WO2021078547A2 - Objectif, appareil de prise de vues et procédés de fabrication associés - Google Patents

Objectif, appareil de prise de vues et procédés de fabrication associés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021078547A2
WO2021078547A2 PCT/EP2020/078531 EP2020078531W WO2021078547A2 WO 2021078547 A2 WO2021078547 A2 WO 2021078547A2 EP 2020078531 W EP2020078531 W EP 2020078531W WO 2021078547 A2 WO2021078547 A2 WO 2021078547A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
photo
lens
bodies
base body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/078531
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2021078547A3 (fr
Inventor
Markus Schwab
Momchil Davidkov
Georg Michels
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss Ag
tooz technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Zeiss Ag, tooz technologies GmbH filed Critical Carl Zeiss Ag
Publication of WO2021078547A2 publication Critical patent/WO2021078547A2/fr
Publication of WO2021078547A3 publication Critical patent/WO2021078547A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
    • G02B13/0065—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element having a beam-folding prism or mirror
    • G02B13/007—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element having a beam-folding prism or mirror the beam folding prism having at least one curved surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0621—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0626—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using three curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0642—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0663—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0836—Catadioptric systems using more than three curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0848—Catadioptric systems using more than three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
    • G03B13/32—Means for focusing
    • G03B13/34—Power focusing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G03B17/04—Bodies collapsible, foldable or extensible, e.g. book type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G03B17/17—Bodies with reflectors arranged in beam forming the photographic image, e.g. for reducing dimensions of camera
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00596—Mirrors

Definitions

  • Photographic lens image recording device and method for their manufacture
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a photo lens, a method for producing an image recording device, a photo lens and an image recording device.
  • a photo lens is a focusable lens, whereby the focusing, that is the distance setting or also focusing, can take place, for example, by moving optical elements in the lens.
  • photo lenses with a variably adjustable focal length are known.
  • zoom lenses are also known in which the focal length can be continuously adjusted in a range.
  • camera lenses in which the focal length is only discretely limited to certain values, e.g. B. three different focal lengths can assume.
  • the camera lens can have a diaphragm.
  • photo lenses commonly used today. These photo lenses are mostly dioptric photo lenses, that is, photo lenses that only have refractive elements as imaging optical elements. Photo lenses which have refractive and reflective elements as imaging optical elements are referred to as catadioptric photo lenses. Due to the use of reflective elements, a folding of the beam path is possible in catadioptric photo lenses, which enables smaller dimensions of a catadioptric photo lens compared to a dioptric photo lens of the same focal length.
  • a dioptric optical image recording system that can be used as the objective of a compact flat camera is disclosed, for example, in DE 697 15 198 T2.
  • the image pickup optical system has a front lens group and a rear lens group and a folded optical axis.
  • Two planar reflective elements fold the optical axis at an angle of approx. 90 °, with the planar reflective elements contributing nothing to the image.
  • the image-forming optical elements are therefore all dioptric elements, ie refractive elements.
  • a camera system for recording stereoscopic images in which each imaging beam path has a three-dimensionally folded optical axis, is described in US Pat. No. 7,856,181 B2.
  • Flat reflective surfaces are used as the elements that fold the optical axis, and dioptric elements are used as the image-forming optical elements.
  • Dioptric systems exhibit color errors due to dispersion when passing through the lenses. Although these color errors can be largely minimized by using several lenses with different dispersion properties, increasing the number of lenses leads to an increase in weight and thus to relatively heavy lenses.
  • US Pat. No. 4,690,516 discloses a catadioptric photo objective which has an optical axis folded by 180 degrees.
  • the imaging beam path coming from the objective opening is reflected back in the direction of the objective opening by means of a main mirror.
  • a secondary mirror which deflects the beam path back into its original direction. This secondary mirror leads to an obscuration in the beam path, sometimes also called obstruction, which leads to a loss of opening area and a reduction in contrast due to diffraction effects.
  • a catoptric optical element is known from DE 696 18 689 T2, which z. B. is suitable for photo cameras, video cameras or copiers.
  • the use of many reflective surfaces and their special arrangement enables a compact design of the optical element.
  • the interior of the optical element is covered with a translucent material, e.g. B. glass, filled so that a translucent body is formed. This enables the use of molding processes, so that productivity can be increased and manufacturing costs can be reduced.
  • the optical element can comprise a hollow core block.
  • US Pat. No. 5,078,502 A also describes a catoptric system which enables production with a compact size.
  • DE 697 28 804 T2 discloses an optical magnification system with at least two optical elements, one of which has reflective surfaces and the other has refractive surfaces.
  • the reflection surfaces can be formed in a rigid transparent body.
  • the optical elements can move in relation to one another in order to achieve an enlargement.
  • JP 2004-258 541 A describes a reflective optical system in which the reflective surfaces do not have a common optical axis.
  • This photo lens comprises image-forming optical elements which are arranged along a folded optical axis.
  • the optical axis is divided into at least two sections.
  • the angle between the sections of the optical axis before and after the folding is less than 180 °.
  • the image-forming optical elements include reflective elements.
  • at least one image-forming optical reflective element has a reflective surface that is not curved in a rotationally symmetrical manner.
  • Rotationally symmetrically curved surfaces are to be considered both those surfaces that are sections of rotationally symmetrical surfaces, ie that can be added to a rotationally symmetrical surface, and those surfaces that cannot be added to a rotationally symmetrical surface.
