WO2021053895A1 - Moisture detection device - Google Patents

Moisture detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021053895A1
WO2021053895A1 PCT/JP2020/022419 JP2020022419W WO2021053895A1 WO 2021053895 A1 WO2021053895 A1 WO 2021053895A1 JP 2020022419 W JP2020022419 W JP 2020022419W WO 2021053895 A1 WO2021053895 A1 WO 2021053895A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
detection
region
detection device
water content
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PCT/JP2020/022419
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
達男 伊藤
古屋　博之
祐二 寺島
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2021053895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021053895A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a moisture detection device that detects moisture in a subject.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a measuring instrument that detects the water content of a sample to be measured by using near-infrared light.
  • an LED that emits near-infrared light in a region that overlaps the wavelength of the moisture absorption band and an LED that emits near-infrared light in a region where the emission wavelength region is outside the moisture absorption band are used.
  • the reference sample and the sample under test are irradiated with each near-infrared light.
  • the water content of the sample to be measured is calculated by the arithmetic circuit based on the difference in the intensity of the transmitted light.
  • the water content of the subject is measured in a state where the subject is housed in a drawer provided in the housing.
  • Patent Document 1 In the configuration of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, in order to accommodate the subject in the drawer at the time of measurement, it is necessary to take a leaf or the like as the subject from a branch and adjust the size to fit in the drawer. In the case of such fracture measurement, for example, it is not possible to measure the time course of the amount of water contained in the leaves while maintaining the state in which the leaves are vegetated on the branches.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a moisture detection device capable of acquiring the amount of moisture contained in a subject without destroying the subject.
  • the moisture detection device is a projection that projects detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto a housing and a lighting region outside the housing.
  • a unit a light receiving portion that is arranged in the housing and receives the detected light that has passed through the subject existing in the illumination region, and a light receiving portion of the subject based on a detection signal based on the detected light from the light receiving portion. It is provided with a water content calculation unit for calculating the water content.
  • the light projecting unit further irradiates a detection area in the illumination area with visible guide light.
  • the moisture content of the subject can be calculated by irradiating the subject with the detected light.
  • the amount of water contained in the subject can be obtained without destroying the subject during measurement.
  • it is not necessary to destroy the subject at the time of measurement for example, it is possible to measure the change over time in the amount of water contained in the subject while the leaves of the subject are vegetated on the branches.
  • the user can grasp the detection area on the subject, that is, the area where the user himself / herself intends to measure the water content by referring to the irradiation position of the guide light. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly detect the amount of water in the subject.
  • the moisture detection device is a projecting light that is arranged in the housing and the housing and projects detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto the illumination region outside the housing.
  • the light receiving unit includes a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix, and the surface sensor receives the detection light transmitted through the subject in a detection region in the illumination region, and the detection region receives the detection light transmitted through the subject. It is a region having a predetermined width corresponding to the light receiving region of the surface sensor.
  • the moisture content of the subject can be calculated by irradiating the subject with the detection light as in the first aspect.
  • the amount of water contained in the subject can be obtained without destroying the subject during measurement.
  • it is not necessary to destroy the subject at the time of measurement for example, it is possible to measure the change over time in the amount of water contained in the subject while the leaves of the subject are vegetated on the branches.
  • the detection region which is a region having a predetermined width (plane shape) corresponding to the light receiving region of the surface sensor, the surface sensor receives the detection light transmitted through the subject.
  • the water content of the subject can be measured at one time in the detection region having a predetermined width, so that the water content can be smoothly measured.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a moisture detection device according to the first embodiment.
  • 2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic views of the leaf in which the water content is measured by the water content detecting device according to the first embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic view of the transmission window of the head portion according to the first embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis.
  • 3A and 3B are schematic views of the configuration for projecting the detection light and the reference light to the illumination region according to the first embodiment, respectively, when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a moisture detection device according to the first embodiment.
  • 2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic views of the leaf in which the water content is measured by the water content detecting device according to the first embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic view of
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic view of the configuration for projecting guide light onto the detection region according to the first embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic view of the configuration for receiving the detected light reflected by the leaves and the reflected light of the reference light in the detection region according to the first embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light absorption coefficient in water according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a moisture detection device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing of the moisture detection device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram schematically showing an actual image generated based on the detection signal of the reference light according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram schematically showing a water content distribution image generated by superimposing a contour image and a shading image according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7C is a diagram schematically showing a screen including a water content distribution image and a temperature displayed on a display unit according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the second embodiment.
  • 9 (a) and 9 (b) are schematic views of the leaf in which the water content is measured by the water content detecting device according to the second embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • FIG. 9C is a schematic view of the second embodiment when the transmission window of the head portion is viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic view of the configuration for projecting guide light onto the detection region according to the second embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the Y-axis.
  • FIG. 10B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the optical element according to the second embodiment.
  • 10 (c) and 10 (d) show the configurations for receiving the detected light reflected by the leaves and the reflected light of the reference light in the detection region according to the second embodiment in the negative Y-axis direction and the negative X-axis direction, respectively. It is a schematic diagram when viewed.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic view of the configuration for projecting guide light onto the detection region according to the second embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the Y-axis.
  • FIG. 10B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the optical element according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 11A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 11B is a schematic view of a plurality of light sources and diffusers arranged in the housing according to the third embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the modified example.
  • FIG. 13B is a schematic view of a configuration for receiving the detected light reflected by the leaves and the reflected light of the reference light in the detection region according to the modified example when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • the subject whose water content is to be measured is a leaf of a plant, but the subject is not limited to this, and may be another part of the plant such as a fruit. Further, the subject may be an animal part, a substance other than a living thing, or the like.
  • the X, Y, and Z axes that are orthogonal to each other are added to each figure.
  • the Z-axis direction is the direction in which the detection light and the reference light emitted from the moisture detection device 1 travel.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the moisture detection device 1 includes a head unit 10, a control device 20, and a cable 1a for communicably connecting the head unit 10 and the control device 20.
  • the head portion 10 includes a housing 11 for holding each portion included in the head portion 10, a grip portion 12 connected to the housing 11, and a button 13 provided on the grip portion 12.
  • the control device 20 includes a display unit 21.
  • the housing 11 can be carried by gripping the grip portion 12 with one hand. Inside the housing 11, the guide light is projected onto the detection area A1 outside the housing 11, and the detection light and the reference light are projected onto the illumination area A2 outside the housing 11 (see FIG. 5). ) Is placed. Further, inside the housing 11, a light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) that receives the detection light reflected by the leaf LF, which is a subject existing in the illumination region A2, is arranged. The light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are integrally arranged with respect to the housing 11. The configurations of the respective parts included in the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 2 (c) to 3 (d).
  • the user holds the grip portion 12 and makes the transparent window 11a located on the positive side of the Z axis of the housing 11 face the leaf LF to be inspected, and presses the button 13.
  • the detection light and the reference light are alternately emitted from the transmission window 11a in the positive direction of the Z axis at predetermined time intervals, and irradiate the surface of the leaf LF.
  • the detection light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 1450 nm
  • the reference light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 900 nm.
  • the luminous flux of the detection light and the reference light has a predetermined width in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
  • the guide light When the button 13 is pressed, the guide light is emitted from the transmission window 11a in the positive direction of the Z axis to irradiate the surface of the leaf LF.
  • the guide light is visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm.
  • the luminous flux of the guide light is substantially circular in the XY plane, and the guide light is convergent light.
  • the detection area A1 is a region of the guide light in the position in the depth direction (Z-axis direction) where the guide light converges most
  • the illumination area A2 is a detection in the position in the depth direction (Z-axis direction) where the guide light converges most.
  • Area of light and reference light The detection area A1 is a point-shaped area
  • the illumination area A2 is a substantially rectangular area whose width in the X-axis direction is longer than the width in the Y-axis direction.
  • the light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the guide light, the detection light, and the reference light is configured so that the point-shaped detection area A1 is included in the illumination area A2.
  • 2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic views when the leaf LF is viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • the user adjusts the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11 in the Z-axis direction (depth direction) so that the guide light converges most on the surface of the leaf LF to form a point shape. ..
  • the user causes the convergence region (detection region A1) of the guide light to move in the XY plane without changing the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11.
  • the housing 11 is moved.
  • the user moves the convergence region (detection region A1) of the guide light so as to cover the entire range of the leaf LF, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (b). ..
  • the detection light and the reference light irradiated to the leaf LF are reflected by the leaf LF in the illumination area A2.
  • the detection light and reference light reflected in the detection area A1 pass through the transmission window 11a and pass through the transmission window 11a, and the light receiving portion 40 in the housing 11 (FIG. 5) to receive light.
  • the light receiving unit 40 outputs a detection signal according to the intensity of the received detection light and the reference light.
  • the detection light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 1450 nm as described above, and the wavelength of the detection light is included in the absorption wavelength band of water as described later with reference to FIG. Therefore, the amount of light of the detection light reflected by the detection area A1 and received by the light receiving unit 40 changes according to the amount of water in the leaf LF in the detection area A1. Therefore, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF of the detection region A1 can be calculated based on the intensity of the detection light received by the light receiving unit 40.
  • the control unit 110 (see FIG. 5) of the control device 20 calculates the water content of the leaf LF of the detection region A1 based on the detection signal of the detection light from the light receiving unit 40.
  • the reference light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 900 nm as described above, and the wavelength of the reference light is a wavelength at which absorption by water is low. Therefore, the amount of light of the detection light reflected by the detection area A1 and received by the light receiving unit 40 changes according to the presence or absence and shape of an object in the detection area A1 regardless of the amount of water in the detection area A1. Therefore, according to the intensity of the reference light received by the light receiving unit 40, the irradiation range of the reference light to the leaf LF, that is, the range in which the leaf LF exists in the illumination region A2 is specified according to the presence or absence and the shape of the leaf LF. it can.
  • the control unit 110 (see FIG. 5) of the control device 20 specifies the irradiation range of the reference light on the leaf LF based on the detection signal of the reference light from the light receiving unit 40.
  • the control unit 110 of the control device 20 generates a water content distribution image by mapping the calculation result of the water content to the irradiation range of the reference light, that is, the region of the leaf LF, and displays the generated water content distribution image and the like. Displayed in unit 21. In this way, the moisture detection for the leaf LF is completed.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic view of the transmission window 11a of the head portion 10 when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis.
  • the transmission window 11a is a plate-shaped member made of resin or glass and transmitting light.
  • a plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, a light source 33, a condensing lens 34, a photodetector 41, a condensing lens 42, and a radiation temperature sensor 61 are located on the negative side of the transmission window 11a on the Z axis. , Is arranged in the housing 11.
  • the light sources 31, 32, 33 and the condenser lens 34 constitute a light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the detection light, the reference light, and the guide light toward the outside.
  • the photodetector 41 and the condenser lens 42 constitute a light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) that receives the detection light and the reference light that have passed through the leaf LF.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged inside the housing 11. It should be noted that not all of the light projecting unit 30 need to be arranged inside the housing 11, and for example, the light projecting unit 30 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 11 so that a part of the light projecting unit 30 is exposed to the outside. May be good.
  • the light source 31 and the light source 32 are arranged alternately side by side in the X-axis direction.
  • the light sources 31 and 32 emit the detection light and the reference light in the positive direction of the Z axis, respectively.
  • the light source 33 emits the guide light in a direction slightly inclined from the positive direction of the Z axis to the negative direction of the Y axis.
  • the condenser lens 34 is arranged on the positive side of the Z axis of the light source 33 in a slightly tilted state.
  • the photodetector 41 is arranged between the light sources 31 and 32 and the light source 33 in the XY plane.
  • the condenser lens 42 is arranged on the positive side of the Z axis of the photodetector 41.
  • 3 (a) and 3 (b) are schematic views of a configuration in which the detection light and the reference light are projected onto the illumination region A2 when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis, respectively.
  • the light sources 31 and 32 are composed of, for example, a semiconductor laser, an LED, or a white light source with a filter that passes through a specific wavelength.
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic view of a configuration in which the guide light is projected onto the detection region A1 when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • the light source 33 is composed of, for example, a semiconductor laser, an LED, or a white light source with a filter that passes through a specific wavelength.
  • the condensing lens 34 converts the guide light emitted from the light source 33 into convergent light, and condenses the light in the detection region A1 separated from the condensing lens 34 in the positive direction of the Z axis by a predetermined distance.
  • the traveling direction of the guide light emitted by the light source 33 is shown as the Z-axis positive direction, but in reality, it is slightly tilted in the Y-axis negative direction with respect to the Z-axis direction. ing.
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic view of a configuration in which the detection light reflected by the leaf LF and the reflected light of the reference light are received in the detection region A1 when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • the photodetector 41 is, for example, a photodiode.
  • the photodetector 41 has detection sensitivity in the infrared wavelength band.
  • the photodetector 41 is an indium gallium arsenide-based photodiode, and has a detection sensitivity of a wavelength of 900 nm to 1700 nm so that the detection light and the reference light can be detected.
  • the photodetector 41 receives the detection light and the reference light reflected in the detection region A1 of the leaf LF in the light receiving region 41a, and outputs an electric signal based on the received light amount.
  • the condensing lens 42 is configured to condense the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 of the leaf LF and form an image on the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41. Therefore, the detection light and the reference light reflected in the illumination area A2 other than the detection area A1 are not focused on the light receiving area 41a, and only the detection light and the reference light reflected in the point-shaped detection area A1 are present. The light is focused on the light receiving region 41a.
  • the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41 is a wavelength of 900 nm to 1700 nm, and the wavelength of the guide light is the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, even if the guide light reflected in the detection region A1 is guided to the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41, the guide light is prevented from affecting the detection signal of the photodetector 41.
  • the guide light is detected so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed can be identified by the condenser lens 42. It is irradiated so as to concentrate on the smallest spot in the region A1.
  • the user can adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF to a distance at which the detected light can be appropriately imaged on the photodetector 41 by referring to the irradiation state of the guide light.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light absorption coefficient in water.
  • the horizontal axis represents the wavelength and the vertical axis represents the absorption coefficient.
  • the absorption coefficient tends to increase as the wavelength increases. Therefore, when the wavelength of the detection light is set to 1450 nm as described above and the detection light is applied to the detection region A1 of the leaf LF, the amount of light of the detection light passing through the leaf LF is the moisture content of the leaf LF in the detection region A1. It changes according to the amount. That is, the amount of light of the detection light passing through the leaf LF decreases as the water content of the leaf LF in the detection region A1 increases, and increases as the water content of the leaf LF in the detection region A1 decreases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3D, when the detection light reflected in the detection area A1 is received by the photodetector 41, the detection signal output by the photodetector 41 is the leaf LF in the detection area A1. It is a value that reflects the amount of water in.
  • the reference light generates a real image 210 reflecting the presence / absence and shape of the leaf LF, and generates a contour image 211 of the leaf LF based on the real image 210, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 7A.
  • the reference light reflected in the detection region A1 needs to be received by the photodetector 41 regardless of the amount of water. Therefore, the wavelength of the reference light is set so that it is absorbed by water low and is included in the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41.
  • the wavelength of the reference light is set to 900 nm, which is near the lower limit of the wavelength band of the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1.
  • the head portion 10 of the moisture detection device 1 includes a plurality of light sources 31, a drive unit 51 connected to the plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, and a drive unit 52 connected to the plurality of light sources 32.
  • the plurality of light sources 31 emit detection light according to the drive signal input from the drive unit 51.
  • the plurality of light sources 32 emit reference light according to the drive signal input from the drive unit 52.
  • the light source 33 emits guide light in response to a drive signal input from the drive unit 53.
  • the photodetector 41 receives the detection light and outputs an electric signal based on the detection light to the signal processing unit 54 as a detection signal, receives the reference light and processes the electric signal based on the reference light as a detection signal. Output to unit 54.
  • the signal processing unit 54 performs processing such as conversion of the detection light output from the photodetector 41 and the detection signal based on the reference light into a digital signal.
  • the radiation temperature sensor 61 is a non-contact type temperature sensor, and measures the temperature in the vicinity of the detection region A1 by measuring the amount of infrared radiation emitted from the leaf LF.
  • the radiation temperature sensor 61 outputs an electric signal based on the measured temperature to the signal processing unit 55 as a detection signal.
  • the signal processing unit 55 performs processing such as conversion of the detection signal output from the radiation temperature sensor 61 into a digital signal.
  • the acceleration sensor 71 detects the acceleration in the orthogonal three-axis directions (the XYZ-axis directions in FIG. 1) and outputs the acceleration in the three-axis directions as a detection signal.
  • the gyro sensor 72 detects the angular velocities around the three orthogonal axes (around the XYZ axes in FIG. 1) and outputs the angular velocities around the three axes as a detection signal.
  • the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 constitute a movement detection unit 70 for detecting the movement of the detection region A1 with respect to the leaf LF.
  • the button 13 is a button whose switch is turned on only while it is pressed.
  • the control device 20 of the moisture detection device 1 includes a control unit 110, a storage unit 120, a display unit 21, and a communication interface 130.
  • the control unit 110 is composed of, for example, a CPU or a microcomputer, and controls each unit in the head unit 10 and each unit in the control device 20 according to a control program stored in the storage unit 120.
  • the storage unit 120 is composed of, for example, a RAM, stores a control program, and is used as a work area during control processing.
  • the display unit 21 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal panel, and displays an image based on a signal output from the control unit 110.
  • the control unit 110 receives a signal relating to the on / off of the button 13, and while the button 13 is in the on state, the detection signal output from the signal processing units 54 and 55 via the communication interfaces 80 and 130 and the acceleration sensor 71. And the detection signal output from the gyro sensor 72 is received, and the received detection signal is stored in the storage unit 120.
  • the control unit 110 is provided with a position calculation unit 111, a water content calculation unit 112, and an image generation unit 113 as functions by a control program.
  • the position calculation unit 111 calculates the moving position of the detection area A1 based on the detection signal of the acceleration sensor 71 and the detection signal of the gyro sensor 72.
  • the water content calculation unit 112 calculates the water content contained in the detection region A1 of the leaf LF based on the detection signal of the detection light.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates a real image 210 of the leaf LF (see FIG. 7A) based on the detection signal of the reference light, and contour image 211 (see FIG. 7A) based on the real image 210. To generate.
  • the image generation unit 113 is based on the moving position of the detection region A1 calculated by the position calculation unit 111, the water content calculated by the water content calculation unit 112, and the contour image 211, and the water content distribution image 230 (FIG. 7 (b)) is generated.
  • the processing of the control unit 110 and each image will be described later with reference to FIGS. 6 to 7 (c).
  • the position calculation unit 111, the water content calculation unit 112, and the image generation unit 113 may be configured as hardware instead of functions by the control program.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing of the moisture detection device 1.
  • the control unit 110 determines whether or not a measurement start instruction has been input by pressing the button 13 based on the signal relating to the on / off of the button 13 (S11).
  • the control unit 110 causes the light source 31 and the light source 32 to emit light, and starts irradiating the illumination region A2 of the detection light and the reference light (S12).
  • the control unit 110 alternately switches the light emission of the light source 31 and the light source 32 at predetermined switching intervals.
  • the switching cycle of the light source 31 and the light source 32 is set to, for example, several ⁇ sec to several tens of ⁇ sec.
  • the control unit 110 causes the light source 33 to emit light and starts irradiating the detection region A1 of the guide light (S13).
  • the control unit 110 continuously emits the guide light while the button 13 is pressed.
  • the control unit 110 starts acquiring the detection signal of the detection light output from the photodetector 41 at the irradiation timing of the detection light (S14). Subsequently, the control unit 110 starts acquiring the detection signal of the reference light output from the photodetector 41 at the irradiation timing of the reference light (S15). Subsequently, the control unit 110 starts acquiring the temperature detection signal output from the radiation temperature sensor 61 (S16). Subsequently, the control unit 110 acquires a moving position detection signal output from the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 (S17).
  • the control unit 110 stores the detection signals acquired in steps S14 to S16 in the storage unit 120 in association with the detection signal of the moving position acquired in the position measurement processing of step S17. .. That is, the control unit 110 stores the detection light of the detection light, the detection signal of the reference light, and the detection signal of the moving position in the storage unit 120 in association with each other for each switching cycle of the detection light and the reference light.
  • the control unit 110 determines whether or not the measurement end instruction has been input because the button 13 is no longer pressed (S18). When the button 13 is still pressed (S18: NO), the control unit 110 continues the process started in steps S12 to S17. When the processing is continued, the control unit 110 keeps storing each detection signal in the storage unit 120 in association with the detection signal of the moving position. On the other hand, when the button 13 is no longer pressed (S18: YES), the control unit 110 ends the process started in steps S12 to S17 (S19).
  • the control unit 110 calculates the moving position of the detection area A1, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF, and the temperature of the leaf LF based on the detection signal stored in the storage unit 120 (S20). Specifically, the position calculation unit 111 of the control unit 110 calculates the movement position of the detection area A1 at each time based on the detection signal of the movement position stored in the storage unit 120 in the switching cycle. The water content calculation unit 112 of the control unit 110 calculates the water content of the leaf LF at each movement position of the detection area A1 based on the detection signal of the detection light stored in the storage unit 120 for each movement position of the detection area A1. To do. The control unit 110 calculates the temperature of the entire leaf LF based on the temperature detection signal stored in the storage unit 120 for each movement position of the detection area A1.
  • the image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 is based on the detection signal of the reference light stored in the storage unit 120 at each time and the moving position at the time calculated by the position calculation unit 111.
  • a real image 210 and a contour image 211 are generated as shown in (a), and further, based on the water content of the leaf LF at each moving position and the contour image 211, the water content as shown in FIG. 7 (b).
  • a distribution image 230 is generated (S21).
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram schematically showing the actual image 210 generated based on the detection signal of the reference light.
  • the image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 generates the actual image 210 based on the detection signal of the reference light stored in the storage unit 120 for each movement position of the detection area A1.
  • the real image 210 is, for example, a monochrome image.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates a contour image 211 (irradiation range of reference light) corresponding to the contour of the real image 210 from the real image 210.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram schematically showing a water content distribution image 230 generated by superimposing the contour image 211 and the shading image 220.
  • the image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 generates a shade image 220 based on the water content of the leaf LF at each movement position of the detection region A1 calculated in step S20 of FIG.
  • the shade image 220 is, for example, a color image according to the amount of water. Then, the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 by superimposing the contour image 211 and the shading image 220.
