WO2021073536A1 - 船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法 - Google Patents

船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021073536A1
WO2021073536A1 PCT/CN2020/120928 CN2020120928W WO2021073536A1 WO 2021073536 A1 WO2021073536 A1 WO 2021073536A1 CN 2020120928 W CN2020120928 W CN 2020120928W WO 2021073536 A1 WO2021073536 A1 WO 2021073536A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
urea
port
injection
fluid
supply
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PCT/CN2020/120928
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱向利
李晓波
沈腾
苏畅
陆逸
涂世恩
姚宇翔
黄园园
施丽丽
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上海船用柴油机研究所
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Publication of WO2021073536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073536A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of exhaust gas treatment, and more specifically to a marine urea supply injection system and method.
  • the post-treatment of diesel engine exhaust is usually achieved by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • the main principle of SCR technology is to spray urea into the exhaust gas.
  • the urea is hydrolyzed into ammonia gas, which reacts with the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas under the action of a catalyst to reduce it to nitrogen that is harmless to the environment.
  • the urea injection system is the core of the SCR technology system.
  • the existing urea supply injection system after the injection of urea is stopped, the urea usually remains at the nozzle, causing the nozzle to be blocked.
  • the existing urea supply injection system mostly uses a centrifugal pump or a screw pump as a conveying device, and a proportional valve controls the urea flow rate.
  • the total volume of the system is large, the equipment is numerous, and the layout is not convenient.
  • a marine urea supply injection system which includes a urea storage device, a fluid delivery device, an injection device, and a fluid reversing device.
  • the fluid reversing device has :
  • a first port, the first port is in communication with the urea storage device
  • a second port, the second port is in communication with the inlet of the fluid delivery device
  • a third port which communicates with the outlet of the fluid delivery device.
  • a fourth port, the fourth port is in communication with the injection device
  • the fluid reversing device is operable and can be switched to the suction state.
  • the suction state the flow path between the first port and the third port is in communication, and the second port and the The flow path between the fourth ports is connected, so that after the urea injection is stopped, the urea remaining at the injection device is sucked back to the urea storage device through the fluid delivery device.
  • the fluid reversing device is operable and can be switched to a supply state.
  • the supply state the flow path between the first port and the second port is in communication, and the third port and the The flow path between the fourth ports communicates so that the urea is supplied to the injection device through the fluid delivery device before the injection of urea is started.
  • control device configured to control the fluid delivery device to operate at a predetermined time after the injection of urea is stopped, and the predetermined time is between the urea storage device and the injection device.
  • the diameter of the pipeline is related to the length.
  • control device is configured to control the fluid delivery device to operate at a predetermined flow rate when the injection of urea is started.
  • the fluid delivery device is a metering pump; and/or
  • the spray device is a single fluid nozzle.
  • the spray device has at least one spray hole, and the hole diameter of the spray hole is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • it further comprises a first filter which is arranged upstream of the inlet of the fluid conveying device, and/or
  • a second filter is also included, and the second filter is arranged close to the spraying device to filter impurities from the flue gas pipeline.
  • the fluid reversing device is a two-position four-way steering valve.
  • a marine urea supply and injection method which is used in the marine urea supply and injection system according to any one of the above aspects, and includes the following steps:
  • Urea reverse suction and reversing step connecting the flow path between the first port and the third port of the fluid reversing device, and the flow path between the second port and the fourth port;
  • Urea suction step the urea remaining at the injection device is sucked back to the urea storage device through the fluid conveying device.
  • it also includes:
  • Reversing the urea supply step connecting the flow path between the first port and the second port, and communicating the flow path between the third port and the fourth port;
  • the urea supply step the urea in the urea storage device is supplied to the injection device through the fluid reversing device through a fluid delivery device.
  • the fluid delivery device is controlled to operate at a predetermined flow rate.
