WO2021058046A1 - Système et procédé pour déterminer des grandeurs caractéristiques électriques d'un consommateur dans un réseau électrique dérivé - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour déterminer des grandeurs caractéristiques électriques d'un consommateur dans un réseau électrique dérivé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021058046A1
WO2021058046A1 PCT/DE2020/000213 DE2020000213W WO2021058046A1 WO 2021058046 A1 WO2021058046 A1 WO 2021058046A1 DE 2020000213 W DE2020000213 W DE 2020000213W WO 2021058046 A1 WO2021058046 A1 WO 2021058046A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
decentralized
voltage
current
unit
central
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2020/000213
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Schmidt
Fabian Puntigam
Original Assignee
EurA AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EurA AG filed Critical EurA AG
Priority to EP20792519.9A priority Critical patent/EP4034892A1/fr
Publication of WO2021058046A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021058046A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/2513—Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/06—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network.
  • DE 102011 107932 B3 describes a system which calculates electrical parameters such as active power values from decentrally measured instantaneous values of the current and a centrally determined voltage in a central processing unit.
  • the time synchronization of the measurement data takes place on the basis of digital time stamps.
  • the solution provides very precise results and at the same time requires a high data transfer rate.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a system for a simple and precise calculation of electrical parameters of decentralized consumers in a branched power network, which system is not susceptible to interference and can be provided at low cost.
  • the arrangement for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network has a central voltage converter unit and a plurality of decentralized units.
  • the central voltage converter unit is designed to detect a voltage profile at a point in the branched power network. This is understood as central voltage detection in the sense of the present application.
  • the central voltage converter unit is also designed to generate a voltage reference signal from the centrally detected voltage.
  • the voltage reference signal is provided in a safety extra-low voltage of, for example, 5 volts, 12 volts or 24 volts.
  • the voltage reference signal is a voltage profile that is reduced proportionally to the detected voltage profile. There is a conversion factor that defines the size ratio between the recorded voltage profile and the voltage reference signal.
  • the voltage reference signal is available as an analog signal. It represents a reduced image of the recorded voltage curve generated in real time.
  • the voltage converter unit preferably detects the voltage of 230 V applied to a three-phase power network between a phase and the neutral conductor and generates an analog three-phase voltage reference signal, reduced to the value of a safety extra-low voltage. Typically, all three phases are always converted into a then three-phase voltage reference signal. If a consumer is only assigned to one phase, a single-phase voltage reference signal only has to be generated.
  • the voltage reference signal is transmitted via the voltage signal connection, preferably by cable.
  • the voltage reference signal can be amplified for low voltages and long transmission distances.
  • the central voltage converter unit in addition to the central voltage converter unit, there are a plurality of decentralized units.
  • the decentralized units are each assigned to the consumers.
  • Each decentralized unit has a decentralized current measurement arrangement and a decentralized evaluation unit.
  • Such a decentralized unit is typically designed as a device in which a decentralized current measuring unit and the decentralized evaluation unit are integrated.
  • the decentralized units are assigned to the individual consumers or groups of consumers. In the following, individual consumers and groups of consumers are also collectively referred to as consumers.
  • the respective decentralized unit has a current measuring arrangement which, by means of at least one current sensor, detects the currents flowing locally at the relevant consumer.
  • One current sensor is used for each conductor to be measured. Three current sensors are therefore regularly assigned to a three-phase consumer.
  • the current measuring arrangement can optionally also have a larger number of current sensors, for example nine current sensors. In such a variant, a current measuring arrangement can record the currents of several consumers.
  • the current sensors are preferably folding current transformers or Rogowski coils, which measure the current strength without contact and which are placed around the installed conductors without separating these conductors from the installation.
  • the current measuring arrangement is designed to continuously measure instantaneous values of a current and to provide them in a transferable manner.
  • the current measuring arrangement determines the instantaneous values of the current in real time and makes them available in a transferable form for transmission via the current signal connection.
  • the current measuring arrangement can preferably also have at least one current measuring unit to which the current measuring sensors are connected and which converts the measurement signal received from the current sensors into a signal format that can be processed by the decentralized evaluation unit.
  • the specific design of the current measuring unit is determined by the type and number of current sensors.
  • the current sensors and the current measuring unit can be structurally integrated, but also structurally separated. If the decentralized evaluation unit can process the signal emanating from the current sensors without conversion, the current measuring arrangement can also be designed without a current measuring unit. A signal that can be processed by the decentralized evaluation unit is therefore always made available by the current measuring arrangement to the decentralized evaluation unit.
