WO2021059307A1 - Nouveau procédé pour cultiver et faire croître des plantes et installation relative - Google Patents

Nouveau procédé pour cultiver et faire croître des plantes et installation relative Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021059307A1
WO2021059307A1 PCT/IT2019/000075 IT2019000075W WO2021059307A1 WO 2021059307 A1 WO2021059307 A1 WO 2021059307A1 IT 2019000075 W IT2019000075 W IT 2019000075W WO 2021059307 A1 WO2021059307 A1 WO 2021059307A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant
light
pigments
plants
cultivating
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PCT/IT2019/000075
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English (en)
Inventor
Stefano CHIOCCHINI
Original Assignee
Serranova S.R.L
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Priority to PCT/IT2019/000075 priority Critical patent/WO2021059307A1/fr
Publication of WO2021059307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021059307A1/fr

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/04Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/246Air-conditioning systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/249Lighting means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of cultivation and the relative systems for cultivating plants in general, for example vegetables, trees, fruits in general and similar ones.
  • the invention relates to an innovative method for cultivating and relative plant which increases remarkably the speed of growth and the quality of fruit and vegetable products treated according to this technology.
  • Cultivations in general, in particular in greenhouses, requires a predetermined time for growing.
  • optimizing growing conditions of plants means increasing the speed of growth and optimizing the quality of product, therefore the yield thereof.
  • fertilizers/manures are used in the state of art in order to facilitate growth of the product and therefore increase the yield thereof.
  • DNA of plants may be modified by means of techniques of genetic engineering, but obviously, this kind of interventions may not only alter the quality of product but also have a negative impact on health of subject which consume these products.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide an innovative plant for cultivating and relative method for cultivating which solves at least in part said technical disadvantages.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a plant for cultivating and relative method which enables to optimize and therefore increase the speed of growth of the vegetable product.
  • Another aim of the present invention is to provide a plant for cultivating and relative method which enables to obtain products with great nutritional and taste values and in which it is not necessary the use of chemical substances potentially harmful for health in order to protect the plant from various possible pests.
  • these photoconverters are englobed in supports, for example of glass or other materials, which can constitute structural parts of a greenhouse and in any case, they are arranged or can be arranged so as to be hit by the light and direct the light that they filter towards plants.
  • the said frequencies are in the visible region and advantageously said pigments can be also photoluminescent .
  • a plant for purifying air preferably of the type with a liquid, such as water, moving upstream with respect to the air flow to be purified, which is hit by said liquid thus purifying it from impurities.
  • An artificial light for nocturnal use for example a Wood's LED can be also coupled.
  • the WOOD'S LED optimizes the growth of plants and enables a remarkable energy saving.
  • a predetermined cultural soil comprising an organic substrate of biological origin, a fertilizer selected from the commercial ones of certified organic biological origin, one or more natural biological fungi.
  • a method of cultivation which comprises the arrangement of one or more structures which englobe a predetermined amount of photoconverting pigments configured to modify the frequencies of light so as to re-emit frequencies of light between 400 and 700 nanometers, said structures being arranged so as to be intercepted by sunlight and/or artificial light and transmit this light filtered by them towards one or more products of the cultivation.
  • a suitable system for filtering air can be advantageously comprised, preferably of the type with liquid, such as water, upstream and/or a particular cultural soil comprising an organic substrate of biologic origin, a fertilizer selected from the commercial ones of certified organic biological origin, one or more natural biological fungi.
  • Figure 1 schematizes the panel for filtering light according to particular photoreceptors subject of the present invention
  • Figure 2 depicts schematically the presence of a system for purifying air.
  • the present invention is set out in the following three forms, which preferably coexist together in synergic manner to optimize the needed effect.
  • the aim is to obtain mainly a plant cultivating which is structured so as to optimize the growth of plants in general (both fruit and vegetables and/or plants in general), interpreting for optimization of growth a remarkable increase of speed of growth of plants as well as a better quality of the final product.
