WO2021068191A1 - 浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置 - Google Patents

浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068191A1
WO2021068191A1 PCT/CN2019/110587 CN2019110587W WO2021068191A1 WO 2021068191 A1 WO2021068191 A1 WO 2021068191A1 CN 2019110587 W CN2019110587 W CN 2019110587W WO 2021068191 A1 WO2021068191 A1 WO 2021068191A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
water
nylon rope
energy
gear
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PCT/CN2019/110587
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张崇伟
丁振宇
宁德志
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to PCT/CN2019/110587 priority Critical patent/WO2021068191A1/zh
Priority to US16/980,737 priority patent/US11353000B2/en
Publication of WO2021068191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068191A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1865—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1885—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/913—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a mast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • F05B2250/72—Shape symmetric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40312—Ratchet wheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H02K11/05—Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ocean energy utilization, and in particular relates to a wave energy generating device based on the principles of wave focusing and wave direction adaptation.
  • the ocean contains considerable energy.
  • the full development and utilization of marine energy can effectively fill the current energy gap in the world.
  • wave energy has received widespread attention due to its advantages such as unrestricted time and wide distribution, and has shown good application potential.
  • the present invention provides a wave energy power generation device for medium and low wave energy density sea areas.
  • the device can use a multi-channel structure to focus wave energy to increase the total amount of wave energy that can be captured in the local sea area and improve the utilization rate of wave energy.
  • the device has the characteristics of wave direction self-adaptation, which can adjust the wave heading angle of the device according to the direction of the incoming wave to adapt to the wave direction changes in different seasons.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to design an effective wave energy power generation device for the sea area with medium and low wave energy density and wave direction changes.
  • the principle of the device is to construct two symmetrical water channels to first divide the incident wave into two, and use each water channel to gradually change the wave propagation direction. When the water channels meet again, two waves of the same phase will collide head-on and produce a larger wave. The wave height, in this way, achieves wave focusing and increases the available wave energy density in the local sea area.
  • the device uses the wave energy at the wave focusing position to generate electricity.
  • the device can passively rotate with the direction of the wave, so that the entrance of the waterway is always in the direction of facing the wave, so as to adapt to the sea area where the direction of the incoming wave is variable and the sea area where the wave direction changes with the seasons.
  • Wave-direction adaptive multi-channel wave-focusing wave energy power generation device including energy harvesting system, energy conversion system and support system;
  • the energy harvesting system includes a water-retaining outer plate 1, a streamlined diversion box body 2, a float 3, a slide rail 4, a fixed rod 5, a pile fixing hole 6, a high-strength nylon rope 7 and a water channel 29;
  • the outer water-retaining plate 1 is a dustpan-shaped semi-open shape when viewed from the top view. When working, waves enter from the opening.
  • the outer water-retaining plate 1 passes through the free water surface vertically; the outer water-retaining plate 1 is set on the periphery of the streamlined diversion box 2 , A water channel 29 area is formed between the outer water retaining plate 1 and the streamlined diversion box 2; when the wave enters from the opening, the streamlined diversion box 2 is divided into two left and right symmetrical water channels 29; the two water channels 29 gradually Change the propagation direction of the waves.
  • the strength steel pipe is used as the fixing rod 5 for connection, which is respectively connected between the upper and lower ends of the parabolic water retaining plate 1 and the streamlined diversion box 2, so that the water retaining plate 1 and the streamlined diversion box 2 are integrated as a whole Rotation; from the front wave side to the back wave side, the heights of the baffle outer plate 1 and the streamlined diversion box 2 show a parabolic increasing law; the distance between the baffle outer plate 1 and the streamlined diversion box 2 is in the first half It shows a decreasing law, and the distance in the second half remains unchanged; there is a cylindrical recessed groove at the center of the lower bottom surface of the streamlined diversion box 2, that is, the pile fixing hole 6, which is connected to the pile fixing hole 6 through the rotating bearing 13
  • the wave Due to the obstruction of the streamlined diversion box 2, the wave is divided into two parts and enters the two water channels ; Due to the gradual narrowing and changing direction of the water channel, the water level gradually rises and the wave motion moves from the parallel movement at the beginning to the final collinear movement; at the end of the water channel, the two waves collide and superimpose the amplitude of motion, driving the suspension
  • the float 3 here; while the float 3 moves up and down following the waves, the high-strength nylon rope 7 connected to its lower side collects and transmits the kinetic energy of the float 3 to the energy conversion system;
  • the energy conversion system includes a high-strength nylon rope 7, a fixed pulley block 8, a generator cabin 9, a rectifier 11, a battery pack 12, a rotating bearing 13 and a maintenance channel 14.