  • the decentralized unit also has a decentralized evaluation unit.
  • the respective decentralized evaluation unit is connected to the central voltage converter unit by means of a voltage signal connection and to the respective decentralized current measuring arrangement by means of a current signal connection.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit of the decentralized unit receives the voltage reference signal with the instantaneous values of the voltage via the voltage signal connection and the instantaneous values of the current via the current signal connection.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit is designed according to the invention to detect the instantaneous values of the voltage from the voltage reference signal and to assign the instantaneous values of the voltage to the instantaneous values of the current.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit detects the instantaneous values of the voltage from the voltage reference signal and then assigns them to the instantaneous values of the current obtained from the decentralized current measuring arrangement.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit is also designed to calculate the active electrical power of the respective consumer as an electrical parameter from the assigned instantaneous values of the voltage and the current and from the conversion factor. From the assigned instantaneous values for voltage and current, further electrical parameters such as apparent power, reactive power and the phase shift Phi can preferably be determined by the decentralized evaluation unit. The other electrical parameters can be used to better characterize the power grid and the consumers.
  • the electrical parameters that have now been determined can be read out directly via the central data connection, preferably via a digital bus.
  • the solution has the following advantages in particular.
  • the modules of the decentralized units can be designed to be smaller, simpler and more cost-effective, since the measurement technology that would otherwise be required for 230 V AC voltage is larger and would therefore take up more installation space.
  • the Connection of the central voltage converter unit, the decentralized units and optionally the central output and service unit is preferably designed physically as CAT 5 LAN signal lines, so that the central data connection and the voltage signal connection are physically integrated in one line.
  • the current sensors are connected without interfering with the power grid.
  • the current-carrying lines only have to be connected once when the central voltage converter unit is connected. This means that there is no need for a licensed electrician for the respective branched power grid, usually for the operational electrical system, in order to connect the sometimes very large number of decentralized units.
  • the decentralized current measuring arrangement is integrated into the decentralized evaluation unit.
  • a structural connection between the decentralized current measuring arrangement and the decentralized evaluation unit results in advantages in production which enable a higher degree of miniaturization and lower production costs. Furthermore, it is possible that only parts of the decentralized current measuring arrangement are integrated into the decentralized evaluation unit.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit is designed to calculate a phase angle f (Phi) as an electrical parameter from the instantaneous values of the voltage and the current.
  • phase angle f (Phi), also referred to as the phase shift angle, is a measure of the phase shift between current and voltage.
  • the active factor cos f can preferably also be calculated.
  • the active factor can also be specified as the quotient of active power P and apparent power S. According to an advantageous development, at least one decentralized unit has a decentralized output and service unit.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit of the at least one decentralized unit has a decentralized data connection to the decentralized output and service unit.
  • the decentralized output and service unit is designed to decentrally output the electrical parameters of the decentralized units obtained via the decentralized data connection.
  • a decentralized output and service unit advantageously allows direct readout and evaluation of the data from the decentralized evaluation unit in spatial proximity to the respective consumer. This can be particularly advantageous if the electrical behavior of specific consumers is of particular interest and is to be observed together with their operating states.
  • the decentralized output and service unit is preferably designed as a computer, a tablet or a smartphone and can output the data optically, preferably through a display.
  • the advantage here is either the possibility of direct monitoring of the parameters or the possibility of transferring the parameters to other devices and optionally evaluating them in another way or of putting the decentralized unit into operation without a central data connection, parameters of the central unit change or assign the conductors to be measured to the consumers.
  • the system for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network has a central output and service unit.
  • the central output and service unit is connected to the decentralized Ausellesseinhei th via a central data connection and is designed to centrally output the electrical parameters of the decentralized units obtained via the central data connection.
  • the central output and service unit is also designed, the electrical see to aggregate parameters, convert them into certain data formats and save them in a database.
  • the central output and service unit is preferably designed as a bus master for the decentralized evaluation units.
  • the central output and service unit can call up and output the electrical parameters of all decentralized units which are connected to a central data connection and, preferably, carry out further calculations on the basis of the electrical parameters.
  • the output can take place optically, for example on a display, or digitally via a data interface such as Ethernet or USB.
  • the data can be output in different data formats.
  • the electrical parameters determined for all consumers are preferably stored, structured and processed in a database. It is possible that the database is arranged in the central output and service unit or in another connected data processing system.
  • the central output and service unit can be designed as a data processing system with a data memory in the cloud.
