WO2021082031A1 - 一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计 - Google Patents

一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082031A1
WO2021082031A1 PCT/CN2019/115557 CN2019115557W WO2021082031A1 WO 2021082031 A1 WO2021082031 A1 WO 2021082031A1 CN 2019115557 W CN2019115557 W CN 2019115557W WO 2021082031 A1 WO2021082031 A1 WO 2021082031A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
receiving
transmitting
feed
waveguide
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PCT/CN2019/115557
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
呼秀山
夏阳
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北京锐达仪表有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201911041088.0A external-priority patent/CN110567557A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201921852220.1U external-priority patent/CN210664666U/zh
Application filed by 北京锐达仪表有限公司 filed Critical 北京锐达仪表有限公司
Publication of WO2021082031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082031A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the technical field of radar level gauges, and specifically relates to a pulse radar level gauge for measuring the material level in a container.
  • the pulse radar level gauge is a kind of radar level gauge, as shown in Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of the pulse radar level gauge in the related technology.
  • Processing module 1 is a device responsible for data processing.
  • Processing module 1 controls the generation of two microwave pulse signals with stable frequency difference through difference frequency controller 2, specifically: difference frequency controller 2 for difference frequency Calculation and frequency control, control the first clock pulse source 3 to generate the first clock pulse signal, the first microwave pulse source 4 receives the first clock pulse signal and generates the first microwave pulse signal, the difference frequency controller 2 controls the second clock pulse source 5 Generate a second clock pulse signal.
  • the second microwave pulse source 6 receives the second clock pulse signal and generates a second microwave pulse signal. There is a stable frequency difference between the first microwave pulse signal and the second microwave pulse signal.
  • the signal transmission and reception of the pulse radar level gauge use a microwave path 100 (the following is represented by the microwave path 100 shared by transmission and reception), and the radio frequency connectors (100a, 100a, 100b), the radio frequency cable 100c, the feed source 100d, the waveguide 100e, and the antenna 100f are all shared for transmission and reception, and the branch line coupler 7 is used to complete the isolation of signal transmission and reception.
  • FIG. 2 FIG. 2
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of a branch line coupler 7 in the related art, which has four ports A, B, C, and D, wherein port A is connected to the first microwave pulse source 4, Port B is connected to mixer 8, port C is connected to the microwave path 100 shared by transmitting and receiving, and port D is connected to absorber 9.
  • port A is used as input, port C and port D are output ports, and port B is an isolated port ;
  • port C is used as input, ports A and B are output ends, and port D is an isolated end.
  • the first microwave pulse signal output by port C enters the shared microwave path 100 for transmission and reception, and the first microwave pulse signal output by port D
  • the signal enters the absorber 9 and is absorbed by the absorber 9.
  • the first microwave pulse signal output by port C forms an electromagnetic wave through the shared microwave path 100 for transmission and reception, and transmits it to the target.
  • the electromagnetic wave reflected by the target is received through the shared microwave path 100 for transmission and reception, and converted into a reflected signal, and transmitted
  • the microwave path 100 shared by the receiving and receiving signals inputs the transmission signal through port C.
  • the transmission signal output by port A is sent to the first microwave pulse source 4 and will not be received; the transmission signal output by port B is sent to the mixer 8, and the reflected signal is received by the mixer 8.
  • the mixer 8 also receives the second microwave pulse signal from the second microwave pulse source 6, and the mixer 8 mixes the reflected signal with the second microwave pulse signal to obtain a mixed signal.
  • the mixer 8 transmits the mixed signal to the intermediate frequency amplifier 10 to amplify the signal.
  • the intermediate frequency amplifier 10 outputs the amplified signal to the A/D conversion module, and the processing module 1 collects the mixed signal from the A/D conversion module 11. , And then process this signal to get the level distance.
  • the first microwave pulse signal of the first microwave pulse source 4 is used as When the transmit signal is input from port A of the branch line coupler 7, a small part of it will leak out from port B and leak into the mixer 8.
  • the transmit signal output from port C is transmitting and receiving the common microwave
  • the impedance matching of each connection point in the microwave channel 100 shared by the sending and receiving can not be perfect, for example, the RF connector (100a, 100b), the RF cable 100c, the feed 100d, the waveguide 100e and the antenna
  • the connection structure such as 100f cannot achieve perfect matching, which will cause part of the transmitted signal transmitted in the shared microwave path 100 for transmission and reception to be directly reflected back, and then enter the branch line coupler 7 from port C of the branch line coupler 7.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement result of the pulse radar level meter
  • Figure 4 is another schematic diagram of the measurement result of the pulse radar level meter
  • I is the factor A small part of the transmitted signal leaked from port C due to insufficient isolation of the branch coupler 7, and the part of the transmitted signal that is directly reflected back in the shared microwave path 100 for transmitting and receiving, forms a near-end interference wave
  • II is the target ⁇ reflected wave.
  • Figure 3 shows the situation where the target is far away from the pulse radar level meter.
  • the near-end interference wave and the target reflected wave can be effectively distinguished, and when the target is closer to the pulse radar level meter , As shown in Figure 4, due to the interference of the near-end interference wave, the reflected wave of the target object cannot be effectively identified, thereby forming a near-end measurement blind zone, resulting in unreliable near-end measurement of the pulse radar level gauge.
  • the present application provides a pulse radar level gauge for measuring the material level in a container, which helps to solve the problem of the near-end measurement blind area of the pulse radar level gauge. In turn, the measurement reliability of the pulse radar level gauge is improved.
  • This application provides a pulse radar level gauge for measuring the level of materials in a container, including:
  • the first microwave pulse source is used to generate the first microwave pulse signal
  • the transmitting path is used to receive the first microwave pulse signal generated by the first microwave pulse source to form an electromagnetic wave to emit to the target;
  • the receiving path is used to receive the electromagnetic waves reflected by the target and form a reflected signal
  • the second microwave pulse source is used to generate a second microwave pulse signal, wherein there is a stable frequency difference between the second microwave pulse signal and the first microwave pulse signal;
  • the mixer is used for receiving the second microwave pulse signal and the reflected signal, and mixing them to form a mixing signal for determining the level distance.
  • the emission path is arranged in a vertical direction, has a certain spatial span in the electromagnetic wave emission direction from top to bottom, and includes:
  • a transmitting feed source for receiving the first microwave pulse signal and converting it into an electromagnetic wave
  • a transmitting antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitting feed source to the target
  • the transmitting antenna has a span in the electromagnetic wave transmitting direction
  • the receiving path is arranged in a vertical direction, has a certain spatial span in the electromagnetic wave receiving direction from bottom to top, and includes:
  • the receiving antenna has a span in the electromagnetic wave emission direction
  • the receiving feed is used to convert the electromagnetic wave received by the receiving antenna into the reflected signal, and send it to the mixer.
  • the emission path further includes:
  • a transmitting waveguide for transmitting electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitting feed source to the transmitting antenna
  • the receiving path further includes:
  • the receiving waveguide is used to transmit the electromagnetic wave received by the receiving antenna to the receiving feed.
  • the transmitting feed source is directly or indirectly connected to the first microwave pulse source, and the receiving feed source is directly or indirectly connected to the mixer.
  • a signal is transmitted between the first microwave pulse source and the transmitting feed through a first radio frequency cable, and a signal is transmitted between the mixer and the receiving feed through a second radio frequency cable;
  • the transmitting feed source and the receiving feed source are both formed on the same circuit board, and the transmitting feed source is located in the transmitting antenna, and the receiving feed source is located in the receiving antenna; or,
  • the transmit path includes the transmit feed, the transmit waveguide, and the transmit antenna
  • the receive path includes the receive feed, the receive waveguide, and the receive antenna
  • the transmit feed The receiving feed sources are all formed on the circuit board, and the transmitting feed source is located in the transmitting waveguide, and the receiving feed source is located in the receiving waveguide.
  • the transmitting feed is formed by the part of the first microstrip line formed on the circuit board extending into the transmitting antenna, wherein the first microstrip line is directly connected to the first microwave pulse source And using a portion of a second microstrip line formed on the circuit board that extends into the receiving antenna to form the receiving feed, wherein the second microstrip line is directly connected to the mixer; or,
  • the transmit path includes the transmit feed, the transmit waveguide, and the transmit antenna
  • the receive path includes the receive feed, the receive waveguide, and the receive antenna
  • the transmit path includes the transmit feed and the transmit antenna, but does not include the transmit waveguide
  • the receive path includes the receive feed and the receive antenna, but does not include the receive waveguide
  • a first microstrip antenna formed on the circuit board is used to form the transmitting feed, wherein the first microstrip antenna is located in the transmitting antenna, and the first microstrip antenna is connected to the first microstrip antenna.
  • a microwave pulse source is directly connected; and a second microstrip antenna formed on the circuit board is used to form the receiving feed, wherein the second microstrip antenna is located in the receiving antenna, and the second The microstrip line is directly connected to the mixer; or,
  • the transmit path includes the transmit feed, the transmit waveguide, and the transmit antenna
  • the receive path includes the receive feed, the receive waveguide, and the receive antenna
  • use the first A microstrip antenna forms the transmission feed source, wherein the first microstrip antenna is located in the transmission waveguide, and the first microstrip antenna is directly connected to the first microwave pulse source; and the first microstrip antenna is directly connected to the first microwave pulse source;
  • Two microstrip antennas form the receiving feed, wherein the second microstrip antenna is located in the receiving waveguide, and the second microstrip line is directly connected to the mixer.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are of independent structures, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are arranged in parallel and close to each other, or arranged close to each other.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are formed separately by an antenna partition formed by a single antenna along the axial direction.
