WO2021064133A1

WO2021064133A1 - Concrete paving block, paving arrangement, and method for producing a paving block

Info

Publication number: WO2021064133A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/077581
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernhard Godelmann
Original assignee: Godelmann Pflasterstein - Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2019-10-02
Filing date: 2020-10-01
Publication date: 2021-04-08
Also published as: EP4038238A1; DE102019126700A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a paving block (1) made of concrete (12; 13) for laying in combination in a predefined grid consisting of a paving block body (2) with a substantially cuboid lower paving block portion (3) and adjoining upper paving block portion (4), the lower paving block portion (3) forming the block underside (6) and the upper paving block portion (4) forming the block upper side (9), the block underside (6) having a lower contour (8) formed by four lower side edges (7) and the block upper side (9) having an upper contour (11) formed by four upper side edges (10), the lower contour (8) being substantially rectangular and fitting into the predefined grid, and the upper contour (11) being designed in such a way that, when the upper contour (11) projects into a plane accommodating the block underside (6), the upper contour (11) is fully accommodated in the lower contour (8). The paving block (1) is characterised in particular in that at least one of the upper side edges (10) of the upper contour (11) runs relative to the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) in such a way that the projected upper side edge (10) of the upper contour (11) forms an acute angle (α) with the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8). The invention further relates to a paving arrangement (21) and to a method for producing a paving block (1).

Description

Concrete paving block, paving bandage and method of making one

Cobblestone

The invention relates to a paving stone made of concrete for laying in a composite according to the preamble of claim 1, a paving bandage according to the preamble of claim 10 and a method for producing a paving stone made of concrete according to the preamble of claim 13.

Generic paving stones are very well known from the prior art. Often there is a desire to create paving stones with a natural stone-like appearance.

Such a paving stone is known for example from the German utility model DE 81 31 881 Ul. This concrete paving stone has an approximately rectangular basic shape and a flank profile that recedes behind the basic shape. The flanks are inclined obliquely inwards from the bearing surface to the top of the paving stone and run out at least on the top in an irregular contour. As a result, the paving stone has a soft, natural stone-like contour when viewed from above.

An artificial stone with a base section is known from the American patent US Pat. No. 8,231,304 B2, the base section being shaped as a cuboid for a patterned, matching arrangement of the slab stone with similar slab stones. The stone further includes an upper portion with a surface that has an irregularly shaped upper contour that differs from the base contour. The stone further comprises an intermediate section which connects the upper section to the base section. The intermediate section has an inclined wall that extends between the upper section and a side wall of the base section. Bricks of this construction can easily be arranged in a regular, repeating pattern to create continuous coverage of an area. The irregular upper contours of the stones simulate the appearance of natural stone.

Although the paving stones known from the prior art have a natural stone-like appearance stone for stone, they nevertheless give a very orderly, regular appearance when combined.

Based on this, it is the object of the invention to create paving stones made of concrete for laying in a bond, which also have an irregular, natural stone-like appearance in the bond. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a To create paving dressing with an irregular, natural stone-like appearance and a method for producing such paving stones.

The object is achieved by a paving stone made of concrete for laying in a composite according to claim 1, a paving bandage according to claim 10 and a method for producing a paving stone made of concrete according to claim 13.

A paving stone made of concrete is proposed for laying in a composite or association in a given grid dimension. The laying of paving stones in a composite in a given grid dimension simplifies the laying of the paving stones, for example in comparison to the laying of natural stones, in which each stone has to be selected individually. It is even possible to have the laying of paving stones carried out by machine in a given grid dimension.

The paving stone consists of a paving stone body with an essentially cuboid lower paving stone section and an adjoining upper paving stone section. The lower paving stone section forms the lower side of the stone and the upper paving stone section forms the upper side of the stone, the upper side of the stone running parallel to the lower side of the stone. The lower side of the stone has a lower contour formed by four lower side edges and the upper side of the stone has an upper contour formed by four upper side edges. The contour is to be understood as the outline of the surface of the lower side of the stone or the upper side of the stone. Since the contour of the lower side of the stone and the upper side of the stone are each formed from four side edges, the lower side of the stone and the upper side of the stone are each square.