  • the generator cabin 9 includes a cable 10, a flywheel rotor 17, and heat dissipation.
  • gear set 23 includes nylon rope winding barrel 22, pre-tensioned spring pressure sheet 16, and consolidated gear 28 , Ratchet wheel 26 and pawl 27; the high-strength nylon rope 7 is finally connected to the nylon rope winding barrel 22 in the gear set 23 through the fixed pulley block 8 fixed on the outer water retaining plate 1 and the streamlined deflector box 2;
  • the nylon rope reel barrel 22 and the consolidation gear 28 are coaxially consolidated together, and a pre-tensioned spring pressure piece 16 is placed around the central axis in the nylon rope reel barrel 22;
  • the pawl 27 is consolidated
  • the consolidation gear 28 under the push of a spring attached to it, it always rotates towards the side of the central axis, and its front section has a forward cantilever, so that the consolidation gear 28 can only drive the pawl 27 to push the ratchet when it rotates in one direction.
  • the ratchet 26 and the fixed gear 28 are not fixed, and the two A layer of ball bearing is arranged between the central shaft, so that the two are coaxial but can rotate relative to each other; in the generator cabin 9, the ratchet wheel 26 and the flywheel rotor 17 are fixed on a rotating shaft 24 at the same time, and the ratchet wheel 26 and the flywheel Rotating bearings 13 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the rotor 17 at the same time; several cooling fins 18 are evenly arranged on the outside of the flywheel cabin to transmit the internal energy generated when the flywheel rotates; the lower side of the flywheel rotor 17 is connected with the motor cabin 20 to connect the flywheel The kinetic energy generated by the rotor 17 is converted into electric energy; finally, a waterproof shell 21 is placed on the outside of the generator cabin 9 to prevent seawater from penet
  • the supporting system includes a rotating bearing 13 and a pile 15; the lower part of the pile 15 is buried in the seabed, and an array of rotating bearings 13 are evenly arranged around the upper part, so that the device sleeved on it can rotate freely around the pile 15 to ensure that the device
  • the direction of the opening is always toward the direction of incoming waves; during work, it is mainly when the waves hit the outer water-retaining plate 1 that the rotating shafts 24 are rotated through the array to make the outer water-retaining plate 1 rotate around the pile 15.
  • the opening of the device can always face the direction of wave flow, adapt to different seasons and water conditions, have low environmental requirements, and can be used in wide seas.
  • a pawl is fixed on the consolidation gear connected with the ratchet, so that only one direction of the two-way rotation of the winding barrel can drive the rotation of the ratchet, so as to determine the unidirectional energy storage of the flywheel rotor in the power generation cabin, and at the same time
  • the upper limit of the kinetic energy of the flywheel is limited, and the safety of the flywheel is protected.
  • the flywheel rotor rotates to have a gyro effect, which ensures the stability of the generator cabin fixed on the pile.
  • the lower part of the generator is directly connected to the rectifier and the battery, which can input the unstable current through the rectifier and stabilise it into the battery for storage or directly stabilize the output.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of an energy harvesting system device.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of an energy harvesting system device.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the support system device.
  • Figure 4 is an overall side view of the device.
  • Figure 5 is a detailed view of the power generation cabin.
  • Figure 6 is a detailed view of the gear set.
  • a round hole is opened in the middle of the streamlined diversion box 2 and the pile 15 is fixed in the round hole.