  • the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide are independent structures, and the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide are arranged side by side and attached to each other, or arranged close to each other.
  • the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide are formed separately by a waveguide partition formed in the axial direction of a single waveguide.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • a protection mechanism is used to prevent foreign objects from entering the transmitting path and the receiving path.
  • the protection mechanism includes an antenna protection cover formed at the free end antenna openings of both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
  • the protection mechanism includes: a plugging head, respectively formed in the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide, or respectively formed in the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna.
  • the bottom of the antenna shield is a planar structure, or an outer convex structure, or an inner concave structure.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are of independent structures, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are each close to the side of each other, and are connected to or close to the antenna shield.
  • the antenna partition is connected to or close to the antenna shield.
  • Both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna face the sides of the antenna shield and are attached to the antenna shield.
  • Both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna each face the side surface of the antenna shield, and a fixing mechanism for fixing the fixed antenna shield is formed.
  • the internal space formed by the radome, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is filled with an anti-deformation material capable of allowing microwaves to penetrate.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both horn antennas or lens antennas.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • a first clock pulse source connected to the first microwave pulse source
  • a second clock pulse source connected to the second microwave pulse source
  • a difference frequency controller which is respectively connected to the first clock pulse source and the second clock pulse source;
  • An intermediate frequency amplifier connected to the mixer
  • An A/D conversion module connected to the intermediate frequency module
  • the processing module is respectively connected with the difference frequency controller and the A/D conversion module.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • the display module is connected with the processing module.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • a communication module connected to the processing module; and/or,
  • the interface module is connected with the processing module.
  • the transmitting feed source and the receiving feed source are linearly polarized feed sources.
  • the transmitting feed source and the receiving feed source are circularly polarized feed sources, and the polarization directions of the two are opposite, wherein one is a left-handed polarization direction, and the other is a right-handed polarization direction.
  • the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide are cylindrical structures with a semicircular cross section, and the plane side surfaces of the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide are close to or close to each other to form a cylindrical outer contour.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are conical structures with a semicircular cross section, and the plane side surfaces of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are close to or close to each other to form a conical outer contour.
  • the pulse radar level gauge provided in this application eliminates the branch line coupler, the microwave path and absorber shared by the transmitter and receiver, and adopts independent transmission and reception paths to solve the blind area of the pulse radar level gauge near-end measurement. The problem, and then improve the measurement reliability of the pulse radar level gauge.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of a pulse radar level gauge in related technologies
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of a branch line coupler in the related art
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement result of the pulse radar level gauge
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another measurement result of the pulse radar level gauge
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse radar level gauge provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse radar level gauge provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse radar level gauge provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse radar level gauge provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure at A in Fig. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse radar level gauge provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure at B in FIG. 10.
  • This application provides a pulse radar level gauge for measuring the level of materials in a container.
  • the top of the container has an opening or a microwave-permeable window structure. Please refer to Figures 5 to 7 for the pulse radar level. Plan, including:
  • the first microwave pulse source 4 is used to generate a first microwave pulse signal
  • the transmitting path 200 is used to receive the first microwave pulse signal to form electromagnetic waves to transmit to the target;
  • the receiving path 300 is used to receive the electromagnetic waves reflected by the target and form a reflected signal
  • the second microwave pulse source 6 is used to generate a second microwave pulse signal, wherein there is a stable frequency difference between the second microwave pulse signal and the first microwave pulse signal;
  • the mixer 8 is used for receiving the second microwave pulse signal and the reflected signal, and mixing them to form a mixing signal for determining the level distance.
  • the pulse radar level gauge provided in this application (as shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7) (Shown), by discarding the branch line coupler 7, the shared microwave path 100 and absorber 9 for transmitting and receiving, and setting up separate transmitting path 200 and receiving path 300, on the one hand, it can solve the problem of insufficient isolation ability of the branch line coupler 7 A part of the transmitted signal leaks, which is treated as a reflected signal, and then sent to the mixer 8 for mixing processing; on the other hand, the transmission path and the receiving path are independent of each other, and the transmission and reception of the signal are independent of each other.
  • the transmission path 200 It is only used for transmitting function, not for receiving; the receiving channel 300 is only used for receiving, not for transmitting, so that there is no situation that the transmitted signal is directly coupled to the receiving channel 300, and even the connection points in the transmitting channel 200 will cause There is signal reflection, and the signal reflected in the transmission path 200 cannot be received.
  • This can solve the problem that the part of the transmitted signal directly reflected in the microwave path shared by the transmission and reception will be treated as a reflected signal after entering the branch line coupler 7. , And then sent to the mixer 8 for mixing processing problems. Therefore, the solution of the embodiment of the present application can effectively solve the above two problems, and further can solve the problem of the near-end measurement blind zone of the pulse radar level gauge, thereby improving the measurement reliability of the pulse radar level gauge.
  • the transmitting path 200 includes:
  • the emission path 200 is arranged in a vertical direction, and has a certain spatial span in the electromagnetic wave emission direction from top to bottom (as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10), and includes: (as shown in FIG. 5)
  • the transmitting feed source 200a is used to receive the first microwave pulse signal generated by the first microwave pulse source 4 and convert it into electromagnetic waves;
  • the transmitting antenna 200b is used to transmit the electromagnetic wave generated by the transmitting feed source 200a to the target;
  • the transmitting antenna 200b has a span in the electromagnetic wave transmitting direction
  • the receiving path 300 is arranged in a vertical direction, and has a certain spatial span in the electromagnetic wave receiving direction from bottom to top (as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10), and includes: (as shown in FIG. 5)
  • the receiving antenna 300a is used to receive the electromagnetic waves reflected by the target
  • the receiving antenna 300a has a span in the electromagnetic wave emission direction
  • the receiving feed 300b is used to convert the electromagnetic wave received by the receiving antenna 300a into the reflected signal, and send it to the mixer 8.
  • the transmitting feed source 200a is connected to the first microwave pulse source 4, and the receiving feed source 300b is connected to the mixer 8. It can be seen that the mixer 8 is only connected to the receiving feed source 300b and not the transmitting feed source 200a, so the mixer 8 will only receive the reflected signal formed by the receiving feed 300b.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a may be horn antennas or lens antennas.
  • the cross section may be semicircular, rectangular, or other irregular shapes.
  • the structures of the two feed sources may be the same, and the specific feed source structure may be a feed structure of a coaxial to waveguide.
  • the transmitting feed source and the receiving feed source may be linearly polarized feed sources, or the transmitting feed source and the receiving feed source are circularly polarized feed sources, and the polarization directions of the two are opposite, where one One is the left-handed polarization direction, and the other is the right-handed polarization direction.
  • the feed source is located on the microwave circuit or fixed on the microwave circuit board, and the corresponding antenna is aligned with the feed source in the vertical direction below the feed source.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a can be formed by metal casting, or they can be formed by casting a plastic into an integral structure, and then coated with conductive material on the surface.
  • the transmitting path 200 further includes:
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c is used to transmit the electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitting feed source 200a to the transmitting antenna 200b;
  • the receiving path 300 further includes:
  • the receiving waveguide 300c is used to transmit the electromagnetic waves received by the receiving antenna 300a to the receiving feed 300b.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b transmits the radar waves generated by the transmitting feed 200a through the transmitting waveguide 200c, and transmits the received radar waves to the receiving feed 300b through the receiving antenna 300a through the receiving waveguide 300c.
  • the axes of the transmitting waveguide 200c and the transmitting antenna 200b are collinear, and the axes of the receiving waveguide 300c and the receiving antenna 300a are collinear.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c can be formed by metal casting, or they can be formed by plastic casting into an integral structure, and then coated with conductive material on the surface.
  • the transmitting feed source 200 a is directly or indirectly connected to the first microwave pulse source 4, and the receiving feed source 300 b is directly or indirectly connected to the mixer 8.
  • the signal is transmitted between the first microwave pulse source 4 and the transmitting feed source 200a through the first radio frequency cable 200d, and the mixing A signal is transmitted between the frequency converter 8 and the receiving feed source 300b through a second radio frequency cable 300d;
  • the second radio frequency cable 300d and the first microwave pulse source 4 are all connected by radio frequency connectors (200e, 200f, 300e, 300f,).
  • the transmitting feed source 200a and the first microwave pulse source 4 are indirectly connected through a first radio frequency cable 200d, and the receiving feed source 300b and the mixer 8 are connected through a second radio frequency cable 300d.
  • the transmitting feed source 200a and the receiving feed source 300b both transmit signals through a radio frequency cable, and the pulse radar level gauge can be extended in the length direction through the radio frequency cable.
  • the first microwave pulse source 4 and the mixer 8 are shaped on a circuit board, and a micro-wave directly connected to the first microwave pulse source 4 can be used.
  • the strip line forms the transmitting feed 200a
  • the microstrip line directly connected to the mixer 8 may be used to form the receiving feed 300b.
  • the microstrip antenna for transmission forms the transmission feed 200a and is formed on the circuit board.
  • a microstrip antenna for receiving is directly connected to the mixer 8, and the microstrip antenna for receiving forms a receiving feed 300b.