The lower contour is essentially rectangular or square and fits into the specified grid dimension. This is important for the easy laying of the paving stones. The insertion into the given grid dimension allows different formats of the paving stones. For example, in the classic Roman bond, four different formats of paving stones are required, each of which fits into the specified grid size.

Furthermore, the upper contour is designed according to the invention in such a way that when the upper contour is projected into a plane accommodating the lower side of the stone, the upper contour is completely recorded in the lower contour. This means that the upper contour does not protrude from the lower contour. The paving stones must therefore be laid in a bond according to their lower contour. The joints that result in the bond between the upper contours of adjacent paving stones are at least as wide as, but usually wider than the joints between the corresponding lower contours of adjacent paving stones.

According to the invention, at least one of the upper side edges of the upper contour also extends to the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour in such a way that the projected upper side edge of the upper contour forms an acute angle with the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour. The lower side edge adjacent to an upper side edge is understood to mean that lower side edge, the center of which has the smallest distance from the center of the projected upper side edge. An acute angle is an angle larger than 0 ° but smaller than 90 °. The course according to the invention of the at least one upper side edge results, at least visually, in an irregularity in a bond in which the paving stone is laid. This optical irregularity gives the impression of a disorder and gives the plaster bandage an appearance similar to natural stone. The rectangular lower contour makes it easy to lay the paving stones in a composite and in a predetermined grid.

In an advantageous variant, the upper contour is designed in the form of a quadrilateral that deviates from the rectangular or square shape, i.e. the circumferential shape of the upper contour has four corners, but deviates from the rectangular or square shape. In this way, the degree of optical irregularity of a surface covering produced by means of the paving stones according to the invention is again noticeably increased in a particularly advantageous manner.

It is particularly preferred that the lower contour and the upper contour are asymmetrical to one another, i.e. the circumferential shape of the lower contour is different from the circumferential shape of the upper contour. As a result, the effect according to the invention of an optically irregular surface covering made of paving stones is additionally reinforced.

Advantageously, two, three or four of the upper side edges of the upper contour extend to the adjacent lower side edges of the lower contour in such a way that the projected upper side edge of the upper contour forms an acute angle with the neighboring lower side edge of the lower contour. Different variations are possible, for example in the direction in which the upper side edge is rotated or twisted compared to the lower side edge. The fact that two, three or four of the upper side edges run in the aforementioned manner increases the irregularity of the paving stone and thus the joints between the paving stones in the bond. The result is a particularly natural stone-like appearance. It is advantageous if exactly two of the upper side edges of the upper contour extend to the neighboring lower side edges of the lower contour in such a way that the projected upper side edge of the upper contour forms an acute angle with the neighboring lower side edge of the lower contour and these two upper side edges are adjacent Are side edges or opposite side edges. Here, too, the use of the two variants results in an increased irregularity of the paving stones in the bond, which promotes the natural stone-like appearance.

It is advantageous if at least one of the upper side edges of the upper contour extends to the neighboring lower side edge of the lower contour in such a way that the at least one projected upper side edge of the upper contour is congruent with the neighboring lower side edge of the lower contour and / or that the at least a projected upper side edge of the upper contour runs parallel but shifted to the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour or that the projected upper side edge of the upper contour encloses a predetermined angle of inclination with the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour. These simple possibilities result in a large number of variants of the paving stones. The different variants promote the irregularity between the paving stones, but the restriction to the three courses of the upper side edges offers the viewer a pleasing overall appearance.

The predetermined angle of inclination is advantageously between 2 ° and 5 °, preferably between 3 ° and 4 °, particularly preferably approximately 3.5 °. Inclination angles smaller than the mentioned lead to an effect that is barely or only weakly recognizable, so that the natural stone-like appearance is lost. On the other hand, angles of inclination greater than those mentioned lead to very wide joints which are no longer visually appealing and impair the passability or drivability of the paving bandage.

