WO2021044047A1 - Chauffe-eau et procédé de commande d'un chauffe-eau - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau et procédé de commande d'un chauffe-eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021044047A1
WO2021044047A1 PCT/EP2020/074904 EP2020074904W WO2021044047A1 WO 2021044047 A1 WO2021044047 A1 WO 2021044047A1 EP 2020074904 W EP2020074904 W EP 2020074904W WO 2021044047 A1 WO2021044047 A1 WO 2021044047A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water heater
resistance
heating
control device
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/074904
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thorsten Wojciechowski
Moritz HOLTDIRK
Alexander Janzen
Michael Schoppe
Original Assignee
Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to EP20768329.3A priority Critical patent/EP4025842A1/fr
Priority to CN202080063145.XA priority patent/CN114585864A/zh
Publication of WO2021044047A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021044047A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/124—Preventing or detecting electric faults, e.g. electric leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/238—Flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F24H15/31—Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/395—Information to users, e.g. alarms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric, in particular electronic, water heater and a method for controlling an electric, in particular electronic, water heater, preferably such water heaters with live radiator surfaces in the water. While the invention is described particularly for such instantaneous water heaters, it is also used for other fluid-carrying household technology devices.
  • Water heaters are fluid-carrying household technology devices such as, for example, instantaneous water heaters, which are used, for example, to generate hot water using, in particular, electrical energy.
  • a flow heater comprises one or more electrical heating elements, with the aid of which, depending on the electrical power supplied to the heating elements, a fluid, typically water, passed through channels in the flow heater can be heated to a desired, presettable temperature.
  • Instantaneous water heaters deliver hot water without standby losses because they only heat water when hot water is needed.
  • Modern instantaneous water heaters are either equipped with a bare wire heating element or with a metal-sheathed heating element.
  • the size of these leakage currents depends, among other things, on the conductivity of the water flowing through the channels. Furthermore, with a bare wire heating element system, there is the Risk of overheating of the wire element if air bubbles get into the device with the water.
  • EP 2 840 404 proposes a control device which comprises an evaluation unit set up to determine a hypothetical leakage current value on the basis of the conductivity value and at least one predetermined, design-related device parameter, and which is adapted to measure the heating power of the Reduce bare wire heating device if the hypothetical leakage current value exceeds a specified leakage current threshold value.
  • determining the hypothetical leakage current value it is possible to precisely determine the leakage current actually flowing to earth, depending on the conductivity value and the device parameter, and only if the specified leakage current threshold value is exceeded by reducing the heating power of the bare wire heating device, the leakage current actually flowing to earth to reduce.
  • the disadvantage of the known control device is that the controlled variable (leakage current) deviates from the measured variable (conductivity value) and the fact that no measures are taken to avoid damage due to overheating of the wire element due to air bubbles.
  • WO 2014/098943 A1 proposes arranging an optical sensor in a flow heater with a bare wire element in order to detect a glowing wire.
  • a disadvantage of using an optical sensor is the fact that the costs increase due to the acquisition of the optical sensor and the necessary structural changes to known instantaneous water heaters. In addition, it is very expensive to monitor the entire area of the heating element extending over a relatively wide line section, since several optical sensors would have to be used for this.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a water heater with live radiator surfaces in the water and an associated method for controlling which at least partially avoids the disadvantages described above.
  • an instantaneous water heater is to be provided which enables safe operation in such a way that neither the domestic technology appliance is damaged nor a user is impaired.
  • this object is achieved by a water heater according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 10.
  • Preferred configurations are defined in the subclaims.
  • a water heater is proposed with a flow channel that includes a heating section, a heating element, in particular a bare wire heating element, which is arranged in the area of the heating section, a measuring sensor that has two electrodes that are spaced apart and reaching into the flow channel, and for measuring a resistance a fluid flowing through the flow channel is formed by applying an alternating voltage between the two spaced apart electrodes; and an electronic control device for controlling the electric water heater, the electronic control device being designed to control a heating output of the heating element as a function of the measured resistance, in particular to interrupt the heating output when the resistance falls below a threshold value.