  • the microstrip antenna used as the feed source it can be a microstrip array antenna formed by multiple array elements, or a microstrip antenna formed by a single array element.
  • the direct connection between the transmitting feed source 200a and the first microwave pulse source 4 and the direct connection between the receiving feed source 300b and the mixer 8 help to reduce the problem of impedance mismatch caused by the connection point.
  • the transmitting path 200 includes the transmitting feed 200a and the transmitting antenna 200b, but does not include the transmitting waveguide 200c
  • the receiving path 300 includes the receiving feed 300b and the transmitting antenna 200b. If the receiving antenna 300a does not include the receiving waveguide 300c, the transmitting feed source 200a and the receiving feed source 300b are both formed on the same circuit board 12, and the transmitting feed source 200a is located on the transmitting antenna 200b , And the receiving feed 300b is located in the receiving antenna 300a; or,
  • the transmitting path 200 includes the transmitting feed 200a, the transmitting waveguide 200c, and the transmitting antenna 200b
  • the receiving path 300 includes the receiving feed 300b
  • the receiving waveguide 300c and the receiving antenna 300a, the transmitting feed source 200a and the receiving feed source 300b are both formed on the circuit board 12, and the transmitting feed source 200a is located in the transmitting waveguide 200c, And the receiving feed 300b is located in the receiving waveguide 300c.
  • the above-mentioned transmitting path 200 includes the transmitting feed 200a and the transmitting antenna 200b, but does not include the transmitting waveguide 200c
  • the receiving path 300 includes the receiving feed 300b and the receiving antenna.
  • 300a is to directly transmit the radar waves generated by the transmitting feed source 200a through the transmitting antenna 200b, and directly transmit the received radar waves to the receiving feed source 300b through the receiving antenna 300a
  • the transmitting port from the transmitting feed 200a to the transmitting antenna 200b has a spatial span in the transmitting direction
  • the receiving port from the receiving feed 300b to the patch antenna also needs to have space in the receiving direction.
  • the above-mentioned spatial span can be realized by the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a themselves. For example, a horn antenna can be used to realize this spatial span.
  • the transmitting path 200 includes the transmitting feed 200a and the transmitting antenna 200b, but not including the transmitting waveguide 200c
  • the receiving path 300 includes the The receiving feed 300b and the receiving antenna 300a, but not including the receiving waveguide 300c
  • the feed source 200a wherein the first microstrip line is directly connected to the first microwave pulse source 4; and the second microstrip line formed on the circuit board 12 is used to extend into the receiving antenna 300a Partially forming the receiving feed 300b, wherein the second microstrip line is directly connected to the mixer 8; or,
  • the transmit path 200 includes the transmit feed 200a, the transmit waveguide 200c, and the transmit antenna 200b
  • the receive path 300 includes the receive feed 300b, the receive waveguide 300c, and the receive antenna 300a
  • the part of the first microstrip line extending into the transmitting waveguide 200c is used to form the transmitting feed source 200a
  • the part of the second microstrip line extending into the receiving waveguide 300c is used to form the transmitting feed source 200a.
  • the feed is formed by a microstrip line.
  • the microstrip line extending into the waveguide can be made into a needle shape as the feed.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are directly fixed on the circuit board 12, then the sides of the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c have openings, and the first microstrip line connected to the first microwave pulse source 4 extends into the transmitting waveguide 200c. Part of it constitutes the emission feed source 200a, and the emission signal generated by the first microwave pulse source 4 enters the emission waveguide 200c through the first microstrip line and is transmitted in and out.
  • the portion of the second microstrip line connected to the microwave receiving signal input end of the mixer 8 extending into the receiving waveguide 300c constitutes the receiving feed 300b.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a can be horn antennas.
  • the related implementation can refer to the above-mentioned implementation in which the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c have openings on the sides and the microstrip line is introduced.
  • the transmitting path 200 includes the transmitting feed 200a and the transmitting antenna 200b, but does not include the transmitting waveguide 200c
  • the receiving path 300 includes the The receiving feed 300b and the receiving antenna 300a, but the receiving waveguide 300c is not included
  • the transmitting feed 200a is formed by using the first microstrip antenna formed on the circuit board 12, wherein the first The microstrip antenna is located in the transmitting antenna 200b, and the first microstrip antenna is directly connected to the first microwave pulse source 4; and the second microstrip antenna formed on the circuit board 12 is used to form the The receiving feed 300b, wherein the second microstrip antenna is located in the receiving antenna 300a, and the second microstrip line is directly connected to the mixer 8; or,
  • the first microstrip antenna is used to form the transmitting feed source 200a, wherein the first microstrip antenna is located in the transmitting waveguide 200c, and the first microstrip antenna and the first microwave
  • the pulse source 4 is directly connected
  • the second microstrip antenna is used to form the receiving feed 300b, wherein the second microstrip antenna is located in the receiving waveguide 300c, and the second microstrip line is connected to the The mixer 8 is directly connected.
  • FIG. 10 shows a situation in which the transmitting path 200 includes a transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving path 300 includes a receiving waveguide 300c in the above-mentioned related embodiment, and the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are directly fixed on the circuit board 12.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a can be horn antennas.
  • the microstrip antenna used as the feed source can be a microstrip array antenna formed by multiple array elements, or a microstrip antenna formed by a single array element.
  • the present application provides the following related embodiments for description.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are of independent structures, and the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are arranged side by side or close to each other.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are independent structures, and one may be a mirror image of the other.
  • two horns with a semicircular cross section can be combined into a horn structure with a circular appearance.
  • the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are conical structures with a semicircular cross section.
  • the plane side surfaces of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are close to or close to each other to form a conical outer contour.
  • the situation shown in Figures 8 and 10 can be formed by the parallel arrangement of the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a.
  • the arrangement of the two can be implemented by welding, bundling, bonding, buckling, mortise and tenon, etc. .
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are formed separately by an antenna partition formed by a single antenna along the axial direction.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are two modules of a single antenna, which are formed by being separated by an antenna partition. Taking a horn antenna as an example, the situation shown in Figs. 8 and 10 can also be inserted in the middle of a horn antenna. A conductive partition separates the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are independent structures, and the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are arranged side by side or close to each other.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are independent structures, and one may be a mirror image of the other.
  • two waveguides with a semicircular or semi-elliptical cross section can be combined into a waveguide with a circular or elliptical appearance.
  • the transmitting waveguide and the receiving waveguide are semicircular in cross section.
  • the cylindrical structure of the transmitting waveguide and the plane side surface of the receiving waveguide are close to or close to each other to form a cylindrical outer contour.
  • the situation shown in FIGS. 8 and 10 can be formed by attaching the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c side by side.
  • it can be realized by welding, bundling, bonding, buckle, mortise and so on. .
  • the circle Both the integral antenna of the circular structure and the integral waveguide of the circular structure may be collinear in axis.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c may be waveguides with gradually increasing diameters.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are formed separately by a waveguide partition formed in the axial direction of a single waveguide.
  • the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c are two modules of single waveguides.
  • the situation shown in Figs. 8 and 10 may also be that a single single waveguide is separated by a waveguide partition to form the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • the protection mechanism 13 is used to prevent foreign objects from entering the transmitting path 200 and the receiving path 300.
  • the protection mechanism 13 can let electromagnetic waves pass through, but can prevent the entry of foreign objects.
  • the protection mechanism 13 can prevent corrosion, steam, dust, or pressure and high temperature. And so on.
  • the protection mechanism 13 of the present application also achieves the above-mentioned basic functions.
  • the protection mechanism 13 includes an antenna protection cover (the protection mechanism 13 shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10 is a protection cover), which is formed at the free end antenna openings of the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a.
  • Figures 8 and 10 show a schematic structural diagram of the antenna shield.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a have been installed, and the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are used
  • the antenna port facing the target is the free end antenna port.
  • the protection mechanism 13 includes a plugging head, which is formed in the transmitting waveguide 200c and the receiving waveguide 300c, or respectively, formed in the transmitting antenna 200b or the receiving antenna 300a.
  • the antenna of the pulse radar level gauge in the related technology is shared by sending and receiving. It is a single antenna.
  • the radome is installed or the head is blocked to achieve the purpose of protection.
  • the electromagnetic waves emitted by the pulse radar level gauge will encounter the radome. Or when the head is blocked, reflection will inevitably occur, resulting in a reflected signal, and the reflected signal will increase the interference wave at the near end of the pulse radar level gauge.
  • the pulse radar level gauge in the related technology must be installed when the radome is installed. It will increase the measurement blind zone of the pulse radar level gauge.
  • this application can effectively solve the problem of increasing the measurement blind area when the pulse radar level gauge is installed with the protection mechanism 13, which is specifically expressed as: the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a of this application are arranged in parallel, and the transmitting antenna 200b is only used for transmitting electromagnetic waves. And the receiving antenna 300a is only used to receive electromagnetic waves.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are aimed at the target.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b transmits electromagnetic waves to the target.
  • the electromagnetic waves in the transmitting direction encounter the protection mechanism 13 When the opposite part, the transmission signal is generated. Because of the separation between the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a, the reflected signal is reflected into the transmitting antenna 200b, and will not be received by the receiving antenna 300a, so the protection can be solved.
  • the branch line coupler 7 is discarded, and the branch line coupler 7 is discarded and set at the same time.
