WO2021039467A1 - Compressed air storage electricity generating device - Google Patents
Compressed air storage electricity generating device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021039467A1 WO2021039467A1 PCT/JP2020/030995 JP2020030995W WO2021039467A1 WO 2021039467 A1 WO2021039467 A1 WO 2021039467A1 JP 2020030995 W JP2020030995 W JP 2020030995W WO 2021039467 A1 WO2021039467 A1 WO 2021039467A1
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- Prior art keywords
- compression
- expansion
- compressed air
- power generation
- machine
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 110
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compressed air storage power generation device.
- CAES Compressed air energy storage
- Patent Document 1 discloses a CAES power generation device that uses both a compressor and an expander.
- Patent Document 1 does not mention a method of performing rated operation at a wide range of pressure regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed in a CAES power generation device using a compression / expansion combined machine.
- CAES power generation equipment is required to have a wide range of rated operating capacity.
- the efficiency of the charging operation is higher than the efficiency of the power generation operation (expansion operation), so that it is difficult to realize a wide range of rated operations.
- the amount of power that can be generated from 1 kg of compressed air (specific power generation amount) is generally smaller than the amount of power required to generate 1 kg of compressed air (specific charge power amount) (hereinafter).
- the specific charge electric energy or the specific power generation amount is also simply called the specific electric energy). Therefore, in order to realize the rated operation, it has been conventionally necessary to control the charging operation and the power generation operation separately.
- the specific electric energy changes depending on the operating pressure (pressure of the stored compressed air), it is necessary to control according to the operating pressure in order to execute the rated operation at a wide range of pressures in the past. It was.
- An object of the present invention is to realize rated operation in a wide range of pressures regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed in a compressed air storage power generation device using a compression / expansion combined machine.
- the present invention A compression / expansion machine that has a function as a compressor that compresses air and a function as an expander that expands compressed air, A motor generator that is mechanically connected to the compression / expansion machine and has a function as an electric motor that drives the compression / expansion machine and a function as a generator that is driven by the compression / expansion machine. A pressure accumulator that is fluidly connected to the compression / expansion machine and stores compressed air generated by the compression / expansion machine.
- a transmission unit provided between the compression / expansion combined machine and the motor generator combined machine and having a gear ratio R in the range of the following formula, Umax: Allowable maximum rotation speed (m / s) or piston allowable peripheral speed (m / s) of the compression / expansion combined machine Np: Number of poles of the motor generator D: Rotor outer diameter (m) or crank rotation diameter (m) of the compression / expansion machine Rmax: maximum gear ratio Provided is a compressed air storage power generation device.
- the compression / expansion combined use is performed based on the allowable maximum rotation speed or piston allowable peripheral speed of the compression / expansion combined machine, the number of poles of the electric power generation combined machine, and the rotor diameter or crank rotation diameter of the compression / expansion combined machine.
- the range of the power transmission ratio (gear ratio R) between the machine and the machine for electric power generation is specified.
- the range of the gear ratio R is defined from the following two points that affect the specific electric energy. The first is the distinction between the charging operation and the power generation operation, and the second is the filling rate of the accumulator.
- the compression / expansion machine in the power generation operation in which the motor generator functions as a generator, has the maximum rotation speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the pressure accumulator is 0%. It may be set to drive.
- the compression / expansion combined machine is set to be driven at the maximum rotation speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the accumulator portion in the power generation operation is 0% and the specific power generation amount is the smallest. ..
- the filling rate of 0% is the power generation limit value, that is, the state of the storage pressure in which the storage pressure in the accumulator is small and the power cannot be generated at a pressure lower than this, or the power generation is less than the allowable efficiency.
- the power generation limit value that is, the state of the storage pressure in which the storage pressure in the accumulator is small and the power cannot be generated at a pressure lower than this, or the power generation is less than the allowable efficiency.
- the maximum rotational speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston may be the maximum allowable rotational speed of the compression / expansion machine or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston.
- the compressor / expansion machine in the charging operation in which the motor generator functions as an electric motor, the compressor / expansion machine is driven at the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the pressure accumulator is 100%. It may be set to.
- the compression / expansion combined machine is set to have the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the accumulator portion in the charging operation is 100%.
- the filling rate of 100% is the accumulator limit value, that is, the pressure in the accumulator portion has reached the maximum permissible pressure. Therefore, by setting the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine to the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston in this state, the rated charging power amount can be secured in a wide range.
- the minimum rotational speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston may be 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotational speed of the compression / expansion combined machine or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston.
- the minimum rotational speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston is set to 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotational speed of the piston.
- the compression / expansion combined machine can be operated within the allowable operating temperature. Specifically, when the compressor / expansion machine operates as a compressor, some of the compressed air is discharged due to the pressure difference between the intake port (low pressure port) and the discharge port (high pressure port) of the compression / expansion machine. Backflow from the port) to the air intake (low pressure port). Since the flow rate of this backflowing air is almost constant regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor or the peripheral speed of the piston, the lower the rotation speed or the peripheral speed of the piston, the greater the ratio of the backflowing air to the air taken in from the atmosphere.
- the internal temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine becomes higher as the rotation speed or the peripheral speed of the piston becomes lower, and the discharge temperature also rises. Therefore, in order to keep the internal temperature and the discharge temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine within the allowable operating temperature, it is necessary to keep the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston at a certain level or higher. For example, such a minimum rotational speed or a minimum peripheral speed of a piston is 0.4 times or more an allowable maximum rotational speed or an allowable peripheral speed of a piston as described above.
- the compression / expansion combined machine may be a screw type.
- the amount of charging power and the amount of generated power can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the screw rotor, so that the required power (required charging power or generated power) that fluctuates irregularly can be followed with good responsiveness.
- rated operation in a compressed air storage power generation device using a compression / expansion combined machine, rated operation can be realized with a wide range of pressure regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed.
- the schematic block diagram of the CAES power generation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- the graph which shows the specific electric energy with respect to the operating pressure of a CAES power generation apparatus.
- the CAES power generation device 1 receives power from a power generation facility 2 that generates power using renewable energy, performs a charging operation, and performs a power generation operation according to the power demand. That is, the CAES power generation device 1 equalizes irregular output fluctuations of the power generation facility 2 and supplies power according to the power demand.
- a wind power generation facility is illustrated as a power generation facility 2 that generates power using renewable energy.
- the type of renewable energy targeted by the CAES power generation device 1 is not limited to this, and is constantly or repeatedly generated by natural forces such as sunlight, solar heat, wave power, tidal power, running water, or tidal power. It can cover all power generation using replenished and irregularly fluctuating energy.
- renewable energy it can be applied to all factories whose power generation amount fluctuates, such as factories having power generation facilities that operate irregularly.
- the CAES power generation device 1 includes a compression / expansion combined machine 10, an electric power generation combined machine 20, a pressure accumulator 30, and a control device 40.
- the compression / expansion combined machine 10 has a function as a compressor for compressing air and a function as an expander for expanding compressed air. Further, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 has a low pressure port 11 and a high pressure port 12. When the compressor 10 functions as a compressor, the compression / expansion machine 10 takes in air from the low pressure port 11, compresses the air inside, and discharges the compressed air from the high pressure port 12. When the compression / expansion machine 10 functions as an expander, compressed air is supplied from the high pressure port 12, the compressed air is expanded inside, and air is exhausted from the low pressure port 11.
- the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is a screw type. Since the screw type compression / expansion combined machine 10 can control the rotation speed of the internal screw rotor, it can responsively follow the required power (required charging power or generated power) that fluctuates irregularly. Therefore, the screw type compression / expansion combined machine 10 is preferable as a component of the CAES power generation device 1. Further, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 can be easily configured by using the screw rotor for both compression and expansion and rotating the screw rotors in opposite directions for compression and expansion. However, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is not limited to the screw type, and may be a rotary type or a reciprocating type. The rotary type here includes all types such as a screw type, a centrifugal type, an axial flow type, or a scroll type. The reciprocating type includes all types such as a piston type or a diaphragm type.
- the motor generator 20 is mechanically connected to the compression / expansion machine 10 via the transmission unit 21.
- the electric power generation combined machine 20 has a function as an electric motor (motor) for operating the compression / expansion combined machine 10 as a compressor and a function as a generator driven by the compression / expansion combined machine 10 operating as an expander.
- the power generation facility 2 is electrically connected to the motor generator 20.
- the motor generator 20 functions as a motor generator and is driven by the fluctuating input power from the power generation facility 2.
- the motor generator 20 is also electrically connected to a power system (not shown). In the power generation operation, the electric power generation combined machine 20 functions as a generator, and the generated output power is transmitted to the power system.
- the operation of the motor generator 20 is controlled by the control device 40.
- the inverter 22 is electrically connected to the motor generator 20.
- the inverter 22 is controlled by the control device 40. Therefore, the control device 40 controls the rotation speed of the motor generator 20 by the inverter 22.
- the transmission unit 21 changes the transmission ratio (gear ratio) of the rotational power between the compression / expansion combined machine 10 and the motor generator combined machine 20.
- the transmission unit 21 is, for example, a transmission gear, and the gear ratio can be changed by engaging gears having different numbers of teeth.