  • controlling the fluid delivery device to operate at a predetermined time, the predetermined time being related to the diameter and length of the pipeline between the urea storage device and the injection device; and/ or
  • the urea between the urea storage device and the spraying device is sucked back.
  • the marine urea supply and injection system and method provided by the present invention switch the fluid flow in the system to flow from the injection device to the urea storage device by means of a fluid reversing device, so that the urea remaining in the injection device can be sucked back into the urea Store the device to prevent the spray hole of the spray device from being blocked.
  • gas flushing nozzles such as compressed air
  • a metering pump can complete the accurate metering of urea, and the number of devices in the system is small and the volume is small, which reduces the overall space occupied by the system.
  • a single-fluid nozzle can be used to achieve atomization of urea, without the need for gas-assisted atomization such as compressed air.
  • the marine urea supply and injection system and method provided by the present invention have no air assistance. The system not only meets the functions of urea metering injection and atomization, but also does not need to consume compressed air, the equipment is small in size, and the layout is simple.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a marine urea supply and injection system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a marine urea supply and injection method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Jetting device 40 Fluid reversing device
  • the first pipeline 52 The second pipeline
  • Valve 58 Pulse damper
  • Safety valve A First port
  • first and second quoted in the present invention are merely identifications and do not have any other meanings, such as a specific order. Also, for example, the term “first component” itself does not imply the existence of “second component”, and the term “second component” does not imply the existence of “first component” by itself.
  • the present invention provides a marine urea supply injection system (for the sake of brevity, the system is described below), which is used to process the exhaust gas of a marine diesel engine using SCR technology.
  • the system includes a urea storage device 10, a fluid delivery device 20, an injection device 30 and a fluid reversing device 40.
  • the urea storage device 10 is used to store urea.
  • the fluid delivery device 20 is used to flow fluid in the system.
  • the spray device 30 is used to spray urea.
  • the fluid reversing device 40 is used to switch the flow direction of the fluid.
  • the fluid reversing device 40 may have a first port A, a second port B, a third port C, and a fourth port D.
  • the first port A can communicate with the urea storage device 10
  • the second port B can communicate with the inlet of the fluid delivery device 20
  • the third port C can communicate with the outlet of the fluid delivery device 20
  • the fourth port D can communicate with the injection device 30.
  • Two of the above four ports can form a flow path, which will be described in detail below.
  • the urea storage device 10 may communicate with the first port A via the first pipeline 51.
  • the second port B may communicate with the inlet of the fluid delivery device 20 via the second pipeline 52.
  • the third port C may communicate with the outlet of the fluid conveying device 20 via the third pipe 53.
  • the fourth port D may communicate with the injection device 30 via the fourth pipe 54.
  • the fluid reversing device 40 may be operable.
  • the fluid reversing device 40 may be manually operated, or automatically operated by means such as electric or hydraulic.
  • the fluid reversing device 40 is operable to realize flow switching in different states. Among them, the fluid reversing device 40 can be switched between the first state and the second state.
  • the first state ie, the supply state
  • the first flow path between the first port A and the second port B communicates
  • the second flow path between the third port C and the fourth port D communicates.
  • the urea storage device 10 communicates with the injection device 30 via the first flow path, the fluid delivery device 20 and the second flow path.
  • urea can flow from the urea storage device 10 to the injection device 30.
  • the third flow path between the first port A and the third port C communicates, and the fourth flow path between the second port B and the fourth port D communicates. Furthermore, the urea storage device 10 communicates with the injection device 30 via the third flow path, the fluid conveying device 20 and the fourth flow path.
  • urea can flow from the injection device 30 to the urea storage device 10. As a result, after the injection of urea is stopped, the remaining urea at the injection device 30 can be sucked back into the urea storage device 10 through the fluid delivery device 20.
  • the system includes two operating modes, namely, the injection mode and the suction mode.
  • the injection mode the fluid diverting device 40 is in the first state, and urea can flow from the urea storage device 10 to the injection device 30 and be ejected by the injection device 30.