  • the independent transmitting channel 200 and receiving channel 300 can solve the following three problems:
  • the independent transmission path 200 and the receiving path 300 realize the independence of signal transmission and reception.
  • the transmission path 200 is only used for transmitting function, not for receiving; the receiving path 300 is only used for receiving, not for transmitting. In this way, there is no situation that the transmitted signal is directly coupled to the receiving path 300, and even if each connection point in the transmitting path 200 causes signal reflection, the signal reflected in the transmitting path 200 cannot be received, which can solve the problem of transmission and reception sharing.
  • the part of the transmitted signal that is directly reflected back in the microwave path enters the branch line coupler 7 and is treated as a reflected signal, and then is sent to the mixer 8 for mixing processing.
  • the solution of the embodiment of the present application can effectively solve the above-mentioned three problems, and further can solve the problem of the near-end measurement blind zone of the pulse radar level gauge, thereby improving the measurement reliability of the pulse radar level gauge.
  • the bottom of the antenna shield is a planar structure, or an outer convex structure, or an inner concave structure.
  • the pulse radar level gauge is placed vertically, and the radome is also placed vertically.
  • the bottom of the antenna shield is the part facing the free end antenna ports of the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a.
  • the bottom of the antenna shield may be an upwardly concave conical surface or spherical surface, or a downwardly protruding conical surface or spherical surface.
  • the present application provides the following related embodiments for description.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are of independent structures, the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are respectively close to the side of each other and connected to or close to the antenna shield .
  • the antenna partition is connected to or close to the antenna shield.
  • connection mentioned in the above two embodiments can be realized by bonding, thread, screw, buckle, card slot, strapping, etc. It can support the antenna shield when it is under positive pressure. When under negative pressure, it acts as a tension for the antenna shield to prevent deformation of the antenna cover.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a each face the side of the antenna shield, and are attached to the antenna shield.
  • the side of the antenna shield is attached to the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a can support the antenna shield.
  • the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a each face the side of the antenna shield, and a fixing mechanism for fixing the fixed antenna shield is formed.
  • both the transmitting antenna 200b and the receiving antenna 300a are fixed to the antenna shield by their respective fixing mechanisms, which can effectively prevent the antenna shield from deforming when under pressure.
  • the internal space formed by the radome, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is filled with an anti-deformation material capable of allowing microwaves to penetrate.
  • the anti-deformation material may be plastic to fill the internal space formed by the radome, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, to make it solid, and to improve the pressure resistance of the radome.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • the first clock pulse source 3 is connected to the first microwave pulse source 4;
  • the second clock pulse source 5 is connected to the second microwave pulse source 6;
  • the difference frequency controller 2 is respectively connected to the first clock pulse source 3 and the second clock pulse source 5;
  • the intermediate frequency amplifier 10 is connected to the mixer 8;
  • the A/D conversion module 11 is connected to the intermediate frequency module
  • the processing module 1 is connected to the difference frequency controller 2 and the A/D conversion module 11 respectively.
  • the processing module 1 may adopt a DSP or an MCU.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • the display module 14 is connected to the processing module.
  • the display module 148 can display data or curves or text, allow the user to observe the current measurement results, and allow the user to query and set parameters.
  • the pulse radar level gauge further includes:
  • the communication module 15 is connected to the processing module; and/or,
  • the interface module 16 is connected to the processing module.
  • the external output signal mode can be 4-20mA, HART, FF, profibus, etc.
  • the related applications can refer to the pulse radar level gauge in the related technology.
  • the related applications can refer to the pulse radar level gauge in the related technology.
  • the background technology of this application there are corresponding descriptions for the above-mentioned module components, so reference can also be made here. Do not go into further details.
  • connection as used herein may include wireless connection.
  • connection includes any unit and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