  • control unit 110 displays the water content distribution image 230 of the leaf LF generated in step S21 and the temperature of the leaf LF calculated in step S20 as shown in FIG. 7 (c). Is displayed in (S22). In this way, the process of the moisture detection device 1 is completed.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged in the housing 11.
  • the light projecting unit 30 projects detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto the illumination region A2 located outside the housing 11, and the light receiving unit 40 receives the detection light reflected by the leaf LF. To do.
  • the water content calculation unit 112 calculates the water content of the leaf LF based on the detection signal based on the detection light from the light receiving unit 40.
  • the light projecting unit 30 further irradiates the detection region A1 with visible guide light.
  • the water content of the leaf LF can be calculated by grasping the housing 11 and irradiating the leaf LF with the detection light.
  • the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be obtained without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement.
  • it is not necessary to destroy the leaf LF at the time of measurement for example, it is possible to measure the change over time in the amount of water contained in the leaf LF while the leaf LF is vegetated on the branch.
  • the user can grasp the detection area A1 on the leaf LF, that is, the area where the user himself / herself intends to measure the water content by referring to the irradiation position of the guide light. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly detect the water content of the leaf LF.
  • the guide light is convergent light, and the detection area A1 is a region of guide light when the guide light is most converged.
  • the user can visually grasp that the target portion of the leaf LF for which the water content is to be measured should be positioned at the convergence position of the guide light in the depth direction (Z-axis direction).
  • the housing 11 is configured to be portable by holding the grip portion 12. As a result, the user can easily measure the water content of the leaf LF by grasping the grip portion 12.
  • the detected light is infrared light having a wavelength of 800 nm or more. As shown in FIG. 4, light having a wavelength of 800 nm or more is easily absorbed by water. Therefore, by setting the wavelength of the detection light to 800 nm or more, the amount of light of the detection light can be changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF, and the amount of water in the leaf LF can be detected.
  • the wavelength of the detected light is set to 950 nm or more. As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption coefficient of water with respect to light becomes high in the wavelength range of 950 nm or more. Therefore, by setting the wavelength of the detection light to 950 nm or more, the amount of light of the detection light can be significantly changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF. Therefore, the water content of the leaf LF can be efficiently detected.
  • the wavelength of the detected light is set in the vicinity of the wavelength of 1450 nm. As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption coefficient of water with respect to light peaks at a wavelength of 1450 nm. Therefore, by setting the wavelength of the detection light to the vicinity of this wavelength, the amount of light of the detection light can be significantly changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF. Therefore, the water content of the leaf LF can be detected more efficiently.
  • the condenser lens 42 forms an image of the detection light generated from the detection region A1 in the illumination region A2 on the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41. As a result, the detection light generated from each detection area A1 is guided to the light receiving area 41a according to the movement of the detection area A1. Therefore, the water content of the leaf LF in each detection region A1 can be measured.
  • the photodetector 41 is a photodiode
  • the detection area A1 is a point-shaped area corresponding to the light receiving area 41a of the photodetector 41 (photodiode).
  • the light projecting unit 30 irradiates the guide light so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed by the condensing lens 42 can be identified.
  • the user can adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF to a distance at which the detected light can be appropriately imaged on the photodetector 41 by referring to the irradiation state of the guide light. Therefore, the user can smoothly proceed with the operation for measuring the water content of the leaf LF.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates a water content distribution image 230 showing the water content distribution in the leaf LF, as shown in FIG. 7B, based on the calculation result by the water content calculation unit 112. As a result, the user can instantly grasp the distribution of the water content on the leaf LF by referring to the water content distribution image 230 generated by the image generation unit 113.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 based on the detection result by the movement detection unit 70 and the calculation result by the water content calculation unit 112.
  • a water content distribution image 230 showing the distribution of the water content of the leaf LF in the scanning range is generated. Therefore, even when the detection region A1 is smaller than the leaf LF region, by scanning the detection region A1 over the entire leaf LF, a water content distribution image 230 showing the water content distribution can be generated for the entire leaf LF. .. Therefore, the user can smoothly grasp the distribution of the water content of the entire leaf LF. Further, the user can grasp the distribution of water in the specific range by scanning the detection region A1 in the desired specific range on the leaf LF. In this way, the user can grasp the water distribution of the leaf LF even in an arbitrary range.
  • the acceleration of the housing 11 can be detected, and according to the gyro sensor 72, the angular velocity of the housing 11 can be detected. Therefore, the movement detection unit 70 including the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 can detect the movement speed and the movement direction of the detection area A1, and thereby can appropriately calculate the movement position of the detection area A1. Therefore, the image generation unit 113 can appropriately associate the moving position of the detection region A1 with the calculation result by the water content calculation unit 112 at the moving position, and can accurately generate the water content distribution image 230.
  • the light projecting unit 30 projects a reference light having a wavelength low absorption by water onto the illumination region A2, and the image generating unit 113 is based on the detection signal of the photodetector 41 based on the reference light reflected by the leaf LF.
  • the range of reference light irradiation on the leaf LF is specified.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates the contour image 211 of the real image 210 as shown in FIG. 7A.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 by mapping the calculation result of the water content by the water content calculation unit 112 to the specified irradiation range.
  • the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 by superimposing the shading image 220 showing the water content distribution on the contour image 211.
  • the inner and outer boundaries of the leaf LF can be defined based on the detection signal of the photodetector 41 based on the reference light. Therefore, by mapping the calculation result of the water content by the water content calculation unit 112 to the inner range of the defined leaf LF, that is, the irradiation range of the reference light on the leaf LF, the distribution of the water content on the leaf LF
  • the water content distribution image 230 reflecting the above can be smoothly generated.
  • the photodetector 41 has a detection sensitivity in the wavelength band of infrared rays, and the reference light can be detected by the photodetector 41 and is set near the lower limit of the wavelength band of the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41. There is. As a result, both the detection light and the reference light can be appropriately detected by the common photodetector 41 without arranging a filter for blocking the visible guide light.
  • the radiation temperature sensor 61 measures the temperature in the vicinity of the detection area A1 and outputs a detection signal based on the measured temperature.
  • the control unit 110 calculates the temperature of the entire leaf LF based on the measurement result of the radiation temperature sensor 61, and displays the calculated temperature on the display unit 21 as shown in FIG. 7 (c).
  • the leaf LF evaporates by photosynthetic activity, and the temperature of the leaf LF decreases due to the transpiration. Therefore, the user can grasp the state of the transpiration action of the leaf LF by referring to the temperature of the leaf LF displayed on the display unit 21.
  • the user can, for example, determine whether or not to give fertilizer to the strain having the leaf LF having a low transpiration effect, and check whether or not the leaf LF is weakened due to the outbreak of pathogens. ..
  • the user can also calculate the energy at which the photosynthetic activity was actually performed by acquiring the temperature of the leaf LF on the time axis.
  • the guide light is convergent light, and the detection light and the reference light reflected by the point-shaped detection region A1 where the guide light converges are received by the light receiving region 41a of the square-shaped photodetector 41. ..
  • the leaf LF is irradiated with the two sheet-shaped guide lights, and the detection light and the reference light reflected in the linear detection region A1 extending in the X-axis direction where the two guide lights intersect are the X-axis.
  • Light is received by the light receiving region 43a (see FIG. 9C) of the photodetector 43 extending in the direction.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the second embodiment.
  • the detection light and the reference light are alternately emitted from the transmission window 11a in the positive direction of the Z axis at predetermined time intervals to irradiate the surface of the leaf LF, as in the first embodiment.
  • the surface of the leaf LF is irradiated with two guide lights from the transmission window 11a.
  • the luminous fluxes of the two guide lights both have a narrow width in the Y-axis direction and have a shape of diffusing in the X-axis direction.
  • the detection region A1 of the second embodiment is set so that the width in the Y-axis direction is narrow and the length in the X-axis direction is longer than the width of a general leaf LF.
  • the illumination area A2 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the guide light, the detection light, and the reference light is configured so that the linear detection area A1 is included in the illumination area A2.
  • 9 (a) and 9 (b) are schematic views of the leaf LF when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • the user adjusts the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11 in the Z-axis direction (depth direction) so that the two guide lights overlap each other on the surface of the leaf LF.
  • the user causes the overlapping region (detection region A1) of the two guide lights to move in the Y-axis direction without changing the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11.
  • the housing 11 is moved.
  • the user covers the entire range of the leaf LF with the overlapping region (detection region A1) of the two guide lights. Move to.
  • the detection light and the reference light reflected by the linear detection region A1 pass through the transmission window 11a and are received by the light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) in the housing 11.
  • the light receiving unit 40 outputs a detection signal according to the intensity of the received detection light and the reference light.
  • the control unit 110 (see FIG. 5) of the control device 20 generates a water content distribution image 230 (see FIG. 7 (b)), and as shown in FIG. 7 (c), the generated water content distribution image. 230 and the like are displayed on the display unit 21.
  • FIG. 9C is a schematic view of the transmission window 11a of the head portion 10 when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis.
  • the lens 44 and the radiation temperature sensor 61 are arranged in the housing 11.
  • the light sources 31, 32, 33, the collimator lens 35, and the optical element 36 constitute a light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the detection light, the reference light, and the guide light toward the outside.
  • the photodetector 43 and the condenser lens 44 constitute a light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) that receives the detection light and the reference light that have passed through the leaf LF.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged inside the housing 11. It should be noted that the light projecting unit 30 does not necessarily have to be all arranged in the housing 11, and for example, the light projecting unit 30 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 11 so that a part of the light projecting unit 30 is exposed to the outside. May be good.
  • the light source 33 on the positive side of the Y-axis emits the guide light in a direction slightly inclined from the positive direction of the Z-axis to the negative direction of the Y-axis, and the light source 33 on the negative side of the Y-axis emits the guide light from the positive direction of the Z-axis to the Y-axis. It emits in a direction slightly tilted in the positive direction.
  • the collimator lens 35 is arranged on the Z-axis positive side of the light source 33, and the optical element 36 is arranged on the Z-axis positive side of the collimator lens 35.
  • the collimator lens 35 and the optical element 36 are arranged in a slightly tilted state like the corresponding light source 33.
  • the photodetector 43 is arranged between the light sources 31 and 32 and the light source 33 on the positive side of the Y axis in the XY plane.
  • the condenser lens 44 is arranged on the positive side of the Z axis of the photodetector 43.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic view of a configuration in which the guide light is projected onto the detection region A1 when viewed in the negative direction of the Y-axis.
  • FIG. 10B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the optical element 36.
  • the collimator lens 35 converts the guide light emitted from the light source 33 into parallel light.
  • the optical element 36 diffuses the guide light converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 35 in the X-axis direction.
  • two incident surfaces 36a and 36b having different inclinations are formed on the negative side of the Z-axis of the optical element 36.
  • the guide light is evenly incident on the two incident surfaces 36a and 36b from the negative side of the Z axis.
  • the guide light incident on the incident surface 36a is bent in the positive direction of the X-axis and is emitted from the exit surface 36c on the positive side of the Z-axis.
  • the guide light incident on the incident surface 36b is bent in the negative direction of the X-axis and is emitted from the exit surface 36c on the positive side of the Z-axis.
  • the guide light emitted from the transmission window 11a becomes a sheet and heads toward the detection area A1.
  • the light source 33, the collimator lens 35, and the optical element 36 are installed in the housing 11 in a slightly tilted state so that the traveling directions of the two guide lights approach each other as shown in FIG. The lens.
  • FIGS. 10 (c) and 10 (d) show a configuration in which the detection light reflected by the leaf LF and the reflected light of the reference light are received in the detection region A1 in the negative Y-axis direction and the negative X-axis direction, respectively. It is a schematic diagram. In FIGS. 10 (c) and 10 (d), how the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 are imaged in the light receiving region 43a of the photodetector 43 is shown by a alternate long and short dash line.
  • the photodetector 43 is a line sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in the X-axis direction.
  • the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 43 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the photodetector 43 receives the detection light and the reference light reflected in the detection region A1 of the leaf LF in the light receiving region 43a, and outputs an electric signal based on the amount of light received at each light receiving position in the X-axis direction.
  • the condenser lens 44 is configured to collect the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 of the leaf LF and form an image on the light receiving region 43a of the photodetector 43.
  • the detection light and the reference light reflected in the illumination area A2 other than the detection area A1 are not focused on the light receiving area 43a, and only the detection light and the reference light reflected in the linear detection area A1 are present.
  • the light is focused on the light receiving region 43a.
  • the two guide lights can be identified so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed by the condenser lens 44 can be identified. Are irradiated so as to overlap in the detection area A1. Thereby, the user can adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF to a distance at which the detected light can be appropriately imaged on the photodetector 43 by referring to the irradiation states of the two guide lights.
  • the control unit 110 transmits a detection signal based on the detection light and a detection signal based on the reference light for each position on the detection region A1 corresponding to each optical sensor of the photodetector 43 which is a line sensor. , Get each at the same time. Further, in steps S14 to S17 of FIG. 6, the control unit 110 outputs the detection signals from the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 and each optical sensor of the photodetector 43 for each switching cycle of the detection light and the reference light. The detected detection light and the detection signal of the reference light are associated with each other and stored in the storage unit 120.
  • the control unit 110 is a photodetector based on the detection signals of the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 stored in the storage unit 120 in step S20 of FIG.
  • the position on the detection area A1 corresponding to each of the 43 optical sensors is detected.
  • the control unit 110 generates the water content distribution image 230 in steps S20 and S21 as in the first embodiment, and displays the generated water content distribution image 230 on the display unit 21 in step S22.
  • the water content of the leaf LF can be calculated by irradiating the leaf LF with the detection light as in the first embodiment. As a result, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be obtained without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement.
  • the photodetector 43 is a line sensor, and the detection area A1 is a linear area corresponding to the light receiving area 43a of the photodetector 43 (line sensor).
  • the detection signals of the detection light and the reference light extending linearly in the X-axis direction from the detection region A1 are acquired at once, and therefore, the first embodiment 1 It is possible to acquire a detection signal equivalent to the detection signal acquired by scanning the point-shaped detection region A1 in the X-axis direction at one time. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the water content can be measured more smoothly.
  • the linear detection area A1 is irradiated with two visible guide lights.
  • the user can grasp the detection area A1 on the leaf LF, that is, the area where the user himself / herself intends to measure the water content by referring to the irradiation position of the guide light. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly detect the water content of the leaf LF.
  • the two guide lights have a sheet shape, and the detection region A1 is a region of the guide light when the two guide lights overlap each other. As a result, the user can visually grasp that the target portion of the leaf LF for which the water content is to be measured should be positioned at a position where the two guide lights overlap in the depth direction (Z-axis direction).
  • the detection light and the reference light reflected by the detection region A1 are received by the photodetectors 41 and 43 arranged in the housing 11, but in the third embodiment, they are transmitted through the detection region A1.
  • the detected light and the reference light are received by the photodetector 45 (see FIG. 12) arranged in the housing 11.
  • the photodetector 45 see FIG. 12
  • FIG. 11A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 11B is a schematic view of a plurality of light sources 31 and 32 arranged in the housing 11 and a diffuser 37 when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • the housing 11 of the head portion 10 is configured to be handleable and portable as in the first embodiment.
  • the housing 11 of the third embodiment is formed with a recess 11b having a predetermined width in the Z-axis direction and extending in an XY plane at an intermediate position in the Z-axis direction.
  • a plurality of light sources 31 and 32 and a diffuser 37 are arranged in the housing 11 on the Z-axis positive side of the recess 11b.
  • the plurality of light sources 31 and 32 are arranged in a matrix in the XY plane.
  • the diffuser 37 is arranged on the negative side of the Z axis of the plurality of light sources 31 and 32, and uniformly irradiates the leaf LF with the detection light emitted from the plurality of light sources 31 and the reference light emitted from the plurality of light sources 32. Let me.
  • the user accommodates the leaf LF as the subject in the recess 11b and presses the button 13.
  • the detection light and the reference light emitted from the plurality of light sources 31 and 32 are emitted in the negative direction of the Z axis from the emission end face 11c located on the positive side of the Z axis of the recess 11b, and the leaf LF housed in the recess 11b.
  • the entire area of is irradiated.
  • the detection light and the reference light irradiated to the leaf LF pass through the leaf LF and are guided into the housing 11 from the incident end surface 11d located on the negative side of the Z axis of the recess 11b.
  • the detection light and the reference light guided from the incident end surface 11d into the housing 11 are received by the photodetector 45 (see FIG. 12) arranged in the housing 11.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the third embodiment.
  • the leaf LF housed in the recess 11b is irradiated with the detection light and the reference light together with each part of the moisture detection device 1, and the irradiated detection light and the reference light pass through the leaf LF and the photodetector 45. It is shown that light is received in the light receiving region 45a of.
  • the head portion 10 of the moisture detection device 1 includes a plurality of light sources 31, a drive unit 51 connected to the plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, and a drive unit 52 connected to the plurality of light sources 32. It includes a diffuser 37, a photodetector 45, a signal processing unit 54 connected to the photodetector 45, a button 13, and a communication interface 80.
  • the light sources 31 and 32 and the diffuser 37 constitute a light projecting unit 30 that projects the detection light and the reference light toward the outside.
  • the photodetector 45 constitutes a light receiving unit 40 that receives the detection light and the reference light that have passed through the leaf LF.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged inside the housing 11. It should be noted that not all of the light projecting unit 30 need to be arranged inside the housing 11, and for example, the light projecting unit 30 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 11 so that a part of the light projecting unit 30 is exposed to the outside. May be good.
  • the plurality of light sources 31 and 32 project the detection light and the reference light to the illumination region A2 in the recess 11b, respectively.
  • the illumination area A2 is an area extended in the XY plane.
  • the detection light and the reference light irradiated to the illumination area A2 pass through the leaf LF arranged in the illumination area A2 and are received by the light receiving area 45a of the photodetector 45.
  • the illumination region A2 to which the detection light and the reference light are irradiated and the detection region A1 to be detected by the photodetector 45 are the same region.
  • the light sources 31, 32 and the diffuser 37 are arranged and configured so that when the general leaf LF is arranged in the recess 11b, the detection region A1 is wider than the entire range of the leaf LF. According to the configuration of FIG. 11B, the detection area A1 has a rectangular shape.
  • the photodetector 45 is a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix in an XY plane.
  • the photodetector 45 is, for example, a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor.
  • the size of the light receiving region 45a of the photodetector 45 is about the same as the detection region A1 in the XY plane.
  • the photodetector 45 has detection sensitivity only in the infrared wavelength band. When the photodetector 45 has detection sensitivity not only in the infrared wavelength band but also in the visible light wavelength band, a filter that transmits only light in the infrared wavelength band to the front side (Z-axis positive side) of the photodetector 45. Should be placed.
  • the movement detection unit 70 (accelerometer 71 and gyro sensor 72) may be omitted.
  • the position of each optical sensor (pixel) on the photodetector 45 corresponds to each position on the detection area A1.
  • the control unit 110 transmits one or more detection signals (detection signals based on the detection light and the reference light) from each optical sensor (pixel) on the photodetector 45. It is stored in the storage unit 120 times.
  • the detection signal is stored only once
  • the water content calculation unit 112 of the control unit 110 calculates the water content from the detection signal based on the detection light for each pixel position.
  • the water content calculation unit 112 of the control unit 110 calculates the water content from the average value of the detection signals based on the detection light for each pixel position.
  • the image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 generates the contour image 211 of the leaf LF from the detection signal based on the reference light at each pixel position, and maps the water content of each pixel position to the generated contour image 211.
  • Moisture distribution image 230 is generated.
  • the control unit 110 causes the display unit 21 to display the generated water content distribution image 230.
  • the water content of the leaf LF can be calculated by irradiating the leaf LF with the detection light as in the first embodiment. As a result, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be obtained without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement.
  • the photodetector 45 is a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix, and the detection area A1 is an area having a predetermined width (plane) corresponding to the light receiving area 45a of the photodetector 45 (surface sensor). ..
  • the water content of the leaf LF can be measured at one time in the detection region A1 having a predetermined width.
  • the detection signals of the detection light and the reference light from the detection region A1 covering the entire range of the general leaf LF are acquired at once, one of the leaf LFs as in the first and second embodiments. It is possible to acquire a detection signal equivalent to the detection signal acquired by scanning the detection area A1 corresponding to the unit at a time. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the water content can be measured more smoothly.
  • the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 can be changed in various ways in addition to the configurations shown in the first to third embodiments.
  • the wavelength of the detected light is set near the wavelength of 1450 nm, but it may be set near the wavelength of 980 nm or 1940 nm.
  • the absorption coefficient of water with respect to light increases in a peak shape even at wavelengths of 980 nm and 1940 nm. Therefore, even when the wavelength of the detection light is set in the vicinity of these wavelengths, the amount of light of the detection light can be remarkably changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF.
  • the wavelength of the detection light When the wavelength of the detection light is set small in the wavelength band of the near infrared light (for example, when the wavelength is set to 980 nm), the difference in wavelength from the reference light becomes small, so that the photodetectors 41 and 43 , 45 can be set to a relatively narrow detection sensitivity.
  • the wavelength of the detected light when the wavelength of the detected light is set large in the wavelength band of the near infrared light (for example, when the wavelength is set to 1940 nm), the water absorption coefficient becomes large, so that it depends on the amount of water contained in the leaf LF. Therefore, the amount of detected light can be significantly changed.
  • the wavelength of the reference light is set to around 900 nm, but other wavelengths with low absorption by water may be used.
  • the reference light is not limited to near-infrared light, but may be visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm, or ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less.
  • the light detectors 41, 43, and 45 that receive the reference light are configured to have detection sensitivity also in the wavelength band of the reference light that is visible light or ultraviolet light. To.
  • the wavelength band of the reference light when the reference light is visible light, the wavelength band of the reference light is set so as not to overlap with the wavelength band of the guide light. Then, a filter for blocking light in the wavelength band of the guide light and transmitting the detection light and the reference light is arranged in front of the photodetectors 41 and 43. As a result, it is possible to prevent the guide light, which is unnecessary for calculating the water content, from becoming stray light and entering the photodetectors 41 and 43.
  • the detection light and the reference light are received by one photodetector, but may be received by different photodetectors.
  • the detection light and the reference light captured in the housing 11 are guided to separate photodetectors by separating the optical paths by, for example, a dichroic mirror.
  • the guide light is converged on the point-shaped detection region A1, and in the second embodiment, the two sheet-shaped guide lights are overlapped with each other in the detection region A1 on the line.