  • a particular composition of soil of a cultivation is a particular composition of soil of a cultivation.
  • Photoluminescence has long been known per se but it has not been applied to the field of cultivation, except for extremely rare cases and not for cultivations in greenhouses.
  • Photoluminescence is the distinctive physical property, by way of non-limiting example, of rare inorganic aluminates present in nature, capable of "capturing" and retaining sunlight or artificial light and then returning it to darkness for a maximum of eight hours with decreasing intensity; however it is possible to keep always this intensity to the maximum by using additional natural sources or artificial sources that emit fluorescent light, such as a fluorescent lamp.
  • the level of production is increased (for example, due to the reduction in the ripening times of vegetables) with above-average growth in standard conditions.
  • the innovation is based on the following principle: there are in nature some photoluminescent "photoconverters” pigments that are capable of converting some frequencies of sunlight, or of a particular artificial light, into other types of frequencies in the visible spectrum.
  • Chlorophyll A has a fundamental role in photosynthesis, chlorophyll B is associated with A in the mechanism of absorption of light and is an accessory pigment.
  • Chlorophyll A absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light
  • chlorophyll B absorbs mainly blue and orange light
  • photoconverting pigments can be englobed in several types of supports such as, by way of non limiting example, glass, silicone or even less expensive materials such as, for example, nonwoven fabric, widely used in agriculture.
  • structures can be realized, such as glass windows, or in any case surfaces with transparency, in general arranged so as to be hit by solar or artificial beams of light.
  • the above surfaces are surfaces realized in accordance with what was previously introduced, i.e. they contain a predetermined percentage of photoconverters which, as described, "filter” the light they receive by re-emitting it at predetermined frequencies close to the peaks of the photosynthesis of chlorophyll of plants.
  • these photoconverting pigments which are described thereinafter and subject of the invention, filter the solar beams or the white artificial light by re emitting visible light frequencies between 400 and 700 nanometers, thus being close to the peaks of photosynthesis of chlorophyll.
  • Sunlight hits the structure made of glass and the glass filters the light, so that the photoconverters release beam of light at different frequencies from those of the received light.
  • the structure made of glass is only a possible example since other suitable surfaces can be created as indicated above, made of other suitable materials comprising a suitable mixture of suitable photoconverting materials, which are hit by light and which release a light having different frequencies towards the plants.
  • the substance or, preferably, the mixture of photoluminescent substances (the photo-converters) which is used, is suitably selected from the group of photoluminescent powders known in the field and capable of absorbing the incident light and re-emitting it
  • the used photoluminescent pigments available on the market, optionally dosed in a suitable mixture to obtain the result of the invention are, by way of non-limiting example, selected from the group comprising at least the red pigment (Re202S:Eu) and the blue pigment (Sr2MgSi207:Eu,Dy).
  • a suitable mixture of photoluminescent substances is selected from the group of photoluminescent pigments of commercial origin (for example, those supplied by the company Lucedentro S.r.l., Italy) consisting of: red pigment (Re 2 0 2 S:Eu) and blue pigment (Sr2MgSi2C>7:Eu,Dy).
  • the aforementioned mixture has the following composition:
  • the aforementioned mixture has the following composition:
  • the luminosity can be both solar and artificial.
  • the use of artificial luminosity means that the plant can be irradiated 24 hours a day, although it is preferable to leave a rest period of 5-6 hours for the plants .
  • LED WOOD'S lamp which is a commercially known product and widely used in a series of different applications (in the control of forged banknotes; in the detection of organic liquids not visible to the naked eye; in medicine to highlight fungal infections; in microbiology for counting colonies and well; in paleography in the study of parchments and papyrus; in the study of food commodity; in restoration, and so on).