  • each part of this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • multiple steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if it is implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of the following technologies known in the art: Discrete logic circuits, application-specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGA), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), etc.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps carried in the method of the foregoing embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing relevant hardware to complete.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, it includes one of the steps of the method embodiment or a combination thereof.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module 58, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the aforementioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

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Abstract

一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计，包括第一微波脉冲源（4），用于产生第一微波脉冲信号；发射通路（200），用于接收第一微波脉冲信号，并形成电磁波，以向目标物发射出去；接收通路（300），用于接收目标物反射回的电磁波，并形成反射信号；第二微波脉冲源（6），用于产生第二微波脉冲信号，其中，第二微波脉冲信号与第一微波脉冲信号两者之间存在稳定的频差；混频器（8），用于接收第二微波脉冲信号，以及反射信号，并混频形成用于确定物位距离的混频信号。有助于解决脉冲雷达物位计近端测量盲区的问题，进而提升脉冲雷达物位计的测量可靠性。

Description

一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计 技术领域
本申请属于雷达物位计技术领域，具体涉及一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计。
背景技术
脉冲雷达物位计是雷达物位计的一种，如图1所示，图1为相关技术中的脉冲雷达物位计的一个典型结构示意图。
请参阅图1，处理模块1是负责数据处理的器件，处理模块1通过差频控制器2来控制产生两个具有稳定频率差的微波脉冲信号，具体为：差频控制器2用于差频计算和频率控制，控制第一时钟脉冲源3产生第一时钟脉冲信号，第一微波脉冲源4接收第一时钟脉冲信号并产生第一微波脉冲信号，差频控制器2控制第二时钟脉冲源5产生第二时钟脉冲信号，第二微波脉冲源6接收第二时钟脉冲信号并产生第二微波脉冲信号，第一微波脉冲信号和第二微波脉冲信号之间具有稳定的频差。
图1中，脉冲雷达物位计的信号发射和接收共同使用一个微波通路100(下述以发收共用的微波通路100进行表示)，发收共用的微波通路100中的射频连接器(100a、100b)、射频线缆100c、馈源100d、波导100e和天线100f都是收发共用的，通过分支线耦合器7来完成信号发射和接收的隔离。如图2所示，图2为相关技术中的分支线耦合器7的一个典型结构示意图，其具有A、B、C和D四个端口，其中，端口A与第一微波脉冲源4连接，端口B与混频器8连接，端口C与发收共用的微波通路100连接，端口D与吸收器9连接，当端口A作为输入时，端口C和端口D是输出端，端口B是隔离端；当端口C作为输入时，端口A和B是输出端，端口D是隔离端。
具体的，当端口A接收到第一微波脉冲源4发送的第一微波脉冲信号时， 端口C输出的第一微波脉冲信号进入发收共用的微波通路100，以及端口D输出的第一微波脉冲信号进入吸收器9，被吸收器9吸收掉。端口C输出的第一微波脉冲信号通过发收共用的微波通路100形成电磁波，向目标物发射，然后再通过发收共用的微波通路100接收目标物反射回来的电磁波，并转换为反射信号，发收共用的微波通路100将发射信号通过端口C输入。端口A输出的发射信号，向第一微波脉冲源4输送，不会被接收；端口B输出的发射信号，向混频器8输送，由混频器8接收该反射信号，同时，混频器8还接收第二微波脉冲源6的第二微波脉冲信号，混频器8将反射信号和第二微波脉冲信号混频，得到混频信号。
混频器8将混频信号传输给中频放大器10对信号进行放大处理，中频放大器10向A/D转换模块输出放大后的信号，处理模块1从A/D转换模块11采集到这个混频信号，然后对这个信号进行处理，从而得到物位距离。
对于如图1所示的脉冲雷达物位计，在实际使用中，一方面，由于分支线耦合器7存在信号隔离方面的不足，体现为：第一微波脉冲源4的第一微波脉冲信号作为发射信号从分支线耦合器7的端口A输入时，会有一少部分从端口B泄露出去，泄露到混频器8中；另一方面，从端口C输出的发射信号，在发收共用的微波通路100中传输时，因发收共用的微波通路100中各个连接点的阻抗匹配无法做到完美，比如，射频连接器(100a、100b)、射频线缆100c、馈源100d、波导100e和天线100f等连接结构无法达到完美的匹配，会导致在发收共用的微波通路100中传输的部分发射信号被直接反射回来，从分支线耦合器7的端口C又进入分支线耦合器7。
上述因分支线耦合器7隔离能力不足导致的少部分从端口C泄露的发射信号，以及在发收共用的微波通路100中被直接反射回来的部分发射信号，进入分支线耦合器7后，均会被当作反射信号，然后输送给混频器8进行混频处理，这样就会在脉冲雷达物位计的近端形成一个较强的干扰回波，进而导致造成脉冲雷达物位计在近端具有一个测量盲区。如图3和图4所示，图3为脉冲雷达物位计的一个测量结果示意图，图4为脉冲雷达物位计的另一个测量结果示意 图，图3和图4中，I处为因分支线耦合器7隔离能力不足导致的少部分从端口C泄露出的发射信号，以及在发收共用的微波通路100中被直接反射回来的部分发射信号，形成的近端干扰波；II处为目标物反射波。图3中示出的是目标物距离脉冲雷达物位计较远的情形，该情形下，近端干扰波和目标物反射波能被有效区分出来，而当目标物距离脉冲雷达物位计较近时，如图4所示，会因近端干扰波的干扰，导致目标物反射波无法被有效识别，从而形成近端测量盲区，导致脉冲雷达物位计近端测量不可靠。
发明内容
为至少在一定程度上克服相关技术中存在的问题，本申请提供一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计，有助于解决脉冲雷达物位计近端测量盲区的问题，进而提升脉冲雷达物位计的测量可靠性。
为实现以上目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
本申请提供一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计，包括：
第一微波脉冲源，用于产生第一微波脉冲信号；
发射通路，用于接收所述第一微波脉冲源产生的第一微波脉冲信号形成电磁波，以向目标物发射出去；
接收通路，用于接收所述目标物反射回的电磁波，并形成反射信号；
第二微波脉冲源，用于产生第二微波脉冲信号，其中，所述第二微波脉冲信号与所述第一微波脉冲信号两者之间存在稳定的频差；
混频器，用于接收所述第二微波脉冲信号，以及所述反射信号，并混频形成用于确定物位距离的混频信号。
进一步地，
所述发射通路成竖直方向设置，在自上而下的电磁波发射方向上，具有一定空间跨度，包括：
发射馈源，用于接收所述第一微波脉冲信号，并转变为电磁波；
发射天线，用于将所述发射馈源产生的电磁波向所述目标物发射出去；
所述发射天线在电磁波发射方向上具有跨度；
所述接收通路成竖直方向设置，在自下而上的电磁波接收方向上，具有一定空间跨度，包括：
接收天线，用于接收所述目标物反射回的电磁波；
所述接收天线在电磁波发射方向上具有跨度；
接收馈源，用于将所述接收天线接收到的电磁波转变为所述反射信号，并输送给所述混频器。
进一步地，
所述发射通路还包括：
发射波导，用于将所述发射馈源产生的电磁波传输至所述发射天线；
所述接收通路还包括：
接收波导，用于将所述接收天线接收到的电磁波传输至所述接收馈源。
进一步地，
所述发射馈源与所述第一微波脉冲源直接或间接连接，以及所述接收馈源与所述混频器直接或间接连接。
进一步地，
所述第一微波脉冲源与所述发射馈源之间通过第一射频线缆传输信号，以及所述混频器与所述接收馈源之间通过第二射频线缆传输信号；
其中，所述第一射频线缆与所述第一微波脉冲源之间，所述第一射频线缆与所述发射馈源之间，所述第二射频线缆与所述混频器之间，以及所述第二射频线缆与所述接收馈源之间，均通过射频连接器连接。
进一步地，
如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源和所述发射天线，但不包括所述发射波导，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源和所述接收天线，但不包括所述接收波导，则所述发射馈源、所述接收馈源均形成在同一电路板上，且所述发射馈源位于所述发射天线中，以及所述接收馈源位于所述接收天线中；或者，
如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源、所述发射波导和所述发射天线，以 及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源、所述接收波导和所述接收天线，则所述发射馈源、所述接收馈源均形成在所述电路板上，且所述发射馈源位于所述发射波导中，以及所述接收馈源位于所述接收波导中。
进一步地，
如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源和所述发射天线，但不包括所述发射波导，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源和所述接收天线，但不包括所述接收波导，则利用形成在所述电路板上的第一微带线伸入所述发射天线中的部分形成所述发射馈源，其中，所述第一微带线与所述第一微波脉冲源直接连接；以及利用形成在所述电路板上的第二微带线伸入所述接收天线中的部分形成所述接收馈源，其中，所述第二微带线与所述混频器直接连接；或者，
如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源、所述发射波导和所述发射天线，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源、所述接收波导和所述接收天线，则利用所述第一微带线伸入所述发射波导中的部分形成所述发射馈源；以及利用所述第二微带线伸入所述接收波导中的部分形成所述接收馈源。
进一步地，
如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源和所述发射天线，但不包括所述发射波导，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源和所述接收天线，但不包括所述接收波导，则利用形成在所述电路板上的第一微带天线形成所述发射馈源，其中，所述第一微带天线位于所述发射天线中，且所述第一微带天线与所述第一微波脉冲源直接连接；以及利用形成在所述电路板上的第二微带天线形成所述接收馈源，其中，所述第二微带天线位于所述接收天线中，且所述第二微带线与所述混频器直接连接；或者，
如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源、所述发射波导和所述发射天线，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源、所述接收波导和所述接收天线，则利用所述第一微带天线形成所述发射馈源，其中，所述第一微带天线位于所述发射波导中，且所述第一微带天线与所述第一微波脉冲源直接连接；以及利用所述第二微带天线形成所述接收馈源，其中，所述第二微带天线位于所述接收波导中， 且所述第二微带线与所述混频器直接连接。
进一步地，
所述发射天线和所述接收天线为各自独立结构，且所述发射天线和所述接收天线并列贴合设置，或者，相互贴近设置。
进一步地，
所述发射天线和所述接收天线为通过单体天线沿轴线方向形成的天线隔板分隔形成。
进一步地，
所述发射波导和所述接收波导为各自独立结构，且所述发射波导和所述接收波导并列贴合设置，或者，相互贴近设置。
进一步地，
所述发射波导和所述接收波导为通过单体波导沿轴线方向形成的波导隔板分隔形成。
进一步地，
所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
