WO2021057555A1 - 一种人工湿地水环境修复系统和方法 - Google Patents

一种人工湿地水环境修复系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057555A1
WO2021057555A1 PCT/CN2020/115350 CN2020115350W WO2021057555A1 WO 2021057555 A1 WO2021057555 A1 WO 2021057555A1 CN 2020115350 W CN2020115350 W CN 2020115350W WO 2021057555 A1 WO2021057555 A1 WO 2021057555A1
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Prior art keywords
water
constructed wetland
magnetization
distribution pipe
reactor
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PCT/CN2020/115350
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张列宇
车璐璐
李晓光
李国文
李曹乐
黎佳茜
李伟
祝秋恒
赵琛
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中国环境科学研究院
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Priority to US17/280,937 priority Critical patent/US20210347661A1/en
Publication of WO2021057555A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057555A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/481—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using permanent magnets
    • C02F1/482—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using permanent magnets located on the outer wall of the treatment device, i.e. not in contact with the liquid to be treated, e.g. detachable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/484—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using electromagnets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of water environment treatment, in particular to a system and method for water environment restoration of constructed wetlands.
  • constructed wetland As a sewage treatment technology with high efficiency, low investment, low operating cost and low energy consumption, constructed wetland has attracted more and more attention from all over the world. However, the blockage of the constructed wetland system is one of the main factors affecting its application and promotion. When the constructed wetland is blocked, the permeability coefficient of the substrate will drop sharply, and the water passing capacity will also decrease. A large amount of sewage introduced into the wetland system will directly accumulate on the surface of the wetland.
  • the current methods to solve the clogging problem include: improving the porosity of the filler, designing hydraulic adjustment, strengthening pretreatment, replacing the wetland matrix, shutting down the bed and rest, biological restoration, designing the silt guide system , Add inhibitors and stripping agents, backwash and aeration and oxygenation.
  • the preventive effects of these methods on the blockage of constructed wetlands vary greatly, and often treat the symptoms rather than the root cause.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for remediating the water environment of a constructed wetland to solve at least one technical problem existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a constructed wetland water environment restoration system.
  • the constructed wetland water environment restoration system includes: (1) Water distribution pipe: used to input water to be treated into the constructed wetland; 2) Magnetization reactor set around the water distribution pipe: used to apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the water flow to the water flowing through the water distribution pipe, so that the water that enters the constructed wetland through the water distribution pipe is magnetized water after magnetization treatment; (3) Artificial Wetland; (4) Magnetization reactor installed in the vertical direction of the constructed wetland: used to apply a magnetic field to the constructed wetland in the vertical direction; (5) Outlet pipe: used to discharge the water body treated by the constructed wetland.
  • water distribution pipes and the water outlet pipes can be water distribution pipes and water outlet pipes conventionally used in constructed wetlands, for example, pipes with a diameter of 50-500 mm can be selected.
  • the upper and bottom of the constructed wetland are filled with fillers with a diameter of 15-50mm and planted on the upper part, and the middle part is filled with a mixture of fillers and iron filings with a diameter of 5-15mm, and the ratio of iron filings to the filler is 1 :3 ⁇ 1:8, by adding iron filings, on the one hand, the dephosphorization effect of the constructed wetland can be increased, and on the other hand, the magnetization effect of the magnetization reactor on the constructed wetland can be enhanced.
  • the 1/3-1/7 sections at the upper and bottom of the constructed wetland are filled with fillers with a diameter of 15-50mm and planted on the upper part, and the middle part is filled with a mixture of fillers with a diameter of 5-15mm and iron filings.
  • the ratio of iron filings to filler is 1:3 ⁇ 1:8.
  • the filler includes but is not limited to crushed stone, zeolite, gravel, sand, coal cinder, limestone and the like.
  • the plants planted in the upper part of the constructed wetland are emergent plants, which can be selected from the group consisting of water candle (typha angustifolia), lotus, lotus, reed, cattail, wild rice (Zizania sibiricum, Artemisia serrata), and bamboo One or more of, water bamboo, water onion, calamus, pampas grass, black Mitsubishi, etc.
  • the magnetization reactor arranged around the water distribution pipe and the magnetization reactor arranged in the vertical direction of the constructed wetland are electromagnetic magnetization reactors, more preferably electromagnetic magnetization reactors with adjustable magnetic field intensity.