  • Five small-diameter but high-strength steel components are used to connect the outer water-retaining plate 1 and the diversion box 2, and the positional relationship between the two should satisfy that the reserved width of the water channel remains basically unchanged after the middle section of the box.
  • the cylindrical float 3 is fixed at the back of the box by a slidable slide rail 4, and a certain distance is reserved from the side wall.
  • Several rows of bearings are arranged on the top and around the pile 15 to ensure that the box body can rotate freely along the pile 15. Piles 15 are pre-buried under the seabed.
  • the high-strength nylon rope 7 is connected directly below the float 3, passes through the waterproof housing 21 through a number of fixed pulleys, and is wound on the bobbin. In addition, a few turns of pre-tensioned spring pressure pieces are placed around the middle shaft inside the winding barrel. Fix the bobbin on the fixed gear 28, place the fixed gear 28 and the ratchet 26 coaxially but not fixed together, and place a springable on the fixed gear 28 near the teeth of the ratchet 26 Moving detent 27.
  • a bearing is fixed along the shaft of the ratchet wheel 26 and extends downward to the shaft of the flywheel rotor 17 so that the ratchet wheel 26 rotates to drive the flywheel rotor 17 to rotate together.
  • upper and lower bearings are used to isolate the rotor from the upper and lower bulkheads, and rows of radiating fins 18 are arranged around the outer side of the cabin.
  • the lower part is the generator cabin 20 room.
  • the electricity in the generator 19 is connected to the rectifier through the cable pipe, and then the electricity in the rectifier is transmitted to the battery pack 12, and several cables 10 are connected to the battery pack 12.
