级裂解筒体、二级裂解筒体和加热筒，其中，二级裂解筒体呈螺旋状缠绕设置于一级裂解筒体的筒壁外，二级裂解筒体通过开设于一级裂解筒体上的物料通孔与一级裂解筒体连通，用于将一级裂解筒体的固体物料通入二级裂解筒体中；加热筒密封套设于一级裂解筒体的外周，一级裂解筒相对固定设置的加热筒做旋转运动，二级裂解筒体位于加热筒内。工作时，物料先进入一级裂解筒体内进行裂解反应，随着一级裂解筒体的转动，未完全裂解的固体物料到达物料通孔位置，并通过物料通孔进入二级裂解筒体中，二级裂解筒体与一级裂解筒体一起转动，二级裂解筒体中的物料进行再次裂解反应。可见，物料先在一级裂解筒体中进行一次裂解，再在二级裂解筒体中进行二次裂解，与现有的只在裂解筒内反应相比，能够使物料充分进行裂解反应，提高了裂解效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种裂解设备的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的另一种裂解设备的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的第三种裂解设备的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种裂解设备的环形筛腔体的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种裂解设备的一级裂解筒体的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种裂解设备的一级裂解筒体的筒壁结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种裂解设备的一级裂解筒体的轴向剖面结构示意图。
其中，1为进料螺旋、2为加热筒、3为一级裂解筒体、4为二级裂解筒体、5为环形筛腔体、51为物料通孔、6为翻料导料机构、61为V形翻料板、62为挡板、7为气体连通腔体、8为螺旋物料通道、9为连通孔、10为推料螺旋。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供了一种裂解设备，提高了裂解设备的裂解效率。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1，本发明实施例提供了一种裂解设备，包括一级裂解筒体3、二级裂解筒体4和加热筒2；其中，一级裂解筒体3为圆筒体，一级裂解筒体3的筒壁开设有物料通孔51；二级裂解筒体4呈螺旋状缠绕设置于一级裂解筒体3的筒壁外，二级裂解筒体4和一级裂解筒体3一起运动，二级裂解筒体4通过物料通孔51与一级裂解筒体3连通，用于将一级裂解筒体3中的未完全 裂解的固体物料通入二级裂解筒体4中；加热筒2密封套设于一级裂解筒体3的外周，加热筒2固定不动，一级裂解筒体3相对加热筒2做旋转运动，加热筒2的两端与一级裂解筒体3的筒壁外周转动密封连接，二级裂解筒体4位于加热筒2内。
该裂解设备工作时，一级裂解筒体3和二级裂解筒体4一起相对加热筒2转动，加热筒2为一级裂解筒体3和二级裂解筒体4同时提供热量，物料先进入一级裂解筒体3内进行裂解反应，随着一级裂解筒体3的转动，一级裂解筒体3中未完全裂解的固体物料到达物料通孔51位置，并通过物料通孔51漏入二级裂解筒体4中，进入二级裂解筒体4中的物料继续进行裂解反应。可见，物料先在一级裂解筒体3中进行一次裂解，再在二级裂解筒体4中进行二次裂解，与现有的只在裂解筒内反应相比，能够使物料充分进行裂解反应，提高了裂解效率。
进一步地，本实施例提供了一种具体的二级裂解筒体4，该二级裂解筒体4为单向螺旋筒体，单向螺旋筒体的螺旋方向由一级裂解筒体3的进料端指向一级裂解筒体3的出料端，物料通孔51靠近一级裂解筒体3的出料端设置，即二级裂解筒体4中的物料输送方向与一级裂解筒体3中的物料输送方向相反。
工作时，一级裂解筒体3中的物料由进料端移动至出料端，此过程中进行一次裂解，物料到达物料通孔51位置，一级裂解筒体3中的碳化料通过物料通孔51分离漏入二级裂解筒体4中，随着二级裂解筒体4的转动，碳化料在二级裂解筒体4中螺旋反向移动，并进行二次裂解，为二次裂解反应提供了足够的反应行程，反应更加充分。而一级裂解筒体3中没有进入二级裂解筒体4中的物料继续向一级裂解筒体3的出料端移动，最后排出。