  • the guide light may be applied to the leaf LF as parallel light, and in the second embodiment, the guide light may be irradiated to the leaf LF.
  • the leaf LF may be irradiated with one sheet-shaped guide light. In this case as well, the user can visually confirm which position on the leaf LF is the target for measuring the water content.
  • the detection region A1 is set to be longer than the width of the general leaf LF in the X-axis direction, but the width is not limited to this, and the width of the general leaf LF in the X-axis direction is not limited to this. May be set to be shorter than. In this case as well, the user can measure the water content of the entire leaf LF by moving the housing 11 so that the detection region A1 moves not only in the Y-axis direction but also in the X-axis direction. Further, in the third embodiment, the detection region A1 is set to be wider than the entire range of the general leaf LF in the XY plane, but is not limited to this, and is generally in the XY plane.
  • the user can measure the water content of the entire leaf LF by moving the housing 11 so that the detection region A1 moves in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
  • a plurality of light sources 31 and 32 and a diffuser 37 are used in order to irradiate the illumination region A2 having a spread in the XY plane with the detection light and the reference light.
  • the detection light emitted from one light source 31 may be diffused and irradiated to the illumination region A2, and the reference light emitted from one light source 32 may be diffused and irradiated to the illumination region A2.
  • the light source 31 that emits the detection light and the light source 32 that emits the reference light are used in order to irradiate the illumination region A2 with the detection light and the reference light, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, a light source that alternately emits the detection light and the reference light at predetermined time intervals may be used.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 may include a mirror that reflects light, a filter that blocks predetermined light, a diffraction grating that separates light, another lens, and the like.
  • a condenser lens may be arranged in front of the photodetector 45.
  • the collimator lens 35 and the optical element 36 are used in order to convert the shape of the guide light emitted from the light source 33 into a sheet shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the collimator lens 35 is parallel.
  • the guide light converted into light may be incident on the side surface of the cylindrical lens and converted into a sheet shape.
  • the guide light converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 35 may be incident on a diffuser plate provided with a diffraction grating and diffused in a line shape.
  • the detection light and the reference light reflected by the leaf LF in the detection region A1 are received by the photodetectors 41 and 43, but the detection light transmitted through the leaf LF in the detection region A1 and the detection light
  • the reference light may be received by the photodetectors 41 and 43.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged so as to face each other.
  • the contour image 211 showing the irradiation range of the leaf LF and the shade image 220 showing the distribution of the water content are superimposed to show the water content.
  • the distribution image 230 is generated, the water content distribution image 230 may be generated only by the shade image 220 showing the distribution of the water content.
  • the water content distribution may be expressed by a bar graph having different heights. Good.
  • the condenser lens 42 formed an image of the detection light and the reference light generated from the point-shaped detection region A1 in the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41. As shown in (b), the detection light and the reference light generated from the planar detection region A1 may be imaged in the planar light receiving region 46a.
  • FIG. 13A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 according to this modified example. Similar to the first embodiment, the guide light converges in the point-shaped irradiation region P in the illumination region A2. On the other hand, the detection region A1 is set as a planar region including the irradiation region P.
  • FIG. 13B is a schematic view of a configuration in which the detection light reflected by the leaf LF and the reflected light of the reference light are received in the detection region A1 according to this modified example when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • FIG. 13B shows how the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 are imaged in the light receiving region 46a of the photodetector 46 by a chain double-dashed line.
  • the photodetector 46 is a surface sensor in which the photosensors are arranged in a matrix in the XY plane, like the photodetector 45 of the third embodiment.
  • the photodetector 46 is, for example, a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor.
  • the guide light is applied to the irradiation region P so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed by the condenser lens 47 can be identified. It is being irradiated toward.
  • the detection signals of the detection light and the reference light from the planar detection region A1 are acquired at once, so that the detection signals of the planar detection region A1 are acquired at once.
  • the water content of leaf LF can be measured.
  • the water content distribution image 230 and the temperature are displayed on the display unit 21 as shown in FIG. 7 (c), but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the water content distribution image 230 and the temperature may be displayed at a timing desired by the user.
  • the moisture detection device 1 is composed of the head unit 10 and the control device 20 connected by the cable 1a, but the head unit 10 and the control device 20 are integrally combined.
  • Moisture detection device 1 may be configured.
  • the configuration of the control device 20 may be arranged in the housing 11 of the head unit 10, and the display unit 21 may be provided on the outer surface of the housing 11.
  • the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged in the housing 11 that can be handled and carried, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be measured without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement. ..
  • the water content is calculated based on the detection signal based on the detection light, but when the surface shape and surface roughness of the detection region A1 fluctuate greatly, another water content As the calculation means, the water content may be calculated based on the ratio of the detection signal based on the detection light and the reference signal based on the reference light.
  • the absorption coefficient at the wavelength of the detected light is larger than the absorption coefficient at the wavelength of the reference light. Therefore, when the reference light emitted from the light source 32 is applied to the detection region A1, the light of the reference wavelength (reference light) is reflected by the shape of the detection region A1 regardless of the presence or absence of water in the detection region A1. It is reflected under the influence of scattering on the surface. On the other hand, when the detection light emitted from the light source 31 irradiates the detection region A1, if there is no moisture in the detection region A1, the light of the absorption wavelength (detection light) is the light of the detection wavelength A1 like the light of the reference wavelength.
  • the detection region A1 When there is moisture in the detection region A1, the light of the absorption wavelength (detection light) is absorbed by the moisture. Therefore, the absorption of the moisture is integrated with the reflection due to the shape of the detection region A1 and the scattering on the surface, and the photodetector 41 The amount of light received by is reduced. Therefore, by taking the ratio of the detection signal based on the detection light and the reference signal based on the reference light, it is possible to eliminate the influence of reflection and scattering on the surface due to the shape of the detection region A1.
  • the fact that the light of the reference wavelength and the light of the absorption wavelength are absorbed by water at different degrees is utilized to make noise due to reflection due to the surface shape, scattering generated on the surface of the substance, and the like.
  • the water content of the detection region A1 may be calculated in a state where the components are suppressed.
  • Moisture detection device 11 Housing 30 Floodlights 31, 32, 33 Light source (floodlight) 34 Condensing lens (light projector) 35 Collimator lens (light projector) 36 Optical element (light projecting unit) 37 Diffuser (light projector) 40 Light receiving part 41 Photodetector (light receiving part, photodiode) 41a Light receiving area 42 Condensing lens (light receiving part) 43 Photodetector (light receiving part, line sensor) 43a Light receiving area 44 Condensing lens (light receiving part) 45 Photodetector (light receiving part, surface sensor) 45a Light receiving area 46 Photodetector (light receiving part, surface sensor) 46a Light receiving area 47 Condensing lens (light receiving part) 70 Movement detection unit 71 Accelerometer (movement detection unit) 72 Gyro sensor (movement detector) 112 Moisture content calculation unit 113 Image generation unit 211 Contour image (reference range) 230 Moisture distribution image A1 Detection area A2 Illumination area

Abstract

A moisture detection device (1) comprises: a case (11); a light projection unit that is disposed in the case (11) and that projects, to an illumination region (A2) outside the case (11), detection light at a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water; a light reception unit that is disposed in the case (11) and that receives the detection light that has passed through a leaf (LF) present in the illumination region (A2); and a moisture quantity calculation unit that calculates the amount of moisture in the leaf (LF) on the basis of a detection signal based on the detection light from the light reception unit. The light projection unit additionally emits visible guide light to a detection region (A1) within the illumination region (A2).

Description

水分検知装置Moisture detector
　本発明は、被検体の水分を検知する水分検知装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a moisture detection device that detects moisture in a subject.
　近年、植物工場などで、農作物の高品質化や高収率化を目指して、農作物の水分を精密に制御する精密農業が進んでいる。水分を精密に制御するために、農作物自身が吸収している水分を計測することが求められている。以下の特許文献１には、近赤外光を用いて被測定試料の水分を検知する計量器が記載されている。この計量器では、水分の吸収帯の波長に重なった領域で近赤外発光するＬＥＤと、発光波長の領域が水分の吸収帯から外れた領域で近赤外発光するＬＥＤとを使用して、交互に、参照試料と被測定試料に各近赤外光が照射される。そして、それぞれの透過光の強度差に基づいて、被測定試料の水分量が演算回路により算出される。この計量器では、筐体に設けられた引き出し内に被検体を収容させた状態で、被検体の水分量の計測が行われる。 In recent years, precision agriculture that precisely controls the water content of agricultural products has been progressing in plant factories, etc., with the aim of improving the quality and yield of agricultural products. In order to precisely control the water content, it is required to measure the water content absorbed by the crop itself. The following Patent Document 1 describes a measuring instrument that detects the water content of a sample to be measured by using near-infrared light. In this measuring instrument, an LED that emits near-infrared light in a region that overlaps the wavelength of the moisture absorption band and an LED that emits near-infrared light in a region where the emission wavelength region is outside the moisture absorption band are used. Alternately, the reference sample and the sample under test are irradiated with each near-infrared light. Then, the water content of the sample to be measured is calculated by the arithmetic circuit based on the difference in the intensity of the transmitted light. In this measuring instrument, the water content of the subject is measured in a state where the subject is housed in a drawer provided in the housing.
特開２００９－１２２０８３号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-122083
　上記特許文献１の構成では、計測時に被検体を引き出し内に収容させるために、被検体である葉などを枝から採取し、引き出しに入るサイズに調整するといった破壊が必要となる。このような破壊計測の場合、たとえば、葉を枝に植生させた状態を維持したままで、葉に含まれる水分量の経時変化を計測することができない。 In the configuration of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, in order to accommodate the subject in the drawer at the time of measurement, it is necessary to take a leaf or the like as the subject from a branch and adjust the size to fit in the drawer. In the case of such fracture measurement, for example, it is not possible to measure the time course of the amount of water contained in the leaves while maintaining the state in which the leaves are vegetated on the branches.
　かかる課題に鑑み、本発明は、被検体を破壊することなく被検体に含まれる水分量を取得することが可能な水分検知装置を提供することを目的とする。 In view of such a problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a moisture detection device capable of acquiring the amount of moisture contained in a subject without destroying the subject.
　本発明の第１の態様に係る水分検知装置は、筐体と、前記筐体に配置され、前記筐体外部の照明領域に水の吸収波長帯に含まれる波長の検出光を投射する投光部と、前記筐体に配置され、前記照明領域に存在する被検体を経由した前記検出光を受光する受光部と、前記受光部からの前記検出光に基づく検出信号に基づいて前記被検体の水分量を算出する水分量算出部と、を備える。前記投光部は、さらに、前記照明領域内の検知領域に可視のガイド光を照射する。 The moisture detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention is a projection that projects detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto a housing and a lighting region outside the housing. A unit, a light receiving portion that is arranged in the housing and receives the detected light that has passed through the subject existing in the illumination region, and a light receiving portion of the subject based on a detection signal based on the detected light from the light receiving portion. It is provided with a water content calculation unit for calculating the water content. The light projecting unit further irradiates a detection area in the illumination area with visible guide light.
　本態様に係る水分検知装置によれば、検出光を被検体に照射することにより、被検体の水分量を算出できる。これにより、計測時に被検体を破壊することなく、被検体に含まれる水分量を取得することができる。また、計測時に被検体を破壊する必要がないため、たとえば、被検体である葉を枝に植生させたまま、被検体に含まれる水分量の経時変化を計測することができる。また、ユーザは、ガイド光の照射位置を参照することにより、被検体上の検知領域、すなわち、ユーザ自身が水分量を計測しようとする領域を把握できる。よって、被検体に対する水分量の検出を円滑に進めることができる。 According to the moisture detection device according to this aspect, the moisture content of the subject can be calculated by irradiating the subject with the detected light. As a result, the amount of water contained in the subject can be obtained without destroying the subject during measurement. Further, since it is not necessary to destroy the subject at the time of measurement, for example, it is possible to measure the change over time in the amount of water contained in the subject while the leaves of the subject are vegetated on the branches. Further, the user can grasp the detection area on the subject, that is, the area where the user himself / herself intends to measure the water content by referring to the irradiation position of the guide light. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly detect the amount of water in the subject.
　本発明の第２の態様に係る水分検知装置は、筐体と、前記筐体に配置され、前記筐体外部の照明領域に水の吸収波長帯に含まれる波長の検出光を投射する投光部と、前記筐体に配置され、前記照明領域に存在する被検体を経由した前記検出光を受光する受光部と、前記受光部からの前記検出光に基づく検出信号に基づいて前記被検体の水分量を算出する水分量算出部と、を備える。前記受光部は、光センサがマトリクス状に配置された面センサを備え、前記面センサは、前記照明領域内の検知領域において前記被検体を透過した前記検出光を受光し、前記検知領域は、前記面センサの受光領域に対応する所定幅の領域である。 The moisture detection device according to the second aspect of the present invention is a projecting light that is arranged in the housing and the housing and projects detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto the illumination region outside the housing. A unit, a light receiving portion that is arranged in the housing and receives the detected light that has passed through the subject existing in the illumination region, and a light receiving portion of the subject based on a detection signal based on the detected light from the light receiving portion. It is provided with a water content calculation unit for calculating the water content. The light receiving unit includes a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix, and the surface sensor receives the detection light transmitted through the subject in a detection region in the illumination region, and the detection region receives the detection light transmitted through the subject. It is a region having a predetermined width corresponding to the light receiving region of the surface sensor.
　本態様に係る水分検知装置によれば、第１の態様と同様、検出光を被検体に照射することにより、被検体の水分量を算出できる。これにより、計測時に被検体を破壊することなく、被検体に含まれる水分量を取得することができる。また、計測時に被検体を破壊する必要がないため、たとえば、被検体である葉を枝に植生させたまま、被検体に含まれる水分量の経時変化を計測することができる。さらに、面センサの受光領域に対応する所定幅（面状）の領域である検知領域において、面センサは、被検体を透過した検出光を受光する。これにより、所定幅の検知領域において一度に被検体の水分量を計測できるため、円滑に水分量の計測を行うことができる。 According to the moisture detection device according to this aspect, the moisture content of the subject can be calculated by irradiating the subject with the detection light as in the first aspect. As a result, the amount of water contained in the subject can be obtained without destroying the subject during measurement. Further, since it is not necessary to destroy the subject at the time of measurement, for example, it is possible to measure the change over time in the amount of water contained in the subject while the leaves of the subject are vegetated on the branches. Further, in the detection region which is a region having a predetermined width (plane shape) corresponding to the light receiving region of the surface sensor, the surface sensor receives the detection light transmitted through the subject. As a result, the water content of the subject can be measured at one time in the detection region having a predetermined width, so that the water content can be smoothly measured.
　以上のとおり、本発明によれば、被検体を破壊することなく被検体に含まれる水分量を取得することが可能な水分検知装置を提供できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a moisture detection device capable of acquiring the amount of moisture contained in a subject without destroying the subject.
　本発明の効果ないし意義は、以下に示す実施形態の説明により更に明らかとなろう。ただし、以下に示す実施形態は、あくまでも、本発明を実施化する際の一つの例示であって、本発明は、以下の実施形態に記載されたものに何ら制限されるものではない。 The effect or significance of the present invention will be further clarified by the description of the embodiments shown below. However, the embodiments shown below are merely examples when the present invention is put into practice, and the present invention is not limited to those described in the following embodiments.
図１は、実施形態１に係る、水分検知装置の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a moisture detection device according to the first embodiment. 図２（ａ）、（ｂ）は、実施形態１に係る、水分検知装置により水分量の計測が行われる葉をＺ軸正方向に見た場合の模式図である。図２（ｃ）は、実施形態１に係る、ヘッド部の透過窓をＺ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic views of the leaf in which the water content is measured by the water content detecting device according to the first embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis. FIG. 2C is a schematic view of the transmission window of the head portion according to the first embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis. 図３（ａ）、（ｂ）は、それぞれ、実施形態１に係る、照明領域に対して検出光および参照光を投射する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。図３（ｃ）は、実施形態１に係る、検知領域に対してガイド光を投射する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。図３（ｄ）は、実施形態１に係る、検知領域において葉で反射された検出光および参照光の反射光を受光する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。3A and 3B are schematic views of the configuration for projecting the detection light and the reference light to the illumination region according to the first embodiment, respectively, when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis. FIG. 3C is a schematic view of the configuration for projecting guide light onto the detection region according to the first embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis. FIG. 3D is a schematic view of the configuration for receiving the detected light reflected by the leaves and the reflected light of the reference light in the detection region according to the first embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis. 図４は、実施形態１に係る、水における光の吸収係数を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light absorption coefficient in water according to the first embodiment. 図５は、実施形態１に係る、水分検知装置の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a moisture detection device according to the first embodiment. 図６は、実施形態１に係る、水分検知装置の処理を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing of the moisture detection device according to the first embodiment. 図７（ａ）は、実施形態１に係る、参照光の検出信号に基づいて生成される実画像を模式的に示す図である。図７（ｂ）は、実施形態１に係る、輪郭画像と濃淡画像とを重ね合わせて生成される水分量分布画像を模式的に示す図である。図７（ｃ）は、実施形態１に係る、表示部に表示される水分量分布画像および温度を含む画面を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 7A is a diagram schematically showing an actual image generated based on the detection signal of the reference light according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7B is a diagram schematically showing a water content distribution image generated by superimposing a contour image and a shading image according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7C is a diagram schematically showing a screen including a water content distribution image and a temperature displayed on a display unit according to the first embodiment. 図８は、実施形態２に係る、水分検知装置の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the second embodiment. 図９（ａ）、（ｂ）は、実施形態２に係る、水分検知装置により水分量の計測が行われる葉をＺ軸正方向に見た場合の模式図である。図９（ｃ）は、実施形態２に係る、ヘッド部の透過窓をＺ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。9 (a) and 9 (b) are schematic views of the leaf in which the water content is measured by the water content detecting device according to the second embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis. FIG. 9C is a schematic view of the second embodiment when the transmission window of the head portion is viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis. 図１０（ａ）は、実施形態２に係る、検知領域に対してガイド光を投射する構成をＹ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。図１０（ｂ）は、実施形態２に係る、光学素子の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。図１０（ｃ）、（ｄ）は、実施形態２に係る、検知領域において葉で反射された検出光および参照光の反射光を受光する構成を、それぞれＹ軸負方向およびＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。FIG. 10A is a schematic view of the configuration for projecting guide light onto the detection region according to the second embodiment when viewed in the negative direction of the Y-axis. FIG. 10B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the optical element according to the second embodiment. 10 (c) and 10 (d) show the configurations for receiving the detected light reflected by the leaves and the reflected light of the reference light in the detection region according to the second embodiment in the negative Y-axis direction and the negative X-axis direction, respectively. It is a schematic diagram when viewed. 図１１（ａ）は、実施形態３に係る、水分検知装置の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。図１１（ｂ）は、実施形態３に係る、筐体内に配置された複数の光源とディフューザーとをＺ軸正方向に見た場合の模式図である。FIG. 11A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 11B is a schematic view of a plurality of light sources and diffusers arranged in the housing according to the third embodiment when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis. 図１２は、実施形態３に係る、水分検知装置の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the third embodiment. 図１３（ａ）は、変更例に係る、水分検知装置の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。図１３（ｂ）は、変更例に係る、検知領域において葉で反射された検出光および参照光の反射光を受光する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。FIG. 13A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device according to the modified example. FIG. 13B is a schematic view of a configuration for receiving the detected light reflected by the leaves and the reflected light of the reference light in the detection region according to the modified example when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
　ただし、図面はもっぱら説明のためのものであって、この発明の範囲を限定するものではない。 However, the drawings are for illustration purposes only and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
　以下、本発明の実施形態について、図を参照して説明する。以下の実施形態では、水分量の計測対象となる被検体は植物の葉であるが、被検体はこれに限らず、果物等、植物の他の部位でもよい。また、被検体は、動物の部位や、生物以外の物質などでもよい。便宜上、各図には互いに直交するＸ、Ｙ、Ｚ軸が付記されている。Ｚ軸方向は、水分検知装置１から照射される検出光および参照光の進む方向である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the subject whose water content is to be measured is a leaf of a plant, but the subject is not limited to this, and may be another part of the plant such as a fruit. Further, the subject may be an animal part, a substance other than a living thing, or the like. For convenience, the X, Y, and Z axes that are orthogonal to each other are added to each figure. The Z-axis direction is the direction in which the detection light and the reference light emitted from the moisture detection device 1 travel.
　＜実施形態１＞
　図１は、実施形態１の水分検知装置１の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。 <Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the first embodiment.
　水分検知装置１は、ヘッド部１０と、制御装置２０と、ヘッド部１０および制御装置２０を通信可能に接続するケーブル１ａと、を備える。ヘッド部１０は、ヘッド部１０が備える各部を保持するための筐体１１と、筐体１１に接続された把持部１２と、把持部１２に設けられたボタン１３と、を備える。制御装置２０は、表示部２１を備える。 The moisture detection device 1 includes a head unit 10, a control device 20, and a cable 1a for communicably connecting the head unit 10 and the control device 20. The head portion 10 includes a housing 11 for holding each portion included in the head portion 10, a grip portion 12 connected to the housing 11, and a button 13 provided on the grip portion 12. The control device 20 includes a display unit 21.
　筐体１１は、把持部１２を片手で把手することにより持ち運び可能である。筐体１１の内部には、ガイド光を筐体１１の外部の検知領域Ａ１に投射し、検出光および参照光を筐体１１の外部の照明領域Ａ２に投射する投光部３０（図５参照）が配置されている。また、筐体１１の内部には、照明領域Ａ２に存在する被検体である葉ＬＦにより反射された検出光を受光する受光部４０（図５参照）が配置されている。投光部３０と受光部４０は、筐体１１に対して一体的に配置されている。投光部３０および受光部４０に含まれる各部の構成については、追って図２（ｃ）～図３（ｄ）を参照して説明する。 The housing 11 can be carried by gripping the grip portion 12 with one hand. Inside the housing 11, the guide light is projected onto the detection area A1 outside the housing 11, and the detection light and the reference light are projected onto the illumination area A2 outside the housing 11 (see FIG. 5). ) Is placed. Further, inside the housing 11, a light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) that receives the detection light reflected by the leaf LF, which is a subject existing in the illumination region A2, is arranged. The light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are integrally arranged with respect to the housing 11. The configurations of the respective parts included in the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 2 (c) to 3 (d).