  • the photographic lens exclusively has reflective elements as image-forming optical elements, no chromatic aberrations occur, which is particularly favorable in the case of photographic lenses with a long focal length.
  • the photo lens enables an obscuration-free imaging system.
  • a catoptric photo lens can be constructed with fewer optical elements than a dioptric or a catadioptric photo lens, since no color error induced by a dioptric element has to be compensated for by a further dioptric element.
  • At least one of the reflective surfaces which are not curved in a rotationally symmetrical manner can be designed as a freeform surface.
  • monochromatic imaging errors such as spherical aberration, astigmatism, coma, etc. can be corrected.
  • a free-form surface can be understood in the broader sense as a complex surface which can be represented in particular by means of regionally defined functions, in particular twice continuously differentiable regionally defined functions.
  • suitable regionally defined functions are (in particular piecewise) polynomial functions (in particular polynomial splines, such as bicubic splines, higher-degree splines of the fourth degree or higher, or polynomial non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS)).
  • a freeform surface does not need to have any axial symmetry or point symmetry and can have different values for the mean surface power in different areas of the surface.
  • the production of a freeform surface on an optical element takes place in the Usually by machining the optical element, for example by milling, as part of a CNC process in which the free-form surface is produced in a numerically controlled manner on the basis of a mathematical description of the surface.
  • the negative compression mold must be machined with the appropriate additions for temperature-dependent shrinkage using a CNC process.
  • the optical axis of the photo lens can be folded at least twice. With each fold, the angles between the sections of the optical axis before and after the fold can be less than 180 °.
  • the second fold of the optical axis can take place in the same plane as the first fold, or it can lie in a different plane than the first fold, whereby a three-dimensional variant can be realized, in particular if at least one of the reflective elements is neither rotationally symmetrical nor has an axially symmetrically curved reflective surface.
  • the position of the object axis relative to the image axis can be freely selected; H. parallel to each other or at any angle between the object axis and the image axis. This configuration therefore enables a very variable adaptation of the lens to a given installation space.
  • the reflective elements can comprise at least two reflective elements, the reflective surfaces of which are shaped in such a way that different imaging scales are present in the shaped image in two directions perpendicular to one another and to the optical axis. In this way, what is known as anamorphic imaging can be realized; H. an image with different image scales along the axes of a two-dimensional coordinate system in the image plane.
  • the reflective elements can comprise at least two reflective elements, the reflective surfaces of which are shaped in such a way that a different number of intermediate images is produced for two mutually perpendicular image expansion directions.
  • a mapping is called a choral mapping.
  • At least one of the image-forming optical elements of the photo objective can have a section of a rotationally symmetrically curved reflective surface, the optical axis of the rotationally symmetrically curved reflective surface not penetrating the image-forming optical element.
  • the photo lens can be reduced by a scaling factor of 0.1, so that the photo lens can be used in an improved manner for cell phone cameras or other miniaturized image recording devices.
  • the photographic lens can have a telefactor of more than 3.
  • the photo lens can be dimensioned in such a way that it illuminates a maximum sensor area of 120 mm 2 , a maximum sensor area of 60 mm 2 or a maximum sensor area of 30 mm 2 of an image sensor, whereby a sufficiently bright image of the recorded object is generated in each case.
  • a distance between the image plane and the center of gravity is less than a quarter, preferably less than a sixth, of a focal length of the photo lens.
  • the folded optical axis of the photo objective can have a three-dimensional fold.
  • the photo lens described is suitable for installation in a compact image recording device, e.g. B. a photo camera, or other electronic device that includes such a compact image pickup device.
  • the compact image recording device can, for example, comprise an image sensor which has a sensor area of a maximum of 120 mm 2 , a maximum of 60 mm 2 or a maximum of 30 mm 2.
  • the photo lens in a mobile terminal such as. B. a mobile phone with a camera function, smartphone, tablet, etc., or another device of a similar size with a camera function, such. B. a reversing camera or other on-board camera of a vehicle, a camera or a camera attachment (adapter) with several photo lenses, but also, for example, a camera on board a drone or one other light flying object or a camera of a surveillance system or (part of) a 360 ° camera system can be used and built into this.
  • a mobile terminal such as. B. a mobile phone with a camera function, smartphone, tablet, etc.
  • another device of a similar size with a camera function such. B. a reversing camera or other on-board camera of a vehicle, a camera or a camera attachment (adapter) with several photo lenses, but also, for example, a camera on board a drone or one other light flying object or a camera of a surveillance system or (part of) a 360 ° camera system can
  • the image recording device can also be designed for recording image sequences, i. H. it can also be a film camera.
  • a photo lens with improved manageability and an image recording device are to be specified.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for setting a photo lens, comprising a transparent base body and image-forming optical elements which are arranged along a folded optical axis, the angle between sections of the optical axis before and after the folding being less than 180 degrees and wherein the image-forming optical elements comprise reflective elements, at least one of which has a non-rotationally symmetrically curved reflective surface.
  • the method includes the manufacture of a transparent base body and the formation of image-forming optical elements in the base body.
  • the image-forming optical elements of the photo objective preferably have freeform surfaces. More preferably, the photo objective can have exclusively reflective elements as imaging optical elements.
  • the photographic lens can particularly preferably be dimensioned in such a way that it illuminates a maximum sensor area of 120 mm 2 , in particular a maximum of 60 mm 2 and preferably a maximum of 30 mm 2 , of an image sensor.