  • This lamp emits the so-called Wood light (also called black light), a substantially ultraviolet radiation ranging from 340 nm (ultraviolet radiation A or UVA1) to 420 nm (visible blue light), and is capable of stimulating photoluminescence to remain at high emissive levels, while the same, in conditions of interruption of the luminous stimulation, decreases very significantly (up to 90% at the end of the first hour, without stimulation).
  • Wood light also called black light
  • UVA1 ultraviolet radiation A
  • UVA1 ultraviolet radiation A
  • a protocol has in fact been tested and defined by the present inventors so that the characteristics of the lamps to be used are preferably the following: UV with emission at 402 nanometers (it is possible to use, with excellent results, UV straddling of the 400 nanometers with maximum tolerance of +/- 5 nanometers with great results).
  • LEDs enable the use of even intermittent stimulation, for example, 2 minutes every 10 minutes, thus maintaining the photoluminescent emission to the maximum using 1/5 of the normally required energy.
  • the process does not imply any variation in DNA of the plant, but it also achieves the typical effects of a GMO, also increasing the flavour and taste of the essences of the obtained products.
  • a covering paneling can be provided, for example (figure 1 depicts for simplicity a single panel 2) which provides a serigraphy containing such substances of red and blue pigments as described above, so that the sunlight intercepts the panel and, through the panel, the frequency of the light is modified as required and hits the underlying plant 1.
  • Figure 1 also schematizes a lamp 50 arranged so as to illuminate the panel in the absence of sunlight so as to have, as mentioned, a processing cycle of even a maximum of 24h, preferably around 18-19h in which, for example, for a certain period of time the sunlight is utilized and for another period of time the emission of the lamp 50 is utilized.
  • the lamp 50 is of the type LED WOOD'S lamp.
  • the light passes through the sheet and changes the frequency in the described ranges, thus optimizing the effect of growth of plants.
  • a usable particular system for purifying air which proved to be particularly functional is the system related to the use of the machinery AMY ACH 53, subject of the Italian patent no. 102015000055238, in the name of A.R.ELLE COMPONENTI OLEODINAMICI S.r.l., Italy, to which reference is made for more details and which is included herein in its entirety as a reference.
  • the innovative system for purifying air through this machine guarantees protection against the most common attacks of pests and diseases; this machine operates following the principle based on the natural phenomenon of air cleaning due to the effect of rain during a storm.
  • Water passing through the air pushes all the airborne particles to the ground, thus creating a process of natural purification without artificial interposition of materials or chemicals (such as filters and/or membranes and/or absorbent/porous products).
  • AMY ACH 53 The operation of the purification system that uses the machine named AMY ACH 53 can be summarized briefly as follows.
  • a closed hydraulic circuit of circulation a controlled drop of water is caused in a flow of air blown by a centrifugal aspirator.
  • the air flow is forced to cross the flow of water that it finds along the path thereof; the water drags with it the particles in suspension in an underlying tank which holds the polluting part clearing the purified air which goes on towards the environment to which it is directed.
  • the AMY ACH 53 machinery has proved to be more suitable as it has a very low consumption comparable to that of a single lamp turned on (equal to about 90W), it does not need filters or their expensive replacement, and has a very low maintenance.
  • AMY is capable of retaining, for example, the pollens contained in the air.
  • AMY ACH 53 has the following operating characteristics :
  • the noise level thereof is of less than 55 dba
  • the pollutant is retained in the water, therefore it will be necessary to change it periodically, reusing the exhausted one, for example, to water bio digestant plants;
  • AMY ACH 53 could retain pollen and particulates contained in the air.
  • AMY ACH 53 has also the effect of an environmental conditioner with the reduction of the room temperature
  • AMY ACH 53 Due to its operating characteristics, AMY ACH 53 is also suitable for being added with drops of essences, thus acting as aromatherapy.
  • the bacterial charge of this water was 10,000 colony forming units (CFU) (as a reference, drinking water has a bacterial load of 1.000 CFU), so it can be discharged into the environment, for example, using it for watering.
