WO2021082409A1 - 一种u型钢支架及分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法 - Google Patents

一种u型钢支架及分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法 Download PDF

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WO2021082409A1
WO2021082409A1 PCT/CN2020/091710 CN2020091710W WO2021082409A1 WO 2021082409 A1 WO2021082409 A1 WO 2021082409A1 CN 2020091710 W CN2020091710 W CN 2020091710W WO 2021082409 A1 WO2021082409 A1 WO 2021082409A1
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arc
cross brace
roadway
cable plate
shaped steel
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PCT/CN2020/091710
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李桂臣
孙元田
常庆粮
毕瑞阳
何锦涛
孙长伦
梁巨理
张苏辉
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中国矿业大学
徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021082409A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082409A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/34—Joints between vertical props and horizontal top bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs
    • E21D17/01—Caps for supporting mine roofs characterised by the shape of the cap, e.g. of specified cross-section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs
    • E21D17/10—Details of mine caps for engaging the tops of pit-props, with or without retaining-plates; Retaining-plates

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine support, and in particular relates to a U-shaped steel support and a method for controlling the surrounding rock of a roadway by grading active loading.
  • the U-shaped steel support is a passive support, with high tensile strength and compressive strength, as well as good toughness.
  • the U-shaped steel support method is more common.
  • the traditional U-shaped steel support has a weaker ability to withstand the lateral pressure than the top pressure.
  • the traditional U-shaped steel support is a passive support, which has no effect on the high-stress support of the deep roadway.
  • the main reasons are as follows: 1.
  • the top beam and the shed legs are connected as a whole through connectors, and the structure mainly depends on the transfer between the connectors to exert the bearing capacity. Only after a certain amount of deformation of the surrounding rock occurs and sufficient bearing capacity is generated, the support system can bear the bearing function, and cannot actively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, which belongs to the form of passive support; 2.
  • the commonly used U-shaped steel support can only be subjected to passive force. , It is impossible to adjust the supporting force reasonably according to the pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock, increase the support strength, and effectively control the development of deformation, but the surrounding rock can only be allowed to creep, resulting in accumulated large deformation, resulting in the reduction of the roadway section and affecting the use function; 3.
  • the trapezoidal U-shaped steel bracket is often distorted due to the lack of overall rigidity, resulting in a certain amount of damage.
  • the leg section of the shed is often bent and deformed due to the lack of local rigidity, and the U-shaped steel connecting section often resists shrinking, causing damage to the bracket.
  • the present invention provides a U-shaped steel support and a method for controlling the surrounding rock of a roadway by grading active loading.
  • the support has an active support function, has strong overall rigidity, and can be adjusted reasonably according to the pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock.
  • the supporting force can effectively improve the support strength; this method can provide a hierarchical active loading support method, which can effectively realize the passive loading method of the U-shaped steel support as the active loading method, which can form effective support for the roadway, and can effectively Improve the safety of production in coal mines.
  • the present invention provides a U-shaped steel bracket, which includes a beam, two shed legs arranged at both ends of the beam, an arc-shaped cross brace made of U-shaped steel, an upper cable plate, a lower cable plate, and two Lengthen the cross brace loading bolt rod; the upper end of the shed leg is fixedly connected with the end of the cross beam through a connecting piece,
  • the arc-shaped cross brace is arranged at the lower part of the crossbeam, the arc top is arranged close to the crossbeam, and its two ends are respectively buckled on the outside of the inner sides of the two shed legs, and are in sliding contact and cooperation with the shed legs;
  • the upper cable plate is straddled above the middle of the beam; the lower cable plate is straddled below the middle of the arc cross brace;
  • Two elongated transverse brace loading bolt rods respectively pass through the through holes of the upper cable plate and the lower cable plate on both sides of the beam and the arc-shaped cross brace, and are connected with the lock nut through threaded fit.
  • the rigidity of the arc cross brace is greater, and it will have a greater rigidity after deformation.
  • Larger restoring force in this way, through the elastic deformation of the arc-shaped cross brace, the outer support force can be applied to the two shed legs, which can make the steel bracket have the active support ability, rather than the two shed legs being squeezed by external force. Supporting force is given passively, which realizes the reliable reinforcement of the steel bracket and effectively improves its bearing capacity.