本实施例提供了另一种二级裂解筒体4，该二级裂解筒体4为双向螺旋筒体，双向螺旋筒体具有相互连通的两段螺旋筒体，其中一段螺旋筒体的输送方向与一级裂解筒体的输送方向相同，另一段螺旋筒体的输送方向与一级裂解筒体的输送方向相反，物料通孔51与双向螺旋筒体的两个螺旋交汇处连通，优选地，物料通孔设置于一级裂解筒体3的中间位置，两段螺旋筒体的长度相等， 只要能够使一级裂解筒体3中的碳化料进入二级裂解筒体4中，并在二级裂解筒体4中进行二次裂解即可，并不局限于本实施例所列举的结构形式。
如图1和图4所示，进一步地，在本实施例中，裂解设备还包括环形筛腔体5，环形筛腔体5环绕固定于一级裂解筒体3的筒壁外，物料通孔51位于环形筛腔体5内，且物料通孔51为筛孔，筛孔绕一级裂解筒体3的筒壁设置一周，二级裂解筒体4与环形筛腔体5连通。
工作时，由于环形筛腔体5的筛孔沿一级裂解筒体3的筒壁外周布置一圈，因此，随着一级裂解筒体3的转动，一级裂解筒体3中的碳化料通过筒壁上的筛孔连续进入环形筛腔体5内，并随着转动进入二级裂解筒体4中。通过筛孔可以更方便地分离一级裂解筒体3中的碳化料和其它固体物料，使碳化料随着筒体的转动而筛分出来进入环形筛腔体5中。
当然，物料通孔51还可以为设置于二级裂解筒体4的进口和一级裂解筒体3相连接位置的网孔，只是碳化料的分离效果不如环形筛腔体5中的筛孔。
如图2和图5所示，进一步地，裂解设备还包括设置于一级裂解筒体3内的与一级裂解筒体3内部隔离的气体连通腔体7，气体连通腔体7与加热筒2通过开设于一级裂解筒体3的筒壁的连通孔9气体连通，用于将加热筒2的加热气体引入气体连通腔体7中，气体连通腔体7的腔体壁用于与一级裂解筒体3内的物料传热。
该裂解设备的工作过程是：物料进入一级裂解筒体3内，随着一级裂解筒体3的旋转，为了保证裂解效果，一级裂解筒体3旋转缓慢，物料在一级裂解筒体3内沿筒壁滑落移动，此过程中，加热筒2中的热量通过一级裂解筒体3的筒壁传递至一级裂解筒体3内，物料在一级裂解筒体3内滑落的过程中与筒壁接触传热，同时，加热筒2的加热气体引入到气体连通腔体7中，通过气体连通腔体7的腔体壁与物料接触传热，并且通过气体连通腔体7的腔体壁向一级裂解筒体3内辐射热量，相比于现有的仅通过一级裂解筒体3的筒壁对其中的物料进行加热，本申请通过气体连通腔体7的腔体壁大大增加了一级裂解筒体3内部的传热面积，提高了传热效率和热能利用率，更有利于裂解反应的快速进行，节省了反应时间。
在本实施例中，气体连通腔体7为一个连续的腔体结构或为多个分体的腔体结构。一个连续的腔体结构与加热筒2气体连通，或者多个分体的腔体结构分别与加热筒2气体连通，只要能够将加热筒2中的加热气体引入到气体连通腔体7中即可，以增大一级裂解筒体3内的传热面积，实现物料多方向的受热。
不管气体连通腔体7是一个连续的腔体结构或者是多个分体的腔体结构，其腔体结构的形状和大小不做限制，可以是任意形状，如条形腔体结构、块状腔体结构、异形腔体结构等，还可以任意布置于一级裂解筒体3内，如沿一级裂解筒体3的轴向、横向等布置，只要保证物料能够在一级裂解筒体3内流通，并通过腔体结构传热即可。
在本实施例中，气体连通腔体7和加热筒2通过开设于一级裂解筒体3的筒壁的连通孔9保持气体连通。连通孔9能使加热筒2内的加热气体进入气体连通腔体7中，且尽量减少或避免加热筒2内的固体或液体物料通过连通孔9进入气体连通腔体7中，由于加热筒2固定设置，因此，固体或液体物料通常停留在加热筒2的底部，不容易进入连通孔9，而加热筒2中的加热气体能够扩散并对流通过连通孔9进入气体连通腔体7中，从而进一步保证了加热气体在气体连通腔体7内更好地流通进行传热。
当然，本实施例不对连通孔9的形状、大小和数量进行限定，连通孔9可以是任意形状，如圆形、矩形、椭圆形、梅花形等，只要有利于气体通过即可，连通孔9的大小根据加热需求而定，如果加热需求大，可以设置较大的连通孔9，以保证足够的加热气体的流通，相反，则设置较小的连通孔9。连通孔9的数量同样根据加热需求设定，连通孔9的数量相对越多，气体连通腔体7内的加热气体的流通越顺畅，加热速度越快，反之则加热速度越慢，但同时要保证尽量避免加热筒2内的固体和液体物料进入气体连通腔体7中。