防护机构，用于阻止外部物进入所述发射通路和所述接收通路。
进一步地，
所述防护机构，包括：天线防护罩，形成在所述发射天线和所述接收天线两者的自由端天线口。
进一步地，
所述防护机构，包括：堵塞头，分别形成在所述发射波导和所述接收波导中，或者，分别形成在所述发射天线或所述接收天线中。
进一步地，
所述天线防护罩的底部为平面结构，或者，外凸结构，或者，内凹结构。
进一步地，
如果所述发射天线和所述接收天线为各自独立结构，所述发射天线和所述接收天线各自贴近对方的一侧，与所述天线防护罩连接或贴近。
进一步地，
如果所述发射天线和所述接收天线为通过单体天线沿轴线方向形成的天线隔板分隔形成，所述天线隔板与所述天线防护罩连接或贴近。
进一步地，
所述发射天线和所述接收天线两者各自面对所述天线防护罩的侧面，贴合所述天线防护罩。
进一步地，
所述发射天线和所述接收天线两者各自面对所述天线防护罩的侧面，形成有用于固定所述固定天线防护罩的固定机构。
进一步地，
所述天线罩与所述发射天线和所述接收天线所形成的内部空间，填充有能够让微波穿透的抗形变材料。
进一步地，
所述发射天线和所述接收天线均为喇叭天线或者透镜天线。
进一步地，
所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
第一时钟脉冲源，与所述第一微波脉冲源连接；
第二时钟脉冲源，与所述第二微波脉冲源连接；
差频控制器，分别与所述第一时钟脉冲源和所述第二时钟脉冲源连接；
中频放大器，与所述混频器连接；
A/D转换模块，与所述中频模块连接；
处理模块，分别与所述差频控制器和所述A/D转换模块连接。
进一步地，
所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
显示模块，与所述处理模块连接。
进一步地，
所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
通信模块，与所述处理模块连接；和/或，
接口模块，与所述处理模块连接。
进一步地，
所述发射馈源和所述接收馈源是线极化馈源。
进一步地，
所述发射馈源和所述接收馈源是圆极化馈源，且两者极化方向相反，其中，一者是左旋极化方向，另一者是右旋极化方向。
进一步地，
所述发射波导和所述接收波导是横截面为半圆形的柱形结构，且所述发射波导和所述接收波导的平面侧面相互靠近或贴紧，以形成为圆柱形外轮廓。
进一步地，
所述发射天线和所述接收天线是横截面为半圆形的锥形结构，且所述发射天线和所述接收天线的平面侧面相互靠近或贴紧，以形成为圆锥形外轮廓。
本申请采用以上技术方案，至少具备以下有益效果：
本申请提供的脉冲雷达物位计，通过舍弃分支线耦合器、发收共用的微波通路和吸收器，采用设置各自独立的发射通路和接收通路，来实现解决脉冲雷达物位计近端测量盲区的问题，进而提升脉冲雷达物位计的测量可靠性。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为相关技术中的脉冲雷达物位计的一个典型结构示意图；
图2为相关技术中的分支线耦合器的一个典型结构示意图；
图3为脉冲雷达物位计的一个测量结果示意图；
图4为脉冲雷达物位计的另一个测量结果示意图；
图5为本申请一个实施例提供的脉冲雷达物位计的结构示意图；
图6为本申请另一个实施例提供的脉冲雷达物位计的结构示意图；
图7为本申请另一个实施例提供的脉冲雷达物位计的结构示意图；
图8为本申请另一个实施例提供的脉冲雷达物位计的结构示意图；
图9为图8中A处的具体结构示意图；
图10为本申请另一个实施例提供的脉冲雷达物位计的结构示意图；
图11为图10中B处的具体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本申请的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本申请所保护的范围。
本申请提供一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计，所述容器的顶部具有开孔或微波可穿透的窗口结构，请参阅图5至图7，该脉冲雷达物位计，包括：
第一微波脉冲源4，用于产生第一微波脉冲信号；
发射通路200，用于接收所述第一微波脉冲信号形成电磁波，以向目标物发射出去；
接收通路300，用于接收所述目标物反射回的电磁波，并形成反射信号；
第二微波脉冲源6，用于产生第二微波脉冲信号，其中，所述第二微波脉冲信号与所述第一微波脉冲信号两者之间存在稳定的频差；
混频器8，用于接收所述第二微波脉冲信号，以及所述反射信号，并混频形成用于确定物位距离的混频信号。
具体的，上述实施例方案中，相对于相关技术中的脉冲雷达物位计(如图 1示出的脉冲雷达物位计)，本申请提供的脉冲雷达物位计(如图5至图7所示)，通过舍弃分支线耦合器7、发收共用的微波通路100以及吸收器9，采用设置各自独立的发射通路200和接收通路300，一方面可以解决分支线耦合器7隔离能力不足导致一部分发射信号泄露，被当作反射信号，然后输送给混频器8进行混频处理的问题；另一方面，各自独立的发射通路和接收通路，实现信号的发射和接收互相独立，发射通路200只做发射功能使用，不做接收使用；接收通路300只做接收使用，不做发射使用，这样就不存在发射信号直接耦合到接收通路300的情况，而且发射通路200中各个连接点即使会造成有信号的反射，发射通路200中反射回来的信号也无法接收，从而可以解决发收共用的微波通路中被直接反射回来的部分发射信号，进入分支线耦合器7后，会被当作反射信号，然后输送给混频器8进行混频处理的问题。由此，本申请实施例方案能有效解决上述两方面的问题，进而能解决脉冲雷达物位计近端测量盲区的问题，从而提升脉冲雷达物位计的测量可靠性。
在一个实施例中，所述发射通路200包括：
所述发射通路200成竖直方向设置，在自上而下的电磁波发射方向上，具有一定空间跨度(如图8和图10所示)，包括：(如图5所示)
发射馈源200a，用于接收所述第一微波脉冲源4产生的第一微波脉冲信号，并转变为电磁波；
发射天线200b，用于将所述发射馈源200a产生的电磁波向所述目标物发射出去；
所述发射天线200b在电磁波发射方向上具有跨度；
所述接收通路300成竖直方向设置，在自下而上的电磁波接收方向上，具有一定空间跨度(如图8和图10所示)，包括：(如图5所示)
接收天线300a，用于接收所述目标物反射回的电磁波；
所述接收天线300a在电磁波发射方向上具有跨度；
接收馈源300b，用于将所述接收天线300a接收到的电磁波转变为所述反射信号，并输送给所述混频器8。
具体的，发射馈源200a连接第一微波脉冲源4，接收馈源300b连接混频器8，可见，混频器8只连接接收馈源300b，而没有连接发射馈源200a，因而混频器8只会接收到接收馈源300b形成的反射信号。
对于发射天线200b和接收天线300a，可以是喇叭天线或者透镜天线，对于采用喇叭天线，横截面可以是半圆形、矩形、或者其他的异形形状。
对于发射馈源200a和接收馈源300b这两个馈源，两者的结构可以是相同的，具体的馈源结构可以是同轴转波导的馈源结构。
所述发射馈源和所述接收馈源可以是线极化馈源，或者，所述发射馈源和所述接收馈源是圆极化馈源，且两者极化方向相反，其中，一者是左旋极化方向，另一者是右旋极化方向。馈源位于微波线路上或固定在微波线路板上，相应天线在馈源的下方竖直方向上对准这个馈源。
对于发射天线200b和接收天线300a，可以由金属铸造形成，也可以通过塑料铸造成整体机构，然后再在表面涂导电材料形成。
如图6、图8和图10所示，所述发射通路200还包括：
发射波导200c，用于将所述发射馈源200a产生的电磁波传输至所述发射天线200b；
所述接收通路300还包括：
接收波导300c，用于将所述接收天线300a接收到的电磁波传输至所述接收馈源300b。
具体的，发射天线200b通过发射波导200c将发射馈源200a产生的雷达波发射出去，以及通过接收天线300a通过接收波导300c将其接收到的雷达波传输给接收馈源300b，在实际应用中，发射波导200c和发射天线200b的轴线共线，以及接收波导300c和接收天线300a的轴线共线。
对于发射波导200c和接收波导300c，可以由金属铸造形成，也可以通过塑料铸造成整体机构，然后再在表面涂导电材料形成。
在一个实施例中，所述发射馈源200a与所述第一微波脉冲源4直接或间接连接，以及所述接收馈源300b与所述混频器8直接或间接连接。
对于间接连接情况，如图7所示，在一个具体的实施例中，所述第一微波脉冲源4与所述发射馈源200a之间通过第一射频线缆200d传输信号，以及所述混频器8与所述接收馈源300b之间通过第二射频线缆300d传输信号；
其中，所述第一射频线缆200d与所述第一微波脉冲源4之间，所述第一射频线缆200d与所述发射馈源200a之间，所述第二射频线缆300d与所述混频器8之间，以及所述第二射频线缆300d与所述接收馈源300b之间，均通过射频连接器(200e、200f、300e、300f、)连接。
具体的，如图7所示，发射馈源200a与第一微波脉冲源4之间通过第一射频线缆200d间接相连，接收馈源300b与混频器8之间通过第二射频线缆300d间接相连，发射馈源200a和接收馈源300b这两个馈源，均通过射频线缆来传输信号，可通过射频线缆来实现脉冲雷达物位计在长度方向的延伸。
对于直接连接的情况，如图8至图10所示，实际应用中，第一微波脉冲源4和混频器8形状在一个电路板上，可以利用与第一微波脉冲源4直接相连的微带线形成发射馈源200a，以及可以利用与混频器8直接连接的微带线形成接收馈源300b。也可以是在电路板上形成一个用于发射的微带天线，将其与第一微波脉冲源4直接连接，该用于发射的微带天线即形成发射馈源200a，以及在电路板上形成一个用于接收的微带天线，将其与混频器8直接连接，该用于接收的微带天线即形成接收馈源300b。对于采用微带天线作为馈源的，可以是多个阵元形成的微带阵列天线，也可以单阵元形成的微带天线。发射馈源200a和第一微波脉冲源4之间直接连接，以及接收馈源300b和混频器8之间直接连接，有助于减少因连接点导致的阻抗不匹配的问题。
围绕上述的所述发射馈源200a与所述第一微波脉冲源4直接连接，以及所述接收馈源300b与所述混频器8直接连接，本申请下述还给出进一步的扩展实施例进行说明。
在一个实施例中，如果所述发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a和所述发射天线200b，但不包括所述发射波导200c，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b和所述接收天线300a，但不包括所述接收波导300c，则所述发射 馈源200a、所述接收馈源300b均形成在同一电路板12上，且所述发射馈源200a位于所述发射天线200b中，以及所述接收馈源300b位于所述接收天线300a中；或者，
如图8至图10所示，如果所述发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a、所述发射波导200c和所述发射天线200b，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b、所述接收波导300c和所述接收天线300a，则所述发射馈源200a、所述接收馈源300b均形成在所述电路板12上，且所述发射馈源200a位于所述发射波导200c中，以及所述接收馈源300b位于所述接收波导300c中。
具体的，对于上述的发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a和所述发射天线200b，但不包括所述发射波导200c，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b和所述接收天线300a，但不包括所述接收波导300c的情况，是通过发射天线200b直接将发射馈源200a产生的雷达波发射出去，以及通过接收天线300a将其接收到的雷达波直接传输给接收馈源300b，上述情况在实际应用中，需要满足：发射馈源200a到发射天线200b的发射口在发射方向上具有空间的跨度，以及接收馈源300b到接线天线的接收口在接收方向上也需要具有空间的跨度，上述空间的跨度可以通过发射天线200b和接收天线300a自身来实现，比如，可采用喇叭天线来实现这种空间的跨度。
进一步地，如图8和图9所示，如果所述发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a和所述发射天线200b，但不包括所述发射波导200c，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b和所述接收天线300a，但不包括所述接收波导300c，则利用形成在所述电路板12上的第一微带线伸入所述发射天线200b中的部分形成所述发射馈源200a，其中，所述第一微带线与所述第一微波脉冲源4直接连接；以及利用形成在所述电路板12上的第二微带线伸入所述接收天线300a中的部分形成所述接收馈源300b，其中，所述第二微带线与所述混频器8直接连接；或者，