  • the upper cable plate, the lower cable plate and two lengthened cross brace loading bolt rods connect the cross beam and the arc cross brace, and the distance between the arc top of the arc cross brace and the cross beam can be conveniently adjusted according to different working conditions. In turn, it can realize hierarchical loading, can easily change the active support force, strengthen the bearing capacity of the support, can reliably support the roadway more effectively, and ensure the safe production of the mining industry.
  • the size of the end opening of the arc-shaped cross brace is adapted to the size of the inner side of the shed leg. Fit with the two sides of the inner side of the shed leg.
  • the elongated transverse brace loading bolt rod is made of a cylindrical high-strength metal material.
  • the present invention also provides a method for controlling the surrounding rock of a roadway by active loading in stages, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Lay out the trapezoidal U-shaped steel bracket
  • Step 2 Install arc cross brace
  • Step 3 Connect the arc cross brace and the beam
  • Step 4 Carry out active loading of supporting force
  • Step 5 Fully support the roadway
  • steps 1 to 4 are repeated in turn at certain intervals to carry out comprehensive support of the roadway.
  • the elongated transverse brace loading bolt rod is made of a cylindrical high-strength metal material.
  • the operation process of this method is simple. It only needs to add arc cross brace inside the trapezoidal U-shaped steel bracket, and establish the arc cross brace through the upper cable plate, the lower cable plate and two extended cross brace loading bolt rods.
  • the connection of the crossbeam that is, different levels of load force can be applied according to the deformation of the arc cross brace, and the existing passive support method can be changed to the active support method.
  • This method can realize hierarchical active loading, can reasonably adjust the supporting force according to the pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock, and effectively control the development of the surrounding rock deformation, thereby greatly improving the support strength and the reliability of the support.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the middle part of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state when the deformation of the arc cross brace reaches the maximum in the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the middle part of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped cross brace in cooperation with the shed legs in the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a U-shaped steel bracket, which includes a cross beam 1, two shed legs 4 arranged at both ends of the cross beam 1, an arc-shaped cross brace 5 made of U-shaped steel, and an upper cable Plate 2, lower cable plate 7 and two lengthened transverse bracing loading bolt rods 6; the upper end of the shed leg 4 is fixedly connected with the end of the beam 1 through the connecting piece 3; the beam 1 and the shed leg 4 cannot be made of U-shaped steel to make;
  • the arc cross brace 5 is arranged at the lower part of the beam 1, and its arc top is arranged close to the beam 1, and its two ends are respectively buckled on the outside of the inner sides of the two shed legs 4, and are in sliding contact with the shed legs 4 Cooperate; In the actual support, the arc cross brace 5 is set close to the top of the roadway to minimize the occupation of the roadway space.
  • the upper cable clamping plate 2 is straddled above the middle of the beam 1; the lower clamping cable plate 7 is straddled below the middle of the arc-shaped cross brace 5; as a preference, the upper clamping cable plate 2 and the lower clamping cable plate 7 can be manufactured according to the size of the cross beam 1 and the arc-shaped cross brace 5.
  • Two elongated transverse brace loading bolt rods 6 respectively pass through the through holes on the upper cable plate 2 and the lower cable plate 7 on both sides of the beam 1 and the arc-shaped cross brace 5, and are matched with the lock nut 8 through threads. connection.
  • the size of the end opening of the arc-shaped cross brace 5 matches the size of the inner side of the shed leg 4, and the end of the arc-shaped cross brace 5 fits the two sides of the inner side of the shed leg 4 in a consistent manner. In this way, the contact area between the arc-shaped cross brace 5 and the shed leg 4 can be increased, so that the supporting force can be better transmitted.
  • the elongated transverse brace loading bolt rod 6 is made of a cylindrical high-strength metal material.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling the surrounding rock of a roadway by grading active loading, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Lay out the trapezoidal U-shaped steel bracket
  • the beam 1 and the shed leg 4 are connected as a whole through the connecting piece 3, and arranged in the corresponding position of the roadway.