进一步地，在本实施例中，气体连通腔体7的一侧腔体壁与一级裂解筒体3的内壁贴合固定或共用，即气体连通腔体7坐落固定于一级裂解筒体3的内筒壁上，气体连通腔体7用于坐落的一侧腔体壁可以是独立的腔体壁，也可以与一级裂解筒体3的内壁共用。连通孔9开设于气体连通腔体7与一级裂解筒体3相贴合或共用的筒壁上，气体连通腔体7和加热筒2通过连通孔9保持气 体连通。通过将气体连通腔体7坐落固定于一级裂解筒体3的筒壁上，可以使一级裂解筒体3内的物料在一级裂解筒体3内沿筒壁滑落的过程中，增加与气体连通腔体7的腔体壁接触传热的机会，延缓物料移动的速度，从而进一步提高传热效率。
当然，气体连通腔体7也可以悬置于一级裂解筒体3内，气体连通腔体7的腔体壁不与一级裂解筒体3的内筒壁接触，而是通过支撑结构进悬空固定。相应地，气体连通腔体7通过连通管与一级裂解筒体3的筒壁上的连通孔9连通，实现气体的连通。如此设置，物料在一级裂解筒体3内移动的过程中，可能很少与气体连通腔体7的腔体壁接触，但通过气体连通腔3的腔体壁进行热量辐射加热，同样可以提高传热效率。
如图5所示，进一步地，在本实施例中，气体连通腔体7优选为一组或多组螺旋结构腔体，螺旋结构腔体沿一级裂解筒体3的轴向螺旋延伸，螺旋结构腔体的侧壁与一级裂解筒体3的筒壁形成螺旋物料通道8，多组螺旋结构腔体沿一级裂解筒体3的轴向依次排布，组合形成连续的螺旋物料通道8，螺旋结构腔体内部形成螺旋的气体通道。如此设置后，螺旋结构腔体能够充分利用一级裂解筒体3内的空间，提供了一级裂解筒体3与加热筒2之间径向和轴向热对流、热传导、热辐射通道，大大增加了传热面积。工作时，物料由一级裂解筒体3的进料端进入一级裂解筒体3内后，随着一级裂解筒体3的旋转，物料在螺旋物料通道8中逐渐由一级裂解筒体3的进料端向出料端移动，物料被旋转的螺旋结构腔体驱使自动向后移动，因此，一级裂解筒体3可以采用水平放置的形式，不需要使进料端高于出料端倾斜设置。物料在螺旋物料通道8中移动的过程中，物料始终与螺旋结构腔体的侧壁和一级裂解筒体3的筒壁接触传热，且延长了物料的运行路径，提高了物料在一级裂解筒体3内的停留时间，使物料充分加热，进一步提高了传热效率，更有利于裂解反应的进行。
当然，如果气体连通腔体7不采用螺旋结构腔体，为了方便物料由进料端向出料端移动，一级裂解筒体3的进料端高于出料端倾斜设置，利用物料自重和一级裂解筒体3的旋转实现物料的自动移动。
如图6所示，进一步地，在本实施例中，螺旋结构腔体与一级裂解筒体3 相贴合或共用的筒壁上开设有一个或多个连通孔9，多个连通孔9沿螺旋方向布置。如果设置一个连通孔9，则利用加热筒2内的具有一定压力的加热气体通过该连通孔9进入螺旋结构腔体中，为了使加热气体充满螺旋结构腔体，一个连通孔9设置于螺旋结构腔体的一端，加热气体由螺旋结构腔体的一端逐渐充满整个腔体，连通孔9优选设置在螺旋结构腔体靠近出料端的一端，使加热气体的流向与物料移动的方向相反，以进一步提高传热效率。如果设置多个连通孔9，则多个连通孔9沿螺旋结构腔体的螺旋方向布置，优选地，多个连通孔9均匀分布，以进一步提高气体传热的均匀性。
进一步地，如图7所示，在本实施例中，螺旋结构腔体为环形螺旋结构腔体，环形螺旋结构腔体的内圈与一级裂解筒体3的轴线之间存在径向间距。如此设置，环形螺旋结构腔体的中心部位形成贯通一级裂解筒体3的轴向的空心区域，一级裂解筒体3内裂解产生的气体可以更顺畅地通过空心区域进行流通。
当然，螺旋结构腔体还可以不具有空心区域，则一级裂解筒体3内裂解产生的气体同样能够在螺旋物料通道8中进行螺旋输送，只是气体输送的路径较长。
作为优化，在本实施例中，环形螺旋结构腔体的外圈直径和内圈直径的差值大于5cm，根据加热需要以及一级裂解筒体3内的气体输送需求确定环形螺旋结构腔体的外圈直径与内圈直径的差值。差值的确定需要保证加热筒2与一级裂解筒体3之间的温差，使物料能充分裂解的同时，避免快速焦化。
作为优化，在本实施例中，螺旋结构腔体的两个侧壁之间的宽度为1cm～100cm，宽度的大小决定了螺旋结构腔体内部的气体螺旋通道的大小，进而决定了加热量的大小和散热面积大小，以及保证热气流的对流和紊流的产生。更优选地，两个侧壁之间的宽度为50cm左右。