  • the reverse suction mode the fluid reversing device 40 is in the first state, and the urea can flow from the injection device 30 to the urea storage device 10, and be sucked back into the urea storage device 10, thereby emptying the injection device 30, the urea storage device 10 and all the storage devices.
  • the urea residual liquid between the spraying devices 30 the injection mode and the suction mode.
  • the system also includes a control device.
  • the control device may be configured to control the fluid delivery device 20 to operate at a predetermined time after the injection of urea is stopped.
  • the system can realize the suction mode.
  • the predetermined time is set to be related to the diameter and length of the pipeline between the urea storage device 10 and the injection device 30.
  • the predetermined time is set to be related to the diameter and length of the pipeline through which urea flows from the injection device 30 to the urea storage device 10.
  • the predetermined time can be set to be less than or equal to 3 seconds. This is advantageous in an embodiment where the fluid delivery device 20 is a pumping device, because the pumping device can be prevented from cavitation.
  • the control device is configured to control the fluid delivery device 20 to operate at a predetermined flow rate when the injection of urea is started. In this embodiment, the spray device 30 can spray urea with a better atomization state.
  • the system can also include a first filter 55 and a second filter 56.
  • the first filter 55 is arranged upstream of the inlet of the fluid conveying device 20, specifically on the second pipeline 52 communicating with the inlet of the fluid conveying device 20.
  • the second filter 56 is arranged close to the injection device 30 to filter impurities from the flue gas pipeline. It can be understood that the second filter 56 is a two-way filter, which mainly prevents impurities such as fine dust in the flue gas pipeline from entering the system through the injection device 30 in the reverse suction mode.
  • the system may also include multiple valves 57, pulse dampers 58, pressure sensors 59, back pressure valves 60, safety valves 61 and other devices.
  • Two of the plurality of valves 57 are respectively arranged on the pipelines before the inlet and after the outlet of the fluid conveying device 20, that is, on the second pipeline 52 and the third pipeline 53.
  • the pulsation damper 58, the pressure sensor 59, and the back pressure valve 60 are all arranged on the third pipeline 53 communicating with the outlet of the fluid conveying device 20.
  • the pulsation damper 58 can reduce the pressure pulsation of the urea solution and can reduce the head loss.
  • a valve 57 is provided in front of the entrance of the pulse damper 58.
  • the pressure sensor 59 can detect fluid pressure.
  • the back pressure valve 60 can ensure that the third pipeline 53 has a constant back pressure.
  • the safety valve 61 is connected in parallel in the system. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, one end of the safety valve 61 is in communication with the first pipeline 51, and the other end is in communication with the second pipeline 52.
  • the safety valve 61 can prevent excessive system pressure caused by pipeline blockage and other reasons.
  • the spray device 30 has at least one spray hole, for example, there may be one, two, three or more spray holes.
  • the hole diameter of the injection hole is approximately 0.5 to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm.
  • the spray device 30 may be a single fluid nozzle.
  • the spray device 30 is configured to be capable of atomizing urea by itself.
  • the urea storage device 10 can be a tank-type urea storage device 10, that is, a urea tank.
  • the fluid delivery device 20 may be a metering pump.
  • the fluid reversing device can be a two-position four-way steering valve.
  • the valve 57 may be a ball valve.
  • a marine urea supply and injection method is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes the following steps:
  • Urea supply step S2 The urea in the urea storage device 10 is supplied to the injection device 30 via the fluid reversing device 40 through the fluid delivery device 20, and the urea is injected.
  • Urea reverse suction reversing step S3 the flow path between the first port A and the third port C of the fluid reversing device 40 is connected, and the flow path between the second port B and the fourth port D is connected.
  • Urea sucking back step S4 the urea remaining at the spraying device 30 is sucked back to the urea storage device 10 through the fluid conveying device 20.