  • a transparent base body is formed into which image-forming optical elements are introduced at predeterminable positions during or after its manufacture.
  • Translucent refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation for which the photo lens is to be used, e.g. B. visible light.
  • the base body must be at least so permeable, i. H. transparent, so that after the rays have passed through the photo lens, an image of an object viewed with the photo lens can be recorded.
  • the base body can be made from a thermoplastic and / or thermosetting polymer material or glass material.
  • thermoplastic material for.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PA polyamide, z. B. Trogamid CX
  • COP cycloolefin copolymers, z. B. Zeonex ® and Topas ®
  • PC polycarbonate, poly (bisphenol-A carbonate), eg. B . Makrolon ®), LSR (Liquid Silicone Rubber, z. B. Silopren ®, Elastosil ®), PSU (polysulfone, z. B. Ultrason ®), PES (polyether sulfone) and / or PAS (polyarylene sulfone) may be used.
  • thermosetting material for.
  • ADC allyl Diglykolcarbonat, z. B. CR-39
  • polyacrylate polyacrylate
  • PUR polyurethane, z. B. trivex ®
  • PTU polythiourethanes, z. B. MR-8, MR-7
  • Episulfide / polythiol based polymers e.g. MR-174.
  • a combination of polymer material and glass material, as well as various polymer and / or glass materials, can also be possible.
  • a manufacture from glass can, for. B. be done by compression molding.
  • a primary forming process such as injection molding, RIM, casting
  • a forming process such as thermoforming, hot embossing
  • a abrasive and / or separating process such as diamond cutting, for example
  • ion bombardment, etching can be used.
  • such tools can preferably be used which enable the base body to be created with an acceptable surface quality without reworking. Any material loss should also be taken into account during production.
  • the image-forming optical elements for. B. reflective surfaces, d. H. they are integrated into the main body.
  • the base body can be provided with a reflective coating at predeterminable positions, or reflective elements can be incorporated into the base body.
  • An arrangement in the base body is nevertheless to be understood as an arrangement on the base body, that is to say on its outer boundary.
  • the reflective coating can be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, sputtering, CVD (chemical vapor deposition), wet coating, etc.
  • the coating can be a single layer. However, it is also possible to apply several layers. Furthermore, at least one layer for flaft mediation, a layer for mechanical compensation, a protective layer (diffusion / migration, thermal protection, chemical protection, UV protection, etc.) can be applied.
  • the optically effective coating can be designed for special wavelengths or spectral ranges.
  • At least one metal, at least one metal oxide and / or at least one metal nitride can be used for the reflective coating.
  • an organic material and / or a polymer material can be used.
  • so-called hybrid materials such as. B. organic inorganic hybrid systems, organically modified silanes / polysiloxanes can be used.
  • the photo lens is preferably designed as a component, so that it can be installed as a component in an image recording device.
  • the photographic lens can be completed.
  • at least one machining step that removes material for example in order to produce a desired external shape.
  • at least one surface-finishing process step can also be carried out, such as, for. B. the application of an anti-reflective coating, a hard layer, etc.
  • a photographic lens produced with such a method is characterized by cost-effective production, since only a few parts, e.g. B. ⁇ 3 parts must be manufactured.
  • the integration of the image-forming optical elements into the base body results in a one-piece photo lens, so that assembly and adjustment can be carried out with less effort.
  • Entry and exit surfaces in the base body can be planar, spherical or designed as a free-form surface.
  • the wavefront can advantageously be corrected better with each additional free-form surface.
  • the base body can be manufactured from several sub-bodies. After their production, the partial bodies are put together and connected to one another in order to obtain the basic body.
  • the partial bodies can be connected to one another in such a way that a compact monolithic base body is created.
  • a solid body prevents particle deposits and other soiling of the optical elements.
  • the connection of the body parts can be made cohesively, for. B. by gluing, cementing, potting. A positive connection or a combination of the techniques mentioned is also possible.
  • adhesives for. B. acrylate, polyurethane, epoxythiol, epoxyamine or silicone adhesives can be used.
  • the curing of the adhesive can e.g. B. be done thermally or by UV radiation.
  • adhesives can be used whose refractive index is adapted to the refractive index of one of the partial bodies to be connected.
  • the partial bodies can be glued, for example, based on the method described in DE 10 2015 102 032 A1 or in DE 10 2015 114 990 A1.
  • an elongated recess can be provided which at least partially surrounds at least one of the surfaces to be bonded.
  • the adhesive can then be applied over the entire area to one of the two or both surfaces to be bonded, with excess adhesive being able to be absorbed by the recess.
  • the adhesive is then cured.
  • the elongated recess allows an excessive amount of adhesive to be used. A little too much adhesive can therefore be applied in a targeted manner, in order to avoid the application of too little adhesive, which among other things. can lead to insufficient strength of the adhesive bond, especially in the edge area of the surface to be bonded.
  • the elongated recess can be viewed as an adhesive reservoir, which prevents, in the event of a withdrawal of the adhesive, e.g. B. as a result of shrinkage, air penetrates into the joint gap, that is, between the two surfaces to be bonded.
  • the partial bodies can also be connected based on the method described in DE 10 2014 207 494 A1. Accordingly, the part of the body can be separated, for. B. manufactured by means of an injection molding process be, wherein a part of the body can be made as a main part and a further part of the body as an insert element for insertion into a corresponding recess of the main part.