  • comparison and / or threshold values of the resistance can be permanently predefined in the control device of the instantaneous water heater, so that no further calculation is necessary.
  • the measured values provided by the measuring sensor, in particular resistance values, are particularly preferably already suitable for direct comparison with the comparison value defined in the control device.
  • Resistance measurement is particularly easy here using the measuring sensor, which has two electrodes. Two electrodes of the measuring sensor are in contact with the fluid in the flow channel, in particular with water. By applying a voltage between them, the resistance between them can be determined directly via the flowing current. The application of an alternating voltage reduces to advantageous Way the material deposits on the electrodes, so that safe operation is also possible over the life of the water heater.
  • the threshold value can preferably be set via an adjustable potentiometer or an adjustable resistor on the board. This means that different upstream and downstream sections can be mapped and different types of water heaters can be differentiated using the adjustable resistance without the need for further adjustments, for example to the evaluation electronics or control.
  • the threshold value and / or the calculation is entered, adapted or changed via an update, in particular from a host computer or server / company server via the Internet or with other data transmission devices.
  • a local update on the device by means of a data carrier is a further advantageous exemplary embodiment in order to upload an update to a parameterization of the threshold value and other data on the water heater.
  • Even the calculation algorithm can be changed with an update.
  • the update can alternatively or additionally take place via radio transmission, in particular in a local network such as in a W-LAN, or via short-range radio such as NFC and / or Bluetooth and the like.
  • a threshold value is also advantageously stored or set, advantageously dynamic or sliding, which depends on external parameters that are exchanged with the hot water device via the intranet or other data transmission.
  • the threshold value can depend on an availability value of energy from power grids, temperatures of water or an environment, the season, the time of day, a tide, a water level of the groundwater or a water level of a sea, river or lake or other framework conditions. This advantageously controls or regulates that the water heater receives, determines or calculates a dependent threshold value from these parameters or one of these parameters. This particularly affects the performance of the water heater.
  • a threshold value range is advantageously specified for the threshold value, with a minimum threshold value and / or a maximum threshold value.
  • the threshold value can advantageously not be set above the maximum threshold value and / or the threshold value cannot be set below the minimum threshold value by means of an update or setting on the potentiometer.
  • At least one, the maximum threshold value and / or the minimum threshold value correspond to a permissible value, in particular one approved by a plant, an authority or a licensing institute, or an advantageously approved value range.
  • the electric water heater is preferably one with live heating element surfaces in the water.
  • the solution according to the invention enables safe operation of the water heater, since no leakage currents are conducted to the user.
  • the solution according to the invention can provide additional security if a ground connection of the water heater is not connected or is not connected properly.
  • the resistance measurement or a first resistance measurement takes place in particular at the start of a tapping process on the flow heater, that is to say before the point in time at which the heating element is supplied with current.
  • the heating element is therefore preferably only supplied with current when the additional components have been initialized and the resistance measurement has been carried out.
  • the water heater is preferably also designed to detect steam or air bubbles in the flow channel, for example in that a resistance between the electrodes exceeds a certain threshold value. Even if air occurs in the flow channel, the instantaneous water heater according to the invention can ensure reliable operation, for example interrupting the electrical heating output to the heating element.
  • the control device is preferably set up to determine whether the measured resistance (also referred to as actual value here) is below, within or above a predefined setpoint range and to control the heating power of the heating element, preferably bare wire heating element, as a function thereof.
  • the invention is based, in particular, on the knowledge that by measuring a resistance and specifying a target value range for which a measured resistance can be below, within and above (ie the target value range in particular does not include the value “zero”) both air or bubbles in of the line can be detected and a possibly excessive leakage current value can be recognized and the heating output can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, no calculation such as that of a hypothetical leakage current is necessary. With little software and hardware outlay, error states of the domestic technology device described here can thus be determined with high reliability in order to take appropriate countermeasures such as reducing the heating power or switching off the device in order to protect the user or the device from damage. For the purposes of the invention, all sensors that can determine a variable that is dependent on the electrical resistance are suitable as measuring sensors.