  • the fluid delivery device 20 is activated and controlled to operate at a predetermined flow rate, so as to ensure that the urea is sprayed in a better atomized state. Stopping the fluid delivery device 20 means stopping the injection of urea.
  • the fluid conveying device 20 is activated and controlled to run at a predetermined time, and the urea between the urea storage device 10 and the injection device 30 is sucked back to the urea storage device 10. Stop the fluid delivery device 20, that is, stop sucking urea.
  • the marine urea supply and injection system and method provided by the present invention switch the fluid flow in the system to flow from the injection device to the urea storage device by means of a fluid reversing device, so that the urea remaining in the injection device can be sucked back into the urea Store the device to prevent the spray hole of the spray device from being blocked.
  • gas flushing nozzles such as compressed air
  • a metering pump can complete the accurate metering of urea, and the number of devices in the system is small and the volume is small, which reduces the overall space occupied by the system.
  • a single-fluid nozzle can be used to achieve atomization of urea, without the need for gas-assisted atomization such as compressed air.
  • the marine urea supply and injection system and method provided by the present invention have no air assistance. The system not only meets the functions of urea metering injection and atomization, but also does not need to consume compressed air, the equipment is small in size, and the layout is simple.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

一种船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法，该系统包括尿素储存装置（10）、流体输送装置（20）、喷射装置（30）和流体换向装置（40），流体换向装置（40）具有第一端口（A）、第二端口(B)、第三端口(C)和第四端口(D)，第一端口（A）与尿素储存装置（10）连通；第二端口(B)与流体输送装置（20）的进口连通；第三端口(C)与流体输送装置（20）的出口连通；第四端口(D)与喷射装置（30）连通，流体换向装置（40）可操作并可切换至倒吸状态，在倒吸状态下，第一端口（A）和第三端口(C)之间的流路连通，第二端口(B)和第四端口(D)之间的流路连通。由此，在停止喷射尿素后，通过流体输送装置（20）将喷射装置（30）处残留的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置（10），从而避免喷射装置（30）的喷射孔被堵塞。

Description

船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及尾气处理技术领域，且更具体地涉及一种船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法。