- the transmission unit 21 has a gear ratio R in the range of the following formula.
- the screw type an example of the rotary type
- the term “rotational speed” is used.
- "rotation speed” should be read as "piston peripheral speed” and "rotor outer diameter” should be read as "crank rotation diameter”.
- crank rotation diameter The description and formula of are applicable as well.
- the maximum gear ratio Rmax is known in the art.
- the minimum value of the gear ratio R is set to 0.7Rmax for the following reasons.
- the gear ratio R at this time is 2.8 to 3.8, and the ratio of the minimum gear ratio (2.8) to the maximum gear ratio (3.8) is 0.7.
- suitable operation can be realized by defining the gear ratio R to be 70% or more of the maximum gear ratio Rmax even in the case of other poles Np.
- the pressure accumulator portion 30 is fluidly connected to the compression / expansion combined machine 10 via a three-way valve 31 and a check valve 32.
- the pressure accumulator portion 30 is a portion that stores compressed air.
- the accumulator 30 may be, for example, a steel tank.
- the number of pressure accumulators 30 is not particularly limited, and a plurality of tanks may be provided.
- the pressure accumulator 30 does not necessarily have to be in the form of a tank. Alternatively, it may be able to store compressed air, such as a closed underground cavity.
- the three-way valve 31 may have a flow rate adjusting function.
- a pressure sensor 33 is attached to the pressure accumulator 30.
- the pressure sensor 33 can measure the pressure inside the accumulator 30. Therefore, the filling rate of the pressure accumulator 30 can be measured by the pressure sensor 33.
- the measured pressure data is sent to the control device 40 and used for the control described later.
- a heat exchanger 50 is interposed between the compression / expansion machine 10 and the accumulator 30.
- a heat medium is supplied to the heat exchanger 50, and the heat exchanger 50 exchanges heat between the heat medium and air. Therefore, in the heat exchanger 50, air is heated or cooled by a heat medium as needed.
- the heat exchanger 50 is fluidly connected to the high temperature heat medium tank 51 and the low temperature heat medium tank 52.
- the high temperature heat medium tank 51 is a tank for storing a relatively high temperature heat medium
- the low temperature heat medium tank 52 is a tank for storing a relatively low temperature heat medium.
- the type of heat medium is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, water or oil.
- a heat medium pump 53 is arranged in a heat medium flow path that fluidly connects the high temperature heat medium tank 51 and the low temperature heat medium tank 52 via the heat exchanger 50.
- the heat medium pump 53 can supply a high temperature heat medium from the high temperature heat medium tank 51 to the heat exchanger 50, and can supply a low temperature heat medium from the low temperature heat medium tank 52 to the heat exchanger 50.
- the flow rate of the heat medium supplied to the heat exchanger 50 by the heat medium pump 53 may be adjusted to adjust the amount of heat exchange.
- the motor generator 20 When the CAES power generation device 1 performs the charging operation, the motor generator 20 is driven as an electric motor by the input power from the power generation facility 2. Rotational power is transmitted from the motor generator 20 driven as an electric motor to the compression / expansion machine 10 via the transmission unit 21, and the motor generator 10 drives the compression / expansion machine 10 as a compressor. Therefore, in the charging operation, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 uses electric power to take in air from the low-pressure port 11, compress the taken-in air, and discharge the compressed air from the high-pressure port 12. The discharged compressed air is stored in the accumulator 30.
- the heat medium pump 53 supplies the low temperature heat medium from the low temperature heat medium tank 52 to the heat exchanger 50.
- the heat exchanger 50 the low-temperature heat medium supplied from the low-temperature heat medium tank 52 and the high-temperature compressed air heated by the heat of compression exchange heat.
- the compressed air is cooled and the heat medium is heated. Therefore, the compressed air is sent to the accumulator 30 and stored in a cooled and cooled state.
- the heat medium is sent to and stored in the high temperature heat medium tank 51 in a state of being heated and heated.
- compressed air is supplied from the accumulator unit 30 to the high pressure port 12 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10.
- the compressed air supplied to the compressor drives the compression / expansion machine 10 as an expander, and the rotational power is transmitted from the compression / expansion machine 10 to the motor generator 20 via the transmission 21 and is electrically operated by the compression / expansion machine 10.
- the generator 20 is driven as a generator. Therefore, in the power generation operation, compressed air is supplied from the accumulator 30 to the high pressure port 12, the compressed air is expanded in the compression / expansion combined machine 10, and the expanded air is exhausted from the low pressure port 11.
- the heat medium pump 53 supplies the high temperature heat medium from the high temperature heat medium tank 51 to the heat exchanger 50.
- the heat exchanger 50 the high-temperature heat medium supplied from the high-temperature heat medium tank 51 to the heat exchanger 50 and the compressed air supplied from the accumulator 30 exchange heat.
- the compressed air is heated and the heat medium is cooled. Therefore, the compressed air is sent to the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in a state of being heated and heated, and is expanded.
- the heat medium is sent to the low temperature heat medium tank 52 and stored in a cooled and cooled state.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the amount of specific power with respect to the operating pressure of the CAES power generator.
- the horizontal axis shows the operating pressure
- the vertical axis shows the specific electric energy (specific electric energy or specific generated electric energy).
- the pressure Pmin indicates the pressure when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 0%, that is, the lower limit of the pressure that air with a pressure lower than this value cannot generate electricity.
- the pressure Pmax indicates the pressure when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 100%, that is, the upper limit of the pressure at which air having a pressure higher than this value cannot be stored.
- a curve showing the specific electric energy SPC in the charging operation and a curve showing the specific electric energy SPG in the power generation operation are drawn.
- the pressures P0, P1 and P2 indicate the pressure between the pressure Pmin and the pressure Pmax, and are the pressures increasing in this order (Pmin ⁇ P0 ⁇ P1 ⁇ P2 ⁇ Pmax).
- the rotation speeds Rc4, Rc1, Rc2, and Rc3 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 corresponding to the respective pressures Pmin, P1, P2, and Pmax in the charging operation are shown as subscripts, respectively.
- the rotation speeds Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, and Rg4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 corresponding to the respective pressures Pmin, P1, P2, and Pmax in the power generation operation are shown as subscripts, respectively.
- the specific electric energy required for the charging operation is the specific electric energy generated by the power generation operation. Higher than quantity.
- the rotation speeds Rc1 to Rc4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in the charging operation are set to be smaller than the rotation speeds Rg1 to Rg4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in the power generation operation (Rc1 to Rc4 ⁇ Rg1 to Rg4). ..
- the actual amount of charging power and the actual amount of generated power are made almost the same. Therefore, the same amount of charging power and the amount of generated power can be secured in the charging operation and the power generation operation, and the rated operation can be executed.
- the specific electric power amount of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 changes according to the filling rate of the accumulator 30 (that is, the operating pressure on the horizontal axis of FIG. 2).
- the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is changed according to the storage pressure of the accumulator unit 30.
- the rotation speeds Rc1, Rc2, and Rc3 when the operating pressures are P1, P2, and Pmax are set to decrease in this order (Rc1> Rc2> Rc3). That is, the rotation speed is set to decrease as the specific charge electric energy SPC increases.
- the rotation speeds Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rg4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 when the operating pressures Pmin, P1, P2, Pmax (Pmin ⁇ P1 ⁇ P2 ⁇ Pmax) are reduced in this order.
- Rg1> Rg2> Rg3> Rg4 is set to. That is, the rotation speed is set to decrease as the specific power generation amount SPG increases.
- FIG. 2 shows a graph relating to a two-stage compression / expansion combined machine.
- the specific charge electric energy SPC does not simply increase according to the operating pressure. That is, when the pressure is less than the pressure P0, the specific charging electric energy SPC increases as the operating pressure decreases. This indicates that the pressure P0 is the design discharge pressure of the low pressure stage. Therefore, the rotation speed Rc4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 at the pressure Pmin is set lower than the rotation speed Rc1 at the pressure P1 (Rc4 ⁇ Rc1).
- the present invention is not limited to either the single-stage type or the multi-stage type.
- the transmission unit 21 is in the above range (0). It is necessary to have a gear ratio R of .7 Rmax ⁇ R ⁇ Rmax). Thereby, the required rotation speeds Rg1 to Rg4 and Rc1 to Rc4 can be realized. That is, according to the present embodiment, the compression / expansion combined use is performed based on the allowable maximum rotation speed Umax of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, the number of poles Np of the electric power generation combined machine 20, and the rotor diameter D of the compression / expansion combined machine 10.
- the range of the power transmission ratio (gear ratio R) between the machine 10 and the electric power generation machine 20 is defined.
- the range of the gear ratio R is defined from the following two points that affect the specific electric energy. The first is the distinction between the charging operation and the power generation operation, and the second is the filling rate of the accumulator 30. In consideration of these, in order to secure the rated charging power amount and generated power amount in a wide range, it is necessary to change the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in a wide range.
- the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 can be changed in a wide range, and the rated charging power amount and the rated charging power amount in a wide range and The amount of generated power can be secured.
- the conditions for the maximum rotation speed and the minimum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 are set as follows for the CAES power generation device 1 that performs the above operation operation.