It is advantageous if the upper paving stone section is essentially delimited by the stone top, the rectangular boundary surface between the upper paving stone section and the lower paving stone section and four flanks, each flank preferably having four corners and a flat square or an oblique one consisting of two connected triangles Square is. The first case, that the flank is a flat square, occurs when the four corners of the flank lie in one plane. Then one of the edges of the flat quadrangle coincides with one of the edges of the stone top and another of the edges of the flat quadrangle with one of the edges of the rectangular boundary surface between the upper paving stone section and the lower paving stone section. On the other hand, if the four corners of the flank are not in one Plane, then the flank is an oblique square, which is also not in one plane and is formed from two connected plane triangles. One edge of one triangle thus coincides with an edge of the other triangle. Furthermore, one of the edges of the one triangle coincides with one of the edges of the stone top and one of the edges of the other triangle with one of the edges of the rectangular boundary surface between the upper paving stone section and the lower paving stone section. Given the four corners of the oblique square, there are two different options for selecting the triangles, namely in such a way that the oblique square forms a concave flank or a convex flank of the upper paving stone section. Because of the less sharp transitions between the boundary surfaces, the variant in which the oblique square forms a convex flank is to be preferred here. By designing the flanks as flat and / or oblique quadrilaterals, the number of surfaces bounding the upper paving stone section is kept to a minimum. This facilitates the production of the paving stones and avoids unnecessary lateral depressions and / or elevations.

It is advantageous if the paving stone has a vertical that is perpendicular to the stone top and the stone bottom, and at least one of the flanks is designed in such a way that the plane in which the flat square or one of the triangles of the flank lies is the vertical cuts. This means that at least one flank or part of a flank of the paving stone is not oriented vertically. The oblique alignment of the flank or part of the flank results in a widened joint to the neighboring paving stone, which supports the natural stone-like appearance of the paving bandage.

The lower paving stone section advantageously consists of core concrete and the upper paving stone section consists of core concrete in a lower area and of facing concrete in an upper area. Only the uppermost area of the paving stone consists of facing concrete, the rest of core concrete. The core concrete is designed for the expected load on the paving stone, while the facing concrete determines the surface properties, for example in terms of appearance and / or grip.

It is advantageous if the lower paving stone section is delimited by the stone underside, the interface between the upper paving stone section and the lower paving stone section and four peripheral sides and the paving stone body has spacer elements on at least two of the peripheral sides. The spacer elements can be brought into contact with spacer elements or peripheral sides of the adjacent paving stones, as a result of which the distances between the lower paving stone sections in the paving bond are precisely defined. By varying the depth of the spacer elements, that is, by varying the distance created by the spacer elements, the joints between the lower paving stone sections and thus the joints between the stone tops, which in turn supports the irregularity of the paving and thus the natural stone-like appearance.

Furthermore, a paving bandage is proposed, comprising a multiplicity of paving stones to be laid in a grid dimension. The laying of paving stones in a bond in a given grid dimension simplifies the laying of the paving stones, for example in comparison to laying natural stones, in which each stone has to be selected individually. It is even possible to have the laying of paving stones in a bond carried out by machine in a given grid dimension. Different formats of the paving stones are possible, as long as they can be inserted into the grid dimensions. For example, four different formats of paving stones are required for the classic Roman bond. A paving bandage with different sizes of the paving stones looks more natural than a strictly regular paving bandage with only one type of paving stones.

According to the invention, at least one of the paving stones is designed in accordance with the preceding description. At least one of the upper side edges of the upper contour of this paving stone runs to the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour in such a way that the projected upper side edge of the upper contour forms an acute angle with the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour. This course of the side edge results in an irregularity in the plaster bandage, which gives the impression of a disorder and gives the plaster bandage an appearance similar to natural stone. However, the paving stones are still easy to lay because they fit into the given grid dimensions. So you get a natural stone-like look without the difficulties of laying real natural stones.

Advantageously, at least two of the paving stones have different lower contours, that is to say at least two different formats of paving stones which fit into the predetermined grid dimension are provided. Different formats of paving stones loosen up the appearance of the paving bandage and support the natural stone-like appearance. The classic Roman bond, for example, can be laid with four different lower contours, i.e. four different formats of the paving stones. Particularly preferably, several paving stones of a bond have different upper contours, which are each designed asymmetrically to the respective lower contour of the paving stone.