背景技术
目前，柴油机尾气的后处理通常选用选择性催化还原技术(SCR)的技术来实现。SCR技术的主要原理是向尾气中喷尿素，尿素水解成氨气，在催化剂的作用下与尾气中的氮氧化物反应，将其还原成对环境无害的氮气。尿素喷射系统是SCR技术系统的核心。现有的尿素供给喷射系统，在喷射停止尿素后，尿素通常会残留在喷嘴处，使得喷嘴堵塞。并且现有的尿素供给喷射系统多采用离心泵或螺杆泵作为输送装置，比例阀控制尿素流量等，系统总体积较大、设备繁多、布置不方便。
因此，需要一种船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法，以至少部分地解决现有技术中存在的问题。
发明内容
在发明内容部分中引入了一系列简化形式的概念，这将在具体实施方式部分中进一步详细说明。本发明的发明内容部分并不意味着要试图限定出所要求保护的技术方案的关键特征和必要技术特征，更不意味着试图确定所要求保护的技术方案的保护范围。
为了至少部分地解决上述问题，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种船用尿素供给喷射系统，其包括尿素储存装置、流体输送装置、喷射装置和流体换向装置，所述流体换向装置具有：
第一端口，所述第一端口与所述尿素储存装置连通；
第二端口，所述第二端口与所述流体输送装置的进口连通；
第三端口，所述第三端口与所述流体输送装置的出口连通；以及
第四端口，所述第四端口与所述喷射装置连通，
其中，所述流体换向装置可操作并可切换至倒吸状态，在倒吸状态下，所述第一端口和所述第三端口之间的流路连通，所述第二端口和所述第四端口之间的流路连通，以使得在停止喷射尿素后，通过所述流体输送装置将所述喷射装置处残留的尿素倒吸回所述尿素储存装置。
可选地，所述流体换向装置可操作并可切换至供给状态，在供给状态下，所述第一端口和所述第二端口之间的流路连通，所述第三端口和所述第四端口之间的流路连通，以使得在开始喷射尿素前，通过所述流体输送装置将尿素供给至所述喷射装置。
可选地，还包括控制装置，所述控制装置构造成当停止喷射尿素后，控制所述流体输送装置以预定时间运行，所述预定时间与所述尿素储存装置和所述喷射装置之间的管路的直径和长度有关。
可选地，所述控制装置构造成当开始喷射尿素时，控制所述流体输送装置以预定流量运行。
可选地，所述流体输送装置为计量泵；并且/或者
所述喷射装置为单流体喷嘴。
可选地，所述喷射装置具有至少一个喷射孔，所述喷射孔的孔径为0.5～1.5mm。
可选地，还包括第一过滤器，所述第一过滤器设置在所述流体输送装置的进口上游，并且/或者
还包括第二过滤器，所述第二过滤器靠近所述喷射装置设置，以过滤来自烟气管路的杂质。
可选地，所述流体换向装置为二位四通转向阀。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种船用尿素供给喷射方法，用于上述任一方面所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其包括如下步骤：
尿素倒吸换向步骤：将所述流体换向装置的第一端口和第三端口之间的流路连通，第二端口和第四端口之间的流路连通；以及
尿素倒吸步骤：通过流体输送装置，将喷射装置处残留的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置。
可选地，还包括：
尿素供给换向步骤：将所述第一端口和所述第二端口之间的流路连通，所述第三端口和所述第四端口之间的流路连通；以及
尿素供给步骤：通过流体输送装置，将所述尿素储存装置中的尿素经由所述流体换向装置供给至所述喷射装置。
可选地，在尿素供给步骤中，控制所述流体输送装置以预定流量运行。
可选地，在尿素倒吸步骤中，控制所述流体输送装置以预定时间运行，所述预定时间与所述尿素储存装置和所述喷射装置之间的管路的直径和长度有关；并且/或者
在尿素倒吸步骤中，将尿素储存装置和所述喷射装置之间的尿素倒吸。
本发明提供的船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法，借助于流体换向装置将系统内的流体流向切换至从喷射装置流向尿素储存装置，由此，可以将残留在喷射装置内的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置，从而避免喷射装置的喷射孔被堵塞。无需使用诸如压缩空气等气体冲洗喷嘴，省去了该气体的供给装置和管路，优化了整体结构布局。
此外，与现有的系统相比，使用计量泵能够完成尿素的精确计量，系统中装置数量少、体积小，缩小了系统的整体占用空间。使用单流体喷嘴即可实现尿素的雾化，无需诸如压缩空气等气体辅助雾化。本发明提供的船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法，无空气辅助，该系统不仅满足尿素计量喷射及雾化的功能，且无需消耗压缩空气，设备体积小，布置简便。
附图说明
本发明的下列附图在此作为本发明的一部分用于理解本发明。附图中示出了本发明的实施方式及其描述，用来解释本发明的装置及原理。在附图中，