  • the central data connection can be implemented using standards for remote data transmission known from the prior art, such as WAN, LAN, W-LAN, Ethernet, radio, Internet and so on.
  • the central data connection is preferably a digita len bus.
  • the central output unit can also be provided by an external system in the context of this development.
  • an external system can be, for example, an operational electronic data processing system, that is to say a computer system or an automation system.
  • the central output and service unit can also be arranged remotely, in particular as a cloud system, and enable remote monitoring and remote evaluation.
  • the method for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network is characterized according to the invention in that it by means of a central voltage converter unit and a plurality of decentralized units, which are assigned to the consumers and each have a decentralized current measuring arrangement with at least one current sensor and a decentralized evaluation unit each.
  • the voltage converter unit is connected to the decentralized evaluation unit by means of a voltage signal connection and the decentralized current measuring arrangement is connected to the decentralized evaluation unit by means of a current signal connection.
  • the method is thus carried out by means of an arrangement for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network, as described above, so that the description contents for the arrangement also apply in relation to the method.
  • the method for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network has the following method steps according to the invention. a) Central detection of a voltage by the central voltage converter b) Conversion of the voltage into a voltage reference signal by reducing the voltage curve proportionally by a conversion factor to a safety extra-low voltage c) Transmission of the voltage reference signal via the voltage signal connection to the decentralized evaluation unit d) Decentralized recording of instantaneous values of a current through the decentralized current measuring arrangements e) Transmission of the instantaneous values of the current by means of the current signal connection to the decentralized evaluation unit f) Determination of instantaneous values of the voltage on the basis of the voltage reference signal by the decentralized evaluation unit g) Assignment of the instantaneous values of the voltage and the current h) Calculation of the Active power from the assigned instantaneous values of voltage and current and the conversion factor
  • the voltage converter records the course of the voltage in the power grid at a central point.
  • the central point is arranged as close as possible to the feed point and in front of the branching of the power grid. b) Conversion of the voltage into a voltage reference signal by reducing the voltage curve proportionally by a conversion factor to a safety extra-low voltage.
  • the mains voltage is preferably galvanically and safely separated from the safety extra-low voltage, so that only the rules for safety extra-low voltages have to be observed in all other components, in particular in the decentralized units and in all connections.
  • the recorded voltage profile for example at 230 volts, is converted into a voltage reference signal with a lower voltage, for example 12 volts.
  • the signal forms of the individual voltages and the phase positions of the voltages relative to the current curve are retained and proportionally reduced by a conversion factor to a safety extra-low voltage. In particular, the period lengths of the sinusoidal signal are retained.
  • the measured analog voltage curve is converted into an analog voltage reference signal.
  • the generated voltage reference signal is transmitted to the decentralized evaluation unit via the voltage signal connection.
  • the transmission is analog and preferably wired. This means that the voltage reference signal is available in real time to all decentralized evaluation units. d) decentralized acquisition of instantaneous values of a current by the decentralized current measuring arrangements
  • the instantaneous values of the current at the consumer are determined by the respective decentralized current measuring arrangement assigned to it by means of current sensors, vorzugswei se by means of three current sensors from the current curves of the three current-carrying phases (L1 to L3).
  • the decentralized current measuring arrangement also preferably has a current measuring unit and provides the instantaneous values of the current in a suitable signal type for transmission to the respective decentralized evaluation unit. e) Transmission of the instantaneous values of the current by means of the current signal connection to the decentralized evaluation unit
  • the instantaneous values of the current taken from the current sensors of the current measuring arrangement and preferably processed by the current measuring unit are transmitted to the decentralized evaluation unit via the current signal connection.
  • This current signal connection can be wired or wireless.
  • the current measuring unit can output various signal forms resulting from the prior art.
  • the current measuring arrangement can additionally add metadata such as identification data or location data to the current measuring arrangement during the conversion. f) Determination of instantaneous values of the voltage on the basis of the voltage reference signal by the decentralized evaluation unit
  • the decentralized evaluation unit determines the instantaneous values of the voltage from the voltage reference signal. Due to the retained signal shape, the retained phase shift of the voltage to the current and the assignment of the phase position of the voltages, all relevant electrical parameters can then be calculated. In addition, the characteristic points in the voltage reference signal, such as the zero crossings, can optionally be read out and amplitudes take place in order to obtain, for example, a basis for determining a phase shift. g) Allocation of the instantaneous values of voltage and current in real time
  • the evaluation unit assigns the instantaneous values of the voltage and the instantaneous values of the current to one another.