It is advantageous if at least two of the paving stones are designed in such a way that their paving stone bodies have spacing elements on at least two of the peripheral sides and these spacing elements are different from one another. Then it will be different width Joints created between the stone tops of neighboring paving stones, which further reinforce the natural stone-like appearance of the paving bond.

It is advantageous if the plaster bandage is a braided bandage and / or a Roman bandage. The alternation of paving stones of different formats in these associations also results in an irregularity that supports the natural stone-like appearance of the paving association.

Furthermore, a method for producing a paving stone from concrete is proposed. A formwork is provided which delimits a cavity, the cavity comprising a stone body section which corresponds to the paving stone body of the paving stone. The formwork can be provided in various ways known to the person skilled in the art. It acts, as usual, as a negative for the paving stone body of the paving stone. To produce the paving stone from concrete, concrete is then introduced into the formwork, the concrete is compacted and hardened and the formwork is removed from the concrete.

According to the invention, the paving stone is designed in accordance with the preceding description. This means that the stone body section of the cavity, which is delimited by the formwork, is designed in such a way that the paving stone resulting after the formwork has been removed from the hardened concrete consists of a paving stone body with an essentially cuboid lower paving stone section and an adjoining upper paving stone section. The lower paving stone section forms the lower side of the stone and the upper paving stone section the upper side of the stone, the upper side of the stone running parallel to the lower side of the stone. The lower side of the stone has a lower contour formed by four lower side edges and the upper side of the stone has an upper contour formed by four upper side edges, the lower contour being essentially rectangular or square and fitting into a predetermined grid dimension. The upper contour is designed in such a way that when the upper contour is projected into a plane containing the lower side of the stone, the upper contour is completely incorporated in the lower contour and at least one of the upper side edges of the upper contour extends to the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour in such a way that the projected upper side edge of the upper contour forms an acute angle with the adjacent lower side edge of the lower contour. The irregularity of the resulting paving stone gives the impression of a disorder and gives the paving bond a natural stone-like appearance. Due to the rectangular contour of the lower paving stone section, simple laying of the paving stones is nevertheless possible. According to the method according to the invention, the paving stone is produced in one piece, ie after its production it already has an upper contour that is different from the lower contour Contour on. A post-processing of a "paving stone blank" to produce an upper contour that deviates from the lower contour is thus particularly advantageously dispensed with.

Advantageously, the cavity further comprises an introduction section which adjoins the stone body section and in particular has the shape of a prism with a base area which corresponds to the stone top. The concrete can be introduced into the formwork via the introduction section; this prevents the concrete from overflowing, for example, even if only slightly more concrete has been introduced than fits into the cavity. In addition, the concrete can be compacted with a punch, the punch terminating with the introduction section. The punch also preferably has a base area that corresponds to the stone top and thus fits precisely into the introduction section.

It is also an advantage if core concrete is first poured into the formwork. The core concrete provides the necessary load-bearing capacity for the paving stone, but can be made relatively coarse as it will not be visible later. The core concrete is then preferably pre-compacted, for example by shaking. Facing concrete is then poured into the formwork, which is responsible in particular for the desired surface appearance and structure of the paving stone. After the facing concrete has been poured in, the concrete is compacted and then hardened.

The terms “approximately”, “essentially” or “approximately” mean deviations from the exact value in each case by +/- 10%, preferably by +/- 5% and / or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function .

Developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention also emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figures. In this case, all of the features described and / or shown in the figures, individually or in any combination, are fundamentally the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their reference. The content of the claims is also made part of the description.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures using exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. La is a perspective view of a paving stone,

Fig. Lb a plan view of the paving stone from Figure la, Fig. Lc a longitudinal section through the paving stone from Figures la and lb,

Fig. Id a representation of the lower contour and upper contour of the paving stone from Figures la to lc,

2a-2d are longitudinal sections through the paving stone from FIGS. 1a-1d in various steps of its manufacture,

3a-3h representations of the lower contour and upper contour of different embodiments of a paving stone,

4a-4d representations of the lower contour and upper contour of various further embodiments of a paving stone,

5 shows a plan view of a plaster bandage,

6a shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of a paving stone and

FIG. 6b shows a longitudinal section through the paving stone from FIG. 6a.