　ユーザは、把持部１２を把手して、筐体１１のＺ軸正側に位置する透過窓１１ａを被検対象である葉ＬＦに対向させ、ボタン１３を押す。これにより、検出光および参照光が、透過窓１１ａからＺ軸正方向に所定の時間間隔で交互に出射され、葉ＬＦの表面に照射される。検出光は、波長１４５０ｎｍの近赤外光であり、参照光は、９００ｎｍの近赤外光である。検出光および参照光の光束は、Ｘ軸方向およびＹ軸方向に所定の幅を有する。また、ボタン１３が押されると、ガイド光が、透過窓１１ａからほぼＺ軸正方向に出射され、葉ＬＦの表面に照射される。ガイド光は、波長４００ｎｍ～７５０ｎｍの可視光である。ガイド光の光束は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面においてほぼ円形であり、ガイド光は収束光である。 The user holds the grip portion 12 and makes the transparent window 11a located on the positive side of the Z axis of the housing 11 face the leaf LF to be inspected, and presses the button 13. As a result, the detection light and the reference light are alternately emitted from the transmission window 11a in the positive direction of the Z axis at predetermined time intervals, and irradiate the surface of the leaf LF. The detection light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 1450 nm, and the reference light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 900 nm. The luminous flux of the detection light and the reference light has a predetermined width in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. When the button 13 is pressed, the guide light is emitted from the transmission window 11a in the positive direction of the Z axis to irradiate the surface of the leaf LF. The guide light is visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm. The luminous flux of the guide light is substantially circular in the XY plane, and the guide light is convergent light.
　ユーザは、葉ＬＦに透過窓１１ａを対向させてボタン１３を押した後、葉ＬＦの表面においてガイド光が最も収束するよう、ヘッド部１０と葉ＬＦとの間の距離を調節する。検知領域Ａ１は、ガイド光が最も収束する奥行き方向（Ｚ軸方向）の位置におけるガイド光の領域であり、照明領域Ａ２は、ガイド光が最も収束する奥行き方向（Ｚ軸方向）の位置における検出光および参照光の領域である。検知領域Ａ１は、点状の領域であり、照明領域Ａ２は、Ｘ軸方向の幅がＹ軸方向の幅より長い略矩形の領域である。ガイド光、検出光、および参照光を投射する投光部３０（図５参照）は、点状の検知領域Ａ１が照明領域Ａ２に含まれるように構成される。 After pressing the button 13 with the transmission window 11a facing the leaf LF, the user adjusts the distance between the head portion 10 and the leaf LF so that the guide light converges most on the surface of the leaf LF. The detection area A1 is a region of the guide light in the position in the depth direction (Z-axis direction) where the guide light converges most, and the illumination area A2 is a detection in the position in the depth direction (Z-axis direction) where the guide light converges most. Area of light and reference light. The detection area A1 is a point-shaped area, and the illumination area A2 is a substantially rectangular area whose width in the X-axis direction is longer than the width in the Y-axis direction. The light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the guide light, the detection light, and the reference light is configured so that the point-shaped detection area A1 is included in the illumination area A2.
　図２（ａ）、（ｂ）は、葉ＬＦをＺ軸正方向に見た場合の模式図である。 2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic views when the leaf LF is viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
　ユーザは、図２（ａ）に示すように、葉ＬＦの表面においてガイド光が最も収束し点状となるよう、葉ＬＦと筐体１１とのＺ軸方向（奥行き方向）の距離を調節する。続いて、ユーザは、図２（ｂ）に示すように、葉ＬＦと筐体１１との距離を変えずに、ガイド光の収束領域（検知領域Ａ１）がＸ－Ｙ平面内を動くように筐体１１を移動させる。ユーザは、葉ＬＦの全体範囲の水分量を計測する場合、たとえば、図２（ｂ）に示すように、ガイド光の収束領域（検知領域Ａ１）を葉ＬＦの全体範囲を網羅するように動かす。 As shown in FIG. 2A, the user adjusts the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11 in the Z-axis direction (depth direction) so that the guide light converges most on the surface of the leaf LF to form a point shape. .. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2B, the user causes the convergence region (detection region A1) of the guide light to move in the XY plane without changing the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11. The housing 11 is moved. When measuring the water content in the entire range of the leaf LF, the user moves the convergence region (detection region A1) of the guide light so as to cover the entire range of the leaf LF, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (b). ..
　図１に戻り、葉ＬＦに照射された検出光および参照光は、照明領域Ａ２内の葉ＬＦにより反射される。照明領域Ａ２内の葉ＬＦにより反射された検出光および参照光のうち、検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光は、透過窓１１ａを透過し、筐体１１内の受光部４０（図５参照）により受光される。受光部４０は、受光した検出光および参照光の強度に応じて検出信号を出力する。 Returning to FIG. 1, the detection light and the reference light irradiated to the leaf LF are reflected by the leaf LF in the illumination area A2. Of the detection light and reference light reflected by the leaf LF in the illumination area A2, the detection light and reference light reflected in the detection area A1 pass through the transmission window 11a and pass through the transmission window 11a, and the light receiving portion 40 in the housing 11 (FIG. 5) to receive light. The light receiving unit 40 outputs a detection signal according to the intensity of the received detection light and the reference light.
　ここで、検出光は、上述したように波長１４５０ｎｍの近赤外光であり、検出光の波長は、図４を参照して後述するように、水の吸収波長帯に含まれる。このため、検知領域Ａ１で反射され受光部４０により受光される検出光の光量は、検知領域Ａ１における葉ＬＦの水分量に応じて変化する。したがって、受光部４０で受光された検出光の強度によれば、検知領域Ａ１の葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量を算出できる。制御装置２０の制御部１１０（図５参照）は、受光部４０からの検出光の検出信号に基づいて、検知領域Ａ１の葉ＬＦの水分量を算出する。 Here, the detection light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 1450 nm as described above, and the wavelength of the detection light is included in the absorption wavelength band of water as described later with reference to FIG. Therefore, the amount of light of the detection light reflected by the detection area A1 and received by the light receiving unit 40 changes according to the amount of water in the leaf LF in the detection area A1. Therefore, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF of the detection region A1 can be calculated based on the intensity of the detection light received by the light receiving unit 40. The control unit 110 (see FIG. 5) of the control device 20 calculates the water content of the leaf LF of the detection region A1 based on the detection signal of the detection light from the light receiving unit 40.
　一方、参照光は、上述したように波長９００ｎｍの近赤外光であり、参照光の波長は、水による吸収が低い波長である。このため、検知領域Ａ１で反射され受光部４０により受光される検出光の光量は、検知領域Ａ１の水分量にかかわらず、検知領域Ａ１の物体の有無や形状に応じて変化する。したがって、受光部４０で受光された参照光の強度によれば、葉ＬＦの有無や形状に応じて、葉ＬＦに対する参照光の照射範囲、すなわち照明領域Ａ２内の葉ＬＦが存在する範囲を特定できる。制御装置２０の制御部１１０（図５参照）は、受光部４０からの参照光の検出信号に基づいて、葉ＬＦ上における参照光の照射範囲を特定する。 On the other hand, the reference light is near-infrared light having a wavelength of 900 nm as described above, and the wavelength of the reference light is a wavelength at which absorption by water is low. Therefore, the amount of light of the detection light reflected by the detection area A1 and received by the light receiving unit 40 changes according to the presence or absence and shape of an object in the detection area A1 regardless of the amount of water in the detection area A1. Therefore, according to the intensity of the reference light received by the light receiving unit 40, the irradiation range of the reference light to the leaf LF, that is, the range in which the leaf LF exists in the illumination region A2 is specified according to the presence or absence and the shape of the leaf LF. it can. The control unit 110 (see FIG. 5) of the control device 20 specifies the irradiation range of the reference light on the leaf LF based on the detection signal of the reference light from the light receiving unit 40.
　制御装置２０の制御部１１０は、参照光の照射範囲、すなわち、葉ＬＦの領域に水分量の算出結果をマッピングすることにより、水分量分布画像を生成し、生成した水分量分布画像等を表示部２１に表示する。こうして、葉ＬＦに対する水分検知が終了する。 The control unit 110 of the control device 20 generates a water content distribution image by mapping the calculation result of the water content to the irradiation range of the reference light, that is, the region of the leaf LF, and displays the generated water content distribution image and the like. Displayed in unit 21. In this way, the moisture detection for the leaf LF is completed.
　次に、図２（ｃ）～図３（ｄ）を参照して、筐体１１内に配置された各部の構成について説明する。 Next, the configuration of each part arranged in the housing 11 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (c) to 3 (d).
　図２（ｃ）は、ヘッド部１０の透過窓１１ａをＺ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。 FIG. 2C is a schematic view of the transmission window 11a of the head portion 10 when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis.
　透過窓１１ａは、樹脂またはガラスで構成され、光を透過する板状部材である。透過窓１１ａのＺ軸負側に、複数の光源３１と、複数の光源３２と、光源３３と、集光レンズ３４と、光検出器４１と、集光レンズ４２と、放射温度センサ６１とが、筐体１１に配置されている。 The transmission window 11a is a plate-shaped member made of resin or glass and transmitting light. A plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, a light source 33, a condensing lens 34, a photodetector 41, a condensing lens 42, and a radiation temperature sensor 61 are located on the negative side of the transmission window 11a on the Z axis. , Is arranged in the housing 11.
　光源３１、３２、３３と集光レンズ３４は、検出光と、参照光と、ガイド光とを外部に向けて投射する投光部３０（図５参照）を構成する。光検出器４１と集光レンズ４２は、葉ＬＦを経由した検出光および参照光を受光する受光部４０（図５参照）を構成する。投光部３０と受光部４０は、筐体１１の内部に配置されている。なお、投光部３０は、必ずしもその全てが筐体１１内に配置されなくてもよく、たとえば、投光部３０の一部が外部に露出するように筐体１１の外側面に配置されてもよい。 The light sources 31, 32, 33 and the condenser lens 34 constitute a light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the detection light, the reference light, and the guide light toward the outside. The photodetector 41 and the condenser lens 42 constitute a light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) that receives the detection light and the reference light that have passed through the leaf LF. The light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged inside the housing 11. It should be noted that not all of the light projecting unit 30 need to be arranged inside the housing 11, and for example, the light projecting unit 30 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 11 so that a part of the light projecting unit 30 is exposed to the outside. May be good.
　光源３１および光源３２は、Ｘ軸方向に交互に並んで配置されている。光源３１、３２は、それぞれ、検出光および参照光をＺ軸正方向に出射する。光源３３は、ガイド光をＺ軸正方向からＹ軸負方向に僅かに傾いた方向に出射する。集光レンズ３４は、光源３３と同様、僅かに傾いた状態で、光源３３のＺ軸正側に配置されている。光検出器４１は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面において、光源３１、３２と光源３３との間に配置されている。集光レンズ４２は、光検出器４１のＺ軸正側に配置されている。 The light source 31 and the light source 32 are arranged alternately side by side in the X-axis direction. The light sources 31 and 32 emit the detection light and the reference light in the positive direction of the Z axis, respectively. The light source 33 emits the guide light in a direction slightly inclined from the positive direction of the Z axis to the negative direction of the Y axis. Like the light source 33, the condenser lens 34 is arranged on the positive side of the Z axis of the light source 33 in a slightly tilted state. The photodetector 41 is arranged between the light sources 31 and 32 and the light source 33 in the XY plane. The condenser lens 42 is arranged on the positive side of the Z axis of the photodetector 41.
　図３（ａ）、（ｂ）は、それぞれ、照明領域Ａ２に対して検出光および参照光を投射する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。 3 (a) and 3 (b) are schematic views of a configuration in which the detection light and the reference light are projected onto the illumination region A2 when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis, respectively.
　光源３１、３２は、たとえば半導体レーザや、ＬＥＤあるいは特定波長を通過するフィルタをつけた白色光源により構成される。 The light sources 31 and 32 are composed of, for example, a semiconductor laser, an LED, or a white light source with a filter that passes through a specific wavelength.
　図３（ｃ）は、検知領域Ａ１に対してガイド光を投射する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。 FIG. 3C is a schematic view of a configuration in which the guide light is projected onto the detection region A1 when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
　光源３３は、たとえば半導体レーザや、ＬＥＤあるいは特定波長を通過するフィルタをつけた白色光源により構成される。集光レンズ３４は、光源３３から出射されたガイド光を、収束光に変換し、集光レンズ３４からＺ軸正方向に所定の距離だけ離れた検知領域Ａ１で集光させる。なお、図３（ｃ）では、光源３３が出射するガイド光の進行方向は、Ｚ軸正方向として図示されているが、実際には、Ｚ軸方向に対してＹ軸負方向に僅かに傾いている。 The light source 33 is composed of, for example, a semiconductor laser, an LED, or a white light source with a filter that passes through a specific wavelength. The condensing lens 34 converts the guide light emitted from the light source 33 into convergent light, and condenses the light in the detection region A1 separated from the condensing lens 34 in the positive direction of the Z axis by a predetermined distance. In FIG. 3C, the traveling direction of the guide light emitted by the light source 33 is shown as the Z-axis positive direction, but in reality, it is slightly tilted in the Y-axis negative direction with respect to the Z-axis direction. ing.
　図３（ｄ）は、検知領域Ａ１において葉ＬＦで反射された検出光および参照光の反射光を受光する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。 FIG. 3D is a schematic view of a configuration in which the detection light reflected by the leaf LF and the reflected light of the reference light are received in the detection region A1 when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis.
　光検出器４１は、たとえば、フォトダイオードである。光検出器４１は、赤外の波長帯に検出感度を有する。具体的には、光検出器４１は、インジウムガリウムヒ素系のフォトダイオードであり、検出光および参照光が検出可能となるよう波長９００ｎｍ～１７００ｎｍの検出感度を有する。光検出器４１は、葉ＬＦの検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光を受光領域４１ａで受光し、受光した光量に基づく電気信号を出力する。 The photodetector 41 is, for example, a photodiode. The photodetector 41 has detection sensitivity in the infrared wavelength band. Specifically, the photodetector 41 is an indium gallium arsenide-based photodiode, and has a detection sensitivity of a wavelength of 900 nm to 1700 nm so that the detection light and the reference light can be detected. The photodetector 41 receives the detection light and the reference light reflected in the detection region A1 of the leaf LF in the light receiving region 41a, and outputs an electric signal based on the received light amount.
　集光レンズ４２は、葉ＬＦの検知領域Ａ１から生じる検出光および参照光を集光して、光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａに結像させるよう構成される。このため、検知領域Ａ１以外の照明領域Ａ２において反射された検出光および参照光は、受光領域４１ａには集光されず、点状の検知領域Ａ１において反射された検出光および参照光のみが、受光領域４１ａに集光される。 The condensing lens 42 is configured to condense the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 of the leaf LF and form an image on the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41. Therefore, the detection light and the reference light reflected in the illumination area A2 other than the detection area A1 are not focused on the light receiving area 41a, and only the detection light and the reference light reflected in the point-shaped detection area A1 are present. The light is focused on the light receiving region 41a.
　なお、上述したように、光検出器４１の検出感度は波長９００ｎｍ～１７００ｎｍであり、ガイド光の波長は可視光の波長である。したがって、検知領域Ａ１で反射されたガイド光が、光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａに導かれたとしても、光検出器４１の検出信号にガイド光が影響をおよぼすことが防止される。 As described above, the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41 is a wavelength of 900 nm to 1700 nm, and the wavelength of the guide light is the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, even if the guide light reflected in the detection region A1 is guided to the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41, the guide light is prevented from affecting the detection signal of the photodetector 41.
　また、実施形態１の構成では、光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａを像面とした場合に、集光レンズ４２によって物面が形成される検知領域Ａ１を識別可能となるよう、ガイド光が検知領域Ａ１において最小スポットに集光するように照射されている。これにより、ユーザは、ガイド光の照射状態を参照することにより、筐体１１と葉ＬＦとの距離を、検出光を適正に光検出器４１に結像させ得る距離に調節できる。 Further, in the configuration of the first embodiment, when the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41 is used as the image plane, the guide light is detected so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed can be identified by the condenser lens 42. It is irradiated so as to concentrate on the smallest spot in the region A1. As a result, the user can adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF to a distance at which the detected light can be appropriately imaged on the photodetector 41 by referring to the irradiation state of the guide light.
　図４は、水における光の吸収係数を示すグラフである。図４のグラフにおいて、横軸は波長を示し、縦軸は吸収係数を示している。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light absorption coefficient in water. In the graph of FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the wavelength and the vertical axis represents the absorption coefficient.
　図４に示すように、近赤外光の波長帯において、波長が大きくなるにつれて吸収係数が大きくなる傾向がある。したがって、検出光の波長が上述したように１４５０ｎｍに設定され、検出光が葉ＬＦの検知領域Ａ１に照射されると、葉ＬＦを経由する検出光の光量は、検知領域Ａ１における葉ＬＦの水分量に応じて変化する。すなわち、葉ＬＦを経由する検出光の光量は、検知領域Ａ１における葉ＬＦの水分量が多くなるほど小さくなり、検知領域Ａ１における葉ＬＦの水分量が少なくなるほど大きくなる。したがって、図３（ｄ）に示したように、検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光が光検出器４１により受光されると、光検出器４１が出力する検出信号は、検知領域Ａ１における葉ＬＦの水分量を反映した値となる。 As shown in FIG. 4, in the wavelength band of near-infrared light, the absorption coefficient tends to increase as the wavelength increases. Therefore, when the wavelength of the detection light is set to 1450 nm as described above and the detection light is applied to the detection region A1 of the leaf LF, the amount of light of the detection light passing through the leaf LF is the moisture content of the leaf LF in the detection region A1. It changes according to the amount. That is, the amount of light of the detection light passing through the leaf LF decreases as the water content of the leaf LF in the detection region A1 increases, and increases as the water content of the leaf LF in the detection region A1 decreases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3D, when the detection light reflected in the detection area A1 is received by the photodetector 41, the detection signal output by the photodetector 41 is the leaf LF in the detection area A1. It is a value that reflects the amount of water in.
　一方、参照光は、図７（ａ）を参照して後述するように、葉ＬＦの有無や形状を反映した実画像２１０を生成し、実画像２１０に基づいて葉ＬＦの輪郭画像２１１を生成するために用いられる。このため、検知領域Ａ１で反射された参照光は、水分量にかかわらず光検出器４１により受光される必要がある。したがって、参照光の波長は、水による吸収が低く、かつ、光検出器４１の検出感度に含まれるように設定される。実施形態１では、上述したように、光検出器４１の検出感度は９００ｎｍ～１７００ｎｍであるため、参照光の波長は、光検出器４１の検出感度の波長帯の下限付近である９００ｎｍに設定される。 On the other hand, the reference light generates a real image 210 reflecting the presence / absence and shape of the leaf LF, and generates a contour image 211 of the leaf LF based on the real image 210, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 7A. Used to do. Therefore, the reference light reflected in the detection region A1 needs to be received by the photodetector 41 regardless of the amount of water. Therefore, the wavelength of the reference light is set so that it is absorbed by water low and is included in the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41. In the first embodiment, as described above, since the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41 is 900 nm to 1700 nm, the wavelength of the reference light is set to 900 nm, which is near the lower limit of the wavelength band of the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41. To.
　図５は、水分検知装置１の構成を示すブロック図である。 FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1.
　水分検知装置１のヘッド部１０は、複数の光源３１と、複数の光源３１に対して接続される駆動部５１と、複数の光源３２と、複数の光源３２に接続される駆動部５２と、光源３３と、集光レンズ３４と、光源３３に接続される駆動部５３と、光検出器４１と、集光レンズ４２と、光検出器４１に接続される信号処理部５４と、放射温度センサ６１と、放射温度センサ６１に接続される信号処理部５５と、加速度センサ７１と、ジャイロセンサ７２と、ボタン１３と、通信インタフェース８０と、を備える。 The head portion 10 of the moisture detection device 1 includes a plurality of light sources 31, a drive unit 51 connected to the plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, and a drive unit 52 connected to the plurality of light sources 32. A light source 33, a condenser lens 34, a drive unit 53 connected to the light source 33, a light detector 41, a condenser lens 42, a signal processing unit 54 connected to the light detector 41, and a radiation temperature sensor. It includes 61, a signal processing unit 55 connected to the radiation temperature sensor 61, an acceleration sensor 71, a gyro sensor 72, a button 13, and a communication interface 80.
　複数の光源３１は、駆動部５１から入力される駆動信号に応じて検出光を出射する。複数の光源３２は、駆動部５２から入力される駆動信号に応じて参照光を出射する。光源３３は、駆動部５３から入力される駆動信号に応じてガイド光を出射する。光検出器４１は、検出光を受光して検出光に基づく電気信号を、検出信号として信号処理部５４に出力し、参照光を受光して参照光に基づく電気信号を、検出信号として信号処理部５４に出力する。信号処理部５４は、光検出器４１から出力された検出光および参照光に基づく検出信号に対して、デジタル信号への変換等の処理を行う。 The plurality of light sources 31 emit detection light according to the drive signal input from the drive unit 51. The plurality of light sources 32 emit reference light according to the drive signal input from the drive unit 52. The light source 33 emits guide light in response to a drive signal input from the drive unit 53. The photodetector 41 receives the detection light and outputs an electric signal based on the detection light to the signal processing unit 54 as a detection signal, receives the reference light and processes the electric signal based on the reference light as a detection signal. Output to unit 54. The signal processing unit 54 performs processing such as conversion of the detection light output from the photodetector 41 and the detection signal based on the reference light into a digital signal.
　放射温度センサ６１は、非接触式の温度センサであり、葉ＬＦから放射される赤外放射量を測定することで検知領域Ａ１の近傍の温度を測定する。放射温度センサ６１は、測定した温度に基づく電気信号を、検出信号として信号処理部５５に出力する。信号処理部５５は、放射温度センサ６１から出力された検出信号に対して、デジタル信号への変換等の処理を行う。 The radiation temperature sensor 61 is a non-contact type temperature sensor, and measures the temperature in the vicinity of the detection region A1 by measuring the amount of infrared radiation emitted from the leaf LF. The radiation temperature sensor 61 outputs an electric signal based on the measured temperature to the signal processing unit 55 as a detection signal. The signal processing unit 55 performs processing such as conversion of the detection signal output from the radiation temperature sensor 61 into a digital signal.