  • the water body to be treated (also referred to as sewage) can be a water body with a water quality of II-V, including but not limited to eutrophic water body, black and smelly water body, landscape water body, and the like.
  • the present invention provides a method for water environment restoration using the aforementioned constructed wetland water environment restoration system, specifically: the water body to be treated is treated by a water distribution pipe and is treated by a magnetized reactor arranged around the water distribution pipe.
  • the artificial wetland is magnetized intermittently by a magnetization reactor set in the vertical direction of the constructed wetland, and the water body is treated through the combined action of magnetized water, constructed wetland matrix, microorganisms, extracellular polymers and plants, thereby promoting water Ecological restoration of the environment.
  • the magnetic field intensity for magnetizing the water in the water distribution pipe is 50mT-1500mT, and the magnetization time is 1min-120min.
  • the magnetic field intensity for magnetizing the water in the water distribution pipe is 100mT-250mT, and the water flow velocity is 0.2m/min-10m/min.
  • the magnetic field intensity for intermittent magnetization of the constructed wetland is 30mT-800mT
  • the single magnetization time is 5min-300min
  • the intermittent time is 3h-240h, that is: every 3h-240h
  • the intensity applied to the constructed wetland is 30mT-800mT
  • the magnetic field is 5min-300min.
  • the magnetic field intensity for intermittent magnetization of the constructed wetland is 50mT-100mT
  • the single magnetization time is 30min-45min
  • the intermittent time is 24h-72h, that is: every 24h-72h
  • the intensity applied to the constructed wetland is 50mT-100mT
  • the magnetic field is 30min-45min.
  • the water body to be treated (or sewage) can be treated and repaired in multiple levels and multiple directions.
  • the sewage Before the sewage enters the constructed wetland, it first passes through the water distribution pipe equipped with an electromagnetic magnetization reactor. Under the action of the magnetization reactor, the water and organic pollutants in the sewage are rapidly magnetized in a short time, and the magnetization destroys the molecules.
  • the electrostatic attraction force causes the original longer associative molecular chains in the water to be truncated into shorter associative molecular chains and charged ions, so that large water molecular clusters become small water molecular clusters or single water molecules , So that the activity of water is improved, the surface tension of water molecules is increased, the penetration of water molecules is enhanced, and the transparency of the water body is increased; on the other hand, magnetization will make organic pollutants mineralized without adding chemical agents, because magnetization produces The magnetization effect will destroy the chemical bonds of the pollutant molecules, break the pollutant molecules from large to small, and convert the carbon in the pollutant molecules into carbon dioxide, and the pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus into inorganic salts.
  • the sewage After the sewage is magnetized, it enters the constructed wetland. Due to the advantages of the above-mentioned sewage magnetization, the sewage purification efficiency of the constructed wetland will be enhanced, the cycle will be shortened, and the blockage of the wetland will be reduced.
  • the constructed wetland After the sewage enters the constructed wetland, with the operation of the constructed wetland, part of the sewage stays between the plant stems and leaves under the interception of the plant stems and leaves, and part of the sewage accumulates in the surface and pores of the substrate.
  • the constructed wetland is intermittently magnetized. Through the combined action of magnetized water-substrate-microbes-extracellular polymers-plants, the wetland can operate continuously for more than one year without clogging, and the purification efficiency is normal.
  • micro-current can be formed on the surface of the substrate of the constructed wetland.
  • the sewage flows continuously between the substrates, it will circulate under the action of the micro-current, and will not accumulate on the surface and pores of the substrate.
  • the oxygen in the substrate will change under the action of magnetization. It is a reactive oxygen species, which enhances the reoxygenation ability of the atmosphere, which increases the oxidation-reduction potential of the matrix. If the oxidation-reduction potential is high, the oxidizing ability of microorganisms is strong.
  • the accumulation of extracellular polymer is relatively slow, and the pores of the matrix will not be affected by the colloidal state. Or the suspended substrates of different particle sizes are blocked by the larger particle size floc-like aggregates formed by the adsorption and aggregation of extracellular polymers.
  • the molecular weight of the functional group of the extracellular polymer is relatively large, and the magnetization effect produced by magnetization will destroy the molecular action of the extracellular polymer, so that the macromolecular extracellular polymer can be converted into small molecular substances, which cannot be ionic bonds with suspended particles.