Identical reference symbols are used in the figures for elements of the invention that are the same or have the same effect. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures that are necessary for the description of the respective figure.

FIG. 1 a shows a perspective view of a paving stone 1. The paving stone 1 consists of a paving stone body 2 which comprises a lower paving stone section 3 and an adjoining upper paving stone section 4. The interface 5 between the lower paving stone section 3 and the upper paving stone section 4 is shown as a dashed line.

The lower paving stone section 3 is essentially cuboid or cube-shaped. A stone underside 6, which is formed by the lower paving stone section 3, is delimited by four lower side edges 7, which form an essentially rectangular lower contour 8. In the event that the four lower side edges 7 are of equal length, the lower contour 8 is square. The dimensions of the lower contour 8 are selected in such a way that the paving stone 1 can be laid in a predetermined grid dimension. Different shapes and sizes of the lower contour 8 fit a given grid dimension. For example, paving stones 1 with four different formats and thus four different lower contours 8 are required to lay a classic Roman association. Because the lower paving stone section 3 is cuboid and has a lower contour 8 that matches the predetermined grid dimensions, laying the paving stone 1 is not or only slightly more difficult than laying a generally cuboid paving stone. It is even conceivable for the paving stone 1 to be laid by machine and / or by means of a robot.

The upper paving stone section 4 forms the stone top side 9 of the paving stone 1, which is visible after the laying of the paving stone 1 and is walked on and / or driven on. The stone top 9 is limited by four upper side edges 10, which form a square upper contour 11. The stone top 9 can also be clearly seen in the plan view of the paving stone 1 shown by way of example in FIG. Furthermore, FIG. 1d shows the lower contour 8 and a projection of the upper contour 11 into a plane receiving the stone underside 6. The lower contour 8 is shown in dashed lines and the projected upper contour 11 is shown as a continuous line. Where the lower contour 8 coincides with the projected upper contour 11, only the continuous line is shown.

The projected upper contour 11 is completely recorded in the lower contour 8, that is, the upper contour 11 does not protrude beyond the lower contour 8. The paving stones 1 can therefore be laid in association with their lower contour 8. The joints that result in the bond between the upper contours 11 of adjacent paving stones 1 are at least as wide as, but usually wider than, the joints between the corresponding lower contours 8 of adjacent paving stones 1.

Furthermore, one of the upper side edges 10 - the upper left side edge 10 in FIGS. 1b and 1d - runs to the adjacent lower side edge 7 in such a way that the projected upper side edge 10 encloses an acute angle a with the adjacent lower side edge 7. The lower side edge 7 adjacent to an upper side edge 10 is understood to mean that lower side edge 7, the center of which has the smallest distance from the center of the projected upper side edge 10. In the event that a projected upper side edge 10 coincides with a lower side edge 7, this lower side edge 7 is also the adjacent lower side edge 7 to the upper side edge 10 The acute angle a is greater than 0 ° but smaller than 90 °. Preferably, however, the acute angle α corresponds to a predetermined angle of inclination which is between 2 ° and 5 °, preferably between 3 ° and 4 ° and particularly preferably approximately 3.5 °. In the figures (with the exception of FIG. 5) the acute angle a is shown greatly enlarged in order to improve the visibility.

The course of the upper side edge 10, the projection of which encloses an acute angle a with the adjacent lower side edge 7, results in an irregularity in a bond in which the paving stone 1 is laid. If other paving stones 1 of the association also have upper side edges 10, which run to the adjacent lower side edges 7 in such a way that the projected upper side edges 10 enclose acute angles a with the lower side edges 7, there are many such irregularities that give the impression of disorder and give the pavement an appearance similar to natural stone. The lower contours 8 of the paving stones 1 are rectangular, so that simple laying of the paving stones 1 is possible.

The upper paving stone section 4 is delimited by the stone top 9, the interface 5 between the upper paving stone section 4 and the lower paving stone section 3 and four flanks 14. The flanks 14 have four corners. Depending on the course of the upper side edges 10, the flanks 14 are flat quadrilaterals 15 or inclined quadrilaterals 16. Inclined quadrilaterals 16 are quadrangles, the four corners of which do not lie in one plane. The oblique squares 16 are formed from two contiguous flat triangles 17. In principle, two different configurations are conceivable, so that the upper paving stone section 4 is concave or convex in the area of the oblique square 16. In order to avoid sharp edges, the configuration shown in FIG. 1 a is preferably selected, in which the upper paving stone section 4 is convex.