在本实施例中，螺旋结构腔体的螺距为等螺距或变螺距，螺距大于1cm。根据一级裂解筒体3内不同轴向段的温度梯度和碳化需求确定螺距形式和螺距大小。
在本实施例中，螺旋结构腔体的螺旋方向与二级裂解筒体4的螺旋方向相 反，即一级裂解筒体3中的螺旋物料通道8的输料方向与二级裂解筒体4的输料方向相反。以保证二级裂解筒体4中的碳化料充分反应。
在本实施例中，二级裂解筒体4的出料口与加热筒2连通，加热筒2为燃烧筒，用于燃烧能源物质产生热量。如此设置，二级裂解筒体4中的碳化料裂解反应完成产生的固体废物还可以作为能源物质进入燃烧筒中进一步燃烧产生热量，从而提高了物料的利用率，节约了能源物质的消耗。当然，二级裂解筒体4的出料口还可以直接与一级裂解筒体3的出料口连通，直接排出裂解设备。
进一步地，如图3所示，本实施例中的裂解设备还包括螺旋设置于一级裂解筒体3的外筒壁且位于燃烧筒内的推料螺旋10，推料螺旋10的外周边缘靠近燃烧筒的内筒壁。
工作时，二级裂解筒体4中的固体废料进入燃烧筒后，推料螺旋10随一级裂解筒体3的转动而旋转，推料螺旋10将燃烧筒内的能源物质由燃烧筒的一端推送到另一端，避免了固体能源物质在燃烧筒内的集中堆积，使固体能源物质燃烧更加均匀和充分，提高了燃烧筒的燃烧效率，进而提高了裂解设备的热效率。
进一步地，在本实施例中，推料螺旋10的推料方向与一级裂解筒体3的物料输送方向相同，即推料螺旋10为推料方向与二级裂解筒体4的物料输送方向相反。二级裂解筒体4中的固体废料从出料口出来进入燃烧筒后，推料螺旋10将燃烧筒内的固体物料反向推送至另一端，使能源物质移动的方向与二级裂解筒体4内的物料的移动方向相反，保证了燃烧筒的能源物质燃烧产生的热量与二级裂解筒体4内物料吸收的热量相互平衡，提高热量的利用率。当然，推料螺旋10的推料方向与二级裂解筒体4中的物料输送方向还可以相同。
作为优化，在本实施例中，推料螺旋10为连续螺旋或分段螺旋，即推料螺旋10为一个完整的连续的螺旋结构，或者推料螺旋10为由多段轴向排布的螺旋结构组成的分段螺旋。只要能够实现燃烧筒内的固体能源物质的移动即可，并不局限于本实施例所列举的结构形式。
进一步地，在本实施例中，推料螺旋10为片状螺旋，片状螺旋为一单片 板材螺旋绕制在一级裂解筒体3的外壁，结构简单。当然，推料螺旋10为还可以为双层板材围成的螺旋墙体结构，只是结构复杂，但同样能够起到推料的作用。
进一步地，在本实施例中，一级裂解筒体3的进料端和出料端内设置有翻料导料机构6。随着一级裂解筒体3的旋转，通过进料端内中的翻料导料机构6实现进料端内的物料进入螺旋物料通道8，通过出料端中的翻料导料机构6实现螺旋物料通道8中的物料进入出料口，排出一级裂解筒体3。
如图7所示，作为优化，在本实施例中，翻料导料机构6包括多个沿圆周方向排布且固定于一级裂解筒体3的内筒壁上的V形翻料板61或弧形翻料板，V形翻料板61的凹角朝向和弧形翻料板的内凹面朝向均与一级裂解筒体3的旋转方向相同，V形翻料板61和弧形翻料板的一端均与一级裂解筒体3的出料端内端面固定，另一端为自由端。其中，V形翻料板61由两个板组合形成V形结构。
以V形翻料板61为例进行说明，其工作原理是：随着一级裂解筒体3的旋转，物料不断进入V形翻料板61的进口端，由于V形翻料板61的凹角朝向与一级裂解筒体3的旋转方向相同，因此，V形翻料板61由低处向高处移动的过程中，将一级裂解筒体3筒壁上的物料提起，使物料向出料端方向移动积聚于凹角处，随着V形翻料板61由高处向低处移动的过程中，积聚于凹角处的物料开始抛洒的同时，物料沿V形翻料板61靠近出料端的一个板移动至出料端的出料口，实现了物料的翻料和导出。
同理地，弧形翻料板在由低处向高处移动的过程中，将一级裂解筒体3的筒壁上的物料移动至内凹面处，弧形翻料板在由高处向低处移动的过程中，将内凹面处的物料抛洒并沿弧形翻料板的板面导出至出料口。
进一步地，在本实施例中，V形翻料板61的凹角处挡板还设置有挡板62，用于兜料，通过挡板62更好地积聚物料，将物料提成至高处进行抛洒。同理地，弧形翻料板的内凹处也设置有挡板62，用于兜料。
如图1所示，在本实施例中，裂解设备还包括进料螺旋1，进料螺旋1与一级裂解筒体3的进口连接，具体地，进料螺旋1与一级裂解筒体3的进口转 动密封连接，物料通过进料螺旋1输送进入一级裂解筒体3的进口。通过进料螺旋1实现了连续进料。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种裂解设备，其特征在于，包括：