  • the combination of the hydrogen bonds prevents the formation of a network structure and deposits, and the flocculation ability disappears.
  • it can also promote and enhance the production of extracellular enzymes.
  • extracellular polysaccharides By enhancing the degradation of extracellular polysaccharides, the degradation effect of extracellular enzymes on extracellular polymers can be enhanced, so that the extracellular polymers can be degraded into small molecules and absorbed into the cell. , Can resist the harm of fungicides and toxic substances to cells.
  • the magnetization effect can promote the formation of an oxidized micro-environment around the plant roots in the constructed wetland, and promote the growth of plant roots.
  • the magnetization reaction will continue to be applied to promote the rapid transformation of the pollutants adsorbed by the plant, breaking the maximum
  • the limitation of biomass keeps the removal rate of pollutants at a certain level.
  • the magnetization effect can promote the formation of an aerobic environment suitable for the survival of aerobic microorganisms in the constructed wetland, and it can also form an oxygen-free environment suitable for the survival of anaerobic microorganisms.
  • Different microorganisms can coexist and take their own needs to fully absorb and use water. Nutrients, reduce the nutrient-rich substances in the water, thereby continuously purifying the water quality.
  • the artificial wetland is continuously magnetized, it will increase the probability of plant and animal deformity, and will inhibit the absorption and purification of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Therefore, compared with continuous magnetization, intermittent magnetization can not only save resources and costs, but also The safety performance is higher, and the pollutant removal effect is better.
  • the raw materials involved in the present invention are all common commercially available products, and the operations involved are routine operations in the field unless otherwise specified.
  • the invention provides a system and method that can effectively solve the clogging of the constructed wetland and repair the water environment.
  • By promoting the formation of an oxidized micro-environment around the plant roots in the constructed wetland the growth of the plant roots is promoted.
  • the magnetization reaction is continued to promote the rapid transformation of the pollutants adsorbed by the plants, breaking the limit of maximum biomass, and making The removal rate of pollutants can still be maintained at a certain level.
  • the system is simple in structure, low in cost, easy to build and run, and the repair method has low energy consumption, simple operation, long effective time, and no secondary pollution.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention effectively solves the technical problems of easy clogging and difficulty in rapid repair in the operation of constructed wetlands in the prior art, and provides new ideas and solutions for the construction of constructed wetlands and water environment treatment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the constructed wetland water environment restoration system of the present invention.
  • the artificial wetland is constructed using the method of the patent of the present invention.
  • the artificial wetland model is selected, numbered A, B, C, D, E, F.
  • the area of the artificial wetland is 3200cm 2 , and the reactor is 80cm long and wide. 40cm, height 40cm.
  • the left and right sides of the reactor are respectively provided with a water distribution pipe and a water outlet pipe with a diameter of 100mm, the water flow speed is 0.5m/min, and the time for passing the water distribution pipe is 5min.
  • A, D, and F reactors are respectively equipped with electromagnetic magnetization reactors with a magnetic field strength of 100mT around the water distribution pipes, and electromagnetic magnetization reactors with a magnetic field strength of 50mT are set in the vertical direction of the water flow in the constructed wetland model;
  • B reactor layout An electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 100mT is set around the water pipe;
  • an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 50mT is set in the vertical direction of the water flow in the constructed wetland model for the C reactor;
  • an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 50mT is set around the water distribution pipe for the E reactor;
  • a magnetic field strength of 100mT is set around the water distribution pipe.
  • an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 30mT is set in the vertical direction of the water flow.
  • the upper and bottom 1/3 sections of the constructed wetland reactor are filled with 30mm diameter gravel; the middle part is filled with a 25mm diameter mixture of coarse sand and iron filings, and the ratio of iron filings to coarse sand is 1:5.
  • the intermittent magnetization cycle is 24h, the magnetization time is 30min, and the continuous operation is 6 months; when the B reactor enters the water, the magnetization reactor is turned on until the water inflow is completed.
  • the constructed wetland of the A reactor is in good working condition, no blockage occurs in 6 months, the drainage is smooth, and the removal efficiency is good;
  • the constructed wetland of the B and F reactors has a slight blockage in 4 months, and the blockage is more serious in 6 months, and the removal efficiency Poor;
  • C, D, E reactor constructed wetland operating status is normal, slightly clogged in 6 months, the removal efficiency is better.