  • the upper cable plate 2 is arranged above the middle of the beam 1, and the middle of the upper cable plate 2 is recessed upward
  • the area is buckled on the upper part of the opening surface of the beam 1 to facilitate subsequent cooperation with the lower cable plate 7 to connect the arc-shaped cross brace 5 with the beam 1;
  • Step 2 Install arc cross brace 5;
  • Step 3 Connect the arc cross brace 5 and the cross beam 1;
  • a lower cable clamp plate 7 is set below the middle of the arc-shaped cross brace 5, and the downwardly recessed area of the lower cable plate 7 is buckled on the outside of the arc-shaped cross brace 5, and the tops on both sides of the lower cable plate 7 protrude upward.
  • the raised protrusion abuts against the upper end of the outer side of the arc cross brace 5; two elongated cross brace loading bolt rods 6 located on both sides of the cross beam 1 and the arc cross brace 5 pass through the upper cable plate 2 and the lower cable plate 2 in turn.
  • the cable clamp plate 7, and the lower cable clamp plate 7 is connected to the lock nut 8 through threaded fit;
  • Step 4 Carry out active loading of supporting force
  • the arc cross brace 5 is used to apply supporting force to the shed legs 4 on both sides, and the passive support is turned into active support; as the distance between the arc cross brace 5 and the beam 1 decreases, the arc cross brace 5 produces The greater the deformation, the greater the load applied to the two-phase shed leg 4, when the arc cross brace 5 is in contact with the cross beam 1, the deformation of the arc cross brace 5 reaches the maximum, and the load force applied to the shed leg 4 is the largest. The supporting force of the shed leg 4 is also maximized.
  • Step 5 Fully support the roadway
  • steps 1 to 4 are repeated at certain intervals to carry out the comprehensive support of the roadway.
