WO2021068442A1 - 低损耗馈电网络和高效率天线设备 - Google Patents
低损耗馈电网络和高效率天线设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021068442A1 WO2021068442A1 PCT/CN2020/075448 CN2020075448W WO2021068442A1 WO 2021068442 A1 WO2021068442 A1 WO 2021068442A1 CN 2020075448 W CN2020075448 W CN 2020075448W WO 2021068442 A1 WO2021068442 A1 WO 2021068442A1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
- H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a low-loss feeder network and high-efficiency antenna equipment.
- millimeter wave wireless applications Due to the advantages of wide frequency spectrum, low absorption rate and high spatial resolution, millimeter wave wireless applications have received extensive attention in high-resolution passive imaging systems, high-precision radars, high-speed communication systems, and point-to-point data transmission. Among them, high gain Antennas play a key role in millimeter wave wireless systems.
- Traditional low-frequency and high-gain antennas mainly include reflector antennas, horn antennas, metal waveguide antennas and microstrip patch antennas.
- traditional reflector antennas, horn antennas, and metal waveguide slot antennas have disadvantages such as high cost, bulky size, and low integration, which limit their commercial applications.
- Traditional microstrip antennas have severe insertion loss at high frequencies, and severe radiation will be generated at discontinuous structures, which leads to low efficiency, low gain and high lobe levels of the antenna.
- Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology combines the advantages of metal waveguides and microstrip lines: low cost, low loss and easy integration.
- SIW Substrate Integrated Waveguide
- Many slot antenna arrays based on substrate-integrated waveguide technology have shown the potential to design high-gain antennas.
- there are very few high-efficiency antenna devices that have a gain of 30dBi in the W-band.
- Traditional related high-gain antennas have a problem of high damage and easily affect the corresponding gain.
- the present invention proposes a low-loss feeder network and a high-efficiency antenna device.
- a low-loss feed network which includes: a vertical switching structure, a substrate integrated waveguide, a 2 N- way power splitter, a coupling slot, a matching metal via and a parallel waveguide;
- the energy provided by the standard waveguide is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide through the vertical switching structure; the energy output by the substrate integrated waveguide is equally divided into 1/2 N through the 2 N- way power divider; 2 Each channel of energy output by the N- channel power divider is coupled to the two parallel waveguides through the coupling gap and the matching metal through hole.
- each slot of the coupling slot excites two paths of energy, and the excited two paths of energy are transmitted to the parallel waveguide; the electric fields of the two adjacent paths of the parallel waveguide are equal in amplitude and opposite in phase.
- the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides is zero.
- a high-efficiency antenna device comprising: a slot antenna array and the low-loss feeder network according to any one of the above embodiments; the electric fields of parallel waveguides in the low-loss feeder network are equal in amplitude and opposite in phase; and the parallel waveguides The energy of the medium antiphase electric field is radiated in phase through the slot antenna array.
- the slot antenna array is a symmetrical slot antenna array.
- the low-loss feed network is arranged on the lower layer of the slot antenna array.
- the feed provided by the standard waveguide is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide through a vertical switching structure, and the energy output by the substrate integrated waveguide is equally divided into 1 through 2 N power dividers /2 N (2 N channels); each channel of energy output by the 2 N channel power divider is coupled to the parallel waveguide through the coupling gap and the matching metal through hole.
- the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides Zero can form an ideal artificial electric wall, simplify the structure of the feed network, at the same time reduce the metal loss at the place, can maintain the gain of the corresponding antenna equipment; finally, the energy provided by the low-loss feed network is symmetrical
- the slot antenna array radiates in phase.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-loss feeder network structure according to an embodiment
- Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency antenna device according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a slot array structure of a high-efficiency antenna device according to an embodiment
- Fig. 4 shows the return loss obtained by antenna simulation and testing of an embodiment
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of gain, radiation and aperture efficiency obtained by antenna simulation and testing of an embodiment
- Fig. 6 is a radiation pattern obtained by simulation and testing of an antenna according to an embodiment.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-loss feeder network structure according to an embodiment.
- Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the low-loss feeder network as well as the various parts of the low-loss feeder network. Positional relationship.
- the above-mentioned low-loss feed network includes: vertical switching structure 1, substrate integrated waveguide 2, 2 N- way power splitter 3, coupling slot 4, matching metal via 5 and parallel waveguide 6; standard waveguide energy provided through said vertical transfer structure 1 is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide 2; 2 of the substrate integrated waveguide output through the 2 N-way power splitters 3 equally divided into 1/2 N ( 2 N channels); each channel of energy output by the 2 N power divider is coupled to the parallel waveguide 6 through the coupling slot 4 and the matching metal via 5.