如果所述发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a、所述发射波导200c和所述发射天线200b，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b、所述接收波 导300c和所述接收天线300a，则利用所述第一微带线伸入所述发射波导200c中的部分形成所述发射馈源200a；以及利用所述第二微带线伸入所述接收波导300c中的部分形成所述接收馈源300b。
如图8和图9所示，具体的，上述相关实施例，通过微带线形成馈源，在实际应用中，可以将延伸入波导中的微带线做成针形，以作为馈源。发射波导200c和接收波导300c直接固定在电路板12上，然后发射波导200c和接收波导300c侧面都有开孔，与第一微波脉冲源4连接的第一微带线延伸入发射波导200c中的部分构成发射馈源200a，第一微波脉冲源4产生的发射信号通过第一微带线进入到发射波导200c中进出传输。连接混频器8微波接收信号输入端的第二微带线延伸进入到接收波导300c中的部分构成接收馈源300b。
对于上述发射通路200不包括发射波导200c，以及接收通路300不包括接收波导300c，发射天线200b和接收天线300a直接固定在电路板12上的情况，发射天线200b和接收天线300a可以采用喇叭天线，其相关实施可参照上述发射波导200c和接收波导300c侧面都有开孔，引入微带线的实施方式。
进一步地，如图10和图11所示，如果所述发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a和所述发射天线200b，但不包括所述发射波导200c，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b和所述接收天线300a，但不包括所述接收波导300c，则利用形成在所述电路板12上的第一微带天线形成所述发射馈源200a，其中，所述第一微带天线位于所述发射天线200b中，且所述第一微带天线与所述第一微波脉冲源4直接连接；以及利用形成在所述电路板12上的第二微带天线形成所述接收馈源300b，其中，所述第二微带天线位于所述接收天线300a中，且所述第二微带线与所述混频器8直接连接；或者，
如果所述发射通路200包括所述发射馈源200a、所述发射波导200c和所述发射天线200b，以及所述接收通路300包括所述接收馈源300b、所述接收波导300c和所述接收天线300a，则利用所述第一微带天线形成所述发射馈源200a，其中，所述第一微带天线位于所述发射波导200c中，且所述第一微带天线与所述第一微波脉冲源4直接连接；以及利用所述第二微带天线形成所述接收馈源 300b，其中，所述第二微带天线位于所述接收波导300c中，且所述第二微带线与所述混频器8直接连接。
具体的，图10示出了上述相关实施例中发射通路200包括发射波导200c，以及接收通路300包括接收波导300c，发射波导200c和接收波导300c直接固定在电路板12上的情况。对于上述发射通路200不包括发射波导200c，以及接收通路300不包括接收波导300c，发射天线200b和接收天线300a直接固定在电路板12上的情况，发射天线200b和接收天线300a可以采用喇叭天线，其相关实施可参照图10示出的在发射波导200c和接收波导300c中分别设置微带天线的应用。
如图11所示，对于采用微带天线作为馈源的，可以是多个阵元形成的微带阵列天线，也可以单阵元形成的微带天线。
对于发射天线200b和接收天线300a的形成，本申请给出如下一些相关实施例进行说明。
在一个实施例中，所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a为各自独立结构，且所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a并列贴合设置，或者，相互贴近设置。
具体的，发射天线200b和接收天线300a为各自独立结构，一者可以是另一者的镜像。在具体应用中，可以由两个横截面为半圆形的喇叭合成一个外观是圆形的喇叭结构，比如，所述发射天线和所述接收天线是横截面为半圆形的锥形结构，且所述发射天线和所述接收天线的平面侧面相互靠近或贴紧，以形成为圆锥形外轮廓。图8和图10示出的情况可以是发射天线200b和接收天线300a并列贴合设置形成的，对于两者的贴合设置，可以是焊接、捆扎、粘结、卡扣、榫卯等方式实现。
在另一个实施例中，所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a为通过单体天线沿轴线方向形成的天线隔板分隔形成。
具体的，发射天线200b和接收天线300a是单体天线的两个模块，通过天线隔板分隔形成，以喇叭天线为例，图8和图10示出的情况也可以是由一个喇 叭天线中间插入一个导电隔板分隔形成发射天线200b和接收天线300a。
对于发射波导200c和接收波导300c的形成，本申请给出如下一些相关实施例进行说明。
在一个实施例中，所述发射波导200c和所述接收波导300c为各自独立结构，且所述发射波导200c和所述接收波导300c并列贴合设置，或者，相互贴近设置。
具体的，发射波导200c和接收波导300c为各自独立结构，一者可以是另一者的镜像。在具体应用中，可以由两个横截面为半圆形或者半椭圆形的波导合成一个外观是圆形或者椭圆的波导，比如，所述发射波导和所述接收波导是横截面为半圆形的柱形结构，且所述发射波导和所述接收波导的平面侧面相互靠近或贴紧，以形成为圆柱形外轮廓。图8和图10示出的情况可以是发射波导200c和接收波导300c并列贴合设置形成的，对于两者的贴合设置，可以是焊接、捆扎、粘结、卡扣、榫卯等方式实现。
在具体应用中，在发射天线200b和接收天线300a贴合形成横截面是圆形结构的整体天线，以及在发射波导200c和接收波导300c贴合形成横截面也是圆形结构的整体波导时，圆形结构的整体天线和圆形结构的整体波导两者可以是轴线共线的。
发射波导200c和接收波导300c可以是口径逐渐增大的波导。
在另一个实施例中，所述发射波导200c和所述接收波导300c为通过单体波导沿轴线方向形成的波导隔板分隔形成。
具体的，发射波导200c和接收波导300c是单体波导的两个模块，图8和图10示出的情况也可以是由一个单体波导通过波导隔板分隔形成发射波导200c和接收波导300c。
如图8和图10所示，在一个实施例中，所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
防护机构13，用于阻止外部物进入所述发射通路200和所述接收通路300。
在相关技术中，防护机构13能够让电磁波通过，但是能够阻止外部物进入，在具体应用中，根据脉冲雷达物位计的具体用途，防护机构13能够起到阻挡腐 蚀、蒸汽、粉尘或者压力高温等的作用。本申请的防护机构13，也同样实现上述的基本作用。
进一步地，
所述防护机构13，包括：天线防护罩(图8和图10中示出的防护机构13为防护罩)，形成在所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a两者的自由端天线口。
具体的，图8和图10示出的是天线防护罩的一种结构示意图，脉冲雷达物位计的成品产品中，发射天线200b和接收天线300a已安装好，发射天线200b和接收天线300a用于面向目标物的天线口即为自由端天线口。
进一步地，
所述防护机构13，包括：堵塞头，分别形成在所述发射波导200c和所述接收波导300c中，或者，分别形成在所述发射天线200b或所述接收天线300a中。
需要说明的是，相关技术中脉冲雷达物位计的天线是收发共用的，是单体天线，设置天线罩或者堵塞头达到防护目的，脉冲雷达物位计发射出去的电磁波，在遇到天线罩或者堵塞头时，必然会发生反射，产生反射信号，反射信号就会增加脉冲雷达物位计近端的干扰波，可以理解的是，相关技术中的脉冲雷达物位计安装天线罩时，必然会增加脉冲雷达物位计的测量盲区。
而通过本申请，即可有效解决脉冲雷达物位计安装防护机构13时增加测量盲区的问题，具体表现为：本申请的发射天线200b和接收天线300a并列设置，发射天线200b仅用于发射电磁波和接收天线300a仅用于接收电磁波，在具体应用中，发射天线200b和接收天线300a都是对准目标物的，发射天线200b向目标物发射电磁波，在发射方向的电磁波遇到防护机构13上与之相对的部分时，产生发射信号，因发射天线200b和接收天线300a之间存在分隔隔离，该反射信号反射进入的是发射天线200b，而不会被接收天线300a接收到，因而可以解决防护机构13导致的增加测量盲区问题。
综上，通过本申请的脉冲雷达物位计方案，相对于相关技术中的脉冲雷达 物位计(如图1示出的脉冲雷达物位计)，舍弃了分支线耦合器7，以及同时设置各自独立的发射通路200和接收通路300，可以解决如下三方面的问题：
第一、可以解决分支线耦合器7隔离能力不足导致一部分发射信号泄露，被当作反射信号，然后输送给混频器8进行混频处理的问题。
第二、各自独立的发射通路200和接收通路300，实现信号的发射和接收互相独立，发射通路200只做发射功能使用，不做接收使用；接收通路300只做接收使用，不做发射使用，这样就不存在发射信号直接耦合到接收通路300的情况，而且发射通路200中各个连接点即使会造成有信号的反射，发射通路200中反射回来的信号也无法接收，从而可以解决发收共用的微波通路中被直接反射回来的部分发射信号，进入分支线耦合器7后，会被当作反射信号，然后输送给混频器8进行混频处理的问题。
第三、可以解决防护机构13导致的增加测量盲区问题。
由此，本申请实施例方案能有效解决上述三方面的问题，进而能解决脉冲雷达物位计近端测量盲区的问题，从而提升脉冲雷达物位计的测量可靠性。
在一个实施例中，所述天线防护罩的底部为平面结构，或者，外凸结构，或者，内凹结构。
在实际使用中，脉冲雷达物位计竖直放置，天线罩也是竖直放置，天线防护罩的底部即为与发射天线200b和接收天线300a两者自由端天线口相面对的部分。
具体的，天线防护罩的底部可以是向上凹的锥面或者球面，也可以是向下突出的锥面或者球面。
对于天线罩与发射天线200b和接收天线300a之间的关系，本申请给出如下一些相关实施例进行说明。
在一个实施例中，如果所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a为各自独立结构，所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a各自贴近对方的一侧，与所述天线防护罩连接或贴近。
在另一个实施例中，如果所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a为通过 单体天线沿轴线方向形成的天线隔板分隔形成，所述天线隔板与所述天线防护罩连接或贴近。
具体的，上述两实施例方案提及的连接，可以通过粘结、螺纹、螺钉、卡扣、卡槽、捆扎等方式实现，在处于正压的场合可以对天线防护罩起到支撑作用，当处于负压场合的时候为天线防护罩起到一个紧拉的作用，防止天线罩变形。
在一个实施例中，所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a两者各自面对所述天线防护罩的侧面，贴合所述天线防护罩。
具体的，天线防护罩侧面贴合发射天线200b和接收天线300a，在高压场合，发射天线200b和接收天线300a可以对天线防护罩起到支撑作用。
进一步地，所述发射天线200b和所述接收天线300a两者各自面对所述天线防护罩的侧面，形成有用于固定所述固定天线防护罩的固定机构。
具体的，发射天线200b和接收天线300a两者通过各自的固定机构对天线防护罩进行固定，能有效防止天线防护罩在处于压力场合时的变形。
在一个实施例中，所述天线罩与所述发射天线和所述接收天线所形成的内部空间，填充有能够让微波穿透的抗形变材料。
具体的，抗形变材料可以是塑料，来填充天线罩与发射天线和接收天线所形成的内部空间，使之变成实心，提高天线罩的耐压能力。
如图5至图7所示，在一个实施例中，所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
第一时钟脉冲源3，与所述第一微波脉冲源4连接；
第二时钟脉冲源5，与所述第二微波脉冲源6连接；
差频控制器2，分别与所述第一时钟脉冲源3和所述第二时钟脉冲源5连接；
中频放大器10，与所述混频器8连接；
A/D转换模块11，与所述中频模块连接；
处理模块1，分别与所述差频控制器2和所述A/D转换模块11连接。
具体的，处理模块1可以采用DSP、MCU。
进一步地，
所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
显示模块14，与所述处理模块连接。
具体的，显示模块148可以显示数据或曲线或文字，允许使用者观察当前的测量结果，并允许使用者进行参数的查询和设置。
进一步地，
所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
通信模块15，与所述处理模块连接；和/或，
接口模块16，与所述处理模块连接。