The one triangle 17 is parallel to a vertical V, which is perpendicular to the stone top 9 and the stone bottom 6. The other triangle 17, however, lies in a plane that intersects the vertical V. The oblique alignment of this part of the flank 14 results in a widened joint to the adjacent paving stone 1 in the paving bond, which supports the natural stone-like appearance of the paving bond

Figure lc shows a longitudinal section through the paving stone 1 along the line A-A 'shown in Figure lb. The interface 5 between the lower paving stone section 3 and the upper paving stone section 4 is again shown as a dashed line. As shown in FIG. 1c, the entire lower paving stone section 3 as well as a lower area of the upper paving stone section 4 consists of core concrete 12, while an upper area of the upper paving stone section 4 consists of facing concrete 13. The core concrete is 12 designed for the expected load on the paving stone 1, while the facing concrete 13 determines the nature of the stone top 9, for example in terms of appearance and / or grip.

FIGS. 2a to 2d show longitudinal sections through the paving stone 1 from FIGS. La to ld in various steps of its manufacture. First, as shown in FIG. 2a, a formwork 18 is provided which delimits a cavity 19. The cavity 19 comprises a stone body section 19.1, which corresponds to the paving stone body 2 of the paving stone 1. That is, the formwork 18 is the negative for the paving stone body 2. The stone body section 19.1 is followed by an insertion section 19.2 of the cavity 19, via which concrete is introduced into the formwork 18 and which is also important when compacting the concrete. The introduction section 19.2 has the shape of a prism, the base area of the prism corresponding to the stone top 9.

Core concrete 12 is first introduced into the formwork 18. The formwork 18 with introduced core concrete 12 is shown in Figure 2b. The core concrete 12 is then preferably pre-compacted. Facing concrete 13 is then introduced into the formwork 18, the formwork 18 with the facing concrete 13 being introduced in FIG. 2c. As an alternative to the introduction of core concrete 12 and facing concrete 13, only one type of concrete can also be introduced. This influences the quality, the appearance and / or the price of the paving stone 1.

The concrete introduced into the formwork 18 is then compacted. This is preferably done by means of a stamp 20, as shown in FIG. 2d. The punch 20 closes with an exact fit with the introduction section 19.2. That is, the base of the stamp 20 also corresponds to the stone top 9. The underside of the stamp 20 can be smooth, have corners that round off the edges of the paving stone 1 and / or have a pattern that corresponds to the stone top 9 confers. Finally, after the concrete has been compacted and hardened, the formwork 18 is removed from the concrete or from the finished paving stone 1.

FIGS. 3a to 3h show, for example, representations of the lower contour 8 and projected upper contour 11 of different embodiments of a paving stone 1. The lower contour 8, which is shown in dashed lines, is the same in FIGS. 3a to 3h. Corresponding embodiments of paving stones 1 can, however, also be transferred to paving stones 1 with other lower contours 8, in particular also to paving stones 1 with square lower contours 8. In FIGS. 3a and 3b, three of the projected upper side edges 10 coincide with the lower side edges 7 adjacent to them. The fourth projected upper side edge 10 forms an acute angle a with the lower side edge 7 adjacent to it, the acute angle a being shown enlarged in the figures and between 2 ° and 5 °, preferably between 3 ° and 4 °, particularly preferably approximately Should be 3.5 °. In FIG. 3a, the lower side edge 7 adjacent to the fourth projected upper side edge 10 is a short edge of the rectangle, and in FIG. 3b it is a long edge of the rectangle.

FIGS. 3c and 3d show two embodiments of paving stones 1 in which exactly two of the projected upper side edges 10 enclose an acute angle a with the lower side edges 7 adjacent to them. In FIG. 3c these are upper side edges 10 which adjoin one another at one corner, in FIG. 3d they are opposite upper side edges 10.