    一级裂解筒体(3)，所述一级裂解筒体(3)的筒壁开设有物料通孔(51)；
    二级裂解筒体(4)，所述二级裂解筒体(4)呈螺旋状缠绕设置于所述一级裂解筒体(3)的筒壁外，所述二级裂解筒体(4)通过所述物料通孔(51)与所述一级裂解筒体(3)连通，用于将所述一级裂解筒体(3)中的未完全裂解的固体物料通入所述二级裂解筒体(4)中；
    加热筒(2)，所述加热筒(2)密封套设于所述一级裂解筒体(3)的外周，所述一级裂解筒体(3)相对固定设置的所述加热筒(2)做旋转运动，所述二级裂解筒体(4)位于所述加热筒(2)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述二级裂解筒体(4)为单向螺旋筒体，所述单向螺旋筒体的螺旋方向由所述一级裂解筒体(3)的进料端指向所述一级裂解筒体(3)的出料端，所述物料通孔(51)靠近所述一级裂解筒体(3)的出料端设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述二级裂解筒体(4)为双向螺旋筒体，所述物料通孔(51)与所述双向螺旋筒体的两个螺旋交汇处连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，还包括环形筛腔体(5)，所述环形筛腔体(5)环绕固定于所述一级裂解筒体(3)的筒壁外，所述物料通孔(51)位于所述环形筛腔体(5)内，且所述物料通孔(51)为筛孔，所述二级裂解筒体(4)与所述环形筛腔体(5)连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述一级裂解筒体(3)内的与所述一级裂解筒体(3)内部隔离的气体连通腔体(7)，所述气体连通腔体(7)与所述加热筒(2)通过开设于所述一级裂解筒体(3)的筒壁的连通孔(9)气体连通，用于将所述加热筒(2)的加热气体引入所述气体连通腔体(7)中，所述气体连通腔体(7)的腔体壁用于与所述一级裂解筒体(3)内的物料传热。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述气体连通腔体(7) 为一个连续的腔体结构或为多个分体的腔体结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述气体连通腔体(7)为一组或多组螺旋结构腔体，所述螺旋结构腔体沿所述一级裂解筒体(3)的轴向螺旋延伸，所述螺旋结构腔体的侧壁与所述一级裂解筒体(3)的筒壁形成螺旋物料通道(8)，所述螺旋结构腔体与所述一级裂解筒体(3)相贴合或共用的筒壁上开设有一个或多个所述连通孔(9)，多个所述连通孔(9)沿螺旋方向布置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述螺旋结构腔体为环形螺旋结构腔体，所述环形螺旋结构腔体的内圈与所述一级裂解筒体(3)的轴线之间存在径向间距。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述螺旋结构腔体的螺旋方向与所述二级裂解筒体(4)的螺旋方向相反。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述二级裂解筒体(4)的出料口与所述加热筒(2)连通，所述加热筒(2)为燃烧筒，用于燃烧能源物质产生热量。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，还包括螺旋设置于所述一级裂解筒体(3)的外筒壁且位于所述燃烧筒内的推料螺旋(10)，所述推料螺旋(10)的外周边缘靠近所述燃烧筒的内筒壁。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述推料螺旋(10)的推料方向与所述一级裂解筒体(3)的物料输送方向相同。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述推料螺旋(10)为连续螺旋或分段螺旋。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的裂解设备，其特征在于，所述推料螺旋(10)为片状螺旋。