图1为根据本发明的优选实施方式的船用尿素供给喷射系统的结构示意图；
图2为根据本发明的优选实施方式的船用尿素供给喷射方法的方框示意图。
附图标记说明
10：尿素储存装置              20：流体输送装置
30：喷射装置                  40：流体换向装置
51：第一管路                  52：第二管路
53：第三管路                  54：第四管路
55：第一过滤器                 56：第二过滤器
57：阀门                       58：脉冲阻尼器
59：压力传感器                 60：背压阀
61：安全阀                     A：第一端口
B：第二端口                    C：第三端口
D：第四端口
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本发明发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
为了彻底理解本发明，将在下列的描述中提出详细的结构，以便阐释本发明。显然，本发明的施行并不限定于该技术领域的技术人员所熟习的特殊细节。本发明的较佳实施方式详细描述如下，然而除了这些详细描述外，本发明还可以具有其他实施方式，不应当解释为局限于这里提出的实施方式。
应当理解的是，在此使用的术语的目的仅在于描述具体实施方式并且不作为本发明的限制，单数形式的“一”、“一个”和“所述/该”也意图包括复数形式，除非上下文清楚指出另外的方式。当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或附加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组合。本发明中所使用的术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并非限制。
本发明中所引用的诸如“第一”和“第二”的序数词仅仅是标识，而不具有任何其他含义，例如特定的顺序等。而且，例如，术语“第一部件”其本身不暗示“第二部件”的存在，术语“第二部件”本身不暗示“第一部件”的存在。
以下，将参照附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行更详细地说明，这些附图示出了本发明的代表实施方式，并不是限定本发明。
本发明提供了一种船用尿素供给喷射系统(为简洁起见，下文描述为系统)，该系统用于对船舶柴油机的尾气采用SCR技术进行处理。
如图1所示，该系统包括尿素储存装置10、流体输送装置20、喷射装置30和流体换向装置40。尿素储存装置10用于储存尿素。流体输送装置20用于使系统内的流体流动。喷射装置30用于喷射尿素。流体换向装置40用于切换流体的流向。
具体地，流体换向装置40可以具有第一端口A、第二端口B、第三端口C和第四端口D。第一端口A能够与尿素储存装置10连通，第二端口B能够与流体输送装置20的进口连通，第三端口C能够与流体输送装置20的出口连通，第四端口D能够与喷射装置30连通。上述四个端口中的两个可以形成流路，下文详细介绍。
在图示实施方式中，尿素储存装置10可以经由第一管路51与第一端口A连通。第二端口B可以经由第二管路52与流体输送装置20的进口连通。第三端口C可以经由第三管路53与流体输送装置20的出口连通。第四端口D可以经由第四管路54与喷射装置30连通。
流体换向装置40可以可操作。例如，流体换向装置40可以手动操作，或者通过诸如电动、液动等方式自动操作。流体换向装置40可操作，以实现不同状态下的流路切换。其中，流体换向装置40可以在第一状态和第二状态之间转换。
在第一状态(即供给状态)下，第一端口A和第二端口B之间的第一流路连通，第三端口C和第四端口D之间的第二流路连通。进一步说，尿素储存装置10经由第一流路、流体输送装置20和第二流路与喷射装置30连通，在流体输送装置20运行时，尿素可以从尿素储存装置10流向喷射装置30。由此，可以在开始喷射尿素前，通过流体输送装置20将尿素供给至喷射装置30。
在第二状态(即倒吸状态)下，第一端口A和第三端口C之间的第三流路连通，第二端口B和第四端口D之间的第四流路连通。进一步说，尿素储存装置10经由第三流路、流体输送装置20和第四流路与喷射装置30连通。在流体输送装置20运行时，尿素可以从喷射装置30流向尿素储存装置10。由此，可以在停止喷射尿素后，通过流体输送装置20将喷射装置30处的残留的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置10。
本实施方式借助于流体换向装置40，使得系统包括两种运行模式，即喷射模式和倒吸模式。在喷射模式下，流体换向装置40处于第一状态，尿素能够从尿素储存装置10流向喷射装置30，被喷射装置30喷射出。在倒吸模式下，流体换向装置40处于第一状态，尿素能够从喷射装置30流向尿素储存装置10，被倒吸回尿素储存装置10，从而清空喷射装置30内、尿素储存装置10和所述喷射装置30之间的尿素残留液。