  • Maintenance channels 14 are reserved on the side walls of the rectifier electrical compartment 11 and the battery compartment.
  • the present invention is mainly applicable to offshore waters, and only refers to the annual water depth of 6m in the offshore waters of the South China Sea.
  • the float 3 is designed to be a cylindrical object with a diameter of 0.5m and a height of 0.4m.
  • the width of the opening end of the outer water retaining plate 1 is 6m, the length of the middle longitudinal axis is 5.9m, and the height of the wave facing side is 3m.
  • the width of the water channel behind the middle section of the diversion box 2 from the outer plate is 1m, and the height of the diversion box is the same as that of the outer plate.
  • the pile 15 has a height of 7.2m and a diameter of 9.2m.
  • the diameter of the flywheel driven is 2.2m.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置，包括能量采集系统、能量转换系统和支撑系统。通过双水道（29）对波浪聚焦，箱体（2）后面的水体质点运动波幅加倍。通过万向轴承（13）连接装置与固定桩柱（15），装置开口始终朝向波浪流动方向，适应不同季节、水域条件，对环境要求低，可在广阔海域投入使用。在绕线桶（22）中布置有几圈预拉伸弹簧压片（16），保证浮子（3）无论是在波峰或是在波谷处，与之连接的尼龙绳索（7）始终出于拉直状态，不会因松动造成尼龙绳索（7）脱轨于滑轮组（8）而不能正常工作。在与棘轮（26）连接的固结齿轮（28）上固定有一棘爪（27），使得绕线桶（22）的双向转动中只有一个方向的转动带动棘轮（26）的运转，从而确定发电舱中的飞轮转子（17）单向储能，同时限制飞轮转子（17）的动能上限。

Description

浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置 技术领域
本发明属于海洋能利用技术领域，尤其涉及基于波浪聚焦和浪向自适应原理的波能发电装置。
 背景技术
海洋蕴含着可观的能量。充分开发和利用海洋能源可有效填补当前世界的能源缺口。在诸多海洋能形式，波浪能因其不受时地限制且分布广泛等优点受到广泛关注，已显示出很好的应用潜力。然而，在世界范围内很多海域的波浪能资源虽然分布广泛，但密度不均且随季节波动很大,导致传统波浪能装置的波能利用率不高。本发明提出一种用于中低波能密度海域的波浪能发电装置，该装置可利用多水道结构进行波能聚焦，以增加当地海域可俘获波能的总量、提高波能的利用率。同时，该装置具有浪向自适应的特点，可以根据来浪方向调整装置的迎浪角度，以适应不同季节的浪向变化。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是为中低波能密度和浪向变化的海域设计一种有效的波浪能发电装置。该装置的原理是构造两条对称的水道先将入射波浪一分为二，利用每条水道逐渐改变波浪的传播方向，水道再次交汇时，两个相同相位的波浪会迎头碰撞，产生更大的波高，这样便实现了波浪聚焦，增加了当地海域的可利用波能密度，本装置利用波浪聚焦位置处的波浪能来发电。同时，本装置可随浪向被动旋转，使水道入口始终处于迎浪方向，从而适应来浪方向不定的海域和浪向随季节变化的海域。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置，包括能量采集系统、能量转换系统和支撑系统；