  • conductivity sensors and other add-on parts of the water heater such as heating bolts, temperature sensors, measuring probes, inlet / outlet pipe, cooling pipe, locking / latching clips, pressure sensors, axis of motor valve, throttle screw, separate screws, etc.
  • a warning signal can also be sent to a receiving unit.
  • the receiving unit is preferably a receiving unit that can be perceived visually or acoustically by a user of the building services appliance, such as one or more display devices (displays), one or more lights, one or more buzzer / vibration motors and / or one or more loudspeakers.
  • target value range the following ranges, indicated here as (specific) resistance values, apply (lower and upper limits are each included in the target value range): 200 to 1200 ⁇ cm, preferably 350 to 1000 ⁇ cm, more preferably 450 to 900 ⁇ cm.
  • the target value ranges are usually dependent on national specifications, so that target values can also be, for example, in the range from 100 to 2000 ⁇ cm.
  • the control device preferably having a microprocessor, has a starting operating state.
  • the heating output is (only) activated (heating release) if the actual value is within the setpoint range. In this case, for example, warm water can be tapped. If the actual value is outside the setpoint range, the heating device remains off and, if necessary, a first warning signal can be sent to a receiving unit. This avoids error states of the type mentioned here.
  • the starting operating state is activated as soon as the control device receives a hot water request signal (for example by corresponding tap position and / or detection of a flow in the fluid-carrying line).
  • the domestic technology device can have a flow sensor to detect a flow.
  • the flow state it is also possible for the flow state to be determined on the basis of a tap position, an open hot water position indicating that fluid is flowing through the fluid-carrying line arranged in the housing.
  • the control device has a heating operating state. The heating mode is activated after the heating release has been issued.
  • the heating mode is only ended when the hot water request is ended, which can be detected, for example, by the flow sensor described above. If one of the errors described here is present, the heating mode is terminated before the hot water request is terminated.
  • control device has an error operating state in which the heating power is at least partially and preferably completely reduced when the actual value is outside the setpoint range.
  • An error operating state can preferably (only) be reset by terminating the hot water request, i.e. for example closing a tap. This means that when the hot water request is ended, the control device switches to the idle state and is ready for a new hot water request. The control device is set to the starting operating state by receiving a hot water request signal again. The functional sequence mentioned at the beginning is repeated.
  • the error operating state can only be enabled by a manual reset by a user or a technician. This further increases the safety of the operation.
  • the control device is set up to repeatedly, preferably continuously, determine whether a repeatedly or continuously measured resistance is below, within or above a predefined setpoint range, in particular when the control device is in the heating operating state.
  • the term “repeated” relates to at least two, preferably at least four, cycles of acquisition and / or comparison that have been carried out, whereby, for example, a mean value or some other processing can take place for the signal output of the control device.
  • the term “continuously” describes cycles of recording and / or balancing that are repeatedly carried out at predefined time intervals until the end of the dispensing process. The time intervals are preferably as short as desired, so that one speaks of a continuous measurement.
  • all of the continuous determinations are carried out as at least two, preferably at least four, repeated cycles of acquisition and / or comparison. By this measure safe operation of the building services device is guaranteed for the entire duration of the hot water request.
  • the specific resistance therefore gives a characteristic number about dirty or contaminated water.
  • the preferred at least two, preferably at least four, sequences of measurements relate to the communication between the different software. It is about avoiding EMC influences / disturbances, communication problems, etc.
  • the control device is set up to issue a second warning signal when the determined actual value of the predefined setpoint range is undershot and / or a third warning signal when the determined actual value of the predefined setpoint range is exceeded and / or within a predefined time period and at a to send a fourth warning signal to the receiving unit via an actual value fluctuating over a permissible degree of fluctuation.