　加速度センサ７１は、直交する３軸方向（図１のＸＹＺ軸方向）の加速度を検出し、３軸方向の加速度を検出信号として出力する。ジャイロセンサ７２は、直交する３軸まわり（図１のＸＹＺ軸まわり）の角速度を検出し、３軸まわりの角速度を検出信号として出力する。加速度センサ７１とジャイロセンサ７２は、葉ＬＦに対する検知領域Ａ１の移動を検知するための移動検知部７０を構成する。ボタン１３は、押されている間だけスイッチがオンになるボタンである。 The acceleration sensor 71 detects the acceleration in the orthogonal three-axis directions (the XYZ-axis directions in FIG. 1) and outputs the acceleration in the three-axis directions as a detection signal. The gyro sensor 72 detects the angular velocities around the three orthogonal axes (around the XYZ axes in FIG. 1) and outputs the angular velocities around the three axes as a detection signal. The acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 constitute a movement detection unit 70 for detecting the movement of the detection region A1 with respect to the leaf LF. The button 13 is a button whose switch is turned on only while it is pressed.
　水分検知装置１の制御装置２０は、制御部１１０と、記憶部１２０と、表示部２１と、通信インタフェース１３０と、を備える。 The control device 20 of the moisture detection device 1 includes a control unit 110, a storage unit 120, a display unit 21, and a communication interface 130.
　制御部１１０は、たとえばＣＰＵやマイクロコンピュータにより構成され、記憶部１２０に記憶された制御プログラムに従って、ヘッド部１０内の各部および制御装置２０内の各部の制御を行う。記憶部１２０は、たとえばＲＡＭにより構成され、制御プログラムを記憶するとともに、制御処理時のワーク領域として用いられる。表示部２１は、たとえば液晶パネルにより構成され、制御部１１０から出力される信号に基づいて画像を表示する。 The control unit 110 is composed of, for example, a CPU or a microcomputer, and controls each unit in the head unit 10 and each unit in the control device 20 according to a control program stored in the storage unit 120. The storage unit 120 is composed of, for example, a RAM, stores a control program, and is used as a work area during control processing. The display unit 21 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal panel, and displays an image based on a signal output from the control unit 110.
　制御部１１０は、ボタン１３のオンオフに関する信号を受信し、ボタン１３がオン状態の間に、通信インタフェース８０、１３０を介して、信号処理部５４、５５から出力される検出信号と、加速度センサ７１およびジャイロセンサ７２から出力される検出信号とを受信し、受信した検出信号を記憶部１２０に記憶させる。制御部１１０には、制御プログラムによる機能として、位置算出部１１１と、水分量算出部１１２と、画像生成部１１３とが設けられる。 The control unit 110 receives a signal relating to the on / off of the button 13, and while the button 13 is in the on state, the detection signal output from the signal processing units 54 and 55 via the communication interfaces 80 and 130 and the acceleration sensor 71. And the detection signal output from the gyro sensor 72 is received, and the received detection signal is stored in the storage unit 120. The control unit 110 is provided with a position calculation unit 111, a water content calculation unit 112, and an image generation unit 113 as functions by a control program.
　位置算出部１１１は、加速度センサ７１の検出信号とジャイロセンサ７２の検出信号とに基づいて、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置を算出する。水分量算出部１１２は、検出光の検出信号に基づいて、葉ＬＦの検知領域Ａ１に含まれる水分量を算出する。画像生成部１１３は、参照光の検出信号に基づいて、葉ＬＦの実画像２１０（図７（ａ）参照）を生成し、実画像２１０に基づいて輪郭画像２１１（図７（ａ）参照）を生成する。画像生成部１１３は、位置算出部１１１により算出された検知領域Ａ１の移動位置と、水分量算出部１１２により算出された水分量と、輪郭画像２１１とに基づいて、水分量分布画像２３０（図７（ｂ）参照）を生成する。制御部１１０の処理と各画像については、追って図６～図７（ｃ）を参照して説明する。 The position calculation unit 111 calculates the moving position of the detection area A1 based on the detection signal of the acceleration sensor 71 and the detection signal of the gyro sensor 72. The water content calculation unit 112 calculates the water content contained in the detection region A1 of the leaf LF based on the detection signal of the detection light. The image generation unit 113 generates a real image 210 of the leaf LF (see FIG. 7A) based on the detection signal of the reference light, and contour image 211 (see FIG. 7A) based on the real image 210. To generate. The image generation unit 113 is based on the moving position of the detection region A1 calculated by the position calculation unit 111, the water content calculated by the water content calculation unit 112, and the contour image 211, and the water content distribution image 230 (FIG. 7 (b)) is generated. The processing of the control unit 110 and each image will be described later with reference to FIGS. 6 to 7 (c).
　なお、位置算出部１１１と、水分量算出部１１２と、画像生成部１１３は、制御プログラムによる機能ではなく、ハードウェアとして構成されてもよい。 The position calculation unit 111, the water content calculation unit 112, and the image generation unit 113 may be configured as hardware instead of functions by the control program.
　図６は、水分検知装置１の処理を示すフローチャートである。 FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing of the moisture detection device 1.
　制御部１１０は、ボタン１３のオンオフに関する信号に基づいて、ボタン１３が押されることにより計測開始指示が入力されたか否かを判定する（Ｓ１１）。ボタン１３が押されると（Ｓ１１：ＹＥＳ）、制御部１１０は、光源３１および光源３２を発光させ、検出光および参照光の照明領域Ａ２への照射を開始する（Ｓ１２）。このとき、制御部１１０は、所定の切替間隔ごとに、光源３１および光源３２の発光を交互に切り替える。光源３１および光源３２の切替周期は、たとえば、数μｓｅｃ～数１０μｓｅｃに設定される。制御部１１０は、光源３３を発光させ、ガイド光の検知領域Ａ１への照射を開始する（Ｓ１３）。制御部１１０は、ボタン１３が押されている間、ガイド光を連続的に出射させる。 The control unit 110 determines whether or not a measurement start instruction has been input by pressing the button 13 based on the signal relating to the on / off of the button 13 (S11). When the button 13 is pressed (S11: YES), the control unit 110 causes the light source 31 and the light source 32 to emit light, and starts irradiating the illumination region A2 of the detection light and the reference light (S12). At this time, the control unit 110 alternately switches the light emission of the light source 31 and the light source 32 at predetermined switching intervals. The switching cycle of the light source 31 and the light source 32 is set to, for example, several μsec to several tens of μsec. The control unit 110 causes the light source 33 to emit light and starts irradiating the detection region A1 of the guide light (S13). The control unit 110 continuously emits the guide light while the button 13 is pressed.
　続いて、制御部１１０は、検出光の照射タイミングで光検出器４１から出力される検出光の検出信号の取得を開始する（Ｓ１４）。続いて、制御部１１０は、参照光の照射タイミングで光検出器４１から出力される参照光の検出信号の取得を開始する（Ｓ１５）。続いて、制御部１１０は、放射温度センサ６１から出力される温度の検出信号の取得を開始する（Ｓ１６）。続いて、制御部１１０は、加速度センサ７１とジャイロセンサ７２から出力される移動位置の検出信号を取得する（Ｓ１７）。 Subsequently, the control unit 110 starts acquiring the detection signal of the detection light output from the photodetector 41 at the irradiation timing of the detection light (S14). Subsequently, the control unit 110 starts acquiring the detection signal of the reference light output from the photodetector 41 at the irradiation timing of the reference light (S15). Subsequently, the control unit 110 starts acquiring the temperature detection signal output from the radiation temperature sensor 61 (S16). Subsequently, the control unit 110 acquires a moving position detection signal output from the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 (S17).
　ステップＳ１７の処理が行われた後、制御部１１０は、ステップＳ１７の位置計測処理で取得した移動位置の検出信号に対応付けて、ステップＳ１４～Ｓ１６で取得した検出信号を記憶部１２０に記憶させる。すなわち、制御部１１０は、検出光と参照光の切替周期ごとに、検出光の検出信号、参照光の検出信号および移動位置の検出信号を互いに対応付けて、記憶部１２０に記憶させる。 After the processing of step S17 is performed, the control unit 110 stores the detection signals acquired in steps S14 to S16 in the storage unit 120 in association with the detection signal of the moving position acquired in the position measurement processing of step S17. .. That is, the control unit 110 stores the detection light of the detection light, the detection signal of the reference light, and the detection signal of the moving position in the storage unit 120 in association with each other for each switching cycle of the detection light and the reference light.
　制御部１１０は、ボタン１３のオンオフに関する信号に基づいて、ボタン１３が押されなくなったことにより計測終了指示が入力されたか否かを判定する（Ｓ１８）。ボタン１３が押されたままの場合（Ｓ１８：ＮＯ）、制御部１１０は、ステップＳ１２～Ｓ１７で開始した処理を継続する。処理が継続される場合、制御部１１０は、移動位置の検出信号に対応付けて各検出信号を記憶部１２０に記憶させ続ける。他方、ボタン１３が押されなくなった場合（Ｓ１８：ＹＥＳ）、制御部１１０は、ステップＳ１２～Ｓ１７で開始した処理を終了する（Ｓ１９）。 Based on the signal related to the on / off of the button 13, the control unit 110 determines whether or not the measurement end instruction has been input because the button 13 is no longer pressed (S18). When the button 13 is still pressed (S18: NO), the control unit 110 continues the process started in steps S12 to S17. When the processing is continued, the control unit 110 keeps storing each detection signal in the storage unit 120 in association with the detection signal of the moving position. On the other hand, when the button 13 is no longer pressed (S18: YES), the control unit 110 ends the process started in steps S12 to S17 (S19).
　次に、制御部１１０は、記憶部１２０に記憶された検出信号に基づいて、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置と、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量と、葉ＬＦの温度とを算出する（Ｓ２０）。具体的には、制御部１１０の位置算出部１１１は、上記切替周期で記憶部１２０に記憶された移動位置の検出信号に基づいて、各時刻における検知領域Ａ１の移動位置を算出する。制御部１１０の水分量算出部１１２は、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置ごとに記憶部１２０に記憶された検出光の検出信号に基づいて、検知領域Ａ１の各移動位置における葉ＬＦの水分量を算出する。制御部１１０は、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置ごとに記憶部１２０に記憶された温度の検出信号に基づいて、葉ＬＦ全体の温度を算出する。 Next, the control unit 110 calculates the moving position of the detection area A1, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF, and the temperature of the leaf LF based on the detection signal stored in the storage unit 120 (S20). Specifically, the position calculation unit 111 of the control unit 110 calculates the movement position of the detection area A1 at each time based on the detection signal of the movement position stored in the storage unit 120 in the switching cycle. The water content calculation unit 112 of the control unit 110 calculates the water content of the leaf LF at each movement position of the detection area A1 based on the detection signal of the detection light stored in the storage unit 120 for each movement position of the detection area A1. To do. The control unit 110 calculates the temperature of the entire leaf LF based on the temperature detection signal stored in the storage unit 120 for each movement position of the detection area A1.
　続いて、制御部１１０の画像生成部１１３は、記憶部１２０に記憶された各時刻における参照光の検出信号と、位置算出部１１１により算出された当該時刻における移動位置とに基づいて、図７（ａ）に示すように実画像２１０と輪郭画像２１１を生成し、さらに、各移動位置における葉ＬＦの水分量と、輪郭画像２１１とに基づいて、図７（ｂ）に示すように水分量分布画像２３０を生成する（Ｓ２１）。 Subsequently, the image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 is based on the detection signal of the reference light stored in the storage unit 120 at each time and the moving position at the time calculated by the position calculation unit 111. A real image 210 and a contour image 211 are generated as shown in (a), and further, based on the water content of the leaf LF at each moving position and the contour image 211, the water content as shown in FIG. 7 (b). A distribution image 230 is generated (S21).
　図７（ａ）は、参照光の検出信号に基づいて生成される実画像２１０を模式的に示す図である。制御部１１０の画像生成部１１３は、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置ごとに記憶部１２０に記憶された参照光の検出信号に基づいて、実画像２１０を生成する。実画像２１０は、たとえばモノクロ画像である。そして、画像生成部１１３は、実画像２１０から、実画像２１０の輪郭に相当する輪郭画像２１１（参照光の照射範囲）を生成する。 FIG. 7A is a diagram schematically showing the actual image 210 generated based on the detection signal of the reference light. The image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 generates the actual image 210 based on the detection signal of the reference light stored in the storage unit 120 for each movement position of the detection area A1. The real image 210 is, for example, a monochrome image. Then, the image generation unit 113 generates a contour image 211 (irradiation range of reference light) corresponding to the contour of the real image 210 from the real image 210.
　図７（ｂ）は、輪郭画像２１１と濃淡画像２２０とを重ね合わせて生成される水分量分布画像２３０を模式的に示す図である。制御部１１０の画像生成部１１３は、図６のステップＳ２０で算出した検知領域Ａ１の各移動位置における葉ＬＦの水分量に基づいて、濃淡画像２２０を生成する。濃淡画像２２０は、たとえば水分量に応じたカラー画像である。そして、画像生成部１１３は、輪郭画像２１１と濃淡画像２２０とを重ね合わせることにより水分量分布画像２３０を生成する。 FIG. 7B is a diagram schematically showing a water content distribution image 230 generated by superimposing the contour image 211 and the shading image 220. The image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 generates a shade image 220 based on the water content of the leaf LF at each movement position of the detection region A1 calculated in step S20 of FIG. The shade image 220 is, for example, a color image according to the amount of water. Then, the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 by superimposing the contour image 211 and the shading image 220.
　図６に戻り、制御部１１０は、図７（ｃ）に示すように、ステップＳ２１で生成した葉ＬＦの水分量分布画像２３０と、ステップＳ２０で算出した葉ＬＦの温度とを、表示部２１に表示する（Ｓ２２）。こうして、水分検知装置１の処理が終了する。 Returning to FIG. 6, the control unit 110 displays the water content distribution image 230 of the leaf LF generated in step S21 and the temperature of the leaf LF calculated in step S20 as shown in FIG. 7 (c). Is displayed in (S22). In this way, the process of the moisture detection device 1 is completed.
　＜実施形態１の効果＞
　以上、実施形態１によれば、以下の効果が奏される。 <Effect of Embodiment 1>
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the following effects are achieved.
　投光部３０と受光部４０は、筐体１１内に配置されている。投光部３０は、筐体１１の外部に位置する照明領域Ａ２に、水の吸収波長帯に含まれる波長の検出光を投射し、受光部４０は、葉ＬＦにより反射された検出光を受光する。そして、水分量算出部１１２は、受光部４０からの検出光に基づく検出信号に基づいて葉ＬＦの水分量を算出する。投光部３０は、さらに、検知領域Ａ１に可視のガイド光を照射する。 The light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged in the housing 11. The light projecting unit 30 projects detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto the illumination region A2 located outside the housing 11, and the light receiving unit 40 receives the detection light reflected by the leaf LF. To do. Then, the water content calculation unit 112 calculates the water content of the leaf LF based on the detection signal based on the detection light from the light receiving unit 40. The light projecting unit 30 further irradiates the detection region A1 with visible guide light.
　このように実施形態１によれば、筐体１１を把手して検出光を葉ＬＦに照射することにより、葉ＬＦの水分量を算出できる。これにより、計測時に葉ＬＦを破壊することなく、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量を取得することができる。また、計測時に葉ＬＦを破壊する必要がないため、たとえば、葉ＬＦを枝に植生させたまま、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量の経時変化を計測することができる。また、ユーザは、ガイド光の照射位置を参照することにより、葉ＬＦ上の検知領域Ａ１、すなわち、ユーザ自身が水分量を計測しようとする領域を把握できる。よって、葉ＬＦに対する水分量の検出を円滑に進めることができる。 As described above, according to the first embodiment, the water content of the leaf LF can be calculated by grasping the housing 11 and irradiating the leaf LF with the detection light. As a result, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be obtained without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement. Further, since it is not necessary to destroy the leaf LF at the time of measurement, for example, it is possible to measure the change over time in the amount of water contained in the leaf LF while the leaf LF is vegetated on the branch. Further, the user can grasp the detection area A1 on the leaf LF, that is, the area where the user himself / herself intends to measure the water content by referring to the irradiation position of the guide light. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly detect the water content of the leaf LF.
　ガイド光は収束光であり、検知領域Ａ１は、ガイド光が最も収束したときのガイド光の領域である。これにより、ユーザは、水分量を計測したい葉ＬＦの対象部分を、奥行き方向（Ｚ軸方向）においてガイド光の収束位置に位置付ければよいことを視覚的に把握できる。 The guide light is convergent light, and the detection area A1 is a region of guide light when the guide light is most converged. As a result, the user can visually grasp that the target portion of the leaf LF for which the water content is to be measured should be positioned at the convergence position of the guide light in the depth direction (Z-axis direction).
　筐体１１は、把持部１２を把手して持ち運び可能に構成されている。これにより、ユーザは、把持部１２を把手して、簡便に葉ＬＦの水分量の計測を行うことができる。 The housing 11 is configured to be portable by holding the grip portion 12. As a result, the user can easily measure the water content of the leaf LF by grasping the grip portion 12.
　検出光は、波長８００ｎｍ以上の赤外光である。図４に示したように、波長８００ｎｍ以上の光は水により吸収されやすい。よって、検出光の波長を８００ｎｍ以上に設定することにより、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量に応じて検出光の光量を変化させることができ、葉ＬＦの水分量を検出できる。 The detected light is infrared light having a wavelength of 800 nm or more. As shown in FIG. 4, light having a wavelength of 800 nm or more is easily absorbed by water. Therefore, by setting the wavelength of the detection light to 800 nm or more, the amount of light of the detection light can be changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF, and the amount of water in the leaf LF can be detected.
　検出光の波長は、９５０ｎｍ以上に設定される。図４に示したように、光に対する水の吸収係数は、波長９５０ｎｍ以上の範囲において高くなる。このため、検出光の波長を９５０ｎｍ以上に設定することにより、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量に応じて検出光の光量を大きく変化させることができる。よって、葉ＬＦの水分を効率的に検出できる。 The wavelength of the detected light is set to 950 nm or more. As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption coefficient of water with respect to light becomes high in the wavelength range of 950 nm or more. Therefore, by setting the wavelength of the detection light to 950 nm or more, the amount of light of the detection light can be significantly changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF. Therefore, the water content of the leaf LF can be efficiently detected.
　検出光の波長は、１４５０ｎｍの波長付近に設定される。図４に示したように、光に対する水の吸収係数は、１４５０ｎｍの波長においてピーク状に高くなる。このため、検出光の波長をこの波長付近に設定することにより、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量に応じて検出光の光量を顕著に大きく変化させることができる。よって、葉ＬＦの水分量をより効率的に検出できる。 The wavelength of the detected light is set in the vicinity of the wavelength of 1450 nm. As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption coefficient of water with respect to light peaks at a wavelength of 1450 nm. Therefore, by setting the wavelength of the detection light to the vicinity of this wavelength, the amount of light of the detection light can be significantly changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF. Therefore, the water content of the leaf LF can be detected more efficiently.
　集光レンズ４２は、照明領域Ａ２内の検知領域Ａ１から生じる検出光を光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａに結像させる。これにより、検知領域Ａ１の移動に応じて、各検知領域Ａ１から生じる検出光が受光領域４１ａに導かれる。よって、各検知領域Ａ１における葉ＬＦの水分量を計測できる。 The condenser lens 42 forms an image of the detection light generated from the detection region A1 in the illumination region A2 on the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41. As a result, the detection light generated from each detection area A1 is guided to the light receiving area 41a according to the movement of the detection area A1. Therefore, the water content of the leaf LF in each detection region A1 can be measured.
　光検出器４１は、フォトダイオードであり、検知領域Ａ１は、光検出器４１（フォトダイオード）の受光領域４１ａに対応する点状の領域である。これにより、点状の検知領域Ａ１ごとに個別に葉ＬＦの水分量を計測できる。 The photodetector 41 is a photodiode, and the detection area A1 is a point-shaped area corresponding to the light receiving area 41a of the photodetector 41 (photodiode). As a result, the water content of the leaf LF can be individually measured for each point-shaped detection region A1.
　投光部３０は、光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａを像面とした場合に、集光レンズ４２によって物面が形成される検知領域Ａ１を識別可能に、ガイド光を照射させる。これにより、ユーザは、ガイド光の照射状態を参照することにより、筐体１１と葉ＬＦとの距離を、検出光を適正に光検出器４１に結像させ得る距離に調節できる。よって、ユーザは、葉ＬＦの水分量を計測するための操作を円滑に進めることができる。 When the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41 is used as the image plane, the light projecting unit 30 irradiates the guide light so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed by the condensing lens 42 can be identified. As a result, the user can adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF to a distance at which the detected light can be appropriately imaged on the photodetector 41 by referring to the irradiation state of the guide light. Therefore, the user can smoothly proceed with the operation for measuring the water content of the leaf LF.
　画像生成部１１３は、水分量算出部１１２による算出結果に基づいて、図７（ｂ）に示したように、葉ＬＦにおける水分量の分布を示す水分量分布画像２３０を生成する。これにより、ユーザは、画像生成部１１３により生成された水分量分布画像２３０を参照することで、葉ＬＦ上の水分量の分布を瞬時に把握できる。 The image generation unit 113 generates a water content distribution image 230 showing the water content distribution in the leaf LF, as shown in FIG. 7B, based on the calculation result by the water content calculation unit 112. As a result, the user can instantly grasp the distribution of the water content on the leaf LF by referring to the water content distribution image 230 generated by the image generation unit 113.
　画像生成部１１３は、移動検知部７０による検知結果と水分量算出部１１２による算出結果とに基づいて、水分量分布画像２３０を生成する。これにより、ユーザが葉ＬＦ上において検知領域Ａ１を走査させることにより、走査範囲における葉ＬＦの水分量の分布を示す水分量分布画像２３０が生成される。よって、検知領域Ａ１が葉ＬＦの領域より小さい場合でも、検知領域Ａ１を葉ＬＦの全体に亘って走査させることにより、葉ＬＦ全体について、水分量の分布を示す水分量分布画像２３０を生成できる。よって、ユーザは、葉ＬＦ全体の水分量の分布を円滑に把握できる。また、ユーザは、葉ＬＦ上の所望の特定範囲において検知領域Ａ１を走査させることにより、当該特定範囲における水分の分布を把握できる。このように、ユーザは、任意の範囲においても、葉ＬＦの水分の分布を把握することができる。 The image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 based on the detection result by the movement detection unit 70 and the calculation result by the water content calculation unit 112. As a result, when the user scans the detection region A1 on the leaf LF, a water content distribution image 230 showing the distribution of the water content of the leaf LF in the scanning range is generated. Therefore, even when the detection region A1 is smaller than the leaf LF region, by scanning the detection region A1 over the entire leaf LF, a water content distribution image 230 showing the water content distribution can be generated for the entire leaf LF. .. Therefore, the user can smoothly grasp the distribution of the water content of the entire leaf LF. Further, the user can grasp the distribution of water in the specific range by scanning the detection region A1 in the desired specific range on the leaf LF. In this way, the user can grasp the water distribution of the leaf LF even in an arbitrary range.