具体的，通过通信模块15和/或接口模块16，对外输出信号方式可以是4-20mA、HART、FF、profibus等方式。
对于上述的各模块部件，其相关应用可以参考相关技术中的脉冲雷达物位计，另外，在本申请的背景技术中，对于上述各模块部件，也有相应说明，因而也可以进行参考，在此不进行进一步赘述。
可以理解的是，上述各实施例中相同或相似部分可以相互参考，在一些实施例中未详细说明的内容可以参见其他实施例中相同或相似的内容。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”、“多”的含义是指至少两个。
应该理解，当我们称部件被“连接”到另一部件时，它可以直接连接到其他部件，或者也可以通过中间部件实现两者的连接。此外，这里使用的“连接”可以包括无线连接。使用的措辞“和/或”包括一个或更多个相关联的列出项的任一单元和全部组合。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为：表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本申请的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或 按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本申请的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
应当理解，本申请的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
此外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块58中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种用于测量容器内物料物位的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，包括：
    第一微波脉冲源，用于产生第一微波脉冲信号；
    发射通路，用于接收所述第一微波脉冲信号，并形成电磁波，以向目标物发射出去；
    接收通路，用于接收所述目标物反射回的电磁波，并形成反射信号；
    第二微波脉冲源，用于产生第二微波脉冲信号，其中，所述第二微波脉冲信号与所述第一微波脉冲信号两者之间存在稳定的频差；
    混频器，用于接收所述第二微波脉冲信号，以及所述反射信号，并混频形成用于确定物位距离的混频信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    所述发射通路成竖直方向设置，在自上而下的电磁波发射方向上，具有一定空间跨度，包括：
    发射馈源，用于接收所述第一微波脉冲信号，并转变为电磁波；
    发射天线，用于将所述发射馈源产生的电磁波向所述目标物发射出去；
    所述发射天线在电磁波发射方向上具有跨度；
    所述接收通路成竖直方向设置，在自下而上的电磁波接收方向上，具有一定空间跨度，包括：
    接收天线，用于接收所述目标物反射回的电磁波；
    所述接收天线在电磁波发射方向上具有跨度；
    接收馈源，用于将所述接收天线接收到的电磁波转变为所述反射信号，并输送给所述混频器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    所述发射通路还包括：
    发射波导，用于将所述发射馈源产生的电磁波传输至所述发射天线；
    所述接收通路还包括：
    接收波导，用于将所述接收天线接收到的电磁波传输至所述接收馈源。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    所述发射馈源与所述第一微波脉冲源直接或间接连接，以及所述接收馈源与所述混频器直接或间接连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    所述第一微波脉冲源与所述发射馈源之间通过第一射频线缆传输信号，以及所述混频器与所述接收馈源之间通过第二射频线缆传输信号；
    其中，所述第一射频线缆与所述第一微波脉冲源之间，所述第一射频线缆与所述发射馈源之间，所述第二射频线缆与所述混频器之间，以及所述第二射频线缆与所述接收馈源之间，均通过射频连接器连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源和所述发射天线，但不包括所述发射波导，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源和所述接收天线，但不包括所述接收波导，则所述发射馈源、所述接收馈源均形成在同一电路板上，且所述发射馈源位于所述发射天线中，以及所述接收馈源位于所述接收天线中；或者，
    如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源、所述发射波导和所述发射天线，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源、所述接收波导和所述接收天线，则所述发射馈源、所述接收馈源均形成在所述电路板上，且所述发射馈源位于所述发射波导中，以及所述接收馈源位于所述接收波导中。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源和所述发射天线，但不包括所述发射波导，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源和所述接收天线，但不包括所述接收波导，则利用形成在所述电路板上的第一微带线伸入所述发射天线中的部分形成所述发射馈源，其中，所述第一微带线与所述第一微波脉冲源直接连接；以及利用形成在所述电路板上的第二微带线伸入所述接收天线中的部分形成所述接收馈源，其中，所述第二微带线与所述混频器直接连接；或者，
    如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源、所述发射波导和所述发射天线，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源、所述接收波导和所述接收天线，则利用所 述第一微带线伸入所述发射波导中的部分形成所述发射馈源；以及利用所述第二微带线伸入所述接收波导中的部分形成所述接收馈源。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源和所述发射天线，但不包括所述发射波导，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源和所述接收天线，但不包括所述接收波导，则利用形成在所述电路板上的第一微带天线形成所述发射馈源，其中，所述第一微带天线位于所述发射天线中，且所述第一微带天线与所述第一微波脉冲源直接连接；以及利用形成在所述电路板上的第二微带天线形成所述接收馈源，其中，所述第二微带天线位于所述接收天线中，且所述第二微带线与所述混频器直接连接；或者，
    如果所述发射通路包括所述发射馈源、所述发射波导和所述发射天线，以及所述接收通路包括所述接收馈源、所述接收波导和所述接收天线，则利用所述第一微带天线形成所述发射馈源，其中，所述第一微带天线位于所述发射波导中，且所述第一微带天线与所述第一微波脉冲源直接连接；以及利用所述第二微带天线形成所述接收馈源，其中，所述第二微带天线位于所述接收波导中，且所述第二微带线与所述混频器直接连接。
  9. 根据权利要求2或3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射天线和所述接收天线为各自独立结构，且所述发射天线和所述接收天线并列贴合设置，或者，相互贴近设置。
  10. 根据权利要求2或3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射天线和所述接收天线为通过单体天线沿轴线方向形成的天线隔板分隔形成。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射波导和所述接收波导为各自独立结构，且所述发射波导和所述接收波导并列贴合设置，或者，相互贴近设置。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射波导和所述接收波导为通过单体波导沿轴线方向形成的波导隔板分隔形成。
  13. 根据权利要求3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述脉冲雷达物 位计，还包括：
    防护机构，用于阻止外部物进入所述发射通路和所述接收通路。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    所述防护机构，包括：天线防护罩，形成在所述发射天线和所述接收天线两者的自由端天线口。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    所述防护机构，包括：堵塞头，分别形成在所述发射波导和所述接收波导中，或者，分别形成在所述发射天线或所述接收天线中。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述天线防护罩的底部为平面结构，或者，外凸结构，或者，内凹结构。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    如果所述发射天线和所述接收天线为各自独立结构，所述发射天线和所述接收天线各自贴近对方的一侧，与所述天线防护罩连接或贴近。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，
    如果所述发射天线和所述接收天线为通过单体天线沿轴线方向形成的天线隔板分隔形成，所述天线隔板与所述天线防护罩连接或贴近。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射天线和所述接收天线两者各自面对所述天线防护罩的侧面，贴合所述天线防护罩。
  20. 根据权利要求14所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射天线和所述接收天线两者各自面对所述天线防护罩的侧面，形成有用于固定所述固定天线防护罩的固定机构。
  21. 根据权利要求14所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述天线罩与所述发射天线和所述接收天线所形成的内部空间，填充有能够让微波穿透的抗形变材料。
  22. 根据权利要求2或3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射天线和所述接收天线均为喇叭天线或者透镜天线。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述脉冲雷达物 位计，还包括：
    第一时钟脉冲源，与所述第一微波脉冲源连接；
    第二时钟脉冲源，与所述第二微波脉冲源连接；
    差频控制器，分别与所述第一时钟脉冲源和所述第二时钟脉冲源连接；
    中频放大器，与所述混频器连接；
    A/D转换模块，与所述中频模块连接；
    处理模块，分别与所述差频控制器和所述A/D转换模块连接。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
    显示模块，与所述处理模块连接。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述脉冲雷达物位计，还包括：
    通信模块，与所述处理模块连接；和/或，
    接口模块，与所述处理模块连接。
  26. 根据权利要求2或3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射馈源和所述接收馈源是线极化馈源。
  27. 根据权利要求2或3所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射馈源和所述接收馈源是圆极化馈源，且两者极化方向相反，其中，一者是左旋极化方向，另一者是右旋极化方向。
  28. 根据权利要求11所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射波导和所述接收波导是横截面为半圆形的柱形结构，且所述发射波导和所述接收波导的平面侧面相互靠近或贴紧，以形成为圆柱形外轮廓。
  29. 根据权利要求9所述的脉冲雷达物位计，其特征在于，所述发射天线和所述接收天线是横截面为半圆形的锥形结构，且所述发射天线和所述接收天线的平面侧面相互靠近或贴紧，以形成为圆锥形外轮廓。
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