  • This embodiment is based on the relationship that water with a high salt content has a high conductivity or a low electrical resistance than a corresponding fluid with a lower salt content and air has a relatively low conductivity or a relatively high electrical resistance compared to water. If the measured resistance falls below the target value range, this is indicative of a relatively high conductivity and thus the second warning signal indicates an excessively high salt load in the fluid (in particular water) or a possibly high leakage current.
  • a high salt content results in a high conductivity - corresponding to a low resistance, which means that the target value is not reached.
  • a low salt content results in a low conductivity - corresponding to a high resistance, which means that the setpoint is exceeded.
  • the third warning signal thus indicates the presence of air in the line or the risk of overheating.
  • a fluctuation is indicative of air bubbles in the pipe system.
  • the fourth warning signal indicates this and an associated risk of overheating.
  • the predefined, permissible degree of fluctuation (for example, maximum permissible amplitude and / or number of amplitudes within a predefined time period) can be determined by corresponding Tests are carried out in which the line is flowed through with air-free water and water containing air bubbles and the actual value is plotted over time.
  • the first warning signal, second warning signal, third warning signal and fourth warning signal can be different from one another or identical, depending on the desired degree of information with regard to a possible cause of the error.
  • the control device has protection against manipulation.
  • the control device is set up to short-circuit the measuring sensor or its cable, pull off the measuring sensor cable, pull off the power supply of the control device and / or break the cable from the measuring sensor or power supply detect.
  • a resistance that is too small can indicate a short circuit and a resistance that is too high can indicate a broken cable or a cable that is not connected or disconnected.
  • the measuring sensor according to a further embodiment of the invention is part of a measuring device that is galvanically isolated from the control device.
  • the flow channel has an upstream section, the heating section and a downstream section, the measuring sensor being arranged in the downstream section.
  • a temperature correction i.e. taking into account the temperature dependency of the conductivity
  • the measuring sensor can be arranged in the upstream path. This only requires an adaptation of the resistor, for example a resistor bridge on a circuit board.
  • the measuring sensor has two electrodes that are spaced apart from one another. These can be spaced apart from one another along the flow channel, longitudinally or transversely to the flow channel.
  • the electrodes are particularly preferably orthogonal to the flow channel, that is to say spaced perpendicular to the direction of flow. This has particular advantages in terms of pressure loss, especially in the case of small flow channels.
  • the leakage current also prevents the measurement current from being influenced.
  • the electrodes can be formed from all electrically conductive and water-bearing components. All components of the electrodes are preferably drinking water compliant. These can in particular be selected from the group consisting of heating bolts, temperature sensors, measuring probes, inlet and / or outlet pipes, cooling pipes, locking clips, locking clips, pressure sensors, engine valve axes, screws and throttle screws. In principle, it is possible for at least one electrode to be formed by the heating element.
  • the heating element itself is preferably not an electrode of the measuring sensor and, in addition to the heating element, two electrodes are provided for detecting the resistance value.
  • stainless steel such as, for example, stainless steel
  • metal-coated, anodized, chrome-plated and nickel-plated materials such as metals, plastics, non-ferrous metals and sintered materials are also conceivable.
  • a measuring section formed by the electrodes runs transversely to the direction of flow.
  • the measuring section formed by the electrodes represents the shortest connection within the fluid-carrying line between the electrodes.
  • the measuring section preferably runs transversely, in particular, orthogonally to the direction of flow. In this way, interference currents can be prevented and any influence on the flow and pressure losses can be minimized. In addition, the measurement is not influenced by the leakage current.
  • the measuring device is operated with alternating current, such as, preferably, safety extra-low voltage. This avoids undesirable electrolysis effects on the measuring device, in particular on the electrodes. In order to minimize disruptive polarization effects on the measuring device, in particular on the electrodes, it is further preferred that the measuring device is operated in the low-voltage range.
  • the control device comprises a microprocessor which is set up to digitally process the actual value after analog / digital conversion.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for controlling an electrical water heater, in particular an electronic instantaneous water heater for hot water preparation, comprising: detecting a resistance of a fluid flowing through a flow channel of the water heater by means of a measuring sensor which has two spaced apart electrodes reaching into the flow channel and for detecting a resistance of the fluid by applying an alternating voltage between the two spaced apart electrodes; and controlling the heating output of the heating element as a function of the detected resistance, in particular interrupting the heating output when the resistance falls below and / or exceeds a threshold value.