  • the assignment of the instantaneous values of the voltage and the instantaneous values of the current takes place in real time (time-synchronous).
  • the real-time assignment principle eliminates the need to make the instantaneous voltage and current values identifiable over time, for example by means of time stamps, as a particular advantage.
  • the active power and optionally other electrical parameters are calculated from the instantaneous values of the voltage u (t) and the current i (t), more precisely, from their individual temporal progression and the mutual temporal relationship.
  • the calculation of the parameters takes place in consideration of the conversion factor.
  • simplifications can preferably be made by summarizing the courses of current, voltage and power of a period in a specific parameter, which are then used for calculations comparable to the direct current calculation without special integral calculation can.
  • These parameters are generally known and are used to describe the conditions in the supply network and can be recorded using appropriate measurement technology. The best known of these are the effective quantities, which are the root mean square of the output quantity under consideration.
  • the active power taken from the power grid by the consumer is available for output.
  • the active power can optionally also be temporarily stored.
  • the output takes place by appropriate output units, by display or other issue.
  • the output units can also be integrated into the decentralized evaluation units.
  • FIG. 1 block diagram with a detailed representation of a decentralized unit
  • FIG. 2 block circuit diagram with representation of several consumers explained in more detail. An exemplary embodiment of the method is explained at the same time.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the arrangement for determining electrical parameters of consumers in a branched power network.
  • the branched power network 2 has a main line with three current-carrying conductors (L1-L3) and a neutral conductor (N), which branch off to the loads 1.
  • the central feed point 14 supplies the entire branched power network 2 with electrical energy.
  • the voltage is determined centrally by means of a central voltage converter unit 3 and the current is determined locally in the decentralized units, with a decentralized unit 4 in FIG. 1 is represented in detail.
  • the other decentralized units 4.n are shown only in a simplified manner, with the “n” in the reference symbol standing for any natural number and should thus represent any number of decentralized units.
  • the central voltage converter unit 3 is arranged on a branched power grid 2 separately from the decentralized unit 4.
  • the central voltage converter unit 3 determines the instantaneous values of the voltage in the branched power network 2 at a central point and converts them into a reduced voltage reference signal as an analog signal. In the present exemplary embodiment, this is transmitted by cable via the voltage signal connection 8 to the decentralized evaluation unit 7 of the decentralized unit 4.
  • the decentralized unit 4 has a decentralized current measuring arrangement 5 and a decentralized evaluation unit 7.
  • the decentralized current measuring arrangement 5 for its part has three current sensors 6, which are assigned to the current conductors L 1-3 of the branched power network 2.
  • the current sensors determine the instantaneous values of the current of the three current conductors L 1 to L 3 and transmit them to the current measuring unit 15,.
  • the decentralized current measuring arrangement 5 supplies the instantaneous values of the current to the decentralized evaluation unit 7 of the decentralized unit 4.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit 7 uses the reduced voltage reference signal, which is transmitted via the voltage signal connection 8 from the central voltage converter unit 3, and the instantaneous values of the current to calculate the active power that is consumed by the relevant consumer 1.
  • the reactive power, the active power, the apparent power, the phase shift angle, the voltage and the current are provided as electrical parameters for output.
  • the arrangement also has a central output and service unit 12 and additional decentralized output and service units 10.
  • the values for the extracted active power and the values of the other electrical parameters are determined in the present exemplary embodiment by the The central evaluation unit 7 is transmitted to the central output and service unit 12 via the central data connection 13.
  • a decentralized output unit 10 is connected to the decentralized evaluation unit 7 via the decentralized data connection 11.
  • the decentralized output and service unit 10 is an external device, specifically designed as a PC, which enables the active power and other electrical parameters to be read out decentrally for the individual consumer.
  • the central data connection 13 is formed as a digital bus.
  • the voltage is recorded centrally by means of the central voltage converter unit 3.
  • the central voltage converter unit 3 reduces the voltage of 230 volts applied to the branched power grid 2 by a conversion factor to a safety extra-low voltage with a lower voltage, in this case 12 volts. Only the amount including amplitude is changed proportionally; the shape of the voltage in the alternating current circuit, as well as its period length and phase position, are retained for all three phases. As a result, the voltage shape and the phase position from the 230 V level are obtained as the analog voltage reference signal in safety extra-low voltage.
  • the voltage reference signal produced in this way is transmitted in the next method step c) to the decentralized evaluation unit 7 via the voltage signal connection 8.