所述的能量采集系统包括挡水外板1、流线型导流箱体2、浮子3、滑轨4、固定杆5、桩柱固定孔6、高强度尼龙绳索7和水道29；
挡水外板1在俯视方向看是簸箕形半开敞形状，工作时波浪从开口处进入，挡水外板1垂直穿过自由水面；挡水外板1套在流线型导流箱体2外围，在挡水外板1和流线型导流箱体2之间形成水道29区域；波浪从开口处进入时，被流线型导流箱体2分为左右两条对称的水道29；两条水道29逐渐改变波浪的传播方向，到水道交汇点30位置处时，两条水道的方向变为共线，使得两水道中波浪可迎头碰撞；用九根直径尽可能细且表面涂有抗腐蚀材料的高强度钢管作为连接用固定杆5，分别连接于抛物线型的挡水外板1和流线型导流箱体2的上下端之间，使得挡水外板1和流线型导流箱体2作为一个整体一同转动；从迎浪侧向背浪侧，挡水外板1和流线型导流箱体2的高度呈现抛物线型递增规律；挡水外板1和流线型导流箱体2之间的距离在前半段中呈现递减的规律，后半段中距离不变；在流线型导流箱体2下底面中心位置处有一个圆柱形凹陷的槽，即桩柱固定孔6，桩柱固定孔6通过转动轴承13与桩柱15上端相匹配；在水道交汇点30处靠近流线型导流箱体2的外壁面上，固定垂向滑轨4，圆柱状的浮子3连接在滑轨4上，并在浮子3下底面中心点位置连接一根高强度尼龙绳索7；工作时，波浪由挡水外板1的开口进入能量采集系统，由于流线型导流箱体2的阻碍作用，波浪被分为两部分进入两条水道；由于水道位置的逐渐变窄和变向，水位逐渐抬高并且波浪运动由开始的平行运动到最后的共线相向运动；在水道的最后，两股波浪相撞并叠加运动幅值，带动悬浮在此处的浮子3；浮子3跟随波浪上下运动的同时，其下侧相连的高强度尼龙绳索7将浮子3的动能收集并传送到能量转换系统；
所述的能量转换系统包括高强度尼龙绳索7、定滑轮组8、发电舱9、整流电器11、蓄电池组12、转动轴承13和维修通道14，其中发电舱9包括电缆10、飞轮转子17、散热片18、发电机19、电机舱20、防水外壳21、齿轮组23、转轴24和排线通道25，齿轮组23包括尼龙绳索绕线桶22、预拉伸弹簧压片16、固结齿轮28、棘轮26和棘爪27；高强度尼龙绳索7通过固定在挡水外板1和流线型导流箱体2上的定滑轮组8，最终连接到齿轮组23中的尼龙绳索绕线桶22；在齿轮组23中，尼龙绳索绕线桶22和固结齿轮28同轴固结在一起，并在尼龙绳索绕线桶22内部绕中轴放置一段预拉伸弹簧压片16；棘爪27固结在固结齿轮28上，在其上附带的弹簧推动下，始终朝向中轴侧转动，且其前段有前伸悬臂，使得固结齿轮28只有朝一个方向转动时，才能带动棘爪27推动棘轮26与之一起旋转，而朝另一个方向转动时棘爪27只会从棘轮26的齿轮上掠过，而不会带动齿轮一起转动；棘轮26与固结齿轮28并不固结，两者的中轴间布置一层滚珠轴承，使得两者同轴线但是却可发生相对转动；在发电舱9中，棘轮26与飞轮转子17同时固结在一根转轴24上，并在棘轮26与飞轮转子17的上下侧同时布置转动轴承13；在飞轮舱室的外侧均匀布置数个散热片18，便以将飞轮转动时产生的内能传递出去；飞轮转子17下侧与电机舱20相连，将飞轮转子17产生的动能转化为电能；最后在发电舱9的外侧罩上一层防水外壳21，防止电机与齿轮中渗入海水；电机舱20导出的电缆10经过排线通道25，先传送至整流电器11中，再将整流后的电能传送至蓄电池组12中，并在蓄电池上外接两根电缆10，将电能导出；并在整流电器11与蓄电池组12的外侧预留出维修通道14，以便维修；工作时，高强度尼龙绳索7通过定滑轮，缠绕在尼龙绳索绕线桶22上；高强度尼龙绳索7的运动，带动尼龙绳索绕线桶22的转动，进而带动与之固结的固结齿轮28的转动；有棘爪27的存在，固结齿轮28只有朝一个方向的转动才能带动棘轮26的一起转动；棘轮26转动进而带动与之同轴的飞轮转子17一同转动，飞轮转子17正常转动，并在下侧的发电舱9中发电；发电舱9将发得的电能输送至整流电器11中，整流电器11将电流稳定后再输送至蓄电池组12中；
所述的支撑系统包括转动轴承13和桩柱15；桩柱15的下部埋入海床，其上部周围均匀布置数组转动轴承13，使套在其上的装置可绕桩柱15自由转动，保证装置开口方向始终是朝着来浪方向；工作时，主要是波浪打在挡水外板1上时，通过数组转动转轴24，使得挡水外板1绕桩柱15转动。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