  • the elongated transverse brace loading bolt rod 6 is made of a cylindrical high-strength metal material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种U型钢支架，其包括横梁（1）和设置在横梁（1）两端的两个棚腿（4），棚腿（4）通过连接件（3）连接在横梁（1）的两端，弧形横撑（5）设置在横梁（1）的下部，上卡缆板（2）和下卡缆板（7）分别设置在横梁（1）的上方和弧形横撑（5）下方，并通过两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆（6）连接，该支架具有主动支护功能，整体刚度强，能根据围岩压力及变形情况合理调整支撑力，可以有效提高支护强度。还公开了一种分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法，其包括以下步骤：布设梯形U型钢支架；加装弧形横撑（5）；连接弧形横撑（5）与横梁（1）；进行支护力的主动加载；对巷道进行全面支护。该方法能提供一种分级主动加载的支护方式，能有效实现U型钢支架的被动加载方式为主动加载方式，可对巷道形成有效的支护，能有效提高煤矿的安全生产工作。

Description

一种U型钢支架及分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法 技术领域
本发明属于煤矿支护技术领域，具体涉及一种U型钢支架及分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法。
背景技术
随着煤矿开采深度的加大，面临的支护难度也越来越大，深部巷道在高地应力作用下，巷道围岩破碎严重，变形量大，造成巷道维护成本高，使用周期短，增加了施工难度，严重影响了煤矿安全生产工作。U型钢支架是一种被动支护，其抗拉强度、抗压强度较高，同时具有良好的韧性性能。
目前采用U型钢支护的方式较为普遍，传统的U型钢支架承受侧向压力的能力较承受顶部压力的能力弱，传统的U型钢支护为被动式支护，对深部巷道高应力支护效果不明显，其主要原因如下：1、传统的梯形U型钢支架，顶部的横梁与棚腿通过连接件连接成一个整体，结构内主要靠连接件之间传递发挥承载力。只有围岩发生一定变形，并产生足够的承载力后，这种支护体系才能发生承载作用，不能主动控制围岩变形，属于被动支护形式；2、常用的U型钢支架只能被动受力，无法根据围岩压力及变形情况合理调整支撑力，提高支护强度，有效控制变形发展，只能任围岩发生蠕变，产生积累大变形，导致巷道断面减缩，影响使用功能；3、受高地应力的影响，梯形U型钢支架常由于整体刚度不足，造成支架扭曲，形成一定的破坏，棚腿段常因局部刚度不足发生弯折变形，U型钢连接段常发生拒缩，造成支架损坏。传统U型钢支架在受到集中矿山压力作用时，易造成支架被压垮，局部失稳现象的发生，影响巷道的支护效果，更换也具有很大的危险性，因此，急需一种分级主动加载的支架进行有效的支护。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种U型钢支架及分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法，该支架具有主动支护功能，整体刚度强，能根据围岩压力及变形情况合理调整支撑力，可以有效提高支护强度；该方法能提供一种分级主动加载的支护方式，能有效 实现U型钢支架的被动加载方式为主动加载方式，可对巷道形成有效的支护，能有效提高煤矿的安全生产工作。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种U型钢支架，包括横梁、设置在横梁两端的两个棚腿、由U型钢制成的弧形横撑、上卡缆板、下卡缆板和两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆；所述棚腿的上端通过连接件与横梁的端部固定连接，
所述弧形横撑设置在横梁的下部，其弧顶靠近横梁地设置，且其两端部分别卡扣在两个棚腿内侧的外部，并与棚腿之间滑动接触配合；
所述上卡缆板跨设在横梁的中部上方；所述下卡缆板跨设在弧形横撑的中部下方；
两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆分别于横梁及弧形横撑的两侧依次穿过上卡缆板和下卡缆板上的通孔，并通过螺纹配合与锁紧螺母连接。
在该技术方案中，通过使弧形横撑设置在横梁的下部，并使弧形横撑的两端部与棚腿的内侧卡扣配合，弧形横撑的刚性较大，变形后会具有较大的恢复力，这样，通过弧形横撑的弹性形变可以对两根棚腿施加向外侧的支撑力，进而可以使钢支架具有主动支撑能力，而非两根棚腿受到外力挤压才能被动地进行支护力的给予，实现了对钢支架的可靠加固，有效地提高了其承载能力。通过上卡缆板、下卡缆板和两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆连接横梁和弧形横撑，可以根据不同的工况便捷地调整弧形横撑的弧顶与横梁之间的距离，进而能实现分级加载，可以便捷地改变主动支撑力，强化了支架的承载能力，能够更有效地对巷道进行可靠的支护，保证了矿业的安全生产工作。
进一步，为了保证弧形横撑的端部与棚腿之间能够可靠的配合，所述弧形横撑的端部开口的尺寸与棚腿内侧的尺寸相适配，弧形横撑的部端与棚腿内侧的两侧面吻合地配合。
进一步，为了保证承载强度，所述加长横撑加载螺栓杆采用圆柱形高强度金属材料制成。