PCT/CN2020/107630 2019-10-29 2020-08-07 一种裂解设备 WO2021082596A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911039302.9A CN112745872B (zh) 2019-10-29 2019-10-29 一种裂解设备
CN201911039302.9 2019-10-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021082596A1 true WO2021082596A1 (zh) 2021-05-06

Family

ID=75640158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/107630 WO2021082596A1 (zh) 2019-10-29 2020-08-07 一种裂解设备

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112745872B (zh)
WO (1) WO2021082596A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113493697A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-10-12 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 一种高盐含油污泥裂解装置和方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1029842A (ja) * 1996-07-18 1998-02-03 Maeda Sentan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 軽量骨材原料の予熱方法およびその方法に用いる予熱装置
CN101824333A (zh) * 2010-05-07 2010-09-08 华东理工大学 一种基于场协同效应的裂解炉管
CN103773402A (zh) * 2014-01-18 2014-05-07 袁美娟 筒外环管球封式双筒回转热解窑
CN105546975A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2016-05-04 中国庆华能源集团有限公司 一种两段式回转热解反应器
CN205560710U (zh) * 2016-04-20 2016-09-07 方惠丰 一种锅炉高效燃烧装置
CN208222519U (zh) * 2018-03-28 2018-12-11 商丘金蓬实业股份有限公司 一种设有自动出料装置的旋转式固体废弃物裂解设备
CN208535998U (zh) * 2018-04-20 2019-02-22 河南天泰网安信息技术有限公司 一种垃圾能源化热解处理系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105349157A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2016-02-24 中国庆华能源集团有限公司 一种回转式热解反应器及热解方法
CN205241605U (zh) * 2015-12-11 2016-05-18 青岛伊诺威能源化工新技术有限公司 连续内热式固体有机物裂解炉
CN107082548B (zh) * 2017-04-27 2023-04-14 杭州钱江干燥设备有限公司 一种三回程式滚筒干燥炭化机