The paving stones 1 shown in FIGS. 3e and 3f have exactly three upper side edges 10, which are designed such that the projected upper side edge 10 encloses an acute angle a with the lower side edge 7 adjacent to it. Various variations are possible here, in particular with regard to the direction of rotation in which the projected upper side edge 10 is rotated with respect to the lower side edge 7 adjacent to it.

Furthermore, FIGS. 3g and 3h show paving stones 1 with exactly four upper side edges 10, which are designed in such a way that the projected upper side edge 10 encloses an acute angle a with the lower side edge 7 adjacent to it. Here, too, various variations are possible, for example, as shown in FIG. 3g, the upper contour 11 can be a rectangle that is rotated compared to the lower contour 8. The upper contour 11 can, however, also be an asymmetrical square, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3h.

The embodiments of a paving stone 1 shown in Figures 4a to 4d have, in addition to upper side edges 10, which are designed such that the projected upper side edge 10 encloses an acute angle a with the adjacent lower side edge 7, and / or upper side edges 10, which are designed in this way are that the projected upper side edge 10 coincides with the adjacent lower side edge 7, also upper side edges 10, which are designed in such a way that the projected upper side edge 10 is parallel but shifted to the adjacent lower side edge 7. In FIGS. 4a and 4d, two projected upper side edges 10 each run parallel, but shifted to the adjacent lower side edge 7, in FIGS. 4b and 4c this is only one projected upper side edge 10. Here, too, the most diverse variants are conceivable. Paving stones 1 of FIGS. 3a to 3h and 4a to 4d can be laid to form a paving bond, also in combination with conventional paving stones, the lower contours of which also fit into the grid. Such a plaster bandage has an appearance similar to natural stone due to its irregularities.

A top view of such a plaster bandage 21 is shown in FIG. This plaster bandage 21 is a braided bandage with three different formats, that is, with three different lower contours 8. The paving stones 1 are designed in accordance with the preceding description. The joints 22 of different thicknesses, some of which taper to a point, between the individual paving stones 1 result in the natural stone-like appearance of the paving bandage 21.

Finally, FIGS. 6a and 6b show a top view or a longitudinal section through a further exemplary embodiment of a paving stone 1. The paving stone body 2 of this paving stone 1 has two of the four peripheral sides 23 which, together with the stone underside 6 and the boundary surface 5, delimit the lower paving stone section 3 , Spacer elements 24. The spacer elements 24 are arranged on two adjacent circumferential sides 23 and are made in one piece with the paving stone body 2. When laying paving stones 1 with spacer elements 24, these are laid in such a way that the spacing elements 24 touch the lower paving stone sections 3 of the respectively neighboring paving stones 1. By varying the thickness of the spacer elements 24, joints 22 of different widths can also be achieved between the paving stones 1. The natural stone-like impression of the plaster bandage 21 can hereby be reinforced.

The invention was described above using exemplary embodiments. It goes without saying that numerous changes and modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concept on which the invention is based.

List of reference symbols

1 cobblestone

2 paving stone bodies

3 lower cobblestone section

4 upper paving stone section

5 interface

6 stone underside

7 lower side edge

8 lower contour

9 stone top

10 upper side edge 11 upper contour 12 core concrete

13 Facing concrete

14 flank

15 flat square

16 oblique square

17 triangle

18 formwork

19 cavity

19.1 Stone Body Section

19.2 Bringing section

20 stamp 21 plaster bandage 22 joint

23 circumferential page

24 spacer element a acute angle

A - A 'cutting line

V vertical

Claims

1. Paving stone made of concrete (12; 13) for laying in a composite in a predetermined grid size consisting of a paving stone body (2) with an essentially cuboid lower paving stone section (3) and adjoining upper paving stone section (4), the lower paving stone section (3 ) the stone bottom (6) and the upper paving stone section (4) forms the stone top (9), the stone top (9) running parallel to the stone bottom (6), the stone bottom (6) having one of four lower side edges (7) formed below Contour (8) and the stone top (9) have an upper contour (11) formed by four upper side edges (10), the lower contour (8) being essentially rectangular or square and fitting into the specified grid dimension, the upper The contour (11) is designed such that when the upper contour (11) is projected into a plane receiving the stone underside (6), the upper contour (11) is completely in de r lower contour (8) is recorded, characterized in that at least one of the upper side edges (10) of the upper contour (11) extends to the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) in such a way that the projected upper side edge (10 ) the upper contour (11) forms an acute angle (a) with the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8).