  • the two part bodies can be glued after they have been put together, preferably only those surfaces are glued that are not traversed by the light beam when the virtual image is displayed.
  • the partial bodies can also be provided with a reflective coating at least in sections, so that an image-forming optical element is formed and positioned with the connection of the partial bodies.
  • a positive connection of partial bodies can be brought about, for example, in that one of the partial bodies is formed with a recess and the other partial body is formed with a section that protrudes complementarily to the recess and the two partial bodies are then placed one inside the other.
  • the mutually facing contact surfaces can be glued.
  • Such a method is disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2014 114 238 B3 for spectacle lenses and can accordingly be transferred to the partial bodies of the photographic lens.
  • part-bodies at least in sections at a distance from one another, so that a cavity results between the part-bodies, which can optionally be filled with gas, e.g. B. air, can be filled.
  • gas e.g. B. air
  • the connection of the partial body can for this purpose. B. be done by nesting, gluing or encircling pouring.
  • Such a cavity advantageously has no dispersion and consequently does not cause a chromatic error.
  • the weight of the photo lens can be reduced in comparison to a photo lens of the same dimensions with a solid body without a cavity.
  • the geometric shapes of the partial bodies can preferably be determined in such a way that undercuts can be avoided during their production and, depending on the production process, simple demolding is possible without impairing the properties.
  • the body parts can be made of different materials, e.g. B. materials with different refractive indices. It is also possible to form several groups of sub-bodies, the sub-bodies of a group each having the same properties, ie z. B. can be made of the same material.
  • an interface of at least one part of the body so z.
  • an interface at the boundary between two directly adjoining part-bodies or an interface between a part-body and a cavity can be designed as planar, spherical or as a free-form surface.
  • free-form surface reference is made to the explanations in the introductory description.
  • Plane interfaces are less sensitive to translation and are suitable for larger manufacturing tolerances. Free-form surfaces are significantly more sensitive in this regard, but in return enable good wavefront correction. Spherical interfaces enable a compromise between the properties of plane interfaces and freeform surfaces.
  • the possibility of manufacturing the base body from several sub-bodies as well as the described various design variants of the sub-bodies and their connection to the base body advantageously allow a diverse variation of the optical properties of the photo lens, so that it can be adapted to different uses and installation and environmental conditions.
  • At least one part of the body can be designed to be actuatable.
  • the base body can be manufactured using an injection molding process and / or a RIM process.
  • This also relates to the possibility of manufacturing the base body from several sub-bodies, ie one or more sub-bodies can also be manufactured by means of injection molding. Injection molding is preferably carried out in connection with the use of a polymer material, ie as plastic injection molding.
  • Injection molding enables simple and inexpensive production of the partial bodies or the base body. It is preferably suitable for mass production, so that photo lenses for mass applications, e.g. B. in mobile devices, can be produced.
  • Injection molding can take place, for example, as described in DE 10 2015 116 A1. Accordingly, the main body or also a partial body can be created as a body which comprises a small-volume section and a large-volume section.
  • a preliminary body is produced by means of injection molding, an area being omitted in this preliminary body opposite the finished body, the omitted area being in that section of the preliminary body which corresponds to the large-volume section in the finished body .
  • the body is completed by adding the area left out during injection molding to the preliminary body after the injection-molded preliminary body has solidified.
  • large volume and small volume do not refer to the absolute volume of the sections. Instead, in the small-volume section, the distance between the volume element furthest from a surface of the corresponding section and the closest surface should be at most half the distance that the volume element furthest from a surface of this section has from the nearest surface in the large-volume section. In this sense, a small-volume section can even have a larger absolute volume as a large-volume section if the small-volume section has a significantly flatter geometry compared to the large-volume section.
  • Such a method has the advantage that bodies, e.g. B. base body or part body within the meaning of this application, which areas with very different volumes or very different geometries - and thus a large-volume area and a small-volume area - can be produced using an injection molding process.
  • the differences in the volumes or geometries are reduced by omitting the area in the preliminary body to be produced with the injection molding process, thereby reducing the difficulties that arise during injection molding due to large volume differences or greatly different geometries.
  • the volumes of the individual areas of the preliminary body can be matched to one another in such a way that the heat of the injection molding material can be dissipated from the individual areas largely at the same speed as it cools and solidifies, so that the formation of hot zones within the injection molding material can be reliably avoided can be.
  • This makes it possible for the injection molding material to solidify more uniformly in the preliminary body, as a result of which tensions in the cooled material, which can impair the optical properties, can largely be avoided, and the volume shrinkage becomes more even.
  • the volume shrinkage By equalizing the volume shrinkage, the development of stresses, which can impair the optical properties, can also be reduced. Overall, the formation of mechanical stresses leading to birefringence in the injection-molded body can thus be largely avoided.
  • the injection molding process can be carried out using a molding tool, as described e.g. B. is described in DE 10 2016 119 636 B3.
  • the one described in DE 10 2016 119 636 B3 The impression tool has at least one controllable setting element with which the position of an impression core of the impression tool can be determined.
  • the control can change the dimensions of the setting element and / or exert pressure on other elements in order to carry out an adjustment. This enables the impression tool to be adjusted without dismantling.
  • the accuracy of the injection molding process can be increased so that injection molded parts with tolerances in the range of a few micrometers can be obtained.