  • the experimental constructed wetlands A, B, C, D, E, and F were constructed using the method of the patent of the present invention.
  • the constructed wetland covers an area of 64m 2 , with a length of 8m, a width of 8m, and a height of 3m.
  • Two water distribution pipes and outlet pipes with a diameter of 500mm are set on the left and right sides of the constructed wetland respectively, the water flow speed is 2.5m/min, and the water distribution pipe time is 20min.
  • A, D, and F experimental constructed wetlands are respectively equipped with an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 250mT around the water distribution pipe, and an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 100mT is set in the vertical direction of the water flow in the constructed wetland model;
  • B experiment artificial An electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 250mT is set around the wetland water distribution pipe;
  • an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 100mT is set in the vertical direction of the water flow in the C experiment constructed wetland;
  • the magnetic field strength is 250mT around the water distribution pipe in the E experiment constructed wetland
  • the electromagnetic magnetization reactor is equipped with an electromagnetic magnetization reactor with a magnetic field strength of 50mT in the vertical direction of the water flow.
  • the upper and bottom 1/3 sections of the constructed wetland are respectively filled with gravel with a diameter of 50mm; the middle part is filled with a mixture of zeolite and iron filings with a diameter of 30mm, and the ratio of iron filings to coarse sand is 1:4.
  • Plant Changpuhe reeds in the upper part of the constructed wetland, with a planting ratio of 1:2. Control the COD concentration of the water entering the water distribution pipe to 200 mg/L, the TN concentration to 30 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration to 40 mg/L.
  • the intermittent magnetization period is 72h
  • the magnetization time is 45min, and it runs continuously for 1 year.
  • the reactor B enters the water, turn on the magnetization reactor until the water inflow is completed.
  • Intermittent magnetization continuous operation for 1 year; No magnetization when water is in the reactor C, the period of intermittent magnetization after the water intake is 72h, the magnetization time is 45min, and continuous operation for 1 year; when the water is in the reactor D, the magnetization reactor is turned on until it enters.