　加速度センサ７１の検知結果によれば、筐体１１の加速度を検知でき、ジャイロセンサ７２によれば、筐体１１の角速度を検知できる。したがって、加速度センサ７１とジャイロセンサ７２とを含む移動検知部７０は、検知領域Ａ１の移動速度と移動方向を検知でき、これにより、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置を適正に算出できる。よって、画像生成部１１３は、検知領域Ａ１の移動位置と、当該移動位置における水分量算出部１１２による算出結果とを適正に対応付けることができ、水分量分布画像２３０を精度よく生成できる。 According to the detection result of the acceleration sensor 71, the acceleration of the housing 11 can be detected, and according to the gyro sensor 72, the angular velocity of the housing 11 can be detected. Therefore, the movement detection unit 70 including the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 can detect the movement speed and the movement direction of the detection area A1, and thereby can appropriately calculate the movement position of the detection area A1. Therefore, the image generation unit 113 can appropriately associate the moving position of the detection region A1 with the calculation result by the water content calculation unit 112 at the moving position, and can accurately generate the water content distribution image 230.
　投光部３０は、水による吸収が低い波長の参照光を照明領域Ａ２に投射し、画像生成部１１３は、葉ＬＦで反射された参照光に基づく光検出器４１の検出信号に基づいて、葉ＬＦ上における参照光の照射範囲を特定する。具体的には、画像生成部１１３は、図７（ａ）に示したような実画像２１０の輪郭画像２１１を生成する。そして、画像生成部１１３は、特定した照射範囲に水分量算出部１１２による水分量の算出結果をマッピングすることにより、水分量分布画像２３０を生成する。具体的には、画像生成部１１３は、輪郭画像２１１に水分量の分布を示す濃淡画像２２０を重ねて水分量分布画像２３０を生成する。 The light projecting unit 30 projects a reference light having a wavelength low absorption by water onto the illumination region A2, and the image generating unit 113 is based on the detection signal of the photodetector 41 based on the reference light reflected by the leaf LF. The range of reference light irradiation on the leaf LF is specified. Specifically, the image generation unit 113 generates the contour image 211 of the real image 210 as shown in FIG. 7A. Then, the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 by mapping the calculation result of the water content by the water content calculation unit 112 to the specified irradiation range. Specifically, the image generation unit 113 generates the water content distribution image 230 by superimposing the shading image 220 showing the water content distribution on the contour image 211.
　こうすると、参照光は、水による吸収が低いため、葉ＬＦで反射された参照光の強度は、葉ＬＦ上の位置にかかわらずほぼ一定となる。このため、参照光に基づく光検出器４１の検出信号に基づいて、葉ＬＦの内側と外側の境界を画定できる。よって、画定された葉ＬＦの内側の範囲、すなわち、葉ＬＦ上における参照光の照射範囲に、水分量算出部１１２による水分量の算出結果をマッピングすることにより、葉ＬＦ上の水分量の分布を反映した水分量分布画像２３０を円滑に生成することができる。 In this case, since the reference light is less absorbed by water, the intensity of the reference light reflected by the leaf LF is almost constant regardless of the position on the leaf LF. Therefore, the inner and outer boundaries of the leaf LF can be defined based on the detection signal of the photodetector 41 based on the reference light. Therefore, by mapping the calculation result of the water content by the water content calculation unit 112 to the inner range of the defined leaf LF, that is, the irradiation range of the reference light on the leaf LF, the distribution of the water content on the leaf LF The water content distribution image 230 reflecting the above can be smoothly generated.
　光検出器４１は、赤外の波長帯に検出感度を有し、参照光は、光検出器４１で検出可能で、且つ、光検出器４１の検出感度の波長帯の下限付近に設定されている。これにより、可視のガイド光を遮断するためのフィルタを配置することなく、共通の光検出器４１により検出光と参照光の両方を適正に検出することができる。 The photodetector 41 has a detection sensitivity in the wavelength band of infrared rays, and the reference light can be detected by the photodetector 41 and is set near the lower limit of the wavelength band of the detection sensitivity of the photodetector 41. There is. As a result, both the detection light and the reference light can be appropriately detected by the common photodetector 41 without arranging a filter for blocking the visible guide light.
　放射温度センサ６１は、検知領域Ａ１の近傍の温度を測定し、測定した温度に基づく検出信号を出力する。制御部１１０は、放射温度センサ６１の測定結果に基づいて、葉ＬＦ全体の温度を算出し、図７（ｃ）に示したように、算出した温度を表示部２１に表示する。葉ＬＦは光合成活動により蒸散を行い、蒸散が行われることにより葉ＬＦの温度が低下する。したがって、ユーザは、表示部２１に表示された葉ＬＦの温度を参照することにより、葉ＬＦの蒸散作用の状態を把握できる。これにより、ユーザは、たとえば、蒸散作用が低い葉ＬＦを備える株に対して肥料を与えるか否かの判断や、病原菌の発生により葉ＬＦが弱っているか否かのチェックなどを行うことができる。また、ユーザは、葉ＬＦの温度を時間軸で取得することにより、実際に光合成活動が行われたエネルギーを算出することもできる。 The radiation temperature sensor 61 measures the temperature in the vicinity of the detection area A1 and outputs a detection signal based on the measured temperature. The control unit 110 calculates the temperature of the entire leaf LF based on the measurement result of the radiation temperature sensor 61, and displays the calculated temperature on the display unit 21 as shown in FIG. 7 (c). The leaf LF evaporates by photosynthetic activity, and the temperature of the leaf LF decreases due to the transpiration. Therefore, the user can grasp the state of the transpiration action of the leaf LF by referring to the temperature of the leaf LF displayed on the display unit 21. As a result, the user can, for example, determine whether or not to give fertilizer to the strain having the leaf LF having a low transpiration effect, and check whether or not the leaf LF is weakened due to the outbreak of pathogens. .. The user can also calculate the energy at which the photosynthetic activity was actually performed by acquiring the temperature of the leaf LF on the time axis.
　＜実施形態２＞
　実施形態１では、ガイド光が収束光であり、ガイド光が収束する点状の検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光が、正方形形状の光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａにより受光された。実施形態２では、シート状の２つのガイド光が葉ＬＦに照射され、２つのガイド光が交わるＸ軸方向に延びた線状の検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光が、Ｘ軸方向に延びた光検出器４３の受光領域４３ａ（図９（ｃ）参照）により受光される。以下、主として、実施形態１と異なる構成について説明する。 <Embodiment 2>
In the first embodiment, the guide light is convergent light, and the detection light and the reference light reflected by the point-shaped detection region A1 where the guide light converges are received by the light receiving region 41a of the square-shaped photodetector 41. .. In the second embodiment, the leaf LF is irradiated with the two sheet-shaped guide lights, and the detection light and the reference light reflected in the linear detection region A1 extending in the X-axis direction where the two guide lights intersect are the X-axis. Light is received by the light receiving region 43a (see FIG. 9C) of the photodetector 43 extending in the direction. Hereinafter, a configuration different from that of the first embodiment will be mainly described.
　図８は、実施形態２の水分検知装置１の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。 FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the second embodiment.
　ユーザによりボタン１３が押されると、実施形態１と同様、検出光および参照光が、透過窓１１ａからＺ軸正方向に所定の時間間隔で交互に出射され、葉ＬＦの表面に照射される。また、ボタン１３が押されると、実施形態２では、透過窓１１ａから、２つのガイド光が葉ＬＦの表面に照射される。２つのガイド光の光束は、いずれも、Ｙ軸方向に狭い幅を有し、Ｘ軸方向に拡散する形状を有する。 When the button 13 is pressed by the user, the detection light and the reference light are alternately emitted from the transmission window 11a in the positive direction of the Z axis at predetermined time intervals to irradiate the surface of the leaf LF, as in the first embodiment. Further, when the button 13 is pressed, in the second embodiment, the surface of the leaf LF is irradiated with two guide lights from the transmission window 11a. The luminous fluxes of the two guide lights both have a narrow width in the Y-axis direction and have a shape of diffusing in the X-axis direction.
　ユーザは、葉ＬＦに透過窓１１ａを対向させてボタン１３を押した後、葉ＬＦの表面において２つのガイド光が互いに重なって１本の線状の検知領域Ａ１が形成されるよう、ヘッド部１０と葉ＬＦとの距離を調節する。実施形態２の検知領域Ａ１は、Ｙ軸方向の幅が狭く、Ｘ軸方向の長さが一般的な葉ＬＦの横幅よりも長くなるよう設定される。照明領域Ａ２は、実施形態１と同様である。ガイド光、検出光、および参照光を投射する投光部３０（図５参照）は、線状の検知領域Ａ１が照明領域Ａ２に含まれるように構成される。 After pressing the button 13 with the transmission window 11a facing the leaf LF, the user head portion so that the two guide lights overlap each other on the surface of the leaf LF to form one linear detection region A1. Adjust the distance between 10 and the leaf LF. The detection region A1 of the second embodiment is set so that the width in the Y-axis direction is narrow and the length in the X-axis direction is longer than the width of a general leaf LF. The illumination area A2 is the same as that of the first embodiment. The light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the guide light, the detection light, and the reference light is configured so that the linear detection area A1 is included in the illumination area A2.
　図９（ａ）、（ｂ）は、葉ＬＦをＺ軸正方向に見た場合の模式図である。 9 (a) and 9 (b) are schematic views of the leaf LF when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
　ユーザは、図９（ａ）に示すように、葉ＬＦの表面において２つのガイド光が互いに重なるよう、葉ＬＦと筐体１１とのＺ軸方向（奥行き方向）の距離を調節する。続いて、ユーザは、図９（ｂ）に示すように、葉ＬＦと筐体１１との距離を変えずに、２つのガイド光の重なる領域（検知領域Ａ１）がＹ軸方向に動くように筐体１１を移動させる。ユーザは、葉ＬＦの全体範囲の水分量を計測する場合、たとえば、図９（ｂ）に示すように、２つのガイド光の重なる領域（検知領域Ａ１）を葉ＬＦの全体範囲を網羅するように動かす。 As shown in FIG. 9A, the user adjusts the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11 in the Z-axis direction (depth direction) so that the two guide lights overlap each other on the surface of the leaf LF. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9B, the user causes the overlapping region (detection region A1) of the two guide lights to move in the Y-axis direction without changing the distance between the leaf LF and the housing 11. The housing 11 is moved. When measuring the water content in the entire range of the leaf LF, for example, as shown in FIG. 9B, the user covers the entire range of the leaf LF with the overlapping region (detection region A1) of the two guide lights. Move to.
　図８に戻り、実施形態２では、線状の検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光は、透過窓１１ａを透過し、筐体１１内の受光部４０（図５参照）により受光される。受光部４０は、受光した検出光および参照光の強度に応じて検出信号を出力する。そして、制御装置２０の制御部１１０（図５参照）は、水分量分布画像２３０（図７（ｂ）参照）を生成し、図７（ｃ）に示したように、生成した水分量分布画像２３０等を表示部２１に表示する。 Returning to FIG. 8, in the second embodiment, the detection light and the reference light reflected by the linear detection region A1 pass through the transmission window 11a and are received by the light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) in the housing 11. To. The light receiving unit 40 outputs a detection signal according to the intensity of the received detection light and the reference light. Then, the control unit 110 (see FIG. 5) of the control device 20 generates a water content distribution image 230 (see FIG. 7 (b)), and as shown in FIG. 7 (c), the generated water content distribution image. 230 and the like are displayed on the display unit 21.
　次に、図９（ｃ）～図１０（ｄ）を参照して、筐体１１内に配置された各部の構成について説明する。 Next, the configuration of each part arranged in the housing 11 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 (c) to 10 (d).
　図９（ｃ）は、ヘッド部１０の透過窓１１ａをＺ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。 FIG. 9C is a schematic view of the transmission window 11a of the head portion 10 when viewed in the negative direction of the Z axis.
　透過窓１１ａのＺ軸負側に、複数の光源３１と、複数の光源３２と、２つの光源３３と、２つのコリメータレンズ３５と、２つの光学素子３６と、光検出器４３と、集光レンズ４４と、放射温度センサ６１とが、筐体１１に配置されている。 On the negative side of the Z-axis of the transmission window 11a, a plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, two light sources 33, two collimator lenses 35, two optical elements 36, a photodetector 43, and light collection. The lens 44 and the radiation temperature sensor 61 are arranged in the housing 11.
　光源３１、３２、３３と、コリメータレンズ３５と、光学素子３６とは、検出光と、参照光と、ガイド光とを外部に向けて投射する投光部３０（図５参照）を構成する。光検出器４３と集光レンズ４４は、葉ＬＦを経由した検出光および参照光を受光する受光部４０（図５参照）を構成する。投光部３０と受光部４０は、筐体１１の内部に配置されている。なお、投光部３０は、必ずしもその全てが筐体１１内に配置されなくてもよく、たとえば、投光部３０の一部が外部に露出するように筐体１１の外側面に配置されてもよい。 The light sources 31, 32, 33, the collimator lens 35, and the optical element 36 constitute a light projecting unit 30 (see FIG. 5) that projects the detection light, the reference light, and the guide light toward the outside. The photodetector 43 and the condenser lens 44 constitute a light receiving unit 40 (see FIG. 5) that receives the detection light and the reference light that have passed through the leaf LF. The light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged inside the housing 11. It should be noted that the light projecting unit 30 does not necessarily have to be all arranged in the housing 11, and for example, the light projecting unit 30 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 11 so that a part of the light projecting unit 30 is exposed to the outside. May be good.
　Ｙ軸正側の光源３３は、ガイド光をＺ軸正方向からＹ軸負方向に僅かに傾いた方向に出射し、Ｙ軸負側の光源３３は、ガイド光をＺ軸正方向からＹ軸正方向に僅かに傾いた方向に出射する。コリメータレンズ３５は、光源３３のＺ軸正側に配置されており、光学素子３６は、コリメータレンズ３５のＺ軸正側に配置されている。コリメータレンズ３５と光学素子３６は、対応する光源３３と同様、僅かに傾いた状態で配置されている。光検出器４３は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面において、光源３１、３２とＹ軸正側の光源３３との間に配置されている。集光レンズ４４は、光検出器４３のＺ軸正側に配置されている。 The light source 33 on the positive side of the Y-axis emits the guide light in a direction slightly inclined from the positive direction of the Z-axis to the negative direction of the Y-axis, and the light source 33 on the negative side of the Y-axis emits the guide light from the positive direction of the Z-axis to the Y-axis. It emits in a direction slightly tilted in the positive direction. The collimator lens 35 is arranged on the Z-axis positive side of the light source 33, and the optical element 36 is arranged on the Z-axis positive side of the collimator lens 35. The collimator lens 35 and the optical element 36 are arranged in a slightly tilted state like the corresponding light source 33. The photodetector 43 is arranged between the light sources 31 and 32 and the light source 33 on the positive side of the Y axis in the XY plane. The condenser lens 44 is arranged on the positive side of the Z axis of the photodetector 43.
　図１０（ａ）は、検知領域Ａ１に対してガイド光を投射する構成をＹ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。図１０（ｂ）は、光学素子３６の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。 FIG. 10A is a schematic view of a configuration in which the guide light is projected onto the detection region A1 when viewed in the negative direction of the Y-axis. FIG. 10B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the optical element 36.
　図１０（ａ）に示すように、コリメータレンズ３５は、光源３３から出射されたガイド光を平行光に変換する。光学素子３６は、コリメータレンズ３５により平行光に変換されたガイド光を、Ｘ軸方向に拡散させる。図１０（ｂ）に示すように、光学素子３６のＺ軸負側には、傾きの異なる２つの入射面３６ａ、３６ｂが形成されている。ガイド光は、２つの入射面３６ａ、３６ｂに対してＺ軸負側から均等に入射する。図１０（ａ）に示すように、入射面３６ａに入射したガイド光は、Ｘ軸正方向に進行方向が曲げられ、Ｚ軸正側の出射面３６ｃから出射される。一方、入射面３６ｂに入射したガイド光は、Ｘ軸負方向に進行方向が曲げられ、Ｚ軸正側の出射面３６ｃから出射される。 As shown in FIG. 10A, the collimator lens 35 converts the guide light emitted from the light source 33 into parallel light. The optical element 36 diffuses the guide light converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 35 in the X-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 10B, two incident surfaces 36a and 36b having different inclinations are formed on the negative side of the Z-axis of the optical element 36. The guide light is evenly incident on the two incident surfaces 36a and 36b from the negative side of the Z axis. As shown in FIG. 10A, the guide light incident on the incident surface 36a is bent in the positive direction of the X-axis and is emitted from the exit surface 36c on the positive side of the Z-axis. On the other hand, the guide light incident on the incident surface 36b is bent in the negative direction of the X-axis and is emitted from the exit surface 36c on the positive side of the Z-axis.
　こうして、透過窓１１ａ（図８参照）から出射されたガイド光は、シート状になって検知領域Ａ１へと向かう。なお、実際には、光源３３、コリメータレンズ３５、および光学素子３６は、図８に示すように２つのガイド光の進行方向が互いに近づくように、僅かに傾いた状態で筐体１１に設置される。 In this way, the guide light emitted from the transmission window 11a (see FIG. 8) becomes a sheet and heads toward the detection area A1. Actually, the light source 33, the collimator lens 35, and the optical element 36 are installed in the housing 11 in a slightly tilted state so that the traveling directions of the two guide lights approach each other as shown in FIG. The lens.
　図１０（ｃ）、（ｄ）は、検知領域Ａ１において葉ＬＦで反射された検出光および参照光の反射光を受光する構成を、それぞれＹ軸負方向およびＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。図１０（ｃ）、（ｄ）には、検知領域Ａ１から生じた検出光および参照光が、光検出器４３の受光領域４３ａでどのように結像するかが一点鎖線で示されている。 10 (c) and 10 (d) show a configuration in which the detection light reflected by the leaf LF and the reflected light of the reference light are received in the detection region A1 in the negative Y-axis direction and the negative X-axis direction, respectively. It is a schematic diagram. In FIGS. 10 (c) and 10 (d), how the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 are imaged in the light receiving region 43a of the photodetector 43 is shown by a alternate long and short dash line.
　光検出器４３は、Ｘ軸方向に光センサが並んだラインセンサである。光検出器４３の検出感度は、実施形態１と同様である。光検出器４３は、葉ＬＦの検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光を受光領域４３ａで受光し、Ｘ軸方向の受光位置ごとに、受光した光量に基づく電気信号を出力する。集光レンズ４４は、葉ＬＦの検知領域Ａ１から生じる検出光および参照光を集光して、光検出器４３の受光領域４３ａに結像させるよう構成される。このため、検知領域Ａ１以外の照明領域Ａ２において反射された検出光および参照光は、受光領域４３ａには集光されず、線状の検知領域Ａ１において反射された検出光および参照光のみが、受光領域４３ａに集光される。 The photodetector 43 is a line sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in the X-axis direction. The detection sensitivity of the photodetector 43 is the same as that of the first embodiment. The photodetector 43 receives the detection light and the reference light reflected in the detection region A1 of the leaf LF in the light receiving region 43a, and outputs an electric signal based on the amount of light received at each light receiving position in the X-axis direction. The condenser lens 44 is configured to collect the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 of the leaf LF and form an image on the light receiving region 43a of the photodetector 43. Therefore, the detection light and the reference light reflected in the illumination area A2 other than the detection area A1 are not focused on the light receiving area 43a, and only the detection light and the reference light reflected in the linear detection area A1 are present. The light is focused on the light receiving region 43a.
　また、実施形態２の構成では、光検出器４３の受光領域４３ａを像面とした場合に、集光レンズ４４によって物面が形成される検知領域Ａ１を識別可能となるよう、２つのガイド光が検知領域Ａ１において重なるように照射されている。これにより、ユーザは、２つのガイド光の照射状態を参照することにより、筐体１１と葉ＬＦとの距離を、検出光を適正に光検出器４３に結像させ得る距離に調節できる。 Further, in the configuration of the second embodiment, when the light receiving region 43a of the photodetector 43 is used as the image plane, the two guide lights can be identified so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed by the condenser lens 44 can be identified. Are irradiated so as to overlap in the detection area A1. Thereby, the user can adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF to a distance at which the detected light can be appropriately imaged on the photodetector 43 by referring to the irradiation states of the two guide lights.
　実施形態２において、制御部１１０は、検出光に基づく検出信号と、参照光に基づく検出信号とを、ラインセンサである光検出器４３の各光センサに対応する検知領域Ａ１上の位置ごとに、それぞれ同時に取得する。また、制御部１１０は、図６のステップＳ１４～Ｓ１７において、検出光と参照光の切替周期ごとに、加速度センサ７１およびジャイロセンサ７２からの検出信号と、光検出器４３の各光センサから出力された検出光および参照光の検出信号とを対応付けて記憶部１２０に記憶させる。そして、制御部１１０は、ボタン１３がオフ状態に切り替わった場合に、図６のステップＳ２０において、記憶部１２０に記憶された加速度センサ７１およびジャイロセンサ７２の各検出信号に基づいて、光検出器４３の各光センサに対応する検知領域Ａ１上の位置を検出する。その後、制御部１１０は、上記実施形態１と同様、ステップＳ２０、Ｓ２１により、水分量分布画像２３０を生成し、生成した水分量分布画像２３０を、ステップＳ２２において表示部２１に表示させる。 In the second embodiment, the control unit 110 transmits a detection signal based on the detection light and a detection signal based on the reference light for each position on the detection region A1 corresponding to each optical sensor of the photodetector 43 which is a line sensor. , Get each at the same time. Further, in steps S14 to S17 of FIG. 6, the control unit 110 outputs the detection signals from the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 and each optical sensor of the photodetector 43 for each switching cycle of the detection light and the reference light. The detected detection light and the detection signal of the reference light are associated with each other and stored in the storage unit 120. Then, when the button 13 is switched to the off state, the control unit 110 is a photodetector based on the detection signals of the acceleration sensor 71 and the gyro sensor 72 stored in the storage unit 120 in step S20 of FIG. The position on the detection area A1 corresponding to each of the 43 optical sensors is detected. After that, the control unit 110 generates the water content distribution image 230 in steps S20 and S21 as in the first embodiment, and displays the generated water content distribution image 230 on the display unit 21 in step S22.