CN107903925A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-04-13 大连海事大学 一种螺旋推进式生物质连续热裂解多级反应装置及方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1029842A (ja) * 1996-07-18 1998-02-03 Maeda Sentan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 軽量骨材原料の予熱方法およびその方法に用いる予熱装置
CN101824333A (zh) * 2010-05-07 2010-09-08 华东理工大学 一种基于场协同效应的裂解炉管
CN103773402A (zh) * 2014-01-18 2014-05-07 袁美娟 筒外环管球封式双筒回转热解窑
CN105546975A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2016-05-04 中国庆华能源集团有限公司 一种两段式回转热解反应器
CN205560710U (zh) * 2016-04-20 2016-09-07 方惠丰 一种锅炉高效燃烧装置
CN208222519U (zh) * 2018-03-28 2018-12-11 商丘金蓬实业股份有限公司 一种设有自动出料装置的旋转式固体废弃物裂解设备
CN208535998U (zh) * 2018-04-20 2019-02-22 河南天泰网安信息技术有限公司 一种垃圾能源化热解处理系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112745872B (zh) 2024-09-10
CN112745872A (zh) 2021-05-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2021068633A1 (zh) 一种裂解设备
CN108203093B (zh) 炭化和活化设备及炭化和活化工艺
WO2021082596A1 (zh) 一种裂解设备
EP2634236B1 (en) External heating type coal material decomposition apparatus with multiple tubes
CN218723051U (zh) 一种用于锂电池负极材料的预碳化装置
CN111440629A (zh) 气固分级热解差速分级的连续式生物质炭化装置及方法
CN206308313U (zh) 一种循环热解炉及具有其的热解系统
CN211040976U (zh) 一种裂解设备
CN109628121B (zh) 一种稻壳分级联产能源化学品及硅炭材料的系统及方法
CN102250627B (zh) 活性炭制备中采用零排放式双筒旋转炭化炉的炭化系统
CN111286349A (zh) 一种基于热解炭内循环强化传热的双螺旋热解反应器
WO2021023168A1 (zh) 一种旋转裂解设备
WO2021082597A1 (zh) 一种裂解设备
CN109506228B (zh) 一个多出料管的生物质燃烧炉
CN109536186B (zh) 固体热载体法烘干热解一体式回转窑及烘干热解方法
WO2021027699A1 (zh) 一种外热回转设备
CN102249226B (zh) 活性炭制备中零排放和自供热的炭化工艺
CN214416347U (zh) 一种先外后内加热式烘干设备及裂解系统
CN212316022U (zh) 一种双层高温热解设备
WO2021082595A1 (zh) 一种裂解筒及裂解设备
WO2022165878A1 (zh) 分段式回转炉
WO2021027698A1 (zh) 一种回转设备
WO2021027760A1 (zh) 一种裂解系统和裂解工艺
CN211190217U (zh) 反应釜内设能量球循环器和板式传热组合热解物料装置
CN109207177A (zh) 热解装置和热解系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20881636

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20881636

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1