  • RIM Reaction Injection Molding
  • two or more components mixed with one another are injected as a reaction mass into a shaping tool and cured, ie. H. networked.
  • the crosslinking of the polymer can be induced not only by mixing the components, but also, for example, thermally and / or by UV exposure. Due to their low viscosity, the RIM reaction masses have a more favorable flow behavior compared to thermoplastic melts such as those used in injection molding processes.
  • a RIM process can also be used to enclose bodies with a component formed from the reaction mass.
  • a RIM method can be carried out based on the method described in DE 10 2014 113 966 A1, for example. So there is the possibility of applying a protective layer made of a thermosetting material by casting. Here, the RIM process can also be carried out in successive partial steps, so that any loss associated with production can be reduced.
  • the base body can be designed as such or the base body can be coated with a coating, e.g. B. be provided with a protective layer.
  • the base body can be positioned in the mold in such a way that the desired formation of a protective layer takes place.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing an image recording device. The method includes the installation of a photographic lens produced by means of a method according to the description above in a basic device.
  • the term basic device refers to the remaining components of the image recording device to be manufactured, so that the image recording device is created by adding the photo lens and possibly further components.
  • the image recording device can comprise an image sensor, the sensor surface having an area of preferably a maximum of 120 mm 2 , more preferably a maximum of 60 mm 2 and particularly preferably a maximum of 30 mm 2 .
  • the image recording device can be used as a camera or as a mobile device with a camera function, such as. B. be designed as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet, etc. with a camera function, or as another device of a similar size with a camera function.
  • the image recording device can also be designed for recording image sequences, i. H. it can also be a film camera.
  • a photographic lens which comprises a base body having a plurality of partial bodies and image-forming optical elements.
  • the optical elements are arranged along a folded optical axis, the angle between portions of the optical axis before and after the folding being less than 180 degrees and wherein the image-forming optical elements comprise reflective elements, at least one of which has a non-rotationally symmetrically curved reflective surface.
  • Such a photo lens can be produced, for example, by means of one of the methods described above for producing a photo lens. All statements relating to the invention The method can be applied analogously to the photographic lens according to the invention.
  • the partial bodies can be connected to one another at least in sections at a distance from one another.
  • the partial bodies can have different materials.
  • an interface of at least one part of the body can be designed as planar, spherical or as a free-form surface.
  • At least one part of the body can be designed to be actuatable.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to an image recording device with a photo lens as described above.
  • Such an image recording device can be produced, for example, by means of one of the methods described above for positioning an image recording device. All statements relating to the method according to the invention can be transferred analogously to the image recording device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary photo lens with a two-dimensional folding of the optical axis and a focal length of 800 mm and an aperture of 4.0.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary photo lens with a three-dimensional folding of the optical axis and a focal length of 300 mm and an aperture of 4.0.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary image recording device with a catoptric lens.
  • 4a shows an exemplary compact photo lens.
  • FIG. 4b shows an image recording device with the photo lens of FIG. 4a in a side view.
  • FIG. 4c shows the image recording device of FIG. 4b in a front view.
  • FIG. 4d shows the image-forming optical elements and the beam path of the photo objective of FIG. 4a in an enlarged representation in a front view.
  • FIG. 4e shows the image-forming optical elements and the beam path of the photo objective of FIG. 4a in an enlarged illustration in a side view.
  • Fig. 5a shows an exemplary photo lens with a one-piece base body.
  • 5b shows an exemplary photo lens with a monolithic base body made up of two sub-bodies.
  • FIG. 5c shows a further exemplary photo lens with a monolithic base body made up of two sub-bodies.
  • 5d shows a further exemplary photo lens with a monolithic base body made up of two sub-bodies.
  • FIG. 5e shows a further exemplary photo lens with a monolithic base body made up of two sub-bodies.
  • FIG. 5f shows a further exemplary photo lens with a monolithic base body made up of two sub-bodies.
  • 5g shows an exemplary photo lens with a monolithic base body made up of three sub-bodies.
  • 6a shows an exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of two partial bodies of the same material, in which the partial bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another.
  • 6b shows an exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of two sub-bodies of different materials, in which the sub-bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another.
  • 6c shows a further exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of two sub-bodies of different materials, in which the sub-bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another.
  • 6d shows a further exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of two sub-bodies of different materials, in which the sub-bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another.
  • 6e shows an exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of three sub-bodies, in which the sub-bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another.
  • 6f shows a further exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of three sub-bodies, in which the sub-bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another.
  • FIG. 6g shows an exemplary photo lens with a base body made up of two sub-bodies, in which the sub-bodies are connected to one another at a distance from one another in sections.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method for adjusting a photographic lens.
  • the beam path of an exemplary photo lens 11 is first described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. To improve clarity, only the image-forming optical elements, the object plane, the optical axis and the image sensor are shown together with the beam path. For specific configurations of the camera lens 11, reference is made to the explanations relating to FIGS. 4, 5a-g and 6a-g.
  • the photo lens 11 in Fig. 1 comprises reflective image-forming optical elements 3a-h, which along a two-dimensionally folded optical Axis OA are arranged and which generate an image of an object located in the object plane 1 at the location of an image sensor 2.
  • the optical axis OA has a plurality of sections OA1 to OA9, sections lying next to one another being folded by less than 180 ° in each case.