  • the method according to the invention therefore does not necessarily require data processing of the detected resistance. Rather, it is sufficient that it is determined for the detected value, for example by means of a resistance bridge, whether the value falls below and / or exceeds a threshold value.
  • 1 shows a schematic view of a flow heater
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of the mode of operation of a flow heater according to the invention
  • 3 shows a circuit diagram for a preferred circuit of a flow heater according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a flange of a flow heater on the hot water outlet side; 5 shows exemplary arrangements of measuring sensors of a flow heater according to the invention.
  • the domestic technology device 100 shows a domestic technology device 100, in particular an electrical instantaneous water heater, with a fluid-carrying line 9, 10, 11, in which a heating element 12 for heating the fluid flowing through the line (9, 10, 11) is located in a line section 9. stretches.
  • the heating element 12 can be designed as a bare wire heating element or tubular heating element, preferably a bare wire heating element.
  • the domestic technology device further comprises a cold water inlet 6 for connection to a water supply line and a hot water outlet 7.
  • the hot water connection 7 can be connected to a water tap via a hot water line (not shown).
  • the heating element 12 is a bare wire element, the line has an upstream section 10 and a downstream section 11 upstream and downstream of the heating element 12.
  • the domestic technology device comprises a measuring sensor 21 and an electronic control device 3.
  • the measuring sensor 21 is designed to detect an electrical resistance.
  • the control device 3 is set up to control a heating power of the heating element 12 taking into account the resistance value and a predefined resistance range.
  • a detected resistance value does not have to be further processed, for example digitized; it is rather sufficient that a setpoint / actual value comparison is carried out, for example using a resistance bridge.
  • a warning signal can be sent to a receiving unit.
  • the receiving unit can be an operating part 5, a warning and / or control lamp arranged on the domestic technology device and / or a mobile terminal of a user (not shown).
  • the measuring sensor 21 is part of a measuring device 20, which is preferably connected electrically isolated from the control device 3.
  • the domestic technology device 100 can furthermore have one, several or the following components shown in FIG. 1.
  • a flow sensor 2 which can be arranged in the line 9, 10, 11, for example in the upstream section 10; and or
  • a valve 1 (shown in FIG. 1 as a motor-operated valve) which can be arranged in the upstream section 10; and or
  • the aforementioned components are preferably functionally coupled to the control device 3, so that the control device 3 in error-free operation (that is, if the measured resistance is within the tolerance range) the heating power from the heating element 12 and / or the valve position from the valve 1 depending on the flow rate and / or inlet and / or outlet temperature of the fluid and / or a desired (predetermined) hot water temperature.
  • the control device queries the measuring device 20 for the (montane) actual value determined by the measuring sensor 21.
  • the control device 3 controls the heating output of the heating element 12 as follows. If the actual value lies in a predefined setpoint range, the heating release H is issued. Otherwise there is an error condition and no NH heating release is given.
  • the measuring device 20 preferably carries out the measurement with a defined measuring voltage (AC). The water resistance and consequently the conductivity of the water can be determined. If the conductivity is too high, no heating release is given and the device switches to the error state - the device does not heat. The error status can be displayed in the control panel 5.
  • AC measuring voltage
  • the error status can be reset by closing the hot water request / tap.
  • the control device 3 is set up in such a way that it is put into the idle state by closing the tap, which in turn can be determined by means of the flow sensor 2.
  • the domestic technology device 100 is ready for a new hot water request and can be switched from the idle state to the above-described start operating state by registering a hot water request. If the water resistance is within the tolerance, the heating release is issued by the control device 3 and the domestic technology device 100 begins the heating process - warm water flows.
  • the preset target temperature can optionally be displayed in the control unit 5.