2. Paving stone according to claim 1, characterized in that two, three or four of the upper side edges (10) of the upper contour (11) extend to the adjacent lower side edges (7) of the lower contour (8) in such a way that the projected upper side edge (10) of the upper contour (11) forms an acute angle (a) with the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) and / or that the upper contour (11) is in the form of a square deviating from the rectangular or square shape is trained.

3. Paving stone according to claim 2, characterized in that exactly two of the upper side edges (10) of the upper contour (11) extend to the adjacent lower side edges (7) of the lower contour (8) in such a way that the projected upper side edge (10) the upper contour (11) forms an acute angle (a) with the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) and these two upper side edges (10) are adjacent side edges (10) or opposite side edges (10).

4. Paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one of the upper side edges (10) of the upper contour (11) to adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) extends in such a way that the at least one projected upper side edge (10) of the upper contour (11) is congruent with the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) and / or that the at least one projected upper side edge (10) of the upper contour (11) runs parallel but shifted to the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8) or that the projected upper side edge (10) of the upper contour (11) is one includes predetermined angle of inclination with the adjacent lower side edge (7) of the lower contour (8).

5. Paving stone according to claim 4, characterized in that the predetermined angle of inclination is between 2 ° and 5 °, preferably between 3 ° and 4 °, particularly preferably about 3.5 °.

6. Paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the upper paving stone section (4) essentially from the stone top (9), a rectangular interface (5) between the upper paving stone section (4) and the lower paving stone section (3) as well as four flanks (14), each flank (14) preferably having four corners and being a flat square (15) or an oblique square (16) consisting of two connected triangles (17).

7. Paving stone according to claim 6, characterized in that the paving stone (1) has a vertical (V) which is perpendicular to the stone top (9) and the stone bottom (6), and at least one of the flanks (14) is formed in this way that the plane in which the flat square (15) or one of the triangles (17) of the flank (14) lies intersects the vertical (V).

8. Paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lower paving stone section (3) made of core concrete (12) and the upper paving stone section (4) in a lower area made of core concrete (12) and in an upper area made of facing concrete ( 13) and / or that the lower contour (8) and the upper contour (11) are asymmetrical to one another.

9. Paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lower paving stone section (3) from the stone underside (6), the interface (5) between the upper paving stone section (4) and the lower paving stone section (3) and four peripheral sides (23) is limited and the paving stone body (2) has spacer elements (24) on at least two of the peripheral sides (23).

10. A paving bandage, comprising a plurality of paving stones (1) to be laid in a grid dimension, characterized in that at least one of the paving stones (1) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Plaster bandage according to claim 10, characterized in that at least two of the paving stones (1) have different lower contours (8) and / or that at least two of the paving stones (1) are formed according to claim 9 and have different spacer elements (24).

12. plaster bandage according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the plaster bandage (21) is a braided bandage and / or a Roman bandage.

13. A method for producing a paving stone (1) from concrete (12; 13), wherein a formwork (18) is provided which delimits a cavity (19), wherein the cavity (19) comprises a stone body section (19.1), which the Paving stone body (2) corresponds to the paving stone (1), concrete (12; 13) is introduced into the formwork (18), the concrete (12; 13) is compacted and hardened and the formwork (18) is removed from the concrete (12; 13) ) is removed, characterized in that the paving stone (1) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 9.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the cavity (19) further comprises an introduction section (19.2) which adjoins the stone body section (19.1) and in particular the shape of a prism with a base which corresponds to the stone top (9) , wherein the concrete (12; 13) is introduced into the formwork (18) via the introduction section (19.2) and / or the concrete (12; 13) is compacted with a punch (20), the punch (20) ends with the introduction section (19.2).

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that first core concrete (12) is introduced into the formwork (18), the core concrete (12) is preferably pre-compacted, and then facing concrete (13) is introduced into the formwork (18) .