  • the two-dimensional folding means here that all sections OA1 to OA9 of the optical axis OA lie in a common plane. This means that the image sensor 2 can be moved to the object plane 1 as desired within this common plane. In addition, the image sensor 2 can be rotated relative to the object plane 1 about an axis of rotation pointing out of the plane.
  • the surfaces of the reflective elements 3a-h are reflective surfaces which are not curved in a rotationally symmetrical manner, which makes it possible to fold the beam path.
  • one or more of the surfaces of the reflective elements 3a-h is or are designed as freeform surfaces, as a result of which monochromatic imaging errors can be corrected.
  • the optical structure of the photo objective 11 can be kept small.
  • the photo objective 11 shown in FIG. 1 can also comprise at least two reflective elements 3a-h, the reflective surfaces of which are shaped in such a way that different imaging scales are present in the shaped image in two directions perpendicular to one another and to the optical axis OA. As a result, anamorphic images are possible. Additionally or alternatively, the photo objective 11 shown in FIG. 1 can comprise at least two reflective elements 3a-h, the reflective surfaces of which are shaped in such a way that for two mutually perpendicular directions of image expansion a different number of Intermediate images are created. This enables a choral representation.
  • an iris diaphragm 5 is present in the photo lens 11 at an accessible point, so that the photo lens 11 can be dimmed down.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photographic objective 11 with a two-dimensionally folded optical axis OA
  • FIG. 2 shows a photographic objective 11 with a three-dimensionally folded optical axis OA, i. H. a photographic lens 11 in which not all sections OA1 to OA9 of the optical axis OA lie in a common plane.
  • the section OA8 thus has a directional component which points into the plane of the drawing in FIG.
  • the image sensor 2 can be arranged displaced relative to the reflective elements 3a to 3f perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the orientation of the image sensor 2 has an arbitrary angle with respect to the orientation of the image plane 1, ie. H. the surface normal of the image sensor 2 can be oriented as desired relative to the surface normal of the image plane 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an image recording device 10 designed as a photo camera with an image sensor 2 and a photo lens 11.
  • the photo lens 11 can in particular be a photo lens 11, as has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 or below with reference to FIGS. 4a -e, 5a-g and 6a-g will be described.
  • the photo lens 11 can be used for small format image sensors. It is characterized by the fact that it has no obscuration and can be dimmed. By scaling the photo lens 11 by a factor of 0.1, the photo lens 11 can also be implemented with focal lengths in the range from 15 to 20 mm, so that it can be used as a photo lens 11 for a camera for cell phones.
  • the image recording device 10 can therefore also be implemented as a mobile phone, tablet or a similar device with a camera.
  • the photo lens 11 has several advantages. As a catoptric lens, it has no chromatic aberrations, which is particularly beneficial for lenses with a long focal length. Furthermore, the photo lens 11 is an obscuration-free imaging system.
  • the catoptric photo lens 11 can be implemented with fewer optical elements than a dioptric or catadioptric lens, so that the photo lens 11 can be lighter than a dioptric or a catadioptric photo lens.
  • the mirror surfaces are usually thinner than comparable lenses, which leads to additional weight savings.
  • the photo lens 11 enables the position and orientation of the image plane to be shifted and rotated relative to the position and orientation of the object plane 1.
  • the existing coatings also allow high reflectivity even at large angles of reflection, so that large angles of reflection can also be used in the photo objective 11.
  • FIGS. 4a-4e show an image recording device 10, which is a smartphone, with a compact photo lens 11.
  • the photo objective 11 has a transparent base body 12 made of a polymer material and a plurality of image-forming optical elements 3a-3h which are reflective elements and which are designed as reflective free-form surfaces in the base body 12.
  • the rays are guided through the entry surface 17 into the base body and leave it again through the exit surface 4. After leaving the base body 12 through the exit surface 4, the rays are directed onto the image sensor 2.
  • the entry surface 17 and / or the exit surface 4 can be planar, spherical or designed as a free-form surface.
  • the wavefront can advantageously be corrected better with each additional free-form surface.
  • the base body 12 is formed monolithically from one body and was manufactured by means of a RIM process. Alternatively, an injection molding process would also be possible.
  • the image-forming optical elements 3a-3h were applied to the base body 12 by means of a coating method, e.g. B. a sputtering process or vapor deposition process.
  • the photo lens 11 is characterized by its compact size. Possible dimensions are e.g. B. 28mm x 7mm x 6mm.
  • the image sensor 2 can have a size of 4.8 mm ⁇ 3.6 mm, ie the photo objective 11 can be designed as a 1/3 "objective.
  • a focal length of 20 mm with a maximum adjustable f-number of 2.8 corresponds to a focal length of 150 mm with a maximum adjustable f-number of 2.8 in small picture format (24 mm x 36 mm).
  • FIG. 4a shows a monochromatic photo objective 11.
  • an achromatic design is also possible.
  • FIG. 4b shows an image recording device 10 which has a base body 16 and the photo lens 11 according to FIG. 4a. It can be seen that the photographic lens 11 can be easily installed or integrated into the base body 16 in spite of the narrow design of the base body.
  • the image recording device 10 of Figure 4b is shown in a front view.
  • the photo lens 11 can be present in addition to a further photo lens in the image recording device 10 or it can represent the sole photo lens.
  • Figures 4d and 4e show the image-forming elements 3a-3h and the beam path of the photo lens 11 in an enlarged representation in front and side views.
  • another photo lens 11 e.g.
  • one of the photo lenses 11 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5a-g or 6a-g can be installed in the basic device 16 in order to create an image recording device 10.