本发明还提供了一种分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：布设梯形U型钢支架；
将横梁与棚腿通过连接件连接成一个整体，并布置在巷道相应位置，同时，将上卡缆板设置在横梁中部的上方，并使上卡缆板中部向上凹陷的区域扣设在横梁开口面的上部；
步骤2：加装弧形横撑；
将U型钢制成的弧形横撑安装在梯形U型钢支架的内部，并使弧形横撑的弧顶靠近横梁地设置，使弧形横撑的两个端部分别吻合地卡扣在两个棚腿内侧的外部；
步骤3：连接弧形横撑与横梁；
在弧形横撑中部的下方设置下卡缆板，并使下卡缆板中部向下凹陷的区域扣设在弧形横撑的外侧，下卡缆板两侧顶部向上凸起的突部与弧形横撑外侧上端限位抵接；通过位于横梁及弧形横撑的两侧的两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆依次穿过上卡缆板和下卡缆板，并于下卡缆板通过螺纹配合连接锁紧螺母；
步骤4：进行支护力的主动加载；
根据巷道围岩两侧的应力状态，拧紧两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆上部的锁紧螺母，使下卡缆板带动弧形横撑弧顶的部分向靠近横梁的方向移动，通过弧形横撑来给两侧的棚腿施加支撑力，将被动支护转为主动支护；
步骤5：对巷道进行全面支护；
根据巷道的实际情况，按照一定的间隔，依次重复步骤1至4，进行巷道的全面支护。
作为一种优选，所述加长横撑加载螺栓杆采用圆柱形高强度金属材料制成。
本方法操作过程简单，仅需要在梯形的U形钢支架的内部加设弧形横撑，并通过上卡缆板、下卡缆板和两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆建立弧形横撑和横梁的连接，即可以根据弧形横撑的变形量的不同来施加不同级别的荷载力，可以改变现有的被动支护方式为主动支护方式。本方法能实现分级主动加载，可以根据围岩的压力及变形情况合理地调整支撑力，对围岩变形的发展进行有效的控制，从而可以极大地提高支护强度和支护的可靠性，可有效避免局部失稳现象的出现，极大的提升了对巷道的支护效果，提高了巷道的使用寿命，确保了煤矿生产工作的安全性。尤其适用于高地应力作用下，围岩破碎，变形量大的深部巷道的支护环境，具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是图1中部的纵截面示意图；
图3是本发明中弧形横撑变形量达到最大时的状态示意图；
图4是图3中部的纵截面示意图；
图5是本发明中弧形横撑与棚腿相配合的示意图。
图中：1、横梁，2、上卡缆板，3、连接件，4、棚腿，5、弧形横撑，6、加长横撑加载螺栓杆，7、下卡缆板，8、锁紧螺母。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1至图5所示，本发明提供了一种U型钢支架，包括横梁1、设置在横梁1两端的两个棚腿4、由U型钢制成的弧形横撑5、上卡缆板2、下卡缆板7和两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆6；所述棚腿4的上端通过连接件3与横梁1的端部固定连接；横梁1和棚腿4无法采用U型钢制成；
所述弧形横撑5设置在横梁1的下部，其弧顶靠近横梁1地设置，且其两端部分别卡扣在两个棚腿4内侧的外部，并与棚腿4之间滑动接触配合；在实际支护中，弧形横撑5靠近巷道顶部地设置，以对巷道空间的占有量最小。
所述上卡缆板2跨设在横梁1的中部上方；所述下卡缆板7跨设在弧形横撑5的中部下方；作为一种优选，上卡缆板2和下卡缆板7可以根据实现横梁1和弧形横撑5的尺寸进行适配性的制造。
两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆6分别于横梁1及弧形横撑5的两侧依次穿过上卡缆板2和下卡缆板7上的通孔，并通过螺纹配合与锁紧螺母8连接。
所述弧形横撑5的端部开口的尺寸与棚腿4内侧的尺寸相适配，弧形横撑5的部端与棚腿4内侧的两侧面吻合地配合。这样，可以增加弧形横撑5与棚腿4的接触面积，从而能更好的传递支撑力。
所述加长横撑加载螺栓杆6采用圆柱形高强度金属材料制成。
本发明提供了一种分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：布设梯形U型钢支架；
将横梁1与棚腿4通过连接件3连接成一个整体，并布置在巷道相应位置，同时，将上卡缆板2设置在横梁1中部的上方，并使上卡缆板2中部向上凹陷的区域扣设在横梁1开口 面的上部，以便于后续与下卡缆板7进行配合将弧形横撑5与横梁1进行连接；
步骤2：加装弧形横撑5；
将U型钢制成的弧形横撑5安装在梯形U型钢支架的内部，并使弧形横撑5的弧顶靠近横梁1地设置，使弧形横撑5的两个端部分别吻合地卡扣在两个棚腿4内侧的外部；
步骤3：连接弧形横撑5与横梁1；