  • control device 3, measuring device 20, measuring sensor 21 preferably carry out a continuous measurement and repeat the function carried out in the start-up mode.
  • the conductivity of the water is continuously monitored by the developed system.
  • the setpoint / actual value comparison can be carried out by performing two measurements and calculating the arithmetic mean (normal and inverted values).
  • the arithmetic mean of the actual value is compared with the setpoint range.
  • a binary evaluation according to “within tolerance” or “outside of tolerance” is sufficient.
  • the result of the evaluation can be sent by telegram.
  • the setpoint range is preferably parameterizable or adjustable on the software side.
  • the setpoint range (and thus the switch-off limits) are implemented in the software at the factory and that it is not possible for a user or a service technician to manipulate or change the setpoint range.
  • the supply voltage and I 2 C data lines from the domestic technology device 100 to determine the actual value (conductance measurement) are implemented via an I2C connection.
  • a DCDC converter ensures the isolation of the supply voltage and a l 2 C Iso module the isolation of the data line.
  • a 3V3 is preferably used to decouple the rest of the circuit from the DCDC converter Linear regulator provided.
  • This supplies a microcontroller, the secondary I2C component, two driver stages 30 and an amplifier stage 31.
  • the microcontroller generates a 3V3 alternating voltage via the two driver stages 30. This is impressed on a resistor divider consisting of a series resistor Rv and a water resistor Rw.
  • the measurement signal is passed to the microcontroller via the amplifier stage 31, where it is evaluated and passed on to the control device 3 via the I 2 C bus.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a flange 15 on the hot water outlet side of the domestic technology appliance 100 with a measuring sensor 21 designed as electrodes 22, 22 '.
  • Electrically conductive hold-down devices 23 made of sheet metal are fastened to the upper side of the housing of the flange 15 by means of fastening screws 26 and conduct the measuring signal of the measuring sensors 22 , 22 'via cable lug sleeves 24 further.
  • FIG. 5 shows exemplary arrangements of measuring sensors 21 in the form of electrodes 22, 22 'in the domestic technology device 100.
  • Arrangement A represents a Schuko plug version without a metallic hold-down device.
  • the plug 27 protrudes over openings in a component, such as the flange 15, into a fluid-carrying line section which is preferably arranged in the downstream section 11.
  • the plug 27 can be fastened to the component by means of screws, clamps or via the clamping force of the plug 27.
  • the line 11 can be sealed by means of O-rings located on the electrodes 22, 22, a flat seal on each electrode 22, 22 ‘or a large flat seal between the plug 27 and the component (e.g. flange 15).
  • Arrangement B shows a similar arrangement based on the principle of a Schuko socket.
  • the measuring sensors 21, again configured as electrodes 22, 22 ' can be permanently attached - for example by injection molding, casting, gluing, welding - in a fluid-carrying component, so that the measuring sensors 22, 22' protrude into the fluid flowing through the line 11.
  • An electrical spring connection to the electrodes 22, 22 ' can be established by means of plug 27 in order to pick up an electrical signal.
  • electrodes 22, 22 ′ are designed as two screws spaced parallel to one another.
  • the measuring sensor 21 is designed as two electrodes 22, 22 ′ which are coaxially spaced from one another.
  • Arrangement E shows a top view of two electrodes 22, 22 'screwed onto a circuit board as a measuring sensor 21 with conductor tracks for deriving the measurement signal, which can be passed on by means of a snap-in connector that can be connected to the circuit board.
  • the measuring sensor 21 is designed as two electrodes 22, 22 ′ encapsulated in a fluid-carrying component made of plastic.
  • Arrangement G shows an arrangement in which the measuring sensor 21 is formed by a screw 22 and an electrically conductive component (eg water outlet) 22 '.
  • an electrically non-conductive component 28 is arranged at the hot water outlet between two electrically conductive line sections serving as electrodes 22, 22 '.