- the rotation speed Rg1 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 0% is set to be the maximum rotation speed. That is, when the specific power generation amount at which the filling rate of the accumulator is 0% is the smallest, the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is set to the maximum rotation speed. As a result, as much generated power as possible can be secured.
- the maximum rotation speed is set to be the allowable maximum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10.
- the maximum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 it is possible to operate by suitably utilizing the maximum allowable rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, and it is possible to perform rated operation in a wide range of operating pressures (filling rate of the accumulator 30).
- the minimum rotation speed is set so that the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 100% (that is, when the pressure is Pmax) is the minimum rotation speed in the charging operation.
- the rated charging electric energy can be secured in a wide range of operating pressures (filling rate of the accumulator 30).
- the minimum rotation speed is set to be 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10.
- the compression / expansion combined machine 10 can be operated within the allowable operating temperature. Specifically, in the compression operation, the compressed air originally flows from the low pressure port 11 to the high pressure port, but due to the pressure difference between the low pressure port 11 and the high pressure port 12 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, some of the compressed air becomes the high pressure port. Backflow from 12 to the low pressure port 11. Since the amount of backflow air is almost constant regardless of the rotation speed of the screw rotor, the smaller the rotation speed, the greater the ratio of the backflow air to the air taken in from the atmosphere.
- the internal temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 becomes higher as the rotation speed becomes smaller, and the discharge temperature also rises. Therefore, in order to keep the internal temperature and the discharge temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 within the allowable operating temperature, it is necessary to keep the minimum rotation speed at a certain level or higher. For example, such a minimum rotation speed is 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotation speed.
- rated operation can be realized in a wide range of pressures (Pmin to Pmax) regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed.
- the filling rate of the pressure accumulator portion 30 is not limited to the one in which the pressure Pmin is set to 0% and the pressure Pmax is set to 100% as described in the above embodiment.
- the pressure P1 may be set to about atmospheric pressure, and the filling rate may be set to 0% at the pressure P1.
- any pressure P2 between pressures P1 and Pmax may be set to a filling factor of 100%.
- CAES power generation device Compressed air storage power generation device
- Power generation equipment Compression and expansion combined machine 11
- Low pressure port High pressure port
- Electric power generation combined machine Transmission unit 22
- Inverter 30
- Pressure storage unit 31
- Three-way valve 32
- Check valve 33
- Pressure sensor 40
- Heat exchanger 51
- High temperature heat medium tank 52
- Low temperature heat medium tank 53 Heat medium pump
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Abstract
A compressed air energy storage (CAES) electricity generating device 1 is provided with a combined compressor/expander 10, a combined electric motor/electricity generator 20, a pressure accumulating unit 30, and a transmission unit 21. The combined compressor/expander 10 functions as a compressor and functions as an expander. The combined electric motor/electricity generator 20 is mechanically connected to the combined compressor/expander 10, and functions as an electric motor that drives the combined compressor/expander 10, and function as an electricity generator that is driven by the combined compressor/expander 10. The pressure accumulating unit 30 is fluidly connected to the combined compressor/expander 10, and stores compressed air generated by the combined compressor/expander 10. The transmission unit 21 is interposed between the combined compressor/expander 10 and the combined electric motor/electricity generator 20, and has a transmission ratio R. The transmission ratio R satisfies 0.7Rmax≤R≤Rmax, and Rmax=Umax∙Np/(120πD).
Description
本発明は、圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置に関する。
The present invention relates to a compressed air storage power generation device.
変動する不安定な発電出力を平滑化または平準化するための技術の一つとして、圧縮空気貯蔵(CAES:compressed air energy storage)が知られている。この技術を利用したCAES発電装置では、電力を使用して電動機で圧縮機を駆動することにより圧縮空気を生成する。生成された圧縮空気は一時的に貯蔵され、電力が必要なときに、貯蔵された圧縮空気で膨張機(タービン)を作動させて発電機を駆動することにより発電する。
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is known as one of the technologies for smoothing or leveling the fluctuating and unstable power generation output. In a CAES power generation device using this technology, compressed air is generated by driving a compressor with an electric motor using electric power. The generated compressed air is temporarily stored, and when electric power is required, the stored compressed air is used to operate an expander (turbine) to drive a generator to generate electricity.
特許文献1では、CAES発電装置において、圧縮機と膨張機を兼用にした圧縮膨張兼用機を使用したものが開示されている。
Patent Document 1 discloses a CAES power generation device that uses both a compressor and an expander.
特許文献1では、圧縮膨張兼用機を使用したCAES発電装置において、充電運転と発電運転の別によらずに広範囲の圧力で定格運転を行う方法について言及されていない。
Patent Document 1 does not mention a method of performing rated operation at a wide range of pressure regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed in a CAES power generation device using a compression / expansion combined machine.
CAES発電装置には広範囲の定格運転能力が求められる。しかし、圧縮膨張兼用機を使用したCAES発電装置では、充電運転(圧縮運転)の効率が発電運転(膨張運転)の効率よりも高いため、広範囲の定格運転を実現することが難しい。具体的には、1kgの圧縮空気を生成するために必要な電力量(比充電電力量)よりも、1kgの圧縮空気から発電可能な電力量(比発電電力量)の方が一般に少ない(以降、比充電電力量ないし比発電電力量のことを単に比電力量ともいう)。従って、定格運転を実現するためには、従来であれば充電運転と発電運転の別に応じた制御が必要であった。また、運転圧力(貯蔵されている圧縮空気の圧力)によっても比電力量は変化するため、従来であれば広範囲の圧力で定格運転を実行するためには運転圧力に応じた制御も必要であった。
CAES power generation equipment is required to have a wide range of rated operating capacity. However, in the CAES power generation device using the compression / expansion combined machine, the efficiency of the charging operation (compression operation) is higher than the efficiency of the power generation operation (expansion operation), so that it is difficult to realize a wide range of rated operations. Specifically, the amount of power that can be generated from 1 kg of compressed air (specific power generation amount) is generally smaller than the amount of power required to generate 1 kg of compressed air (specific charge power amount) (hereinafter). , The specific charge electric energy or the specific power generation amount is also simply called the specific electric energy). Therefore, in order to realize the rated operation, it has been conventionally necessary to control the charging operation and the power generation operation separately. In addition, since the specific electric energy changes depending on the operating pressure (pressure of the stored compressed air), it is necessary to control according to the operating pressure in order to execute the rated operation at a wide range of pressures in the past. It was.
本発明は、圧縮膨張兼用機を使用した圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置において、充電運転と発電運転の別によらずに広範囲の圧力で定格運転を実現することを課題とする。
An object of the present invention is to realize rated operation in a wide range of pressures regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed in a compressed air storage power generation device using a compression / expansion combined machine.
本発明は、
空気を圧縮する圧縮機としての機能および圧縮空気を膨張させる膨張機としての機能を有する圧縮膨張兼用機と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と機械的に接続され、前記圧縮膨張兼用機を駆動する電動機としての機能および前記圧縮膨張兼用機によって駆動される発電機としての機能を有する電動発電兼用機と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と流体的に接続され、前記圧縮膨張兼用機により生成された圧縮空気を貯蔵する蓄圧部と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と前記電動発電兼用機との間に介設され、以下の式の範囲の変速比Rを有する変速部と、
Umax:前記圧縮膨張兼用機の許容最高回転速度(m/s)又はピストン許容周速(m/s)
Np:前記電動発電兼用機の極数
D:前記圧縮膨張兼用機のロータ外径(m)又はクランク回転径(m)
Rmax:最大変速比
を備える、圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置を提供する。 The present invention
A compression / expansion machine that has a function as a compressor that compresses air and a function as an expander that expands compressed air,
A motor generator that is mechanically connected to the compression / expansion machine and has a function as an electric motor that drives the compression / expansion machine and a function as a generator that is driven by the compression / expansion machine.
A pressure accumulator that is fluidly connected to the compression / expansion machine and stores compressed air generated by the compression / expansion machine.
A transmission unit provided between the compression / expansion combined machine and the motor generator combined machine and having a gear ratio R in the range of the following formula,
Umax: Allowable maximum rotation speed (m / s) or piston allowable peripheral speed (m / s) of the compression / expansion combined machine
Np: Number of poles of the motor generator D: Rotor outer diameter (m) or crank rotation diameter (m) of the compression / expansion machine
Rmax: maximum gear ratio
Provided is a compressed air storage power generation device.
空気を圧縮する圧縮機としての機能および圧縮空気を膨張させる膨張機としての機能を有する圧縮膨張兼用機と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と機械的に接続され、前記圧縮膨張兼用機を駆動する電動機としての機能および前記圧縮膨張兼用機によって駆動される発電機としての機能を有する電動発電兼用機と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と流体的に接続され、前記圧縮膨張兼用機により生成された圧縮空気を貯蔵する蓄圧部と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と前記電動発電兼用機との間に介設され、以下の式の範囲の変速比Rを有する変速部と、
Umax:前記圧縮膨張兼用機の許容最高回転速度(m/s)又はピストン許容周速(m/s)
Np:前記電動発電兼用機の極数
D:前記圧縮膨張兼用機のロータ外径(m)又はクランク回転径(m)
Rmax:最大変速比
を備える、圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置を提供する。 The present invention
A compression / expansion machine that has a function as a compressor that compresses air and a function as an expander that expands compressed air,
A motor generator that is mechanically connected to the compression / expansion machine and has a function as an electric motor that drives the compression / expansion machine and a function as a generator that is driven by the compression / expansion machine.