该系统还包括控制装置。控制装置可以构造成当停止喷射尿素后，控制流体输送装置20以预定时间运行，以此实施方式，可以使系统实现倒吸模式。预定时间设定为与尿素储存装置10和喷射装置30之间的管路的直径和长度有关。具体地，预定时间设定为与尿素从喷射装置30到尿素储存装置10流经的管路的直径和长度有关。例如，预定时间可以设定为小于等于3秒。这在流体输送装置20为泵送装置的实施方式中，是有利的，因为可以避免泵送装置发生气蚀。控制装置构造成当开始喷射尿素时，控制流体输送装置20以预定流量运行。以此实施方式，喷射装置30可以喷射出雾化状态更好的尿素。
该系统还可以包括第一过滤器55和第二过滤器56。第一过滤器55设置在流体输送装置20的进口上游，具体是设置在与流体输送装置20的进口连通的第二管路52上。第二过滤器56靠近喷射装置30设置，以过滤来自烟气管路的杂质。可以理解，第二过滤器56是双向过滤器，主要是防止在倒吸模式下，烟气管路的微小灰尘等杂质通过喷射装置30进入系统。
该系统还可以包括多个阀门57、脉冲阻尼器58、压力传感器59、背压阀60、安全阀61等装置。多个阀门57中的两个分别设置在流体输送装置20的进口前和出口后的管路上，即第二管路52和第三管路53上。脉冲阻尼器58、压力传感器59、背压阀60均设置在与流体输送装置20的出口连通的第三管路53上。脉冲阻尼器58能够减小尿素溶液压力脉动并能减少压头损失。与脉冲阻尼器58的进口前设置有阀门57。压力传感器59能够检测流体压力。背压阀60能够保证第三管路53具有恒定背压。安全阀61并联在系统中，例如，在图示实施方式中，安全阀61的一端与第一管路51连通，另一端与第二管路52连通。安全阀61能够防止管路堵塞等原因造成的系统压力过大。
可选地，喷射装置30具有至少一个喷射孔，例如，喷射孔可以是一 个、两个、三个及以上。喷射孔的孔径大致为0.5～1.5mm，例如，0.5mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm。喷射装置30可以为单流体喷嘴。喷射装置30构造成自身能够实现尿素的雾化。尿素储存装置10可以选用罐体式的尿素储存装置10，即尿素罐。流体输送装置20可以为计量泵。流体换向装置可以为二位四通转向阀。阀门57可以为球阀。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种船用尿素供给喷射方法，如图2所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
尿素供给换向步骤S1：将第一端口A和第二端口B之间的流路连通，第三端口C和第四端口D之间的流路连通。
尿素供给步骤S2：通过流体输送装置20，将尿素储存装置10中的尿素经由流体换向装置40供给至喷射装置30，喷射尿素。
尿素倒吸换向步骤S3：将流体换向装置40的第一端口A和第三端口C之间的流路连通，第二端口B和第四端口D之间的流路连通。
尿素倒吸步骤S4：通过流体输送装置20，将喷射装置30处残留的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置10。
在尿素供给步骤S2中，启动并控制流体输送装置20以预定流量运行，从而确保尿素以更好的雾化状态被喷射出。停止流体输送装置20，即停止喷射尿素。
在尿素倒吸步骤S4中，启动并控制流体输送装置20以预定时间运行，将尿素储存装置10和喷射装置30之间的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置10。停止流体输送装置20，即停止倒吸尿素。
本发明提供的船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法，借助于流体换向装置将系统内的流体流向切换至从喷射装置流向尿素储存装置，由此，可以将残留在喷射装置内的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置，从而避免喷射装置的喷射孔被堵塞。无需使用诸如压缩空气等气体冲洗喷嘴，省去了该气体的供给装置和管路，优化了整体结构布局。
此外，与现有的系统相比，使用计量泵能够完成尿素的精确计量，系统中装置数量少、体积小，缩小了系统的整体占用空间。使用单流体喷嘴即可实现尿素的雾化，无需诸如压缩空气等气体辅助雾化。本发明提供的船用尿素供给喷射系统及方法，无空气辅助，该系统不仅满足尿素计量喷射及雾化的功能，且无需消耗压缩空气，设备体积小，布置简便。
除非另有定义，本文中所使用的技术和科学术语与本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文中出现的诸如“部”、“件”等术语既可以表示单个的零件，也可以表示多个零件的组合。本文中出现的诸如“安装”、“设置”等术语既可以表示一个部件直接附接至另一个部件，也可以表示一个部件通过中间件附接至另一个部件。本文中在一个实施方式中描述的特征可以单独地或与其他特征结合地应用于另一个实施方式，除非该特征在该另一个实施方式中不适用或是另有说明。