- the energy provided by the standard waveguide is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide 2 through the vertical switching structure 1 (WG-to-SIW), and then passes through the 2 N- way power divider 3 to divide the energy equally into 1/2 N. 2
- Each channel of energy output by the N- channel power divider passes through the coupling gap 4 and the matching metal through hole 5 to couple the energy to the parallel waveguide 6 of the upper layer, forming a feed with equal amplitude and opposite phase, which excites the two parallel waveguides.
- the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides is zero, which can form an ideal artificial electric wall, so the metal wall here can be omitted, thus simplifying the structure of the feed network and reducing the metal loss there. .
- the energy input by the low-loss feed network can be radiated through the upper slot antenna array.
- the slot antenna array on the upper layer can also adopt a constant-amplitude and antiphase feed with center excitation.
- the slot antenna array is designed symmetrically with respect to the artificial electric wall, thereby ensuring the in-phase radiation of the slot antenna array.
- the feed provided by the standard waveguide is coupled to the substrate integrated waveguide 2 through the vertical switching structure 1, and the energy output by the substrate integrated waveguide 2 is equally divided into 1/ by the 2 N-way power divider 3 2 N (2 N channels); each channel of energy output by the 2 N channel power divider 3 is coupled to the two parallel waveguides 6 through the coupling gap 4 and the matching metal via 5, and the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides 6
- the electric field is zero, an ideal artificial electric wall can be formed, which simplifies the structure of the feed network and reduces the metal loss there.
- the energy provided by the low-loss feed network is radiated in phase through the symmetrical slot antenna array.
- each slot of the coupling slot excites two paths of energy, and the excited two paths of energy are transmitted to the parallel waveguide; the electric fields of the two adjacent paths of the parallel waveguide are equal in amplitude and opposite in phase.
- the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides is zero.
- a high-efficiency antenna device including: a slot antenna array and the low-loss feed network described in any of the above embodiments; the electric field amplitudes of the parallel waveguides in the low-loss feed network are equal, The phase is opposite; the energy of the medium amplitude and antiphase electric field of the parallel waveguide is radiated in phase through the slot antenna array.
- the electric field of the parallel waveguides in the low-loss feed network is equal in amplitude and opposite in phase, and the electric field at the boundary of adjacent parallel waveguides is zero, which is equivalent to an artificial electric wall;
- the slot antenna array is symmetrically designed with respect to the artificial electric wall to ensure the gap The array can be stimulated by the same phase.
- the slot antenna array is a symmetrical slot antenna array.
- the low-loss feed network is arranged on the lower layer of the slot antenna array.
- the feed provided by the standard waveguide passes through a vertical switching structure (WG-to-SIW) to couple the energy to the substrate integrated waveguide, and then passes through a 2 N- way power divider to divide the energy into equal parts 1/2 N.
- WG-to-SIW vertical switching structure
- Each of the power dividers couples energy to the upper layer of parallel waveguides through the coupling gap and the matching metal through hole to form feeds with equal amplitude and opposite phase, which excites two parallel waveguides.
- the matching metal via is used to ensure a good match between the coupling slot and the parallel waveguide.
- the parallel waveguide adopts the same amplitude and antiphase feeding, the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides is zero, forming an ideal artificial electric wall, so the metal wall here can be omitted, thereby simplifying the feeding network Structure, while reducing the metal loss there.
- the low-loss feed network can excite 2 N+1 parallel waveguides to ensure that energy is radiated in phase through the slot antenna array. Since the slot antenna array adopts a constant-amplitude and antiphase feed with center excitation, the slot antenna array is designed symmetrically with respect to the artificial electric wall, thereby ensuring the in-phase radiation of the slot antenna array.
- the low-loss feed network is located on the lower layer, and the symmetrical slot antenna array is located on the upper layer.
- the coupling slot is located in the upper metal layer of the 2N power splitter and the lower metal layer of the parallel waveguide, the matching metal via is located in the dielectric layer of the parallel waveguide, and the slot array is located in the upper metal layer of the parallel waveguide.
- the entire high-efficiency antenna device includes metalized vias and metal layers.
- the entire structure can be completed by traditional LTCC or PCB technology; the antenna uses constant amplitude and inverted excitation, and there is no traditional metalized via between adjacent parallel waveguides.
- the multi-channel slot array is excited; the antenna slot array is designed symmetrically, with higher gain and efficiency at high frequencies, symmetrical pattern, and lower cross-polarization.
- the above-mentioned high-efficiency antenna device can be referred to as shown in Fig. 2, which includes a low-loss feeder network 81 and a symmetrical slot antenna array 82.