A pressure accumulator that is fluidly connected to the compression / expansion machine and stores compressed air generated by the compression / expansion machine.
A transmission unit provided between the compression / expansion combined machine and the motor generator combined machine and having a gear ratio R in the range of the following formula,
Umax: Allowable maximum rotation speed (m / s) or piston allowable peripheral speed (m / s) of the compression / expansion combined machine
Np: Number of poles of the motor generator D: Rotor outer diameter (m) or crank rotation diameter (m) of the compression / expansion machine
Rmax: maximum gear ratio
Provided is a compressed air storage power generation device.
この構成によれば、圧縮膨張兼用機の許容最高回転速度又はピストン許容周速と、電動発電兼用機の極数と、圧縮膨張兼用機のロータ径又はクランク回転径とに基づいて、圧縮膨張兼用機と電動発電兼用機との間の動力伝達比(変速比R)の範囲を規定している。変速比Rの範囲は、比電力量に影響を与える以下の2点から規定されている。第1に充電運転と発電運転の別であり、第2に蓄圧部の充填率である。これらを考慮して広範囲で定格の充電電力量および発電電力量を確保するためには、圧縮膨張兼用機の回転速度を広範囲に変化できる必要がある。これに対し、変速比Rを上記範囲(0.7Rmax≦R≦Rmax)に規定することで、圧縮膨張兼用機の回転速度を必要な範囲で変化させることができる。これにより、広範な運転範囲で定格の充電電力量および発電電力量を確保できる。即ち、充電運転と発電運転の別によらずに広範囲の圧力で定格運転を実現できる。
According to this configuration, the compression / expansion combined use is performed based on the allowable maximum rotation speed or piston allowable peripheral speed of the compression / expansion combined machine, the number of poles of the electric power generation combined machine, and the rotor diameter or crank rotation diameter of the compression / expansion combined machine. The range of the power transmission ratio (gear ratio R) between the machine and the machine for electric power generation is specified. The range of the gear ratio R is defined from the following two points that affect the specific electric energy. The first is the distinction between the charging operation and the power generation operation, and the second is the filling rate of the accumulator. In consideration of these, in order to secure the rated charging power amount and generated power amount in a wide range, it is necessary to be able to change the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine in a wide range. On the other hand, by defining the gear ratio R in the above range (0.7Rmax ≦ R ≦ Rmax), the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine can be changed within a necessary range. As a result, the rated charging power amount and generated power amount can be secured in a wide operating range. That is, the rated operation can be realized in a wide range of pressures regardless of whether the charging operation or the power generation operation is performed.
前記圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置では、前記電動発電兼用機が発電機として機能する発電運転において、前記蓄圧部の充填率が0%のときの前記圧縮膨張兼用機が最高回転速度又はピストン最高周速で駆動するように設定されてもよい。
In the compressed air storage power generation device, in the power generation operation in which the motor generator functions as a generator, the compression / expansion machine has the maximum rotation speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the pressure accumulator is 0%. It may be set to drive.
この構成によれば、発電運転における蓄圧部の充填率が0%の最も比発電電力量が小さくなる場合に圧縮膨張兼用機が最高回転速度又はピストン最高周速で駆動するように設定されている。ここで、充填率が0%とは、発電限界値であり、即ち、蓄圧部における貯蔵圧力が小さく、これ未満の圧力では発電できないか又は許容される効率未満の発電となる貯蔵圧力の状態をいう。従って、当該状態で圧縮膨張兼用機を最高回転速度又はピストン最高周速で駆動することにより、当該状態で可能な限り多くの発電電力量を確保でき、広範囲の充填率で定格の発電電力量を確保できる。
According to this configuration, the compression / expansion combined machine is set to be driven at the maximum rotation speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the accumulator portion in the power generation operation is 0% and the specific power generation amount is the smallest. .. Here, the filling rate of 0% is the power generation limit value, that is, the state of the storage pressure in which the storage pressure in the accumulator is small and the power cannot be generated at a pressure lower than this, or the power generation is less than the allowable efficiency. Say. Therefore, by driving the compression / expansion combined machine at the maximum rotation speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston in this state, it is possible to secure as much power generation as possible in the state, and to obtain the rated power generation amount in a wide range of filling rates. Can be secured.
前記最高回転速度又は前記ピストン最高周速は、前記圧縮膨張兼用機の前記許容最高回転速度又は前記ピストン許容周速であってもよい。
The maximum rotational speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston may be the maximum allowable rotational speed of the compression / expansion machine or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston.
この構成によれば、圧縮膨張兼用機の許容最高回転速度又はピストン許容周速を好適に利用した運転が可能となり、広範囲の充填率での定格運転が可能となる。
According to this configuration, it is possible to operate by suitably utilizing the allowable maximum rotation speed or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston of the compression / expansion combined machine, and it is possible to perform the rated operation in a wide range of filling rates.
前記圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置では、前記電動発電兼用機が電動機として機能する充電運転において、前記蓄圧部の充填率が100%のときの前記圧縮膨張兼用機が最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速で駆動するように設定されてもよい。
In the compressed air storage power generation device, in the charging operation in which the motor generator functions as an electric motor, the compressor / expansion machine is driven at the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the pressure accumulator is 100%. It may be set to.
この構成によれば、充電運転における蓄圧部の充填率が100%の場合に圧縮膨張兼用機が最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速となるように設定されている。ここで、充填率が100%とは、蓄圧限界値であり、即ち、蓄圧部内の圧力が最大許容圧力に達していることをいう。従って、当該状態で圧縮膨張兼用機の回転速度を最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速に設定することにより、広範囲で定格の充電電力量を確保できる。
According to this configuration, the compression / expansion combined machine is set to have the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the accumulator portion in the charging operation is 100%. Here, the filling rate of 100% is the accumulator limit value, that is, the pressure in the accumulator portion has reached the maximum permissible pressure. Therefore, by setting the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine to the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston in this state, the rated charging power amount can be secured in a wide range.
前記最低回転速度又は前記ピストン最低周速は、前記圧縮膨張兼用機の前記許容最高回転速度又は前記ピストン許容周速の0.4倍以上であってもよい。
The minimum rotational speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston may be 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotational speed of the compression / expansion combined machine or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston.
この構成によれば、最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速を許容最高回転速度ピストン許容周速の0.4倍以上に設定している。これにより、圧縮膨張兼用機を運転許容温度内で運転できる。詳細には、圧縮膨張兼用機が圧縮機として動作する際、圧縮膨張兼用機の吸気口(低圧口)と吐出口(高圧口)との圧力差によって、一部の圧縮空気は吐出口(高圧口)から吸気口(低圧口)へ逆流する。この逆流する空気の流量はロータの回転速度又はピストン周速によらずほぼ一定であるため、回転速度又はピストン周速が低いほど、大気から吸気する空気に対して逆流する空気の比率が増加する。よって、圧縮膨張兼用機の内部温度は回転速度又はピストン周速が低いほど高温となり、吐出温度も上昇する。従って、圧縮膨張兼用機の内部温度および吐出温度を運転許容温度内に保つためには、最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速を一定以上に保つ必要がある。例えば、そのような最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速は、上記の通り、許容最高回転速度又はピストン許容周速の0.4倍以上である。
According to this configuration, the minimum rotational speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston is set to 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotational speed of the piston. As a result, the compression / expansion combined machine can be operated within the allowable operating temperature. Specifically, when the compressor / expansion machine operates as a compressor, some of the compressed air is discharged due to the pressure difference between the intake port (low pressure port) and the discharge port (high pressure port) of the compression / expansion machine. Backflow from the port) to the air intake (low pressure port). Since the flow rate of this backflowing air is almost constant regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor or the peripheral speed of the piston, the lower the rotation speed or the peripheral speed of the piston, the greater the ratio of the backflowing air to the air taken in from the atmosphere. .. Therefore, the internal temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine becomes higher as the rotation speed or the peripheral speed of the piston becomes lower, and the discharge temperature also rises. Therefore, in order to keep the internal temperature and the discharge temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine within the allowable operating temperature, it is necessary to keep the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston at a certain level or higher. For example, such a minimum rotational speed or a minimum peripheral speed of a piston is 0.4 times or more an allowable maximum rotational speed or an allowable peripheral speed of a piston as described above.
前記圧縮膨張兼用機は、スクリュ型であってもよい。
The compression / expansion combined machine may be a screw type.
この構成によれば、スクリュロータの回転速度の調整によって、充電電力量および発電電力量を調整できるため、不規則に変動する要求電力(要求される充電電力または発電電力)に応答性良く追従でき、広範な運転範囲を有するCAES発電装置を提供できる。
According to this configuration, the amount of charging power and the amount of generated power can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the screw rotor, so that the required power (required charging power or generated power) that fluctuates irregularly can be followed with good responsiveness. , Can provide a CAES power generator with a wide operating range.