（1）通过双水道对波浪聚焦，箱体后面的水体质点运动波幅得以加倍。
（2）通过万向轴承连接装置与固定桩柱，装置开口可以始终朝向波浪流动方向，适应不同季节、水域条件，对环境要求低，可在广阔海域投入使用。
（3）在绕线桶中布置有几圈预拉伸弹簧压片，可以保证浮子无论是在波峰或是在波谷处，与之连接的尼龙绳索始终出于拉直状态，不会因松动造成绳索脱轨于滑轮组而不能正常工作。
（4）在与棘轮连接的固结齿轮上固定有一棘爪，使得绕线桶的双向转动中只有一个方向的转动可以带动棘轮的运转，从而确定发电舱中的飞轮转子单向储能，同时限制了飞轮的动能上限，保护飞轮的安全。
（5）飞轮转子旋转起来具有陀螺效应，保证固定在桩柱上的发电机舱具有稳定性。
（6）发电机的下部直接连接着整流电器与蓄电池，可以将不稳定的电流经过整流器稳定后，输入蓄电池中储存或者直接稳定输出。
 附图说明
图1是能量采集系统装置俯视图。
图2是能量采集系统装置透视图。
图3是支撑系统装置主视图。
图4是装置整体侧视图。
图5是发电舱室细节图。
图6是齿轮组细节图。
图中：1挡水外板；2流线型导流箱体；3浮子；4滑轨；5固定杆；6桩柱固定孔；7高强度尼龙绳索；8定滑轮组；9发电舱；10电缆；11整流电器；12蓄电池组；13转动轴承；14维修通道；15桩柱；16预拉伸弹簧压片；17飞轮转子；18散热片；19发电机；20电机舱；21防水外壳；22尼龙绳索绕线桶；23齿轮组；24转轴；25排线通道；26棘轮；27棘爪；28固结齿轮；29水道；30水道交汇点。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
在流线型导流箱体2中间开一个圆孔，将桩柱15固定在这个圆孔中。用五根直径不大但是高强度的钢构件连接挡水外板1和导流箱体2，两者之间的位置关系应满足在箱体的中段以后水道预留宽度基本不变。圆筒状浮子3通过可滑动的滑轨4固定在箱体的正后方，并且与边壁预留出一定距离。将数排轴承布置在桩柱15的顶部和四周，保证箱体可沿桩柱15自由转动。桩柱15预埋在海床下面。
将高强度尼龙绳索7连接在浮子3的正下方，通过数只定滑轮穿过防水外壳21，缠在绕线桶上。并在绕线桶的内部围绕中间一根轴放置几圈预拉伸的弹簧压片。将绕线桶固结在固结齿轮28上，将固结齿轮28与棘轮26同轴线但并不固结在一起，并在靠近棘轮26轮齿的固结齿轮28上，安置一个可弹动的棘爪27。沿棘轮26轴部固结一根轴承，向下延伸至飞轮转子17的轴部，使棘轮26转动带动飞轮转子17一起转动。在飞轮舱中，上下均用轴承将转子与上下舱壁隔离开来，并在舱室外侧的四周布置数排散热片18。下部是发电机舱20室，将发电机19中的电通过排线管道连接至整流器中，再将整流器中的电输送至蓄电池组12中，并在蓄电池组12上外接几根电缆10。在整流电器舱室11与蓄电池舱室边壁都预留有维修通道14。
实施例的具体参数如下：
本发明主要适用于近海水域，仅参考南海近海的常年6m水深。浮子3设计取直径0.5m，高度0.4m的圆柱状物体。挡水外板1的开口端宽度为6m，中间纵轴线长度为5.9m，迎浪侧高度为3m。而导流箱体2中段后距外板的水道宽度为1m，导流箱的高度与外板一致。桩柱15高度7.2m，直径为9.2m。带动的飞轮直径为2.2m。

Claims (1)

1.一种浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置，其特征在于，该浪向自适应多水道波浪聚焦型波能发电装置包括能量采集系统、能量转换系统和支撑系统；
所述的能量采集系统包括挡水外板（1）、流线型导流箱体（2）、浮子（3）、滑轨（4）、固定杆（5）、桩柱固定孔（6）、高强度尼龙绳索（7）和水道（29）；