本发明已经通过上述实施方式进行了说明，但应当理解的是，上述实施方式只是用于举例和说明的目的，而非意在将本发明限制于所描述的实施方式范围内。此外本领域技术人员可以理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，根据本发明的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改，这些变型和修改均落在本发明所要求保护的范围以内。本发明的保护范围由附属的权利要求书及其等效范围所界定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，包括尿素储存装置、流体输送装置、喷射装置和流体换向装置，所述流体换向装置具有：
    第一端口，所述第一端口与所述尿素储存装置连通；
    第二端口，所述第二端口与所述流体输送装置的进口连通；
    第三端口，所述第三端口与所述流体输送装置的出口连通；以及
    第四端口，所述第四端口与所述喷射装置连通，
    其中，所述流体换向装置可操作并可切换至倒吸状态，在倒吸状态下，所述第一端口和所述第三端口之间的流路连通，所述第二端口和所述第四端口之间的流路连通，以使得在停止喷射尿素后，通过所述流体输送装置将所述喷射装置处残留的尿素倒吸回所述尿素储存装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，所述流体换向装置可操作并可切换至供给状态，在供给状态下，所述第一端口和所述第二端口之间的流路连通，所述第三端口和所述第四端口之间的流路连通，以使得在开始喷射尿素前，通过所述流体输送装置将尿素供给至所述喷射装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，还包括控制装置，所述控制装置构造成当停止喷射尿素后，控制所述流体输送装置以预定时间运行，所述预定时间与所述尿素储存装置和所述喷射装置之间的管路的直径和长度有关。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，所述控制装置构造成当开始喷射尿素时，控制所述流体输送装置以预定流量运行。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，
    所述流体输送装置为计量泵；并且/或者
    所述喷射装置为单流体喷嘴。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，所述喷射装置具有至少一个喷射孔，所述喷射孔的孔径为0.5～1.5mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，
    还包括第一过滤器，所述第一过滤器设置在所述流体输送装置的进口 上游，并且/或者
    还包括第二过滤器，所述第二过滤器靠近所述喷射装置设置，以过滤来自烟气管路的杂质。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，所述流体换向装置为二位四通转向阀。
  9. 一种船用尿素供给喷射方法，用于根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的船用尿素供给喷射系统，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    尿素倒吸换向步骤：将所述流体换向装置的第一端口和第三端口之间的流路连通，第二端口和第四端口之间的流路连通；以及
    尿素倒吸步骤：通过流体输送装置，将喷射装置处残留的尿素倒吸回尿素储存装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的船用尿素供给喷射方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    尿素供给换向步骤：将所述第一端口和所述第二端口之间的流路连通，所述第三端口和所述第四端口之间的流路连通；以及
    尿素供给步骤：通过流体输送装置，将所述尿素储存装置中的尿素经由所述流体换向装置供给至所述喷射装置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的船用尿素供给喷射方法，其特征在于，在尿素供给步骤中，控制所述流体输送装置以预定流量运行。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的船用尿素供给喷射方法，其特征在于，
    在尿素倒吸步骤中，控制所述流体输送装置以预定时间运行，所述预定时间与所述尿素储存装置和所述喷射装置之间的管路的直径和长度有关；并且/或者
    在尿素倒吸步骤中，将尿素储存装置和所述喷射装置之间的尿素倒吸回所述尿素储存装置。
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