本発明によれば、圧縮膨張兼用機を使用した圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置において、充電運転と発電運転の別によらずに広範囲の圧力で定格運転を実現できる。
According to the present invention, in a compressed air storage power generation device using a compression / expansion combined machine, rated operation can be realized with a wide range of pressure regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed.
以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図1を参照して、CAES発電装置1は、再生可能エネルギーを利用して発電する発電設備2から電力を受けて充電運転を行い、電力需要に合わせて発電運転を行う。即ち、CAES発電装置1は、発電設備2の不規則な出力変動を平準化するとともに、電力需要に応じた電力供給を行う。
With reference to FIG. 1, the CAES power generation device 1 receives power from a power generation facility 2 that generates power using renewable energy, performs a charging operation, and performs a power generation operation according to the power demand. That is, the CAES power generation device 1 equalizes irregular output fluctuations of the power generation facility 2 and supplies power according to the power demand.
本実施形態では、再生可能エネルギーを利用して発電する発電設備2として風力発電設備を例示している。ただし、CAES発電装置1が対象とする再生可能エネルギーの種類は、これに限定されず、太陽光、太陽熱、波力、潮力、流水、または潮汐等の自然の力で定常的ないし反復的に補充され、不規則に変動するエネルギーを利用した発電の全てを対象とし得る。さらに言えば、再生可能エネルギー以外にも不規則に稼働する発電設備を有する工場等のように、発電量が変動するものすべてを対象とし得る。
In this embodiment, a wind power generation facility is illustrated as a power generation facility 2 that generates power using renewable energy. However, the type of renewable energy targeted by the CAES power generation device 1 is not limited to this, and is constantly or repeatedly generated by natural forces such as sunlight, solar heat, wave power, tidal power, running water, or tidal power. It can cover all power generation using replenished and irregularly fluctuating energy. Furthermore, in addition to renewable energy, it can be applied to all factories whose power generation amount fluctuates, such as factories having power generation facilities that operate irregularly.
CAES発電装置1は、圧縮膨張兼用機10と、電動発電兼用機20と、蓄圧部30と、制御装置40とを備える。
The CAES power generation device 1 includes a compression / expansion combined machine 10, an electric power generation combined machine 20, a pressure accumulator 30, and a control device 40.
圧縮膨張兼用機10は、空気を圧縮する圧縮機としての機能および圧縮空気を膨張させる膨張機としての機能を有する。また、圧縮膨張兼用機10は、低圧口11および高圧口12を有する。圧縮膨張兼用機10は、圧縮機として機能するときには低圧口11から空気を吸気し、内部で空気を圧縮し、高圧口12から圧縮空気を吐出する。圧縮膨張兼用機10は、膨張機として機能するときには高圧口12から圧縮空気を給気され、内部で圧縮空気を膨張し、低圧口11から空気を排気する。
The compression / expansion combined machine 10 has a function as a compressor for compressing air and a function as an expander for expanding compressed air. Further, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 has a low pressure port 11 and a high pressure port 12. When the compressor 10 functions as a compressor, the compression / expansion machine 10 takes in air from the low pressure port 11, compresses the air inside, and discharges the compressed air from the high pressure port 12. When the compression / expansion machine 10 functions as an expander, compressed air is supplied from the high pressure port 12, the compressed air is expanded inside, and air is exhausted from the low pressure port 11.
本実施形態では、圧縮膨張兼用機10は、スクリュ型である。スクリュ型の圧縮膨張兼用機10は、内部のスクリュロータの回転速度を制御可能であるため、不規則に変動する要求電力(要求される充電電力または発電電力)に応答性良く追従できる。従って、スクリュ型の圧縮膨張兼用機10は、CAES発電装置1の構成要素として好ましい。また、圧縮と膨張でスクリュロータを兼用とし、圧縮と膨張でスクリュロータの回転方向を互いに逆方向とする構成とすることにより、圧縮膨張兼用機10を簡易に構成できる。ただし、圧縮膨張兼用機10は、スクリュ型に限定されず、回転式または往復式のものであればよい。ここでの回転式は、スクリュ型、遠心型、軸流型、またはスクロール型などの全ての種類のものを含む。往復式は、ピストン式またはダイヤフラム式などの全ての種類のものを含む。
In the present embodiment, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is a screw type. Since the screw type compression / expansion combined machine 10 can control the rotation speed of the internal screw rotor, it can responsively follow the required power (required charging power or generated power) that fluctuates irregularly. Therefore, the screw type compression / expansion combined machine 10 is preferable as a component of the CAES power generation device 1. Further, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 can be easily configured by using the screw rotor for both compression and expansion and rotating the screw rotors in opposite directions for compression and expansion. However, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is not limited to the screw type, and may be a rotary type or a reciprocating type. The rotary type here includes all types such as a screw type, a centrifugal type, an axial flow type, or a scroll type. The reciprocating type includes all types such as a piston type or a diaphragm type.
圧縮膨張兼用機10には、変速部21を介して電動発電兼用機20が機械的に接続されている。電動発電兼用機20は、圧縮膨張兼用機10を圧縮機として動作させる電動機(モータ)としての機能および膨張機として動作する圧縮膨張兼用機10によって駆動される発電機としての機能を有する。
The motor generator 20 is mechanically connected to the compression / expansion machine 10 via the transmission unit 21. The electric power generation combined machine 20 has a function as an electric motor (motor) for operating the compression / expansion combined machine 10 as a compressor and a function as a generator driven by the compression / expansion combined machine 10 operating as an expander.
電動発電兼用機20には、発電設備2が電気的に接続されている。充電運転においては、電動発電兼用機20は、電動機として機能し、発電設備2からの変動する入力電力によって駆動される。
The power generation facility 2 is electrically connected to the motor generator 20. In the charging operation, the motor generator 20 functions as a motor generator and is driven by the fluctuating input power from the power generation facility 2.
電動発電兼用機20は、不図示の電力系統にも電気的に接続されている。発電運転においては、電動発電兼用機20は、発電機として機能し、発電した出力電力は当該電力系統に送電される。
The motor generator 20 is also electrically connected to a power system (not shown). In the power generation operation, the electric power generation combined machine 20 functions as a generator, and the generated output power is transmitted to the power system.
電動発電兼用機20の動作は、制御装置40によって制御されている。具体的には、電動発電兼用機20にはインバータ22が電気的に接続されている。インバータ22は、制御装置40によって制御されている。従って、制御装置40は、インバータ22によって電動発電兼用機20の回転速度を制御している。
The operation of the motor generator 20 is controlled by the control device 40. Specifically, the inverter 22 is electrically connected to the motor generator 20. The inverter 22 is controlled by the control device 40. Therefore, the control device 40 controls the rotation speed of the motor generator 20 by the inverter 22.
変速部21は、圧縮膨張兼用機10と電動発電兼用機20との間の回転動力の伝達比(変速比)を変更する。変速部21は、例えば変速ギアであり、大小の歯数の違うギアを噛合させることにより、変速比を変更することができる。本実施形態では、変速部21は、以下の式の範囲の変速比Rを有する。なお、本実施形態では、スクリュ型(回転式の一例)の圧縮膨張兼用機10を使用するため、「回転速度」の用語を使用している。代替的には、ピストン式の圧縮膨張兼用機10を使用する場合、「回転速度」を「ピストン周速」と読み替え、かつ、「ロータ外径」を「クランク回転径」と読み替えることで、以下の説明および式を同様に適用できる。
The transmission unit 21 changes the transmission ratio (gear ratio) of the rotational power between the compression / expansion combined machine 10 and the motor generator combined machine 20. The transmission unit 21 is, for example, a transmission gear, and the gear ratio can be changed by engaging gears having different numbers of teeth. In the present embodiment, the transmission unit 21 has a gear ratio R in the range of the following formula. In this embodiment, since the screw type (an example of the rotary type) compression / expansion combined machine 10 is used, the term “rotational speed” is used. Alternatively, when using the piston type compression / expansion machine 10, "rotation speed" should be read as "piston peripheral speed" and "rotor outer diameter" should be read as "crank rotation diameter". The description and formula of are applicable as well.
Np:電動発電兼用機20の極数
D:圧縮膨張兼用機10のロータ外径(雄側スクリュロータの最外径)(m)
Rmax:最大変速比
Np: Number of poles of
Rmax: maximum gear ratio
上記式の導出に関し、最大変速比Rmaxは当該技術分野において既知のものである。変速比Rの最小値を0.7Rmaxとしているのは以下の理由による。変速比Rを実機において検討すると、例えば、2極の電動発電兼用機20において(すなわちNp=2の場合)、回転速度を88[m/S]~120[m/S]と設定することにより好適な運転を実現できた。このときの変速比Rは2.8~3.8であって、最大変速比(3.8)に対する最低変速比(2.8)の割合は0.7である。また、他の極数Npの場合にも変速比Rを最大変速比Rmaxの7割以上に規定することで、好適な運転を実現できることを確認できた。
Regarding the derivation of the above equation, the maximum gear ratio Rmax is known in the art. The minimum value of the gear ratio R is set to 0.7Rmax for the following reasons. When the gear ratio R is examined in an actual machine, for example, in the two-pole motor generator 20 (that is, when Np = 2), the rotation speed is set to 88 [m / S] to 120 [m / S]. A suitable operation could be realized. The gear ratio R at this time is 2.8 to 3.8, and the ratio of the minimum gear ratio (2.8) to the maximum gear ratio (3.8) is 0.7. Further, it was confirmed that suitable operation can be realized by defining the gear ratio R to be 70% or more of the maximum gear ratio Rmax even in the case of other poles Np.