  • CFU colony forming units
  • the system has been tested on two sample dimensions, respectively 35 and 900 m 3 of capacity of treatment.
  • a gaseous fluid such as air
  • a different fluid for example a liquid such as water
  • the abatement system through the use of water barriers is well known and has long been used in the industry for the abatement of fumes, dusts or vapors from processing in various sectors such as painting, textile plants, iron and steel mills.
  • figure 2 schematizes a system for cultivating such as the one in figure 1, that is fitted with one or more structures incorporating the photo-converters of the invention described above, and in which a device for purifying air is provided which operates by using water as a filtering fluid. The water intercepts the flow of air and purifies it.
  • the system for cultivating described here has been realized in pot, method through which it is obtained the maximum useful result, since it is controlled better, but the same can also be conveniently applied in soil, both in greenhouse and in field, although in this case a tendency to a decrease of the beneficial effect obtained with the cultivation in pot out of soil occurs; said system is based on the use of natural biological material suitably mixed with one another.
  • the substrates for cultivation in pots have been changed with respect to the operating conditions and have been preferably selected from peat (for example, blonde peat, peat from sphagnum) and/or coconut and/or from a mixture thereof, or, alternatively, rice husk, olive sauce, all of biological origin.
  • peat for example, blonde peat, peat from sphagnum
  • coconut for example, coconut
  • coconut for example, coconut
  • rice husk for cultivation in pots
  • olive sauce all of biological origin.
  • other substrates of biological origin can also be used and the person skilled in the art will have no particular difficulty, on the basis of his own experience, in choosing those preferably suitable for the cultivation he wants to achieve.
  • the used fertilizers were selected from the commercial ones known of certified organic biological origin. They have a different composition (in N/P/K) suitably variable depending on the cultivated species.
  • leaf plants such as basil, rocket, lettuce, chicory, chard
  • N nitrogen
  • MIX A the following composition (MIX A) consisting of:
  • Bio blonde peat from sphagnum, 0-4 cm granulometry (produced by/purchased from AGRARIA CHECCHI SILVANO S.P.A., Italy), mixed with bio fertilizer based on dried bovine manure with a content of nitrogen (N) ranging from 6 to 11 fertilizing units per quintal (produced by/ purchased from ITALPOLLINA S.P.A., Italy).
  • the doses used with the best results are from 0,5 g to 3 g/1 of peat; more preferably, 1 g/1 of peat.
  • the vegetable species such as tomatoes, aubergines, peppers
  • P phosphorus
  • MIX B composition consisting of:
  • the doses used with the best results are comprised from 1 g to 4 g/1 of peat; more preferably, of 2- 2,5 g/1 of peat.
  • MIX C potassium-rich fertilizers
  • the doses used with the best results are comprised from 0,5 g to 4 g/1 of peat; more preferably, of 2 g/1 of peat.
  • suitable amounts of one or more natural biological fungi have been used, such as Trichoderma, and Mycorrhiza, which, living in positive symbiosis with the plant, favour the development of roots and development of the plant itself and, therefore, also the resistance thereof to damaging factors, for example, meteorological and/or pathological ones.
  • Mycorrhiza means a particular type of symbiotic association between a fungus and a superior plant, located within the root system of the vegetable symbiont in the rhizosphere and in the surrounding soil.
  • mycorrhizal symbiosis Some of the best-known examples of mycorrhizal symbiosis are found among truffles and oaks, porcini, chestnut trees and so on.
  • mycorrhizae enable to have in the garden more vigorous plants which are resistant to most of the adverse elements (from drought to cryptogamic diseases), moreover, decreasing the need for fertilizers with a completely natural technique.
  • Trichoderma harzianum The species belonging to the genus Trichoderma harzianum are common saprophytic fungi of rhizosphere ecosystems belonging to the Hypocreaceae family and present in soils at all latitudes.