  • the intermittent magnetization period is 144h, the magnetization time is 45min, and the continuous operation is 1 year; when the F reactor is filled with water, the magnetization reactor is turned on until the water is filled, and the constructed wetland is magnetized for 1 year.
  • the constructed wetland of reactor A is in good running condition, it has not been clogged in 1 year, drainage is smooth, and the removal efficiency is good; the constructed wetland of reactor B and F has slight clogging in 5 months, and the clogging situation is more serious in 1 year, and the removal efficiency is poor.
  • C, D, E reactor constructed wetland operating status is normal, slightly clogged in one year, the removal efficiency is good.
  • the water to be treated passes through a water distribution pipe and is treated by a magnetization reactor arranged around the water distribution pipe to enter the constructed wetland.
  • the artificial wetland is intermittently magnetized by the magnetization reactor located in the vertical direction of the constructed wetland.

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Abstract

一种人工湿地水环境修复系统和方法。所述人工湿地水环境修复系统包括：将待处理水体输入人工湿地（5）的布水管（3）：设于布水管（3）周围的磁化反应器（1）：对流经布水管（3）的水体施加垂直于水流方向的磁场，使经布水管（3）进入人工湿地（5）的水体为经磁化处理后的磁化水；人工湿地（5）；设于人工湿地（5）垂直方向的磁化反应器（2）：在垂直方向上对人工湿地（5）施加磁场；排出经人工湿地（5）处理后的水体的出水管（4）。将待处理水体经布水管（3）、并被设于布水管（3）周围的磁化反应器（1）处理后进入人工湿地（5），同时利用设于人工湿地（5）垂直方向的磁化反应器（2）对人工湿地（5）进行间歇磁化，能够有效解决人工湿地（5）运行中易堵塞、且难以快速修复的技术问题。

Description

一种人工湿地水环境修复系统和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及水环境治理领域，具体地说，涉及一种人工湿地水环境修复系统和方法。
背景技术
人工湿地作为一种高效率、低投资、低运行费用、低能耗的污水处理技术，越来越受到世界各国的关注。然而，人工湿地系统的堵塞是影响其应用和推广的主要因素之一。人工湿地发生堵塞后，基质的渗透系数会急剧下降，过水能力也随之降低，大量引入湿地系统的污水直接雍积在湿地表面，长期积水引发恶臭、导致蚊蝇滋生，恶化运行环境；雍积的污水还会阻隔氧气向基质层内扩散，进而降低人工湿地对污染物(尤其是有机物和氨氮)的去除效果，导致出水指标达不到原有设计标准，同时还将缩短人工湿地的运行寿命。
引起人工湿地堵塞的因素较多，目前解决其堵塞问题的方法主要有：改善填料空隙率，水力调节设计，强化预处理，更换湿地基质，停床休作与轮休，生物修复，设计导淤系统，添加抑制剂和溶脱剂，反冲洗及曝气充氧。然而利用这些方法对人工湿地堵塞的预防效果相差很大，且往往治标不治本。
不仅如此，目前解决人工湿地系统堵塞的方法还存在以下缺点：(1)需要缩短水力停留时间，进而会影响净化效果；(2)湿地基质更换困难、工程量浩大、更换的时候湿地需要停床休息并且更换耗时较长；(3)休作与轮休这两种措施为了能保证污水处理站的正常处理水平，需要建造多个平行湿地，这样会大幅度增加湿地系统的投资费用，而且容易受天气的影响；(4)生物修复这种措施目前还处于研究阶段，实际的工程应用效果还有待验证；(5)人工湿地去除污水中污染物主 要依靠的是微生物的新陈代谢活动，加抑制剂和溶脱剂这种杀死微生物或抑制其活性的方法来解决堵塞尚需进行更深入的研究；(6)其他方法存在操作复杂并所需时间长、持续时间短、工程量大、时间成本高、经济效益差、易造成二次污染等问题。