  • FIGS. 5a-5g show camera lenses 11 with a monolithic base body 12, the base body 12 being constructed in one piece - as in FIG. 5a - or in several parts from partial bodies 13a-c - as in FIGS. 5b-5g. Different materials are represented by different hatching.
  • Each of the exemplary photo objectives 11 shown comprises, in addition to the transparent base body 12, a plurality of image-forming optical elements 3a-h, each of which is reflective elements acts.
  • the entry surface 17 and the exit surface 4 reference is made to the explanations relating to FIG.
  • All camera lenses 11 of FIGS. 5a-5g also have in common that the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are arranged along a folded optical axis OA, the angle a between the sections of the optical axis OA1-OA9 before and after the folding being less than 180 Degree is. At least one of the image-forming optical elements 3a-h has a non-rotationally symmetrically curved reflective surface.
  • the base body 12 or the partial bodies 13a-c can be manufactured, for example, from a polymer material by means of an injection molding process or a RIM process.
  • the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are formed on the base body 12 or the sub-bodies 13a-c by providing the base body 12 or the sub-bodies 13a-c with a reflective coating at predeterminable positions. Further details of the setting method for camera lenses 11 are explained below with reference to FIG.
  • the photo objective 11 of FIG. 5 a comprises a one-piece, transparent base body 12.
  • the photo lenses 11 of FIGS. 5b-g each comprise a multi-part, transparent base body 12 which is made up of two sub-bodies 13a, 13b (FIGS. 5b-f) or three sub-bodies 13a-c (FIG. 5g), which are connected to one another without a gap.
  • the sub-bodies 13a-c directly adjoin one another, the respective boundary surfaces 14 being able to be designed as planar, spherical or as a free-form surface.
  • the partial bodies 13a and 13b consist of two different materials. Materials with different dispersions or Abbe numbers can preferably be combined with one another in order to be able to correct chromatic errors.
  • the partial body 13c of FIG. 5g consists of the same material as the partial body 13a.
  • the partial bodies 13a-c can each be manufactured from a polymer material by means of injection molding or can be glued to one another or be or be cemented.
  • the photographic lenses 11 of FIGS. 5b-g differ due to the arrangement of the partial bodies 13a-c.
  • FIG. 5b shows an embodiment in which two partial bodies 13a, b of approximately the same size are connected to one another.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are arranged alternately in or on the first partial body 13a or the second partial body 13b.
  • the beam path accordingly runs alternately through the two partial bodies 13a, b.
  • FIG. 5c shows an embodiment in which a small partial body 13a and a large partial body 13b are connected to one another.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical elements 3a-g are formed in the partial body 13b, while the image-forming optical element 3h is formed in the partial body 13a.
  • the beam path accordingly runs first through the body part 13b and then through the body part 13a.
  • FIG. 5d shows an embodiment in which a small part body 13a and a large part body 13b are also connected to one another.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical element 3a is formed in the partial body 13a, while the image-forming optical elements 3b-h are formed in the partial body 13b.
  • the beam path accordingly runs first through the body part 13a and then through the body part 13b.
  • FIG. 5e shows an embodiment in which a small part body 13a and a large part body 13b are also connected to one another. All of the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are formed in the partial body 13b. The beam path initially runs through the body part 13a and then through the body part 13b.
  • FIG. 5f shows an embodiment in which a small part body 13a and a large part body 13b are also connected to one another.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical element 3d is formed in the partial body 13a, while the remaining image-forming optical elements 3a-c and 3e-h are formed in the partial body 13b.
  • the beam path initially runs through the body part 13b, then through the body part 13a and then again through the body part 13b.
  • FIG. 5g shows an embodiment with three sub-bodies 13a-c, the sub-bodies 13a and 13c being made of the same material and the sub-body 13b having a different material.
  • the partial bodies 13a-c are arranged such that the image-forming optical elements 3a, 3c, 3e and 3g are formed in the partial body 13a, while the image-forming optical elements 3b, 3d, 3f and 3h are formed in the partial body 13c. There are no image-forming optical elements in the partial body 13b.
  • the beam path runs from the partial body 13a through the partial body 13b into the partial body 13c and from the partial body 13c back via the partial body 13b into the partial body 13a, etc.
  • FIGS. 6a-6g show photographic lenses 11 with a base body 12 having a plurality of sub-bodies 13a-c, the sub-bodies 13a-c being connected to one another at least in sections at a distance from one another, so that a flea space 15 is formed.
  • the flea space 15 can be filled with a gas, e.g. B. air, be filled.
  • a gas e.g. B. air
  • Different materials are represented by different hatching.
  • Each of the exemplary photo lenses 11 shown comprises, in addition to the transparent base body 12, a plurality of image-forming optical elements 3a-h, each of which is reflective elements.
  • All the camera lenses 11 of FIGS. 6a-6g also have in common that the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are arranged along a folded optical axis OA, the angle a between the sections of the optical axis OA1-OA9 before and after the folding being less than 180 Degree is. At least one of the image-forming optical elements 3a-h has a non-rotationally symmetrically curved reflective surface.
  • the partial bodies 13a-c can for example be manufactured from a polymer material by means of an injection molding process or a RIM process.
  • the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are formed on the base body 12 or the sub-bodies 13a-c by providing the base body 12 or the sub-bodies 13a-c with a reflective coating at predeterminable positions. Further details of the manufacturing method for camera lenses 11 are explained below with reference to FIG.