また、圧縮膨張兼用機10には、三方弁31や逆止弁32を介して蓄圧部30が流体的に接続されている。蓄圧部30は、圧縮空気を蓄える部分である。蓄圧部30は、例えば鋼製のタンクであり得る。蓄圧部30の数は特に限定されず、複数個のタンクが設けられてもよい。また、蓄圧部30は必ずしもタンクの態様でなくてもよい。代替的には、密閉した地下空洞のように圧縮空気を貯蔵できるものであり得る。三方弁31を切り替えることにより、圧縮膨張兼用機10から蓄圧部30に圧縮空気を供給するか、または蓄圧部30から圧縮膨張兼用機10に圧縮空気を供給するかを選択できる。また、三方弁31は、流量調整機能を有してもよい。
Further, the pressure accumulator portion 30 is fluidly connected to the compression / expansion combined machine 10 via a three-way valve 31 and a check valve 32. The pressure accumulator portion 30 is a portion that stores compressed air. The accumulator 30 may be, for example, a steel tank. The number of pressure accumulators 30 is not particularly limited, and a plurality of tanks may be provided. Further, the pressure accumulator 30 does not necessarily have to be in the form of a tank. Alternatively, it may be able to store compressed air, such as a closed underground cavity. By switching the three-way valve 31, it is possible to select whether to supply compressed air from the compression / expansion combined machine 10 to the accumulator 30 or from the accumulator 30 to the compression / expansion combined machine 10. Further, the three-way valve 31 may have a flow rate adjusting function.
蓄圧部30には、圧力センサ33が取り付けられている。圧力センサ33によって、蓄圧部30の内部の圧力を測定可能である。従って、圧力センサ33によって、蓄圧部30の充填率を測定可能である。ここで、測定された圧力データは、制御装置40に送られ、後述する制御に使用される。
A pressure sensor 33 is attached to the pressure accumulator 30. The pressure sensor 33 can measure the pressure inside the accumulator 30. Therefore, the filling rate of the pressure accumulator 30 can be measured by the pressure sensor 33. Here, the measured pressure data is sent to the control device 40 and used for the control described later.
圧縮膨張兼用機10と蓄圧部30との間には、熱交換器50が介設されている。熱交換器50には熱媒が供給されており、熱交換器50では熱媒と空気との熱交換が行われる。従って、熱交換器50では、必要に応じて空気が熱媒によって加熱または冷却される。
A heat exchanger 50 is interposed between the compression / expansion machine 10 and the accumulator 30. A heat medium is supplied to the heat exchanger 50, and the heat exchanger 50 exchanges heat between the heat medium and air. Therefore, in the heat exchanger 50, air is heated or cooled by a heat medium as needed.
熱交換器50は、高温熱媒タンク51と低温熱媒タンク52に流体的に接続されている。高温熱媒タンク51は相対的に高温の熱媒を貯蔵するタンクであり、低温熱媒タンク52は相対的に低温の熱媒を貯蔵するタンクである。ここで、熱媒の種類は特に限定されないが、例えば、水または油であり得る。
The heat exchanger 50 is fluidly connected to the high temperature heat medium tank 51 and the low temperature heat medium tank 52. The high temperature heat medium tank 51 is a tank for storing a relatively high temperature heat medium, and the low temperature heat medium tank 52 is a tank for storing a relatively low temperature heat medium. Here, the type of heat medium is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, water or oil.
熱交換器50を介して高温熱媒タンク51と低温熱媒タンク52とを流体的に接続する熱媒流路には、熱媒ポンプ53が配置されている。熱媒ポンプ53によって、高温熱媒タンク51から熱交換器50に高温の熱媒を供給でき、また低温熱媒タンク52から熱交換器50に低温の熱媒を供給できる。熱媒ポンプ53によって熱交換器50に供給される熱媒の流量を調整し、熱交換量を調整してもよい。
A heat medium pump 53 is arranged in a heat medium flow path that fluidly connects the high temperature heat medium tank 51 and the low temperature heat medium tank 52 via the heat exchanger 50. The heat medium pump 53 can supply a high temperature heat medium from the high temperature heat medium tank 51 to the heat exchanger 50, and can supply a low temperature heat medium from the low temperature heat medium tank 52 to the heat exchanger 50. The flow rate of the heat medium supplied to the heat exchanger 50 by the heat medium pump 53 may be adjusted to adjust the amount of heat exchange.
上記構成を有するCAES発電装置1の運転動作について説明する。
The operating operation of the CAES power generation device 1 having the above configuration will be described.
CAES発電装置1が充電運転を行うときには、発電設備2からの入力電力により電動発電兼用機20を電動機として駆動する。電動機として駆動する電動発電兼用機20から変速部21を介して圧縮膨張兼用機10に回転動力が伝達され、電動発電兼用機20によって圧縮膨張兼用機10が圧縮機として駆動される。従って、充電運転では、圧縮膨張兼用機10は、電力を使用して低圧口11から空気を吸気し、吸気した空気を圧縮し、圧縮空気を高圧口12から吐出する。吐出された圧縮空気は、蓄圧部30に貯蔵される。
When the CAES power generation device 1 performs the charging operation, the motor generator 20 is driven as an electric motor by the input power from the power generation facility 2. Rotational power is transmitted from the motor generator 20 driven as an electric motor to the compression / expansion machine 10 via the transmission unit 21, and the motor generator 10 drives the compression / expansion machine 10 as a compressor. Therefore, in the charging operation, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 uses electric power to take in air from the low-pressure port 11, compress the taken-in air, and discharge the compressed air from the high-pressure port 12. The discharged compressed air is stored in the accumulator 30.
充電運転では、熱媒ポンプ53によって、低温熱媒タンク52から熱交換器50に低温の熱媒が供給される。熱交換器50では、低温熱媒タンク52から供給された低温の熱媒と、圧縮熱によって昇温した高温の圧縮空気とが熱交換する。これにより、圧縮空気が冷却され、熱媒が加熱される。従って、圧縮空気は、冷却されて降温した状態で蓄圧部30に送られ貯蔵される。一方で、熱媒は、加熱されて昇温した状態で高温熱媒タンク51に送られ貯蔵される。
In the charging operation, the heat medium pump 53 supplies the low temperature heat medium from the low temperature heat medium tank 52 to the heat exchanger 50. In the heat exchanger 50, the low-temperature heat medium supplied from the low-temperature heat medium tank 52 and the high-temperature compressed air heated by the heat of compression exchange heat. As a result, the compressed air is cooled and the heat medium is heated. Therefore, the compressed air is sent to the accumulator 30 and stored in a cooled and cooled state. On the other hand, the heat medium is sent to and stored in the high temperature heat medium tank 51 in a state of being heated and heated.
CAES発電装置1が発電運転を行うときには、蓄圧部30から圧縮膨張兼用機10の高圧口12に圧縮空気が給気される。給気される圧縮空気により圧縮膨張兼用機10が膨張機として駆動し、圧縮膨張兼用機10から変速部21を介して電動発電兼用機20に回転動力が伝達され、圧縮膨張兼用機10によって電動発電兼用機20が発電機として駆動される。従って、発電運転では、蓄圧部30から高圧口12に圧縮空気を給気し、圧縮膨張兼用機10において圧縮空気を膨張させ、膨張した空気を低圧口11から排気する。
When the CAES power generation device 1 performs power generation operation, compressed air is supplied from the accumulator unit 30 to the high pressure port 12 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10. The compressed air supplied to the compressor drives the compression / expansion machine 10 as an expander, and the rotational power is transmitted from the compression / expansion machine 10 to the motor generator 20 via the transmission 21 and is electrically operated by the compression / expansion machine 10. The generator 20 is driven as a generator. Therefore, in the power generation operation, compressed air is supplied from the accumulator 30 to the high pressure port 12, the compressed air is expanded in the compression / expansion combined machine 10, and the expanded air is exhausted from the low pressure port 11.
発電運転では、熱媒ポンプ53によって、高温熱媒タンク51から熱交換器50に高温の熱媒が供給される。熱交換器50では、高温熱媒タンク51から熱交換器50に供給された高温の熱媒と、蓄圧部30から供給された圧縮空気とが熱交換する。これにより、圧縮空気が加熱され、熱媒が冷却される。従って、圧縮空気は、加熱されて昇温した状態で圧縮膨張兼用機10に送られ膨張される。一方で、熱媒は、冷却されて降温した状態で低温熱媒タンク52に送られ貯蔵される。
In the power generation operation, the heat medium pump 53 supplies the high temperature heat medium from the high temperature heat medium tank 51 to the heat exchanger 50. In the heat exchanger 50, the high-temperature heat medium supplied from the high-temperature heat medium tank 51 to the heat exchanger 50 and the compressed air supplied from the accumulator 30 exchange heat. As a result, the compressed air is heated and the heat medium is cooled. Therefore, the compressed air is sent to the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in a state of being heated and heated, and is expanded. On the other hand, the heat medium is sent to the low temperature heat medium tank 52 and stored in a cooled and cooled state.