故而针对人工湿地堵塞的预防，以及人工湿地堵塞后的修复，目前尚未具有很好的预防或治理/修复对策。因此，亟需开发一种能够减轻或避免人工湿地发生堵塞，且一旦发生堵塞后能够快速进行修复，以确保人工湿地正常运行的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种人工湿地水环境修复系统和方法，以解决现有技术中存在的至少一个技术问题。
为了实现本发明目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种人工湿地水环境修复系统，如图1所示，所述人工湿地水环境修复系统包括：(1)布水管：用于将待处理水体输入人工湿地；(2)设于布水管周围的磁化反应器：用于对流经布水管的水体施加垂直于水流方向的磁场，使经布水管进入人工湿地的水体为经磁化处理后的磁化水；(3)人工湿地；(4)设于人工湿地垂直方向的磁化反应器：用于在垂直方向上对人工湿地施加磁场；(5)出水管：用于排出经人工湿地处理后的水体。
进一步地，所述布水管和所述出水管可采用人工湿地常规使用的布水管与出水管，例如可选为直径50～500mm的管道。
进一步地，所述人工湿地的上部和底部填充直径为15～50mm的填料并在上部进行植物种植，中间部分填充直径为5～15mm的填料与铁屑的混合物，铁屑与填料的比例为1:3～1:8，通过添加铁屑，一方面可以增加人工湿地的除磷效果，另一方面还可以增强磁化反应器对人工湿地的磁化作用。
进一步地，所述人工湿地上部和底部的1/3-1/7段填充直径为 15～50mm的填料并在上部进行植物种植，中间部分填充直径为5～15mm的填料与铁屑的混合物，铁屑与填料的比例为1:3～1:8，通过添加铁屑，一方面可以增加人工湿地的除磷效果，另一方面还可以增强磁化反应器对人工湿地的磁化作用。
其中，所述填料包括但不限于碎石、沸石、砾石、砂、煤渣、石灰石等。
作为优选，在所述人工湿地的上部所种植的植物为挺水植物，可选自水烛(狭叶香蒲)、荷花、碗莲、芦苇、香蒲、菰(茭笋、蒿芭)、芦竹、水竹、水葱、菖蒲、蒲苇、黑三菱等中的一种或者几种。
作为优选，所述设于布水管周围的磁化反应器与所述设于人工湿地垂直方向的磁化反应器为电磁式磁化反应器，更优选为磁场强度可调的电磁式磁化反应器。
所述待处理水体(也可称为污水)可为水质为Ⅱ-Ⅴ类的水体，包括但不限于富营养化水体、黑臭水体、景观水体等。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种利用前述人工湿地水环境修复系统进行水环境修复的方法，具体为：将待处理水体经布水管、并被设于布水管周围的磁化反应器处理后进入人工湿地，同时利用设于人工湿地垂直方向的磁化反应器对人工湿地进行间歇磁化，通过磁化水、人工湿地基质、微生物、胞外聚合物和植物的共同作用对该水体进行处理，从而促进水环境的生态恢复。
进一步地，对布水管中水体进行磁化的磁场强度为50mT-1500mT，磁化时间为1min-120min。
作为优选，对布水管中水体进行磁化的磁场强度为100mT-250mT，水流速度0.2m/min-10m/min。
进一步地，对人工湿地进行间歇磁化的磁场强度为30mT-800mT，单次磁化时间为5min-300min，间歇时间为3h-240h，即：每隔3h-240h，对人工湿地施加强度为30mT-800mT的磁场5min-300min。
作为优选，对人工湿地进行间歇磁化的磁场强度为50mT-100mT， 单次磁化时间为30min-45min，间歇时间为24h-72h，即：每隔24h-72h，对人工湿地施加强度为50mT-100mT的磁场30min-45min。
按照本发明所提供的人工湿地水环境修复方法，可多层级多方位的对待处理水体(或称污水)进行处理与修复。
污水在进入人工湿地前，先经过设有电磁式磁化反应器的布水管，在磁化反应器的作用下，污水中的水以及有机污染物在短时间内迅速磁化，磁化作用破坏了分子之间的静电吸引力，一方面使水中原有的较长缔合分子链被截断为较短的缔合分子链和带电离子，使大的水分子团变成了小的水分子团或单个水分子，使水的活性得到提高，水分子的表面张力增强，水分子渗透力增强，水体透明度增高；另一方面，磁化会使有机污染物在不添加化学剂情况下就能矿化，因为磁化产生的磁化效应会破坏污染物分子的化学键，使污染物分子断裂，由大变小，把污染物分子中的碳转化为二氧化碳，氮、磷等污染物转化为无机盐。污水经过磁化后进入人工湿地，因上述污水磁化后的优点，会使人工湿地净化污水的效率增强，周期缩短，降低湿地堵塞情况。
污水进入人工湿地后，随着人工湿地的运行，污水在植物茎叶及填料的截留作用下，一部分停留在植物茎叶间，一部分在基质表面及孔隙中聚集。在人工湿地运行时对人工湿地进行间歇地磁化，通过磁化水-基质-微生物-胞外聚合物-植物的共同作用，湿地可连续运行一年以上，且不会出现堵塞现象，净化效率正常。
具体来说，对人工湿地进行间歇地磁化的有益效果在于：
第一方面，可使人工湿地的基质表面形成微电流，污水在基质间不断渗流时在微电流作用下进行循环流动，不会在基质表面及孔隙中聚集，基质中的氧在磁化作用下变为活性氧，大气的复氧能力增强，使基质的氧化还原电位升高，氧化还原电位高则微生物的氧化能力强，胞外聚合物的蓄积比较缓慢，基质的孔隙就不会被因胶体状态或不同粒径悬浮态的底物被胞外聚合物吸附和凝聚形成的较大粒径絮团状聚积物而堵塞。
第二方面，胞外聚合物官能团分子量较大，磁化产生的磁化效应会破坏胞外聚合物的分子作用，使大分子的胞外聚合物转化为小分子物质，无法与悬浮颗粒通过离子键、氢键的作用相结合，进而无法形成网状结构而沉积，絮凝能力消失。