  • the photographic lenses 11 of FIGS. 6a-d and FIG. 6g each comprise a multi-part, transparent base body 12 which is made up of two sub-bodies 13a, 13b, while the photographic lenses 11 of FIGS. 6e and 6f are made up of three sub-bodies 13a-c.
  • the respective boundary surfaces 14 of the part-bodies 13a-c can be planar, spherical or designed as a free-form surface.
  • the partial bodies 13a and 13b consist of two different materials.
  • the partial body 13c consists of the same material as the partial body 13a.
  • the partial bodies 13a-c can each be manufactured from a polymer material by means of injection molding and can be or be glued or cemented to one another. Optionally, there is the possibility of pouring the entire photographic lens 11 into a further material in order to thereby establish a connection between the partial bodies 13a-c.
  • the camera lenses 11 of FIGS. 6a-g differ due to the number and the arrangement of the partial bodies 13a-c.
  • FIG. 6a shows an embodiment with two partial bodies 13a and 13c made of the same material.
  • the partial bodies 13a, c are arranged such that the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are arranged alternately in or on the first partial body 13a or the second partial body 13c.
  • the beam path accordingly runs alternately through the two partial bodies 13a, c.
  • FIG. 6b shows an embodiment with two partial bodies 13a and 13b made of different materials.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged such that the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are arranged alternately in or on the first partial body 13a or the second partial body 13b.
  • the beam path accordingly runs alternately through the two partial bodies 13a, b.
  • FIG. 6c shows an embodiment with a small part body 13a and a large part body 13b made of different materials.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical elements 3a-g are formed in the partial body 13b, while the image-forming optical element 3h is formed in the partial body 13a.
  • the beam path accordingly runs first through the body part 13b and then through the body part 13a.
  • FIG. 6d likewise shows an embodiment with a small part body 13a and a large part body 13b made of different materials.
  • the partial bodies 13a, b are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical element 3a is formed in the partial body 13a, while the image-forming optical elements 3b-h are formed in the partial body 13b.
  • the beam path accordingly runs first through the body part 13a and then through the body part 13b.
  • FIG. 6e shows an embodiment with two small partial bodies 13a, b made of the same material and a large partial body 13c made of a different material. All of the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are formed in the partial body 13b. The beam path runs first through the body part 13c, then through the body part 13b and finally through the body part 13a.
  • FIG. 6f also shows an embodiment with two small sub-bodies 13a, b made of the same material and a large sub-body 13c made of a different material.
  • the partial bodies 13a-c are arranged in such a way that the image-forming optical element 3d is formed in the partial body 13c, while the remaining image-forming optical elements 3a-c and 3e-h are formed in the partial body 13b.
  • the beam path initially runs through the body part 13b, then through the body part 13c, then again through the body part 13b and finally through the body part 13a.
  • FIG. 6g shows an embodiment with two partial bodies 13a, b of different materials, which are connected to one another in such a way that a large cavity 15 is formed.
  • the image-forming optical elements 3a, 3c, 3e and 3g are formed on the partial body 13a, while the image-forming optical elements 3b, 3d, 3f and 3h are formed on the partial body 13b.
  • the image-forming optical elements 3a-h are each arranged at the interface 14a, b of the partial bodies 13a, b to the cavity 15. Consequently, the beam path runs largely through the cavity 15.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method for producing a photographic lens 11, the base body 12 of which has a plurality of partial bodies 13a-c.
  • the partial bodies 13a-c are manufactured separately from a polymer material.
  • z. B. an injection molding process or a RIM process can be used.
  • the sub-bodies 13a-c are connected to one another in step S2 to form the base body 12, e.g. B. by gluing or cementing them together.
  • the connection can be made in such a way that the partial bodies 13a-c are at least partially spaced apart from one another and a cavity 15 is formed between the partial bodies 13a-c.
  • the image-forming optical elements are formed in the base body 12.
  • the base body 12 is provided with a reflective coating at predeterminable positions, which z. B. can be applied by means of a sputtering process or vapor deposition process.
  • the catoptric photo lens as it has been described by way of example, can also be combined with a few dioptric elements, see above that a catadioptric photo lens is created.
  • the invention is therefore not intended to be restricted solely to the examples described, but rather only by the appended claims.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un objectif (11) qui comprend un corps de base (12) transparent et des éléments optiques de formation d'image (3a-h) qui sont disposés le long d'un axe optique (OA) replié. L'angle α entre des sections de l'axe optique (OA1-OA9) avant et après le pli est inférieur à 180°. Les éléments optiques de formation d'image (éléments 3a-h) comprennent des éléments réfléchissants dont au moins un présente une surface réfléchissante incurvée sans symétrie de révolution. Le procédé de fabrication comprend la réalisation d'un corps de base (12) transparent ainsi que la formation des éléments optiques de formation d'image (éléments 3a-h) dans le corps de base (12). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d'un appareil de prise de vues (10), un objectif (11) et un appareil de prise de vues (10).
PCT/EP2020/078531 2019-10-22 2020-10-12 Objectif, appareil de prise de vues et procédés de fabrication associés WO2021078547A2 (fr)

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JPH11231115A (ja) * 1997-12-02 1999-08-27 Canon Inc 光学素子
JPH11326766A (ja) * 1998-05-19 1999-11-26 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 結像光学系及びそれを用いた装置
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