  • the three current sensors 6 of the decentralized current measuring arrangement 5 detect the instantaneous values of the electrical currents flowing through the conductors (L 1 to L 3). For this purpose, the recorded by the current sensors 6 menen values are converted into a signal format by the current measuring unit, which can be processed by the decentralized evaluation unit 7.
  • process steps a) and b) and d) take place at the same time.
  • the decentralized evaluation unit 7 determines the instantaneous values of the voltage from the voltage reference signal (method step f)).
  • the instantaneous values of the voltage are then assigned to the instantaneous values of the current in real time by the decentralized evaluation unit 7 (method step g)).
  • the active power and other electrical parameters are calculated from the instantaneous values for current and voltage as well as the conversion factor.
  • the calculated electrical parameters are transmitted via the decentralized data connection 11 to the decentralized output unit 10 and additionally via the central data connection 13 to the central output unit 12.
  • both data connections 11, 13 are each designed as a physical data connection and the two output and service units 10, 12 are each designed as PCs and thus as external devices.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the invention with a representation of several consumers.
  • a decentralized unit 4 is assigned a plurality of consumers 1, 1.n and a further decentralized unit 4.n is also assigned a plurality of consumers nx1, nxl .n.
  • the de- central unit 4 a current measuring arrangement (in Fig. 2 without reference number) with several current sensors 6, each current conductor L1, L2, L3 leading to the consumers 1, 1.n being assigned a current sensor 6 (for the consumer 1.n without reference number) is.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour déterminer des grandeurs caractéristiques électriques de consommateurs (1) dans un réseau électrique (2) dérivé, comprenant une unité transformateur de tension centrale (3) et une pluralité d'unités décentralisées (4), l'unité transformateur de tension centrale (3) étant conçue pour détecter une variation de tension et générer un signal de référence de tension réduit à une très basse tension de sécurité proportionnellement à la variation de tension au moyen d'un facteur de transformation et à le fournir de manière transmissible. Les unités décentralisées (4) sont respectivement associées aux consommateurs (1). Chaque unité décentralisée (4) comprend un dispositif de mesure de courant décentralisé (5) et une unité d'évaluation décentralisée (7). Le dispositif de mesure de courant décentralisé (5) comprend au moins un capteur de courant (6) et est conçu pour mesurer une valeur momentanée d'un courant et à le fournir de manière transmissible. L'unité d'évaluation décentralisée (7) est conçue pour détecter, dans le signal de référence de tension, des valeurs momentanées de tension et à associer ces valeurs momentanées de tension aux valeurs momentanées de courant, et à calculer, à partir de ces valeurs momentanées de tension et de courant associées et à partir du facteur de transformation, la puissance électrique réelle du consommateur (1) respectif en tant que grandeur caractéristique électrique.
PCT/DE2020/000213 2019-09-27 2020-09-17 Système et procédé pour déterminer des grandeurs caractéristiques électriques d'un consommateur dans un réseau électrique dérivé WO2021058046A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20792519.9A EP4034892A1 (fr) 2019-09-27 2020-09-17 Système et procédé pour déterminer des grandeurs caractéristiques électriques d'un consommateur dans un réseau électrique dérivé

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DE102019006785.1A DE102019006785A1 (de) 2019-09-27 2019-09-27 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Ermittlung elektrischer Kenngrößen eines Verbrauchers in einem verzweigten Stromnetz
DE102019006785.1 2019-09-27

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2452989A (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-25 Hughes Energy Systems Ltd Multi-circuit electricity metering
DE102011107932B3 (de) 2011-07-19 2013-01-24 EurA-Consult GmbH System und Verfahren zur Bestimmung elektrischer Kenngrößen
EP2960664A1 (fr) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-30 SYCOMP Electronic GmbH Module, unité de fonctionnement et système d'enregistrement de puissances et de quantités d'énergie dans des conducteurs

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013008812A1 (de) * 2013-05-24 2014-11-27 EurA Consult AG System und Verfahren zur Bestimmung elektrischer Kenngrößen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2452989A (en) * 2007-09-24 2009-03-25 Hughes Energy Systems Ltd Multi-circuit electricity metering
DE102011107932B3 (de) 2011-07-19 2013-01-24 EurA-Consult GmbH System und Verfahren zur Bestimmung elektrischer Kenngrößen
EP2960664A1 (fr) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-30 SYCOMP Electronic GmbH Module, unité de fonctionnement et système d'enregistrement de puissances et de quantités d'énergie dans des conducteurs

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