- Fig. 2 also shows an artificial electric wall 7, a vertical switching structure ( WG-to-SIW)1, substrate integrated waveguide 2, 2 N- way power divider 3, coupling slot 4, matching metal via 5 and parallel waveguide 6.
- WG-to-SIW vertical switching structure
- the feed provided by the standard waveguide passes through the vertical switching structure to couple the energy to the substrate integrated waveguide, and then passes through the 2 N- way power divider 3 to divide the energy into 1/2 N equally.
- Each power divider couples energy to the upper layer parallel waveguide 6 through the coupling gap 4 and the matching metal through hole 5 to form feeds of equal amplitude and opposite phase, and excite the two parallel waveguides.
- the matching metal via 5 is used to ensure a good matching between the coupling slot 4 and the parallel waveguide 6. Since the parallel waveguide adopts equal amplitude and antiphase feeding, the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel waveguides is zero, forming an ideal artificial electric wall 7, so the metal wall here can be omitted, thereby simplifying the feeding network The structure, while reducing the metal loss. Finally, the low-loss feed network can excite 2 N+1 parallel waveguides to ensure that energy is radiated in phase through the slot antenna array. As shown in FIG. 3, since the slot antenna array 82 adopts a constant amplitude and antiphase feed with center excitation, the slot antenna array 82 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the ideal artificial electric wall 7, thereby ensuring the in-phase radiation of the slot antenna array.
- the high-efficiency antenna device includes a low-loss feed network 81 and a symmetrical slot antenna array 82 that are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
- the low-loss feed network 81 located below includes a vertical conversion structure (WG-to-SIW) 1, a substrate integrated waveguide 2, 2 N- way power splitters 3, a coupling slot 4, a matching metal via 5 and a parallel waveguide 6 .
- the coupling slot 4 is located in the upper metal layer of the 2N- way power splitter 3 and the lower metal layer of the parallel waveguide 6.
- the matching metal via 5 is located on the dielectric layer of the parallel waveguide 6, and the slot array 82 is located on the upper metal layer of the parallel waveguide 6, and the symmetrical design ensures the in-phase radiation of the antenna and the symmetry of the pattern.
- this example uses PCB technology to make a high-efficiency, high-gain antenna, and conduct related tests:
- Figure 4 shows the return loss obtained from antenna simulation and testing;
- Figure 5 shows the gain, radiation, and aperture efficiency obtained from antenna simulation and testing;
- Fig. 6 is the normalized pattern of E-plane and H-plane of high-gain antenna simulation and test at 91.6GHz, 92.6GHz and 93.6GHz; the test shows that the high-efficiency antenna device has higher radiation efficiency and higher gain.
- the antenna of this kind of structure can be applied in high frequency, even in the terahertz frequency band, can have higher gain and radiation efficiency at the same time.
- Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology combines the advantages of metal waveguides and microstrip lines: low cost, low loss and easy integration.
- the antenna adopts a low-loss feed network with constant amplitude and anti-phase excitation, which can remove the metal wall of the traditional substrate integrated waveguide, thereby simplifying the structure of the feed network, reducing the insertion loss, and ensuring the gain and efficiency of the high-frequency millimeter wave antenna.
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Abstract
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Claims (6)
- 一种低损耗馈电网络,其特征在于,包括:垂直转接结构、基片集成波导、2 N路功分器、耦合缝隙、匹配金属通孔和平行波导;标准波导提供的能量经过所述垂直转接结构,耦合到所述基片集成波导;所述基片集成波导输出的能量经过所述2 N路功分器等分为1/2 N;所述2 N路功分器输出的每一路能量经过所述耦合缝隙和匹配金属通孔耦合到两路平行波导。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低损耗馈电网络,其特征在于,所述耦合缝隙的每一个缝隙激励起两路能量,激励的两路能量传输至所述平行波导;所述平行波导相邻两路的电场幅度相等、相位相反。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低损耗馈电网络,其特征在于,所述平行波导相邻两路的交界处电场为零。
- 一种高效率天线设备,其特征在于,包括:缝隙天线阵、以及权利要求1至3任一项所述的低损耗馈电网络;所述低损耗馈电网络中平行波导的电场幅度相等、相位相反;所述平行波导中等幅反相电场的能量通过缝隙天线阵同相辐射。
- 根据权利要求4所述的高效率天线设备,其特征在于,所述缝隙天线阵为对称的缝隙天线阵。
- 根据权利要求4所述的高效率天线设备,其特征在于,所述低损耗馈电网络设置在所述缝隙天线阵的下层。
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