  • the arrangement can be sealed by means of flat seals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un chauffe-eau instantané électrique (100), en particulier un chauffe-eau instantané électronique, un système d'eau chaude, une pompe à chaleur à eau potable, un petit réservoir, un réservoir mural, un réservoir vertical et/ou un chauffe-eau à ébullition pour fournir de l'eau chaude, et un procédé correspondant. Le chauffe-eau instantané comprend un canal d'écoulement (9, 10, 11), qui comprend une section de chauffage (10) ; un élément chauffant (12), notamment un élément chauffant à fil nu qui est disposé dans la zone de la section de chauffage ; un capteur de mesure (21), qui comporte deux électrodes (22, 22') mutuellement espacées et s'étendant dans le canal d'écoulement, et qui est conçu pour mesurer la résistance d'un fluide s'écoulant à travers le canal d'écoulement (9, 10, 11) par application d'une tension alternative entre les deux électrodes (22, 22') mutuellement espacées ; et un contrôleur électronique (3) destiné à commander le chauffe-eau instantané électrique. Le contrôleur électronique (3) est conçu pour commander l'émission de chaleur par l'élément chauffant (12) en se basant sur la résistance mesurée, en particulier pour interrompre l'émission de chaleur si un seuil de résistance est franchi vers le bas et/ou dépassé.
PCT/EP2020/074904 2019-09-05 2020-09-07 Chauffe-eau et procédé de commande d'un chauffe-eau WO2021044047A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20768329.3A EP4025842A1 (fr) 2019-09-05 2020-09-07 Chauffe-eau et procédé de commande d'un chauffe-eau
CN202080063145.XA CN114585864A (zh) 2019-09-05 2020-09-07 热水器和用于控制热水器的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019123760.2 2019-09-05
DE102019123760.2A DE102019123760A1 (de) 2019-09-05 2019-09-05 Warmwasserbereiter und Verfahren zum Steuern eines Warmwasserbereiters

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WO2021044047A1 true WO2021044047A1 (fr) 2021-03-11

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EP (1) EP4025842A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114585864A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2021044047A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4086533A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2022-11-09 Vaillant GmbH Chauffe-eau électrique instantané et procédé de commande du chauffe-eau électrique instantané

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2803951A1 (de) * 1978-01-30 1979-08-02 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrischer durchlauferhitzer mit wenigstens einem blankdrahtheizkoerper
DE8428975U1 (de) * 1984-10-02 1985-12-19 Bernhardt, Werner, 8069 Ilmmünster Heißwasser-Durchlauferhitzer
WO2011082452A1 (fr) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-14 Microheat Technologies Pty Ltd Générateur de chaleur et procédé de production de chaleur utilisant un fluide électriquement alimenté
WO2014098943A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Eemax, Inc. Chauffe-eau à fil nu de nouvelle génération
EP2840404A1 (fr) 2013-08-20 2015-02-25 Gerdes OHG Chauffe-eau électrique instantané à fil nu et procédé de commande de celui-ci
DE102014000536A1 (de) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in einem Durchlauferhitzer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2803951A1 (de) * 1978-01-30 1979-08-02 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrischer durchlauferhitzer mit wenigstens einem blankdrahtheizkoerper
DE8428975U1 (de) * 1984-10-02 1985-12-19 Bernhardt, Werner, 8069 Ilmmünster Heißwasser-Durchlauferhitzer
WO2011082452A1 (fr) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-14 Microheat Technologies Pty Ltd Générateur de chaleur et procédé de production de chaleur utilisant un fluide électriquement alimenté
WO2014098943A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Eemax, Inc. Chauffe-eau à fil nu de nouvelle génération
EP2840404A1 (fr) 2013-08-20 2015-02-25 Gerdes OHG Chauffe-eau électrique instantané à fil nu et procédé de commande de celui-ci
DE102014000536A1 (de) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in einem Durchlauferhitzer

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4086533A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2022-11-09 Vaillant GmbH Chauffe-eau électrique instantané et procédé de commande du chauffe-eau électrique instantané

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EP4025842A1 (fr) 2022-07-13
DE102019123760A1 (de) 2021-03-11
CN114585864A (zh) 2022-06-03

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