第三方面，还可以促进并增强胞外酶的产生，通过增强胞外多糖的降解从而强化胞外酶对胞外聚合物的降解作用，使胞外聚合物降解成小分子后吸收到细胞内，可以抵御杀菌剂和有毒物质对细胞的危害。
第四方面，磁化效应可以促进人工湿地中的植物根部周围形成氧化态的微环境，促进植物根系的生长，根系生长趋于成熟时继续施加磁化反应，促使植物吸附的污染物快速转化，打破最大生物量的限制，使污染物的去除速率仍能维持在一定的水平。
第五方面，磁化效应可以促进人工湿地中形成适宜好氧微生物生存的有氧环境，也可形成适宜厌氧微生物生存的无氧环境，不同微生物可以共存并各取所需，充分吸收、利用水中营养物，减少水中富营养物质，从而不断的净化水质。
若对人工湿地不停歇的持续磁化，会增加植物和动物畸形的概率，并且会抑制植物、动物、微生物的吸收和净化作用，因此进行间歇磁化相对于持续磁化，不仅能够节约资源和成本，其安全性能更高，污染物去除效果更好。
本发明涉及到的原料均为普通市售产品，涉及到的操作如无特殊说明均为本领域常规操作。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可以相互组合，得到具体实施方式。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明提供了一种能够有效解决人工湿地堵塞并进行水环境修复的系统和方法。通过促进人工湿地中的植物根部周围形成氧化态的微环境，促进植物根系的生长，根系生长趋于成熟时继续施加磁化反应，促使植物吸附的污染物快速转化，打破最大生物量的限制，使污染物 的去除速率仍能维持在一定的水平。
促进人工湿地中形成适宜好氧微生物生存的有氧环境，也可形成适宜厌氧微生物生存的无氧环境，不同微生物可以共存并各取所需，充分吸收、利用水中营养物，减少水中富营养物质，从而不断的净化水质。
所述系统结构简单，成本低，便于搭建与运行，所述修复方法耗能少、操作简单、有效时间长、不会造成二次污染。
本发明技术方案有效地解决了现有技术中人工湿地运行中易堵塞、且难以快速修复的技术问题，为人工湿地的构建及水环境处理提供了新的思路与解决方案。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述人工湿地水环境修复系统的结构示意图。
图中：1：磁化反应器(用于磁化布水管中水体)，2：磁化反应器(用于磁化人工湿地)，3：布水管，4：出水管，5：人工湿地。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方式进行详细说明。需要理解的是以下实施例的给出仅是为了起到说明的目的，并不是用于对本发明的范围进行限制。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的宗旨和精神的情况下，可以对本发明进行各种修改和替换。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
在实验室内模拟利用本发明专利的方法构造人工湿地，选用人工湿地模型，编号为A、B、C、D、E、F，人工湿地占地面积均为3200cm 2，反应器长80cm、宽40cm、高40cm。反应器左侧和右侧分别设置直径为 100mm的布水管和出水管，水流速度为0.5m/min，通过布水管时间为5min。A、D、F反应器分别在布水管周围设置磁场强度为100mT的电磁式磁化反应器，并在人工湿地模型中水流的垂直方向设置磁场强度为50mT的电磁式磁化反应器；B反应器布水管周围设置磁场强度为100mT的电磁式磁化反应器；C反应器在人工湿地模型中水流的垂直方向设置磁场强度为50mT的电磁式磁化反应器；E反应器在布水管周围设置磁场强度为100mT的电磁式磁化反应器，并在人工湿地模型中水流的垂直方向设置磁场强度为30mT的电磁式磁化反应器。
在人工湿地反应器上部和底部的1/3段填充直径为30mm的碎石；中间部分填充直径为25mm的粗砂与铁屑混合物，铁屑与粗砂的比例为1:5。在人工湿地反应器上部种植水烛和水葱，种植比例为1：1。控制进入布水管的水体的COD浓度为80mg/L，TN浓度为10mg/L，氨氮浓度为10mg/L。
A和E反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，间歇磁化周期为24h，磁化时间为30min，连续运行6个月；B反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，不进行间歇磁化，连续运行6个月；C反应器进水时不磁化，进水完毕后进行间歇磁化周期为24h，磁化时间为30min，连续运行6个月；D反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，间歇磁化周期为72h，磁化时间为30min，连续运行6个月；F反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，对人工湿地进行磁化6个月。可以看出A反应器人工湿地运行状态良好，6个月未出现堵塞，排水流畅，去除效率好；B、F反应器人工湿地4个月出现轻微堵塞，6个月堵塞情况较为严重，去除效率较差；C、D、E反应器人工湿地运行状态一般，6个月出现轻微堵塞，去除效率较好。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020115350-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020115350-appb-000002
实施例2