在弧形横撑5中部的下方设置下卡缆板7，并使下卡缆板7中部向下凹陷的区域扣设在弧形横撑5的外侧，下卡缆板7两侧顶部向上凸起的突部与弧形横撑5外侧上端限位抵接；通过位于横梁1及弧形横撑5的两侧的两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆6依次穿过上卡缆板2和下卡缆板7，并于下卡缆板7通过螺纹配合连接锁紧螺母8；
步骤4：进行支护力的主动加载；
根据巷道围岩两侧的应力状态，拧紧两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆6上部的锁紧螺母8，使下卡缆板7带动弧形横撑5弧顶的部分向靠近横梁1的方向移动，通过弧形横撑5来给两侧的棚腿4施加支撑力，将被动支护转为主动支护；随着弧形横撑5与横梁1距离的减少，弧形横撑5产生的变形越大，对两相棚腿4施加的荷载力越大，当弧形横撑5与横梁1接触时，弧形横撑5的变形量达到最大，对棚腿4施加的荷载力最大，棚腿4的支撑力也达到最大。
步骤5：对巷道进行全面支护；
根据巷道的实际情况，按照一定的间隔，依次重复步骤1至4，进行巷道的全面支护。
所述加长横撑加载螺栓杆6采用圆柱形高强度金属材料制成。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种U型钢支架，包括横梁(1)和设置在横梁(1)两端的两个棚腿(4)，所述棚腿(4)的上端通过连接件(3)与横梁(1)的端部固定连接，其特征在于，还包括由U型钢制成的弧形横撑(5)、上卡缆板(2)、下卡缆板(7)和两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆(6)；
    所述弧形横撑(5)设置在横梁(1)的下部，其弧顶靠近横梁(1)地设置，且其两端部分别卡扣在两个棚腿(4)内侧的外部，并与棚腿(4)之间滑动接触配合；
    所述上卡缆板(2)跨设在横梁(1)的中部上方；所述下卡缆板(7)跨设在弧形横撑(5)的中部下方；
    两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆(6)分别于横梁(1)及弧形横撑(5)的两侧依次穿过上卡缆板(2)和下卡缆板(7)上的通孔，并通过螺纹配合与锁紧螺母(8)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种U型钢支架，其特征在于，所述弧形横撑(5)的端部开口的尺寸与棚腿(4)内侧的尺寸相适配，弧形横撑(5)的部端与棚腿(4)内侧的两侧面吻合地配合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种U型钢支架，其特征在于，所述加长横撑加载螺栓杆(6)采用圆柱形高强度金属材料制成。
  4. 一种分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：布设梯形U型钢支架；
    将横梁(1)与棚腿(4)通过连接件(3)连接成一个整体，并布置在巷道相应位置，同时，将上卡缆板(2)设置在横梁(1)中部的上方，并使上卡缆板(2)中部向上凹陷的区域扣设在横梁(1)开口面的上部；
    步骤2：加装弧形横撑(5)；
    将U型钢制成的弧形横撑(5)安装在梯形U型钢支架的内部，并使弧形横撑(5)的弧顶靠近横梁(1)地设置，使弧形横撑(5)的两个端部分别吻合地卡扣在两个棚腿(4)内侧的外部；
    步骤3：连接弧形横撑(5)与横梁(1)；
    在弧形横撑(5)中部的下方设置下卡缆板(7)，并使下卡缆板(7)中部向下凹陷的区 域扣设在弧形横撑(5)的外侧，下卡缆板(7)两侧顶部向上凸起的突部与弧形横撑(5)外侧上端限位抵接；通过位于横梁(1)及弧形横撑(5)的两侧的两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆(6)依次穿过上卡缆板(2)和下卡缆板(7)，并于下卡缆板(7)通过螺纹配合连接锁紧螺母(8)；
    步骤4：进行支护力的主动加载；
    根据巷道围岩两侧的应力状态，拧紧两根加长横撑加载螺栓杆(6)上部的锁紧螺母(8)，使下卡缆板(7)带动弧形横撑(5)弧顶的部分向靠近横梁(1)的方向移动，通过弧形横撑(5)来给两侧的棚腿(4)施加支撑力，将被动支护转为主动支护；
    步骤5：对巷道进行全面支护；
    根据巷道的实际情况，按照一定的间隔，依次重复步骤1至4，进行巷道的全面支护。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法，其特征在于，所述加长横撑加载螺栓杆(6)采用圆柱形高强度金属材料制成。
PCT/CN2020/091710 2019-10-28 2020-05-22 一种u型钢支架及分级主动加载控制巷道围岩的方法 WO2021082409A1 (zh)

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