  • Trichoderma species are opportunistic and avirulent symbionts capable of establishing a mutualistic endophytic relationship with different plants.
  • Trichoderma Some strains of Trichoderma establish strong and lasting colonization of the root surfaces and penetrate even below the epidermis.
  • Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) is a common fungus in the rhizosphere and has long been recognized as a valid biocontrol agent of fungal pathogens of plants (Chet, 1987; Chet et al. 1997; Barman and Lumsden, 1990).
  • Trichoderma in biological control is due to its high reproductive capacity (radial growth in solid soil of cultivation: 15 mm/day) and its high resistance to unfavourable environmental situations.
  • Trichoderma also has poor nutritional requirements: a mineral solution (organic substance present in the growing substrate with non-alkaline PH) containing few carbohydrates is sufficient to achieve a rapid growth.
  • fertilizers used to feed plants are of animal origin (derived from certified farms: guano, manure, fowl droppings, etc.)
  • waste in the processing of foodstuffs, waste is produced which, properly mixed, can in turn be used as growing substrates (sauce, hull, husk, etc .).
  • Test of stability of product comparison between the obtained products and other products obtained through other traditional approaches enabled to highlight greater resistance and duration of preservation.
  • Trichoderma atroviride available on the market from Italpollina S.p.a., Italy, which has proved to be ideal for increasing resistance of plants against pathogenic fungi and for improving development and production of plants.
  • the amount of fungi to be added to the growing substrate is in the order of about 0,2 g - 5 g per plant; preferably, 0,5 g - 2,5 g per plant; more preferably, 0,7 g - 2 g per plant.
  • the amount of fungi is about 1 g ( ⁇ 0,1-0,2 g); more preferably, 1 g per plant (with 14.000 spores each g).
  • a specific example of cultivation of a tomato plant from Salento is also described below, by way of example.
  • Conditions of cultivation: diameter of pot 30 cm.
  • substrate of cultivation 281.
  • Cultivation was carried out in parallel with an equal tomato plant in the same conditions as above, using soil and traditional fertilizers for cultivation of tomato.
  • the plant cultivated with the system of the invention has fructified in a shorter time than the control (about 1/4 - 1/3 less), has borne more fruits (about 20% more), larger and even more tasty fruits.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le domaine technique de la culture et des installations relatives pour la culture de plantes en général, par exemple des légumes, des arbres, des fruits en général et similaires. En particulier, l'invention concerne un procédé innovant de culture et une installation relative qui augmente remarquablement la vitesse de croissance et la qualité de fruits et légumes traités selon cette technologie.
PCT/IT2019/000075 2019-09-24 2019-09-24 Nouveau procédé pour cultiver et faire croître des plantes et installation relative WO2021059307A1 (fr)

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PCT/IT2019/000075 WO2021059307A1 (fr) 2019-09-24 2019-09-24 Nouveau procédé pour cultiver et faire croître des plantes et installation relative

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113875533A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-04 安徽农业大学 一种西红花的种植方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3331380A1 (de) * 1983-08-31 1985-03-07 Karl Kräss KG, 7912 Weißenhorn Gewaechshaussystem
EP2135737A1 (fr) * 2007-04-06 2009-12-23 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Film de conversion de longueur d'onde, film pour usage agricole, structure et composition de formation de film de revêtement
WO2014197393A1 (fr) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-11 Nitto Denko Corporation Composition photostable de conversion de longueur d'onde

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3331380A1 (de) * 1983-08-31 1985-03-07 Karl Kräss KG, 7912 Weißenhorn Gewaechshaussystem
EP2135737A1 (fr) * 2007-04-06 2009-12-23 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Film de conversion de longueur d'onde, film pour usage agricole, structure et composition de formation de film de revêtement
WO2014197393A1 (fr) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-11 Nitto Denko Corporation Composition photostable de conversion de longueur d'onde

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113875533A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-04 安徽农业大学 一种西红花的种植方法

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