在某城市利用本发明专利的方法构造实验人工湿地A、B、C、D、E、F，人工湿地占地面积均为64m 2，长8m、宽8m、高3m。人工湿地左侧和右侧分别设置两个直径为500mm的布水管和出水管，水流速度为2.5m/min，通过布水管时间为20min。A、D、F实验人工湿地分别在布水管周围设置磁场强度为250mT的电磁式磁化反应器，并在人工湿地模型中水流的垂直方向设置磁场强度为100mT的电磁式磁化反应器；B实验人工湿地布水管周围设置磁场强度为250mT的电磁式磁化反应器；C实验人工湿地在水流的垂直方向设置磁场强度为100mT的电磁式磁化反应器；E实验人工湿地在布水管周围设置磁场强度为250mT的电磁式磁化反应器，并在水流的垂直方向设置磁场强度为50mT的电磁式磁化反应器。
在人工湿地上部和底部的1/3段分别填充直径为50mm的砾石；中间部分填充直径为30mm的沸石与铁屑混合物，铁屑与粗砂的比例为1:4。 在人工湿地上部种植菖蒲河芦苇，种植比例为1：2。控制进入布水管的水体的COD浓度为200mg/L，TN浓度为30mg/L，氨氮浓度为40mg/L。
A和E反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，间歇磁化周期为72h，磁化时间为45min，连续运行1年；B反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，不进行间歇磁化，连续运行1年；C反应器进水时不磁化，进水完毕后进行间歇磁化周期为72h，磁化时间为45min，连续运行1年；D反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，间歇磁化周期为144h，磁化时间为45min，连续运行1年；F反应器进水时开启磁化反应器直至进水完毕，对人工湿地进行磁化1年。可以看出A反应器人工湿地运行状态良好，1年未出现堵塞，排水流畅，去除效率好；B、F反应器人工湿地5个月出现轻微堵塞，1年堵塞情况较为严重，去除效率较差；C、D、E反应器人工湿地运行状态一般，1年出现轻微堵塞，去除效率较好。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020115350-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020115350-appb-000004
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
工业实用性
本公开通过将待处理水体经布水管、并被设于布水管周围的磁化反应器处理后进入人工湿地，同时利用设于人工湿地垂直方向的磁化反应器对人工湿地进行间歇磁化，通过磁化水、人工湿地基质、微生物、胞外聚合物和植物的共同作用对该水体进行处理，从而促进水环境的生态恢复，具有很强的工业实用性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种人工湿地水环境修复系统，其特征在于，所述人工湿地水环境修复系统包括：(1)布水管：用于将待处理水体输入人工湿地；(2)设于布水管周围的磁化反应器：用于对流经布水管的水体施加垂直于水流方向的磁场，使经布水管进入人工湿地的水体为经磁化处理后的磁化水；(3)人工湿地；(4)设于人工湿地垂直方向的磁化反应器：用于在垂直方向上对人工湿地施加磁场；(5)出水管：用于排出经人工湿地处理后的水体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的人工湿地水环境修复系统，其特征在于，所述人工湿地的上部和底部填充直径为15～50mm的填料并在上部进行植物种植，中间部分填充直径为5～15mm的填料与铁屑的混合物，铁屑与填料的比例为1:3～1:8。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的人工湿地水环境修复系统，其特征在于，所述人工湿地的上部所种植的植物为挺水植物，可选自水烛、荷花、碗莲、芦苇、香蒲、菰、芦竹、水竹、水葱、菖蒲、蒲苇、黑三菱等中的一种或者几种。
  4. 利用权利要求1-3任一项所述的人工湿地水环境修复系统进行水环境修复的方法，其特征在于，待处理水体经布水管、并被设于布水管周围的磁化反应器处理后进入人工湿地，同时利用设于人工湿地垂直方向的磁化反应器对人工湿地进行间歇磁化。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，对布水管中水体进行磁化的磁场强度为50mT-1500mT，磁化时间为1min-120min。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，对布水管中水体进行磁化的磁场强度为100mT-250mT，水流速度0.2m/min-10m/min。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，对人工湿地进行间歇磁化的磁场强度为30mT-800mT，单次磁化时间为5min-300min，间歇时间为3h-240h。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，对人工湿地进行间歇磁化的磁场强度为50mT-100mT，单次磁化时间为30min-45min，间歇时间为24h-72h。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述待处理水体为水质为Ⅱ-Ⅴ类的水体。
  10. 权利要求1-3任一项所述的人工湿地水环境修复系统在水环境治理方面的应用。
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