　＜実施形態２の効果＞
　以上、実施形態２によれば、以下の効果が奏される。 <Effect of Embodiment 2>
As described above, according to the second embodiment, the following effects are achieved.
　実施形態２おいても、実施形態１と同様、検出光を葉ＬＦに照射することにより、葉ＬＦの水分量を算出できる。これにより、計測時に葉ＬＦを破壊することなく、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量を取得することができる。 In the second embodiment as well, the water content of the leaf LF can be calculated by irradiating the leaf LF with the detection light as in the first embodiment. As a result, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be obtained without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement.
　光検出器４３は、ラインセンサであり、検知領域Ａ１は、光検出器４３（ラインセンサ）の受光領域４３ａに対応する線状の領域である。これにより、線状の検知領域Ａ１において一度に葉ＬＦの水分量を計測できる。また、実施形態２では、図９（ｂ）に示すように、Ｘ軸方向に線状に延びた検知領域Ａ１からの検出光および参照光の検出信号が一度に取得されるため、実施形態１において点状の検知領域Ａ１をＸ軸方向に走査させて取得される検出信号と同等の検出信号を一度に取得可能である。よって、実施形態２では、より円滑に水分量の計測が可能である。 The photodetector 43 is a line sensor, and the detection area A1 is a linear area corresponding to the light receiving area 43a of the photodetector 43 (line sensor). As a result, the water content of the leaf LF can be measured at one time in the linear detection region A1. Further, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9B, the detection signals of the detection light and the reference light extending linearly in the X-axis direction from the detection region A1 are acquired at once, and therefore, the first embodiment 1 It is possible to acquire a detection signal equivalent to the detection signal acquired by scanning the point-shaped detection region A1 in the X-axis direction at one time. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the water content can be measured more smoothly.
　線状の検知領域Ａ１には、可視の２つのガイド光が照射される。これにより、ユーザは、ガイド光の照射位置を参照することにより、葉ＬＦ上の検知領域Ａ１、すなわち、ユーザ自身が水分量を計測しようとする領域を把握できる。よって、葉ＬＦに対する水分量の検出を円滑に進めることができる。また、２つのガイド光はシート状であり、検知領域Ａ１は、２つのガイド光が互いに重なったときのガイド光の領域である。これにより、ユーザは、水分量を計測したい葉ＬＦの対象部分を、奥行き方向（Ｚ軸方向）において２つのガイド光が重なる位置に位置付ければよいことを視覚的に把握できる。 The linear detection area A1 is irradiated with two visible guide lights. Thereby, the user can grasp the detection area A1 on the leaf LF, that is, the area where the user himself / herself intends to measure the water content by referring to the irradiation position of the guide light. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly detect the water content of the leaf LF. Further, the two guide lights have a sheet shape, and the detection region A1 is a region of the guide light when the two guide lights overlap each other. As a result, the user can visually grasp that the target portion of the leaf LF for which the water content is to be measured should be positioned at a position where the two guide lights overlap in the depth direction (Z-axis direction).
　＜実施形態３＞
　実施形態１、２では、検知領域Ａ１で反射された検出光および参照光が、筐体１１に配置された光検出器４１、４３により受光されたが、実施形態３では、検知領域Ａ１を透過した検出光および参照光が、筐体１１に配置された光検出器４５（図１２参照）により受光される。以下、主として、実施形態１と異なる構成について説明する。 <Embodiment 3>
In the first and second embodiments, the detection light and the reference light reflected by the detection region A1 are received by the photodetectors 41 and 43 arranged in the housing 11, but in the third embodiment, they are transmitted through the detection region A1. The detected light and the reference light are received by the photodetector 45 (see FIG. 12) arranged in the housing 11. Hereinafter, a configuration different from that of the first embodiment will be mainly described.
　図１１（ａ）は、実施形態３の水分検知装置１の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。図１１（ｂ）は、筐体１１内に配置された複数の光源３１、３２とディフューザー３７とをＺ軸正方向に見た場合の模式図である。 FIG. 11A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the third embodiment. FIG. 11B is a schematic view of a plurality of light sources 31 and 32 arranged in the housing 11 and a diffuser 37 when viewed in the positive direction of the Z axis.
　図１１（ａ）に示すように、ヘッド部１０の筐体１１は、実施形態１と同様、把手して持ち運び可能に構成される。実施形態３の筐体１１には、Ｚ軸方向の中間位置に、Ｚ軸方向に所定の幅を有しＸ－Ｙ平面に広がった凹部１１ｂが形成されている。図１１（ｂ）に示すように、凹部１１ｂのＺ軸正側に、複数の光源３１、３２とディフューザー３７とが、筐体１１に配置されている。複数の光源３１、３２は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面内にマトリクス状に配置されている。ディフューザー３７は、複数の光源３１、３２のＺ軸負側に配置されており、複数の光源３１から出射された検出光および複数の光源３２から出射された参照光を、葉ＬＦに均一に照射させる。 As shown in FIG. 11A, the housing 11 of the head portion 10 is configured to be handleable and portable as in the first embodiment. The housing 11 of the third embodiment is formed with a recess 11b having a predetermined width in the Z-axis direction and extending in an XY plane at an intermediate position in the Z-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 11B, a plurality of light sources 31 and 32 and a diffuser 37 are arranged in the housing 11 on the Z-axis positive side of the recess 11b. The plurality of light sources 31 and 32 are arranged in a matrix in the XY plane. The diffuser 37 is arranged on the negative side of the Z axis of the plurality of light sources 31 and 32, and uniformly irradiates the leaf LF with the detection light emitted from the plurality of light sources 31 and the reference light emitted from the plurality of light sources 32. Let me.
　ユーザは、凹部１１ｂに被検体である葉ＬＦを収容させ、ボタン１３を押す。これにより、複数の光源３１、３２から出射された検出光および参照光が、凹部１１ｂのＺ軸正側に位置する出射端面１１ｃからＺ軸負方向に出射され、凹部１１ｂに収容された葉ＬＦの全体範囲に照射される。葉ＬＦに照射された検出光および参照光は、葉ＬＦを透過して、凹部１１ｂのＺ軸負側に位置する入射端面１１ｄから筐体１１内へと導かれる。入射端面１１ｄから筐体１１内へと導かれた検出光および参照光は、筐体１１内に配置された光検出器４５（図１２参照）により受光される。 The user accommodates the leaf LF as the subject in the recess 11b and presses the button 13. As a result, the detection light and the reference light emitted from the plurality of light sources 31 and 32 are emitted in the negative direction of the Z axis from the emission end face 11c located on the positive side of the Z axis of the recess 11b, and the leaf LF housed in the recess 11b. The entire area of is irradiated. The detection light and the reference light irradiated to the leaf LF pass through the leaf LF and are guided into the housing 11 from the incident end surface 11d located on the negative side of the Z axis of the recess 11b. The detection light and the reference light guided from the incident end surface 11d into the housing 11 are received by the photodetector 45 (see FIG. 12) arranged in the housing 11.
　図１２は、実施形態３の水分検知装置１の構成を示すブロック図である。図１２には、水分検知装置１の各部とともに、凹部１１ｂに収容された葉ＬＦに検出光および参照光が照射され、照射された検出光および参照光が葉ＬＦを透過して光検出器４５の受光領域４５ａで受光されることが示されている。 FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 of the third embodiment. In FIG. 12, the leaf LF housed in the recess 11b is irradiated with the detection light and the reference light together with each part of the moisture detection device 1, and the irradiated detection light and the reference light pass through the leaf LF and the photodetector 45. It is shown that light is received in the light receiving region 45a of.
　水分検知装置１のヘッド部１０は、複数の光源３１と、複数の光源３１に対して接続される駆動部５１と、複数の光源３２と、複数の光源３２に接続される駆動部５２と、ディフューザー３７と、光検出器４５と、光検出器４５に接続される信号処理部５４と、ボタン１３と、通信インタフェース８０と、を備える。 The head portion 10 of the moisture detection device 1 includes a plurality of light sources 31, a drive unit 51 connected to the plurality of light sources 31, a plurality of light sources 32, and a drive unit 52 connected to the plurality of light sources 32. It includes a diffuser 37, a photodetector 45, a signal processing unit 54 connected to the photodetector 45, a button 13, and a communication interface 80.
　光源３１、３２とディフューザー３７は、検出光および参照光を外部に向けて投射する投光部３０を構成する。光検出器４５は、葉ＬＦを経由した検出光および参照光を受光する受光部４０を構成する。投光部３０と受光部４０は、筐体１１の内部に配置されている。なお、投光部３０は、必ずしもその全てが筐体１１内に配置されなくてもよく、たとえば、投光部３０の一部が外部に露出するように筐体１１の外側面に配置されてもよい。 The light sources 31 and 32 and the diffuser 37 constitute a light projecting unit 30 that projects the detection light and the reference light toward the outside. The photodetector 45 constitutes a light receiving unit 40 that receives the detection light and the reference light that have passed through the leaf LF. The light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged inside the housing 11. It should be noted that not all of the light projecting unit 30 need to be arranged inside the housing 11, and for example, the light projecting unit 30 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 11 so that a part of the light projecting unit 30 is exposed to the outside. May be good.
　複数の光源３１、３２は、凹部１１ｂ内の照明領域Ａ２に対して、それぞれ検出光および参照光を投射する。照明領域Ａ２は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面内に広がった領域である。照明領域Ａ２に照射された検出光および参照光は、照明領域Ａ２内に配置された葉ＬＦを透過し、光検出器４５の受光領域４５ａで受光される。実施形態３では、検出光および参照光が照射される照明領域Ａ２と、光検出器４５の検知対象となる検知領域Ａ１とは、同じ領域である。光源３１、３２およびディフューザー３７は、一般的な葉ＬＦが凹部１１ｂ内に配置されたときに、検知領域Ａ１が葉ＬＦの全体範囲よりも広い範囲となるよう配置および構成される。図１１（ｂ）の構成によれば、検知領域Ａ１が長方形の形状となる。 The plurality of light sources 31 and 32 project the detection light and the reference light to the illumination region A2 in the recess 11b, respectively. The illumination area A2 is an area extended in the XY plane. The detection light and the reference light irradiated to the illumination area A2 pass through the leaf LF arranged in the illumination area A2 and are received by the light receiving area 45a of the photodetector 45. In the third embodiment, the illumination region A2 to which the detection light and the reference light are irradiated and the detection region A1 to be detected by the photodetector 45 are the same region. The light sources 31, 32 and the diffuser 37 are arranged and configured so that when the general leaf LF is arranged in the recess 11b, the detection region A1 is wider than the entire range of the leaf LF. According to the configuration of FIG. 11B, the detection area A1 has a rectangular shape.
　光検出器４５は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面内に光センサがマトリクス状に配置された面センサである。光検出器４５は、たとえば、ＣＣＤイメージセンサやＣＭＯＳイメージセンサである。光検出器４５の受光領域４５ａの大きさは、Ｘ－Ｙ平面において、検知領域Ａ１と同程度である。光検出器４５は、赤外の波長帯域のみに検出感度を有する。光検出器４５が、赤外のみならず可視光の波長帯域にも検出感度を有する場合、光検出器４５の前側（Ｚ軸正側）に、赤外の波長帯域の光のみを透過するフィルタが配置されればよい。 The photodetector 45 is a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix in an XY plane. The photodetector 45 is, for example, a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor. The size of the light receiving region 45a of the photodetector 45 is about the same as the detection region A1 in the XY plane. The photodetector 45 has detection sensitivity only in the infrared wavelength band. When the photodetector 45 has detection sensitivity not only in the infrared wavelength band but also in the visible light wavelength band, a filter that transmits only light in the infrared wavelength band to the front side (Z-axis positive side) of the photodetector 45. Should be placed.
　実施形態３の構成では、検知領域Ａ１が葉ＬＦの全範囲よりも広いため、水分量分布画像２３０を生成するために、ヘッド部１０を移動させる必要がない。このため、実施形態３では、移動検知部７０（加速度センサ７１とジャイロセンサ７２）が省略され得る。 In the configuration of the third embodiment, since the detection region A1 is wider than the entire range of the leaf LF, it is not necessary to move the head portion 10 in order to generate the water content distribution image 230. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the movement detection unit 70 (accelerometer 71 and gyro sensor 72) may be omitted.
　実施形態３では、光検出器４５上の各光センサ（画素）の位置が、検知領域Ａ１上の各位置に対応する。制御部１１０は、ボタン１３がオンに設定されている間に、光検出器４５上の各光センサ（画素）からの検出信号（検出光および参照光に基づく検出信号）を、１回または複数回、記憶部１２０に記憶させる。検出信号が１回だけ記憶される場合、制御部１１０の水分量算出部１１２は、画素位置ごとに、検出光に基づく検出信号から水分量を算出する。また、検出信号が複数回記憶される場合、制御部１１０の水分量算出部１１２は、画素位置ごとに、検出光に基づく検出信号の平均値から水分量を算出する。 In the third embodiment, the position of each optical sensor (pixel) on the photodetector 45 corresponds to each position on the detection area A1. While the button 13 is set to ON, the control unit 110 transmits one or more detection signals (detection signals based on the detection light and the reference light) from each optical sensor (pixel) on the photodetector 45. It is stored in the storage unit 120 times. When the detection signal is stored only once, the water content calculation unit 112 of the control unit 110 calculates the water content from the detection signal based on the detection light for each pixel position. When the detection signal is stored a plurality of times, the water content calculation unit 112 of the control unit 110 calculates the water content from the average value of the detection signals based on the detection light for each pixel position.
　そして、制御部１１０の画像生成部１１３は、各画素位置の参照光に基づく検出信号から葉ＬＦの輪郭画像２１１を生成し、生成した輪郭画像２１１に、各画素位置の水分量をマッピングして、水分量分布画像２３０を生成する。制御部１１０は、生成した水分量分布画像２３０を、表示部２１に表示させる。 Then, the image generation unit 113 of the control unit 110 generates the contour image 211 of the leaf LF from the detection signal based on the reference light at each pixel position, and maps the water content of each pixel position to the generated contour image 211. , Moisture distribution image 230 is generated. The control unit 110 causes the display unit 21 to display the generated water content distribution image 230.
　＜実施形態３の効果＞
　以上、実施形態３によれば、以下の効果が奏される。 <Effect of Embodiment 3>
As described above, according to the third embodiment, the following effects are achieved.
　実施形態３おいても、実施形態１と同様、検出光を葉ＬＦに照射することにより、葉ＬＦの水分量を算出できる。これにより、計測時に葉ＬＦを破壊することなく、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量を取得することができる。 Also in the third embodiment, the water content of the leaf LF can be calculated by irradiating the leaf LF with the detection light as in the first embodiment. As a result, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be obtained without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement.
　光検出器４５は、光センサがマトリクス状に配置された面センサであり、検知領域Ａ１は、光検出器４５（面センサ）の受光領域４５ａに対応する所定幅（面状）の領域である。これにより、所定幅の検知領域Ａ１において一度に葉ＬＦの水分量を計測できる。また、実施形態３では、一般的な葉ＬＦの全範囲を覆う検知領域Ａ１からの検出光および参照光の検出信号が一度に取得されるため、実施形態１、２のように葉ＬＦの一部に対応する検知領域Ａ１を走査させて取得される検出信号と同等の検出信号を一度に取得可能である。よって、実施形態３では、さらに円滑に水分量の計測が可能である。 The photodetector 45 is a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix, and the detection area A1 is an area having a predetermined width (plane) corresponding to the light receiving area 45a of the photodetector 45 (surface sensor). .. As a result, the water content of the leaf LF can be measured at one time in the detection region A1 having a predetermined width. Further, in the third embodiment, since the detection signals of the detection light and the reference light from the detection region A1 covering the entire range of the general leaf LF are acquired at once, one of the leaf LFs as in the first and second embodiments. It is possible to acquire a detection signal equivalent to the detection signal acquired by scanning the detection area A1 corresponding to the unit at a time. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the water content can be measured more smoothly.
　＜変更例＞
　水分検知装置１の構成は、上記実施形態１～３に示した構成以外に、種々の変更が可能である。 <Change example>
The configuration of the moisture detection device 1 can be changed in various ways in addition to the configurations shown in the first to third embodiments.
　たとえば、上記実施形態１～３では、検出光の波長は、１４５０ｎｍの波長付近に設定されたが、９８０ｎｍや１９４０ｎｍの波長付近に設定されてもよい。図４に示したように、光に対する水の吸収係数は、９８０ｎｍや１９４０ｎｍの波長においてもピーク状に高くなる。したがって、検出光の波長をこれらの波長付近に設定した場合も、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量に応じて検出光の光量を顕著に大きくに変化させることができる。 For example, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the wavelength of the detected light is set near the wavelength of 1450 nm, but it may be set near the wavelength of 980 nm or 1940 nm. As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption coefficient of water with respect to light increases in a peak shape even at wavelengths of 980 nm and 1940 nm. Therefore, even when the wavelength of the detection light is set in the vicinity of these wavelengths, the amount of light of the detection light can be remarkably changed according to the amount of water contained in the leaf LF.
　なお、検出光の波長が近赤外光の波長帯において小さく設定される場合（たとえば波長が９８０ｎｍに設定される場合）、参照光との波長の差が小さくなるため、光検出器４１、４３、４５の検出感度を比較的狭く設定できる。一方、検出光の波長が近赤外光の波長帯において大きく設定される場合（たとえば波長が１９４０ｎｍに設定される場合）、水の吸収係数が大きくなるため、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量に応じて検出光の光量を顕著に大きく変化させることができる。 When the wavelength of the detection light is set small in the wavelength band of the near infrared light (for example, when the wavelength is set to 980 nm), the difference in wavelength from the reference light becomes small, so that the photodetectors 41 and 43 , 45 can be set to a relatively narrow detection sensitivity. On the other hand, when the wavelength of the detected light is set large in the wavelength band of the near infrared light (for example, when the wavelength is set to 1940 nm), the water absorption coefficient becomes large, so that it depends on the amount of water contained in the leaf LF. Therefore, the amount of detected light can be significantly changed.
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、参照光の波長は、９００ｎｍの波長付近に設定されたが、水による吸収が低い他の波長でもよい。たとえば、参照光は、近赤外光に限らず、波長４００ｎｍ～７５０ｎｍの可視光でもよく、波長４００ｎｍ以下の紫外光でもよい。参照光が可視光や紫外光とされる場合、参照光を受光する光検出器４１、４３、４５は、可視光や紫外光である参照光の波長帯にも検出感度を有するように構成される。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the wavelength of the reference light is set to around 900 nm, but other wavelengths with low absorption by water may be used. For example, the reference light is not limited to near-infrared light, but may be visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm, or ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less. When the reference light is visible light or ultraviolet light, the light detectors 41, 43, and 45 that receive the reference light are configured to have detection sensitivity also in the wavelength band of the reference light that is visible light or ultraviolet light. To.
　なお、実施形態１、２において、参照光が可視光とされる場合、参照光の波長帯は、ガイド光の波長帯と重ならないように設定される。そして、光検出器４１、４３の前段に、ガイド光の波長帯の光を遮断し、検出光および参照光を透過させるためのフィルタが配置される。これにより、水分量の算出に不要なガイド光が迷光となって光検出器４１、４３に入射することを防止できる。 In the first and second embodiments, when the reference light is visible light, the wavelength band of the reference light is set so as not to overlap with the wavelength band of the guide light. Then, a filter for blocking light in the wavelength band of the guide light and transmitting the detection light and the reference light is arranged in front of the photodetectors 41 and 43. As a result, it is possible to prevent the guide light, which is unnecessary for calculating the water content, from becoming stray light and entering the photodetectors 41 and 43.
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、検出光および参照光は、１つの光検出器により受光されたが、別々の光検出器により受光されてもよい。この場合、筐体１１内に取り込まれた検出光および参照光は、たとえば、ダイクロイックミラーにより光路が分離され、別々の光検出器に導かれる。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the detection light and the reference light are received by one photodetector, but may be received by different photodetectors. In this case, the detection light and the reference light captured in the housing 11 are guided to separate photodetectors by separating the optical paths by, for example, a dichroic mirror.
　また、上記実施形態１では、ガイド光が点状の検知領域Ａ１に収束され、上記実施形態２では、シート状の２つのガイド光が線上の検知領域Ａ１において互いに重ねられた。しかしながら、筐体１１と葉ＬＦとの間の距離を調節する必要がない場合には、上記実施形態１において、ガイド光は平行光として葉ＬＦに照射されてもよく、上記実施形態２において、シート状の１つのガイド光が葉ＬＦに照射されてもよい。この場合も、ユーザは、葉ＬＦ上のどの位置が水分量の計測対象となっているかを視覚的に確認できる。 Further, in the first embodiment, the guide light is converged on the point-shaped detection region A1, and in the second embodiment, the two sheet-shaped guide lights are overlapped with each other in the detection region A1 on the line. However, when it is not necessary to adjust the distance between the housing 11 and the leaf LF, in the first embodiment, the guide light may be applied to the leaf LF as parallel light, and in the second embodiment, the guide light may be irradiated to the leaf LF. The leaf LF may be irradiated with one sheet-shaped guide light. In this case as well, the user can visually confirm which position on the leaf LF is the target for measuring the water content.