挡水外板（1）在俯视方向看是簸箕形半开敞形状，工作时波浪从开口处进入，挡水外板（1）垂直穿过自由水面；挡水外板（1）套在流线型导流箱体（2）外围，在挡水外板（1）和流线型导流箱体（2）之间形成水道（29）区域；波浪从开口处进入时，被流线型导流箱体（2）分为左右两条对称的水道（29）；两条水道（29）逐渐改变波浪的传播方向，到水道交汇点（30）位置处时，两条水道的方向变为共线，使得两水道中波浪可迎头碰撞；用九根直径尽可能细且表面涂有抗腐蚀材料的高强度钢管作为连接用固定杆（5），分别连接于抛物线型的挡水外板（1）和流线型导流箱体（2）的上下端之间，使得挡水外板（1）和流线型导流箱体（2）作为一个整体一同转动；从迎浪侧向背浪侧，挡水外板（1）和流线型导流箱体（2）的高度呈现抛物线型递增规律；挡水外板（1）和流线型导流箱体（2）之间的距离在前半段中呈现递减的规律，后半段中距离不变；在流线型导流箱体（2）下底面中心位置处有一个圆柱形凹陷的槽，即桩柱固定孔（6），桩柱固定孔（6）通过转动轴承（13）与桩柱（15）上端相匹配；在水道交汇点（30）处靠近流线型导流箱体（2）的外壁面上，固定垂向滑轨（4），圆柱状的浮子（3）连接在滑轨（4）上，并在浮子（3）下底面中心点位置连接一根高强度尼龙绳索（7）；工作时，波浪由挡水外板（1）的开口进入能量采集系统，由于流线型导流箱体（2）的阻碍作用，波浪被分为两部分进入两条水道；由于水道位置的逐渐变窄和变向，水位逐渐抬高并且波浪运动由开始的平行运动到最后的共线相向运动；在水道的最后，两股波浪相撞并叠加运动幅值，带动悬浮在此处的浮子（3）；浮子（3）跟随波浪上下运动的同时，其下侧相连的高强度尼龙绳索（7）将浮子（3）的动能收集并传送到能量转换系统；
所述的能量转换系统包括高强度尼龙绳索（7）、定滑轮组（8）、发电舱（9）、整流电器（11）、蓄电池组（12）、转动轴承（13）和维修通道（14），其中发电舱（9）包括电缆（10）、飞轮转子（17）、散热片（18）、发电机（19）、电机舱（20）、防水外壳（21）、齿轮组（23）、转轴（24）和排线通道（25），齿轮组（23）包括尼龙绳索绕线桶（22）、预拉伸弹簧压片（16）、固结齿轮（28）、棘轮（26）和棘爪（27）；高强度尼龙绳索（7）通过固定在挡水外板（1）和流线型导流箱体（2）上的定滑轮组（8），最终连接到齿轮组（23）中的尼龙绳索绕线桶（22）；在齿轮组（23）中，尼龙绳索绕线桶（22）和固结齿轮（28）同轴固结在一起，并在尼龙绳索绕线桶（22）内部绕中轴放置一段预拉伸弹簧压片（16）；棘爪（27）固结在固结齿轮（28）上，在其上附带的弹簧推动下，始终朝向中轴侧转动，且其前段有前伸悬臂，使得固结齿轮（28）只有朝一个方向转动时，才能带动棘爪（27）推动棘轮（26）与之一起旋转，而朝另一个方向转动时棘爪（27）只会从棘轮（26）的齿轮上掠过，而不会带动齿轮一起转动；棘轮（26）与固结齿轮（28）并不固结，两者的中轴间布置一层滚珠轴承，使得两者同轴线但是却可发生相对转动；在发电舱（9）中，棘轮（26）与飞轮转子（17）同时固结在一根转轴（24）上，并在棘轮（26）与飞轮转子（17）的上下侧同时布置转动轴承（13）；在飞轮舱室的外侧均匀布置数个散热片（18），便以将飞轮转动时产生的内能传递出去；飞轮转子（17）下侧与电机舱（20）相连，将飞轮转子（17）产生的动能转化为电能；最后在发电舱（9）的外侧罩上一层防水外壳（21），防止电机与齿轮中渗入海水；电机舱（20）导出的电缆（10）经过排线通道（25），先传送至整流电器（11）中，再将整流后的电能传送至蓄电池组（12）中，并在蓄电池上外接两根电缆（10），将电能导出；并在整流电器（11）与蓄电池组（12）的外侧预留出维修通道（14），以便维修；工作时，高强度尼龙绳索（7）通过定滑轮，缠绕在尼龙绳索绕线桶（22）上；高强度尼龙绳索（7）的运动，带动尼龙绳索绕线桶（22）的转动，进而带动与之固结的固结齿轮（28）的转动；有棘爪（27）的存在，固结齿轮（28）只有朝一个方向的转动才能带动棘轮（26）的一起转动；棘轮（26）转动进而带动与之同轴的飞轮转子（17）一同转动，飞轮转子（17）正常转动，并在下侧的发电舱（9）中发电；发电舱（9）将发得的电能输送至整流电器（11）中，整流电器（11）将电流稳定后再输送至蓄电池组（12）中；
所述的支撑系统包括转动轴承（13）和桩柱（15）；桩柱（15）的下部埋入海床，其上部周围均匀布置数组转动轴承（13），使套在其上的装置可绕桩柱（15）自由转动，保证装置开口方向始终是朝着来浪方向；工作时，主要是波浪打在挡水外板（1）上时，通过数组转动转轴（24），使得挡水外板（1）绕桩柱（15）转动。
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