図2は、CAES発電装置の運転圧力に対する比電力量を示すグラフである。図2において、横軸は運転圧力を示し、縦軸は比電力量(比充電電力量または比発電電力量)を示している。圧力Pminは、蓄圧部30の充填率が0%のときの圧力、すなわち、この値未満の圧力の空気では発電できないという圧力の下限値を示している。圧力Pmaxは、蓄圧部30の充填率が100%のときの圧力、すなわち、この値より高い圧力の空気を貯蔵できない圧力の上限値を示している。グラフでは、充電運転における比充電電力量SPCを示す曲線と、発電運転における比発電電力量SPGを示す曲線とが描かれている。また、圧力P0,P1,P2は、圧力Pminから圧力Pmaxの間の圧力を示し、この順に大きくなっている圧力である(Pmin<P0<P1<P2<Pmax)。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the amount of specific power with respect to the operating pressure of the CAES power generator. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis shows the operating pressure, and the vertical axis shows the specific electric energy (specific electric energy or specific generated electric energy). The pressure Pmin indicates the pressure when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 0%, that is, the lower limit of the pressure that air with a pressure lower than this value cannot generate electricity. The pressure Pmax indicates the pressure when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 100%, that is, the upper limit of the pressure at which air having a pressure higher than this value cannot be stored. In the graph, a curve showing the specific electric energy SPC in the charging operation and a curve showing the specific electric energy SPG in the power generation operation are drawn. Further, the pressures P0, P1 and P2 indicate the pressure between the pressure Pmin and the pressure Pmax, and are the pressures increasing in this order (Pmin <P0 <P1 <P2 <Pmax).
図2では、充電運転における各圧力Pmin,P1,P2,Pmaxに対応する圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rc4,Rc1,Rc2,Rc3が添え字としてそれぞれ示されている。同様に、発電運転における各圧力Pmin,P1,P2,Pmaxに対応する圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rg1,Rg2,Rg3,Rg4が添え字としてそれぞれ示されている。
In FIG. 2, the rotation speeds Rc4, Rc1, Rc2, and Rc3 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 corresponding to the respective pressures Pmin, P1, P2, and Pmax in the charging operation are shown as subscripts, respectively. Similarly, the rotation speeds Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, and Rg4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 corresponding to the respective pressures Pmin, P1, P2, and Pmax in the power generation operation are shown as subscripts, respectively.
図2において、比充電電力量SPCが比発電電力量SPGよりも上方に位置することからわかるように、圧縮膨張兼用機の特性上、充電運転に要する比電力量は、発電運転により生じる比電力量よりも高い。本実施形態では、充電運転における圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rc1~Rc4を発電運転における圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rg1~Rg4よりも小さく設定している(Rc1~Rc4<Rg1~Rg4)。これにより、実際の充電電力量と、実際の発電電力量とをほぼ同程度に揃えている。従って、充電運転と発電運転において同じ充電電力量および発電電力量を確保でき、定格運転を実行できる。
As can be seen from the fact that the specific electric energy SPC is located above the specific electric energy SPG in FIG. 2, due to the characteristics of the compression / expansion combined machine, the specific electric energy required for the charging operation is the specific electric energy generated by the power generation operation. Higher than quantity. In the present embodiment, the rotation speeds Rc1 to Rc4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in the charging operation are set to be smaller than the rotation speeds Rg1 to Rg4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in the power generation operation (Rc1 to Rc4 <Rg1 to Rg4). .. As a result, the actual amount of charging power and the actual amount of generated power are made almost the same. Therefore, the same amount of charging power and the amount of generated power can be secured in the charging operation and the power generation operation, and the rated operation can be executed.
また、図2を参照してわかるように、蓄圧部30の充填率(即ち、図2の横軸の運転圧力)に応じて圧縮膨張兼用機10の比電力量が変化する。本実施形態では、蓄圧部30の貯蔵圧力によらずに一定の充電電力量および発電電力量を得るために、圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度を蓄圧部30の貯蔵圧力に応じて変更している。
Further, as can be seen with reference to FIG. 2, the specific electric power amount of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 changes according to the filling rate of the accumulator 30 (that is, the operating pressure on the horizontal axis of FIG. 2). In the present embodiment, in order to obtain a constant charging electric energy and generated electric energy regardless of the storage pressure of the accumulator unit 30, the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is changed according to the storage pressure of the accumulator unit 30. There is.
具体的には、例えば、充電運転において、運転圧力がP1,P2,Pmaxのときの回転速度Rc1,Rc2,Rc3がこの順に小さくなるように設定されている(Rc1>Rc2>Rc3)。即ち、比充電電力量SPCが増えるほど、回転速度が小さくなるように設定している。また、例えば、発電運転において、運転圧力Pmin,P1,P2,Pmax(Pmin<P1<P2<Pmax)のときの圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rg1,Rg2,Rg3,Rg4がこの順に小さくなるように(Rg1>Rg2>Rg3>Rg4)設定されている。即ち、比発電電力量SPGが増えるほど、回転速度が小さくなるように設定している。これにより、蓄圧部30の貯蔵圧力によらずに同じ充電電力量および発電電力量を確保でき、定格運転を実行できる。
Specifically, for example, in the charging operation, the rotation speeds Rc1, Rc2, and Rc3 when the operating pressures are P1, P2, and Pmax are set to decrease in this order (Rc1> Rc2> Rc3). That is, the rotation speed is set to decrease as the specific charge electric energy SPC increases. Further, for example, in the power generation operation, the rotation speeds Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rg4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 when the operating pressures Pmin, P1, P2, Pmax (Pmin <P1 <P2 <Pmax) are reduced in this order. (Rg1> Rg2> Rg3> Rg4) is set to. That is, the rotation speed is set to decrease as the specific power generation amount SPG increases. As a result, the same amount of charging power and the amount of generated power can be secured regardless of the storage pressure of the pressure accumulating unit 30, and the rated operation can be executed.
なお、図2は、2段型の圧縮膨張兼用機に関するグラフを示している。グラフでは、比充電電力量SPCは、運転圧力に応じて単純増加するものとなっていない。即ち、圧力が圧力P0未満では、運転圧力が低下するほど、比充電電力量SPCは上昇している。これは、圧力P0が低圧段の設計吐出圧力であることを示している。従って、圧力Pminにおける圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rc4は、圧力P1における回転速度Rc1よりも低く設定されている(Rc4<Rc1)。ただし、本発明は、単段型または複数段型のいずれにも限定されるものではない。
Note that FIG. 2 shows a graph relating to a two-stage compression / expansion combined machine. In the graph, the specific charge electric energy SPC does not simply increase according to the operating pressure. That is, when the pressure is less than the pressure P0, the specific charging electric energy SPC increases as the operating pressure decreases. This indicates that the pressure P0 is the design discharge pressure of the low pressure stage. Therefore, the rotation speed Rc4 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 at the pressure Pmin is set lower than the rotation speed Rc1 at the pressure P1 (Rc4 <Rc1). However, the present invention is not limited to either the single-stage type or the multi-stage type.
このように圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度の調整によって、圧力Pminから圧力Pmaxまで、充電運転と発電運転の別によらずに、定格運転を行うためには、変速部21が前述の範囲(0.7Rmax≦R≦Rmax)の変速比Rを有することが必要である。これにより、必要な回転速度Rg1~Rg4およびRc1~Rc4を実現できる。即ち、本実施形態によれば、圧縮膨張兼用機10の許容最高回転速度Umaxと、電動発電兼用機20の極数Npと、圧縮膨張兼用機10のロータ径Dとに基づいて、圧縮膨張兼用機10と電動発電兼用機20との間の動力伝達比(変速比R)の範囲を規定している。変速比Rの範囲は、比電力量に影響を与える以下の2点から規定されている。第1に充電運転と発電運転の別であり、第2に蓄圧部30の充填率である。これらを考慮して広範囲で定格の充電電力量および発電電力量を確保するためには、圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度を広範囲に変化させる必要がある。これに対し、変速比Rを上記範囲(0.7Rmax≦R≦Rmax)に規定することで、圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度を広範囲に変化させることができ、広範囲で定格の充電電力量および発電電力量を確保できる。
In this way, by adjusting the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, in order to perform the rated operation from the pressure Pmin to the pressure Pmax regardless of whether the charging operation or the power generation operation is performed, the transmission unit 21 is in the above range (0). It is necessary to have a gear ratio R of .7 Rmax ≦ R ≦ Rmax). Thereby, the required rotation speeds Rg1 to Rg4 and Rc1 to Rc4 can be realized. That is, according to the present embodiment, the compression / expansion combined use is performed based on the allowable maximum rotation speed Umax of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, the number of poles Np of the electric power generation combined machine 20, and the rotor diameter D of the compression / expansion combined machine 10. The range of the power transmission ratio (gear ratio R) between the machine 10 and the electric power generation machine 20 is defined. The range of the gear ratio R is defined from the following two points that affect the specific electric energy. The first is the distinction between the charging operation and the power generation operation, and the second is the filling rate of the accumulator 30. In consideration of these, in order to secure the rated charging power amount and generated power amount in a wide range, it is necessary to change the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 in a wide range. On the other hand, by defining the gear ratio R in the above range (0.7Rmax ≦ R ≦ Rmax), the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 can be changed in a wide range, and the rated charging power amount and the rated charging power amount in a wide range and The amount of generated power can be secured.