　また、上記実施形態２では、検知領域Ａ１は、Ｘ軸方向において一般的な葉ＬＦの横幅よりも長くなるよう設定されたが、これに限らず、Ｘ軸方向において一般的な葉ＬＦの横幅よりも短くなるよう設定されてもよい。この場合も、ユーザは、検知領域Ａ１がＹ軸方向だけでなくＸ軸方向にも移動するよう筐体１１を動かすことにより、葉ＬＦ全体の水分量を計測できる。また、上記実施形態３では、検知領域Ａ１は、Ｘ－Ｙ平面内において一般的な葉ＬＦの全体範囲よりも広くなるよう設定されたが、これに限らず、Ｘ－Ｙ平面内において一般的な葉ＬＦの全体範囲よりも小さくなるよう設定されてもよい。この場合も、ユーザは、検知領域Ａ１がＸ軸方向およびＹ軸方向に移動するよう筐体１１を動かすことにより、葉ＬＦ全体の水分量を計測できる。 Further, in the second embodiment, the detection region A1 is set to be longer than the width of the general leaf LF in the X-axis direction, but the width is not limited to this, and the width of the general leaf LF in the X-axis direction is not limited to this. May be set to be shorter than. In this case as well, the user can measure the water content of the entire leaf LF by moving the housing 11 so that the detection region A1 moves not only in the Y-axis direction but also in the X-axis direction. Further, in the third embodiment, the detection region A1 is set to be wider than the entire range of the general leaf LF in the XY plane, but is not limited to this, and is generally in the XY plane. It may be set to be smaller than the entire range of leaf LF. In this case as well, the user can measure the water content of the entire leaf LF by moving the housing 11 so that the detection region A1 moves in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
　また、上記実施形態３では、Ｘ－Ｙ平面に広がりを有する照明領域Ａ２に対して検出光と参照光を照射させるために、複数の光源３１、３２とディフューザー３７とが用いられたが、これに限らず、１つの光源３１から出射された検出光が拡散されて照明領域Ａ２に照射され、１つの光源３２から出射された参照光が拡散されて照明領域Ａ２に照射されてもよい。 Further, in the third embodiment, a plurality of light sources 31 and 32 and a diffuser 37 are used in order to irradiate the illumination region A2 having a spread in the XY plane with the detection light and the reference light. The detection light emitted from one light source 31 may be diffused and irradiated to the illumination region A2, and the reference light emitted from one light source 32 may be diffused and irradiated to the illumination region A2.
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、検出光および参照光を照明領域Ａ２に照射させるために、検出光を出射する光源３１と参照光を出射する光源３２とが用いられたが、これに限らず、検出光および参照光を所定の時間間隔で交互に出射する光源が用いられてもよい。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the light source 31 that emits the detection light and the light source 32 that emits the reference light are used in order to irradiate the illumination region A2 with the detection light and the reference light, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, a light source that alternately emits the detection light and the reference light at predetermined time intervals may be used.
　また、上記実施形態１～３において、投光部３０および受光部４０が、光を反射するミラー、所定の光を遮断するフィルタ、光を分離する回折格子、他のレンズなどを含んでもよい。たとえば、実施形態３において、光検出器４５の前段に集光レンズが配置されてもよい。これにより、検知領域Ａ１において葉ＬＦを透過した検出光および参照光を、検知領域Ａ１よりも狭い受光領域４５ａに集光させることができる。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 may include a mirror that reflects light, a filter that blocks predetermined light, a diffraction grating that separates light, another lens, and the like. For example, in the third embodiment, a condenser lens may be arranged in front of the photodetector 45. As a result, the detection light and the reference light transmitted through the leaf LF in the detection area A1 can be focused on the light receiving area 45a narrower than the detection area A1.
　また、上記実施形態２では、光源３３から出射されたガイド光の形状をシート状に変換するために、コリメータレンズ３５と光学素子３６が用いられたが、これに限らず、コリメータレンズ３５で平行光に変換したガイド光を、円柱形状のレンズの側面に入射させてシート状に変換してもよい。あるいは、コリメータレンズ３５で平行光に変換したガイド光を、回折格子を備えた拡散板に入射させてライン状に拡散させてもよい。 Further, in the second embodiment, the collimator lens 35 and the optical element 36 are used in order to convert the shape of the guide light emitted from the light source 33 into a sheet shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the collimator lens 35 is parallel. The guide light converted into light may be incident on the side surface of the cylindrical lens and converted into a sheet shape. Alternatively, the guide light converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 35 may be incident on a diffuser plate provided with a diffraction grating and diffused in a line shape.
　また、上記実施形態１、２では、検知領域Ａ１において葉ＬＦで反射された検出光および参照光が光検出器４１、４３により受光されたが、検知領域Ａ１において葉ＬＦを透過した検出光および参照光が光検出器４１、４３により受光されてもよい。この場合、実施形態３のように、投光部３０と受光部４０とが対向して配置される。 Further, in the first and second embodiments, the detection light and the reference light reflected by the leaf LF in the detection region A1 are received by the photodetectors 41 and 43, but the detection light transmitted through the leaf LF in the detection region A1 and the detection light The reference light may be received by the photodetectors 41 and 43. In this case, as in the third embodiment, the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged so as to face each other.
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、図７（ｂ）に示したように、葉ＬＦの照射範囲を示す輪郭画像２１１と、水分量の分布を示す濃淡画像２２０とが重ね合わされて、水分量分布画像２３０が生成されたが、水分量分布画像２３０は、水分量の分布を示す濃淡画像２２０のみによって生成されてもよい。また、水分量の分布を表現するために、濃淡画像２２０に代えて、たとえば、葉ＬＦを模式的に示した斜視図において、高さを相違させた棒グラフによって水分量の分布が表現されてもよい。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7B, the contour image 211 showing the irradiation range of the leaf LF and the shade image 220 showing the distribution of the water content are superimposed to show the water content. Although the distribution image 230 is generated, the water content distribution image 230 may be generated only by the shade image 220 showing the distribution of the water content. Further, in order to express the water content distribution, for example, in a perspective view schematically showing the leaf LF, instead of the shade image 220, the water content distribution may be expressed by a bar graph having different heights. Good.
　また、上記実施形態１では、集光レンズ４２は、点状の検知領域Ａ１から生じた検出光および参照光を、光検出器４１の受光領域４１ａに結像したが、図１３（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、面状の検知領域Ａ１から生じた検出光および参照光を、面状の受光領域４６ａに結像してもよい。 Further, in the first embodiment, the condenser lens 42 formed an image of the detection light and the reference light generated from the point-shaped detection region A1 in the light receiving region 41a of the photodetector 41. As shown in (b), the detection light and the reference light generated from the planar detection region A1 may be imaged in the planar light receiving region 46a.
　図１３（ａ）は、この変更例に係る水分検知装置１の構成を模式的に示す斜視図である。ガイド光は、実施形態１と同様、照明領域Ａ２内の点状の照射領域Ｐにおいて収束している。一方、検知領域Ａ１は、照射領域Ｐを含む面状の領域に設定されている。 FIG. 13A is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the moisture detection device 1 according to this modified example. Similar to the first embodiment, the guide light converges in the point-shaped irradiation region P in the illumination region A2. On the other hand, the detection region A1 is set as a planar region including the irradiation region P.
　図１３（ｂ）は、この変更例に係る検知領域Ａ１において葉ＬＦで反射された検出光および参照光の反射光を受光する構成をＸ軸負方向に見た場合の模式図である。図１３（ｂ）には、検知領域Ａ１から生じた検出光および参照光が、光検出器４６の受光領域４６ａでどのような結像するかが一点鎖線で示されている。 FIG. 13B is a schematic view of a configuration in which the detection light reflected by the leaf LF and the reflected light of the reference light are received in the detection region A1 according to this modified example when viewed in the negative direction of the X-axis. FIG. 13B shows how the detection light and the reference light generated from the detection region A1 are imaged in the light receiving region 46a of the photodetector 46 by a chain double-dashed line.
　光検出器４６は、実施形態３の光検出器４５と同様、Ｘ－Ｙ平面内に光センサがマトリクス状に配置された面センサである。光検出器４６は、たとえば、ＣＣＤイメージセンサやＣＭＯＳイメージセンサである。この変更例においても、光検出器４６の受光領域４６ａを像面とした場合に、集光レンズ４７によって物面が形成される検知領域Ａ１を識別可能となるよう、ガイド光が照射領域Ｐに向けて照射されている。図１３（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す変更例によれば、面状の検知領域Ａ１からの検出光および参照光の検出信号が一度に取得されるため、面状の検知領域Ａ１において一度に葉ＬＦの水分量を計測できる。 The photodetector 46 is a surface sensor in which the photosensors are arranged in a matrix in the XY plane, like the photodetector 45 of the third embodiment. The photodetector 46 is, for example, a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor. Also in this modification example, when the light receiving region 46a of the photodetector 46 is used as the image plane, the guide light is applied to the irradiation region P so that the detection region A1 on which the object surface is formed by the condenser lens 47 can be identified. It is being irradiated toward. According to the modification shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), the detection signals of the detection light and the reference light from the planar detection region A1 are acquired at once, so that the detection signals of the planar detection region A1 are acquired at once. The water content of leaf LF can be measured.
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、ボタン１３が離されたときに、図７（ｃ）に示したように水分量分布画像２３０および温度が表示部２１に表示されたが、これに限らず、水分量分布画像２３０および温度は、ユーザの所望のタイミングで表示されてもよい。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, when the button 13 is released, the water content distribution image 230 and the temperature are displayed on the display unit 21 as shown in FIG. 7 (c), but the present invention is not limited to this. , The water content distribution image 230 and the temperature may be displayed at a timing desired by the user.
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、水分検知装置１は、ケーブル１ａにより接続されたヘッド部１０と制御装置２０とにより構成されたが、ヘッド部１０と制御装置２０とが一体的に組み合わされて水分検知装置１が構成されてもよい。たとえば、ヘッド部１０の筐体１１内に制御装置２０の構成が配置され、筐体１１の外側の面に表示部２１が設けられてもよい。この場合も、把手して持ち運び可能な筐体１１内に投光部３０と受光部４０とが配置されるため、計測時に葉ＬＦを破壊することなく、葉ＬＦに含まれる水分量を計測できる。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the moisture detection device 1 is composed of the head unit 10 and the control device 20 connected by the cable 1a, but the head unit 10 and the control device 20 are integrally combined. Moisture detection device 1 may be configured. For example, the configuration of the control device 20 may be arranged in the housing 11 of the head unit 10, and the display unit 21 may be provided on the outer surface of the housing 11. Also in this case, since the light emitting unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 are arranged in the housing 11 that can be handled and carried, the amount of water contained in the leaf LF can be measured without destroying the leaf LF at the time of measurement. ..
　また、上記実施形態１～３では、水分量は検出光に基づく検出信号に基づいて算出されているが、検知領域Ａ１の表面形状や表面粗さが大きく変動するようなときには、他の水分量算出手段として、検出光に基づく検出信号と、参照光に基づく参照信号との比率に基づいて水分量を算出してもよい。 Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the water content is calculated based on the detection signal based on the detection light, but when the surface shape and surface roughness of the detection region A1 fluctuate greatly, another water content As the calculation means, the water content may be calculated based on the ratio of the detection signal based on the detection light and the reference signal based on the reference light.
　図４に示すように、検出光の波長における吸収係数は、参照光の波長における吸収係数よりも大きい。したがって、光源３２から出射された参照光が検知領域Ａ１に照射されると、参照波長の光（参照光）は、検知領域Ａ１の水分の有無とは無関係に、検知領域Ａ１の形状による反射や表面での散乱の影響を受けて反射される。他方、光源３１から出射された検出光が検知領域Ａ１に照射されると、検知領域Ａ１に水分がない場合、吸収波長の光（検出光）は、参照波長の光と同様に、検知領域Ａ１の形状による反射や表面での散乱の影響を受けて反射される。検知領域Ａ１に水分がある場合、吸収波長の光（検出光）は水分により吸収されるので、検知領域Ａ１の形状による反射や表面での散乱に、水分の吸収が積算されて光検出器４１で受光される光は少なくなる。したがって、検出光に基づく検出信号と、参照光に基づく参照信号との比率をとれば、検知領域Ａ１の形状による反射や表面での散乱の影響を除去することが可能となる。 As shown in FIG. 4, the absorption coefficient at the wavelength of the detected light is larger than the absorption coefficient at the wavelength of the reference light. Therefore, when the reference light emitted from the light source 32 is applied to the detection region A1, the light of the reference wavelength (reference light) is reflected by the shape of the detection region A1 regardless of the presence or absence of water in the detection region A1. It is reflected under the influence of scattering on the surface. On the other hand, when the detection light emitted from the light source 31 irradiates the detection region A1, if there is no moisture in the detection region A1, the light of the absorption wavelength (detection light) is the light of the detection wavelength A1 like the light of the reference wavelength. It is reflected under the influence of reflection due to the shape of and scattering on the surface. When there is moisture in the detection region A1, the light of the absorption wavelength (detection light) is absorbed by the moisture. Therefore, the absorption of the moisture is integrated with the reflection due to the shape of the detection region A1 and the scattering on the surface, and the photodetector 41 The amount of light received by is reduced. Therefore, by taking the ratio of the detection signal based on the detection light and the reference signal based on the reference light, it is possible to eliminate the influence of reflection and scattering on the surface due to the shape of the detection region A1.
　上記実施形態１～３では、このように参照波長の光と吸収波長の光とが水分に吸収される度合いが異なることを利用して、表面形状による反射や物質の表面で生じる散乱等によるノイズ成分が抑制された状態で、検知領域Ａ１の水分量が算出されてもよい。 In the first to third embodiments, the fact that the light of the reference wavelength and the light of the absorption wavelength are absorbed by water at different degrees is utilized to make noise due to reflection due to the surface shape, scattering generated on the surface of the substance, and the like. The water content of the detection region A1 may be calculated in a state where the components are suppressed.
　この他、本発明の実施形態は、特許請求の範囲に示された技術的思想の範囲内において、適宜、種々の変更が可能である。 In addition, various modifications of the embodiment of the present invention can be made as appropriate within the scope of the technical idea shown in the claims.
　１　水分検知装置
　１１　筐体
　３０　投光部
　３１、３２、３３　光源（投光部）
　３４　集光レンズ（投光部）
　３５　コリメータレンズ（投光部）
　３６　光学素子（投光部）
　３７　ディフューザー（投光部）
　４０　受光部
　４１　光検出器（受光部、フォトダイオード）
　４１ａ　受光領域
　４２　集光レンズ（受光部）
　４３　光検出器（受光部、ラインセンサ）
　４３ａ　受光領域
　４４　集光レンズ（受光部）
　４５　光検出器（受光部、面センサ）
　４５ａ　受光領域
　４６　光検出器（受光部、面センサ）
　４６ａ　受光領域
　４７　集光レンズ（受光部）
　７０　移動検知部
　７１　加速度センサ（移動検知部）
　７２　ジャイロセンサ（移動検知部）
　１１２　水分量算出部
　１１３　画像生成部
　２１１　輪郭画像（参照範囲）
　２３０　水分量分布画像
　Ａ１　検知領域
　Ａ２　照明領域 1 Moisture detection device 11 Housing 30 Floodlights 31, 32, 33 Light source (floodlight)
34 Condensing lens (light projector)
35 Collimator lens (light projector)
36 Optical element (light projecting unit)
37 Diffuser (light projector)
40 Light receiving part 41 Photodetector (light receiving part, photodiode)
41a Light receiving area 42 Condensing lens (light receiving part)
43 Photodetector (light receiving part, line sensor)
43a Light receiving area 44 Condensing lens (light receiving part)
45 Photodetector (light receiving part, surface sensor)
45a Light receiving area 46 Photodetector (light receiving part, surface sensor)
46a Light receiving area 47 Condensing lens (light receiving part)
70 Movement detection unit 71 Accelerometer (movement detection unit)
72 Gyro sensor (movement detector)
112 Moisture content calculation unit 113 Image generation unit 211 Contour image (reference range)
230 Moisture distribution image A1 Detection area A2 Illumination area

Claims (15)

  1. 　筐体と、
    　前記筐体に配置され、前記筐体外部の照明領域に水の吸収波長帯に含まれる波長の検出光を投射する投光部と、
    　前記筐体に配置され、前記照明領域に存在する被検体を経由した前記検出光を受光する受光部と、
    　前記受光部からの前記検出光に基づく検出信号に基づいて前記被検体の水分量を算出する水分量算出部と、を備え、
    　前記投光部は、さらに、前記照明領域内の検知領域に可視のガイド光を照射する、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          With the housing
    A light projecting unit arranged in the housing and projecting detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto an illumination region outside the housing.
    A light receiving unit that is arranged in the housing and receives the detected light that has passed through the subject existing in the illumination region.
    A water content calculation unit for calculating the water content of the subject based on a detection signal based on the detection light from the light receiving unit is provided.
    The light projecting unit further irradiates a detection area in the illumination area with visible guide light.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記検出光は、波長８００ｎｍ以上の赤外光である、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 1,
    The detected light is infrared light having a wavelength of 800 nm or more.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  3. 　請求項２に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記検出光の波長は、９５０ｎｍ以上に設定される、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 2,
    The wavelength of the detected light is set to 950 nm or more.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  4. 　請求項３に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記検出光の波長は、９８０ｎｍ、１４５０ｎｍおよび１９４０ｎｍの何れか１つの波長付近に設定される、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 3,
    The wavelength of the detected light is set in the vicinity of any one of 980 nm, 1450 nm and 1940 nm.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  5. 　請求項１ないし４の何れか一項に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記受光部は、
    　　前記被検体を経由した前記検出光を受光する光検出器と、
    　　前記光検出器に前記検出光を集光する集光レンズと、を備え、
    　前記集光レンズは、前記検知領域から生じる前記検出光を前記光検出器の受光領域に結像させる、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    The light receiving part is
    A photodetector that receives the detection light that has passed through the subject, and
    The photodetector is provided with a condensing lens that collects the detected light.
    The condenser lens forms an image of the detected light generated from the detection region on the light receiving region of the photodetector.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  6. 　請求項５に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記光検出器は、フォトダイオードであり、
    　前記検知領域は、前記フォトダイオードの受光領域に対応する点状の領域である、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 5,
    The photodetector is a photodiode
    The detection region is a point-shaped region corresponding to the light receiving region of the photodiode.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  7. 　請求項５に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記光検出器は、ラインセンサであり、
    　前記検知領域は、前記ラインセンサの受光領域に対応する線状の領域である、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 5,
    The photodetector is a line sensor and
    The detection region is a linear region corresponding to the light receiving region of the line sensor.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  8. 　請求項５に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記光検出器は、光センサがマトリクス状に配置された面センサであり、
    　前記検知領域は、前記面センサの受光領域に対応する所定幅の領域である、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 5,
    The photodetector is a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix.
    The detection region is a region having a predetermined width corresponding to the light receiving region of the surface sensor.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  9. 　請求項５ないし８の何れか一項に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記投光部は、前記光検出器の前記受光領域を像面とした場合に、前記集光レンズによって物面が形成される領域を識別可能に、前記ガイド光を照射させる、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
    When the light receiving region of the photodetector is used as an image plane, the light projecting unit irradiates the guide light so that the region where the object surface is formed by the condenser lens can be identified.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  10. 　請求項５ないし９の何れか一項に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記水分量算出部による算出結果に基づいて前記被検体における水分量の分布を示す水分量分布画像を生成する画像生成部を備える、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to any one of claims 5 to 9,
    It is provided with an image generation unit that generates a water content distribution image showing the distribution of the water content in the subject based on the calculation result by the water content calculation unit.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  11. 　請求項１０に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記被検体に対する前記検知領域の移動を検知するための移動検知部を備え、
    　前記画像生成部は、前記移動検知部による検知結果と前記水分量算出部による算出結果とに基づいて前記水分量分布画像を生成する、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 10,
    A movement detection unit for detecting the movement of the detection region with respect to the subject is provided.
    The image generation unit generates the water content distribution image based on the detection result by the movement detection unit and the calculation result by the water content calculation unit.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  12. 　請求項１１に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記移動検知部は、加速度センサとジャイロセンサとを含む、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 11,
    The movement detection unit includes an acceleration sensor and a gyro sensor.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  13. 　請求項１０ないし１２の何れか一項に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記投光部は、水による吸収が低い波長の参照光を前記照明領域に投射し、
    　前記画像生成部は、
    　　前記被検体を経由した前記参照光に基づく前記光検出器の検出信号に基づいて、前記被検体上における前記参照光の照射範囲を特定し、
    　　特定した前記照射範囲に前記水分算出部による水分量の算出結果をマッピングすることにより、前記水分量分布画像を生成する、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
    The light projecting unit projects reference light having a wavelength that is less absorbed by water onto the illumination region.
    The image generation unit
    Based on the detection signal of the photodetector based on the reference light that has passed through the subject, the irradiation range of the reference light on the subject is specified.
    By mapping the calculation result of the water content by the water content calculation unit to the specified irradiation range, the water content distribution image is generated.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  14. 　請求項１３に記載の水分検知装置において、
    　前記光検出器は、赤外の波長帯に検出感度を有し、
    　前記参照光は、前記光検出器で検出可能で、且つ、前記検出感度の波長帯の下限付近に設定されている、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。
          In the moisture detection device according to claim 13,
    The photodetector has detection sensitivity in the infrared wavelength band and has detection sensitivity.
    The reference light can be detected by the photodetector and is set near the lower limit of the wavelength band of the detection sensitivity.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
  15. 　筐体と、
    　前記筐体に配置され、前記筐体外部の照明領域に水の吸収波長帯に含まれる波長の検出光を投射する投光部と、
    　前記筐体に配置され、前記照明領域に存在する被検体を経由した前記検出光を受光する受光部と、
    　前記受光部からの前記検出光に基づく検出信号に基づいて前記被検体の水分量を算出する水分量算出部と、を備え、
    　前記受光部は、光センサがマトリクス状に配置された面センサを備え、
    　前記面センサは、前記照明領域内の検知領域において前記被検体を透過した前記検出光を受光し、
    　前記検知領域は、前記面センサの受光領域に対応する所定幅の領域である、
    ことを特徴とする水分検知装置。     With the housing
    A light projecting unit arranged in the housing and projecting detection light having a wavelength included in the absorption wavelength band of water onto an illumination region outside the housing.
    A light receiving unit that is arranged in the housing and receives the detected light that has passed through the subject existing in the illumination region.
    A water content calculation unit for calculating the water content of the subject based on a detection signal based on the detection light from the light receiving unit is provided.
    The light receiving unit includes a surface sensor in which optical sensors are arranged in a matrix.
    The surface sensor receives the detection light transmitted through the subject in the detection region in the illumination region, and receives the detection light.
    The detection region is a region having a predetermined width corresponding to the light receiving region of the surface sensor.
    Moisture detection device characterized by this.
PCT/JP2020/022419 2019-09-17 2020-06-05 Moisture detection device WO2021053895A1 (en)

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JPH0688749A (en) * 1992-09-05 1994-03-29 Horiba Ltd Spectroscope
CN101975759A (en) * 2010-09-07 2011-02-16 中国农业大学 Transmission-type nondestructive measuring device and method of water content of plant leaves
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