好ましくは、上記運転動作を行うCAES発電装置1に対して、圧縮膨張兼用機10の最高回転速度と最低回転速度の条件を以下のように設定する。
Preferably, the conditions for the maximum rotation speed and the minimum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 are set as follows for the CAES power generation device 1 that performs the above operation operation.
最高回転速度については、発電運転において、蓄圧部30の充填率が0%のとき(即ち圧力Pminのとき)の圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度Rg1が最高回転速度となるように設定される。即ち、蓄圧部の充填率が0%の比発電電力量が最も小さくなる場合に圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度を最高回転速度に設定する。これにより、可能な限り多くの発電電力量を確保できる。
Regarding the maximum rotation speed, in the power generation operation, the rotation speed Rg1 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 0% (that is, when the pressure is Pmin) is set to be the maximum rotation speed. That is, when the specific power generation amount at which the filling rate of the accumulator is 0% is the smallest, the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 is set to the maximum rotation speed. As a result, as much generated power as possible can be secured.
さらに好ましくは、当該最高回転速度は、圧縮膨張兼用機10の許容最高回転速度となるように設定される。これにより、圧縮膨張兼用機10の許容最高回転速度を好適に利用した運転が可能となり、広範囲の運転圧力(蓄圧部30の充填率)での定格運転が可能となる。
More preferably, the maximum rotation speed is set to be the allowable maximum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10. As a result, it is possible to operate by suitably utilizing the maximum allowable rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, and it is possible to perform rated operation in a wide range of operating pressures (filling rate of the accumulator 30).
最低回転速度については、充電運転において、蓄圧部30の充填率が100%のとき(即ち圧力Pmaxのとき)の圧縮膨張兼用機10の回転速度が最低回転速度となるように設定される。これにより、広範囲の運転圧力(蓄圧部30の充填率)で定格の充電電力量を確保できる。
The minimum rotation speed is set so that the rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 when the filling rate of the accumulator 30 is 100% (that is, when the pressure is Pmax) is the minimum rotation speed in the charging operation. As a result, the rated charging electric energy can be secured in a wide range of operating pressures (filling rate of the accumulator 30).
さらに好ましくは、当該最低回転速度は、圧縮膨張兼用機10の許容最高回転速度の0.4倍以上となるように設定される。これにより、圧縮膨張兼用機10を運転許容温度内で運転できる。詳細には、圧縮動作では、本来低圧口11から高圧口へ流れる圧縮空気であるが、圧縮膨張兼用機10の低圧口11と高圧口12との圧力差によって、一部の圧縮空気が高圧口12から低圧口11へ逆流する。逆流する空気量はスクリュロータの回転速度によらずほぼ一定であるため、回転速度が小さいほど、大気から吸気する空気に対して逆流する空気の比率が増加する。よって、圧縮膨張兼用機10の内部温度は回転速度が小さいほど高温となり、吐出温度も上昇する。従って、圧縮膨張兼用機10の内部温度および吐出温度を運転許容温度内に保つためには、最低回転速度を一定以上に保つ必要がある。例えば、そのような最低回転速度は、許容最高回転速度の0.4倍以上である。
More preferably, the minimum rotation speed is set to be 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotation speed of the compression / expansion combined machine 10. As a result, the compression / expansion combined machine 10 can be operated within the allowable operating temperature. Specifically, in the compression operation, the compressed air originally flows from the low pressure port 11 to the high pressure port, but due to the pressure difference between the low pressure port 11 and the high pressure port 12 of the compression / expansion combined machine 10, some of the compressed air becomes the high pressure port. Backflow from 12 to the low pressure port 11. Since the amount of backflow air is almost constant regardless of the rotation speed of the screw rotor, the smaller the rotation speed, the greater the ratio of the backflow air to the air taken in from the atmosphere. Therefore, the internal temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 becomes higher as the rotation speed becomes smaller, and the discharge temperature also rises. Therefore, in order to keep the internal temperature and the discharge temperature of the compression / expansion combined machine 10 within the allowable operating temperature, it is necessary to keep the minimum rotation speed at a certain level or higher. For example, such a minimum rotation speed is 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotation speed.
以上のようにして、圧縮膨張兼用機10を使用したCAES発電装置1において、充電運転と発電運転の別によらずに広範囲の圧力(Pmin~Pmax)で定格運転を実現することができる。
As described above, in the CAES power generation device 1 using the compression / expansion combined machine 10, rated operation can be realized in a wide range of pressures (Pmin to Pmax) regardless of whether charging operation or power generation operation is performed.
上記まで、本発明の具体的な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記形態に限定されるものではなく、この発明の範囲内で種々変更して実施することができる。
Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.
例えば、蓄圧部30の充填率は、上記実施形態に記載されたように圧力Pminにて0%と設定し、圧力Pmaxにて100%と設定するものに限定されない。代替的には、圧力P1を大気圧程度として、圧力P1にて充填率が0%と設定してもよい。同様に、圧力P1からPmaxの間の任意の圧力P2を充填率100%と設定してもよい。これにより、運転範囲は限定されるが(図2の斜線部参照)、当該運転範囲では高い効率での運転を実現できる。
For example, the filling rate of the pressure accumulator portion 30 is not limited to the one in which the pressure Pmin is set to 0% and the pressure Pmax is set to 100% as described in the above embodiment. Alternatively, the pressure P1 may be set to about atmospheric pressure, and the filling rate may be set to 0% at the pressure P1. Similarly, any pressure P2 between pressures P1 and Pmax may be set to a filling factor of 100%. As a result, although the operating range is limited (see the shaded area in FIG. 2), it is possible to realize operation with high efficiency in the operating range.
1 圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置(CAES発電装置)
2 発電設備
10 圧縮膨張兼用機
11 低圧口
12 高圧口
20 電動発電兼用機
21 変速部
22 インバータ
30 蓄圧部
31 三方弁
32 逆止弁
33 圧力センサ
40 制御装置
50 熱交換器
51 高温熱媒タンク
52 低温熱媒タンク
53 熱媒ポンプ 1 Compressed air storage power generation device (CAES power generation device)
2Power generation equipment 10 Compression and expansion combined machine 11 Low pressure port 12 High pressure port 20 Electric power generation combined machine 21 Transmission unit 22 Inverter 30 Pressure storage unit 31 Three-way valve 32 Check valve 33 Pressure sensor 40 Control device 50 Heat exchanger 51 High temperature heat medium tank 52 Low temperature heat medium tank 53 Heat medium pump
2 発電設備
10 圧縮膨張兼用機
11 低圧口
12 高圧口
20 電動発電兼用機
21 変速部
22 インバータ
30 蓄圧部
31 三方弁
32 逆止弁
33 圧力センサ
40 制御装置
50 熱交換器
51 高温熱媒タンク
52 低温熱媒タンク
53 熱媒ポンプ 1 Compressed air storage power generation device (CAES power generation device)
2
Claims (6)
- 空気を圧縮する圧縮機としての機能および圧縮空気を膨張させる膨張機としての機能を有する圧縮膨張兼用機と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と機械的に接続され、前記圧縮膨張兼用機を駆動する電動機としての機能および前記圧縮膨張兼用機によって駆動される発電機としての機能を有する電動発電兼用機と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と流体的に接続され、前記圧縮膨張兼用機により生成された圧縮空気を貯蔵する蓄圧部と、
前記圧縮膨張兼用機と前記電動発電兼用機との間に介設され、以下の式の範囲の変速比Rを有する変速部と、
Umax:前記圧縮膨張兼用機の許容最高回転速度(m/s)又はピストン許容周速(m/s)
Np:前記電動発電兼用機の極数
D:前記圧縮膨張兼用機のロータ外径(m)又はクランク回転径(m)
Rmax:最大変速比
を備える、圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置。 A compression / expansion machine that has a function as a compressor that compresses air and a function as an expander that expands compressed air,
A motor generator that is mechanically connected to the compression / expansion machine and has a function as an electric motor that drives the compression / expansion machine and a function as a generator that is driven by the compression / expansion machine.
A pressure accumulator that is fluidly connected to the compression / expansion machine and stores compressed air generated by the compression / expansion machine.
A transmission unit provided between the compression / expansion combined machine and the motor generator combined machine and having a gear ratio R in the range of the following formula,
Umax: Allowable maximum rotation speed (m / s) or piston allowable peripheral speed (m / s) of the compression / expansion combined machine
Np: Number of poles of the motor generator D: Rotor outer diameter (m) or crank rotation diameter (m) of the compression / expansion machine
Rmax: maximum gear ratio
A compressed air storage power generator equipped with. - 前記電動発電兼用機が発電機として機能する発電運転において、前記蓄圧部の充填率が0%のときの前記圧縮膨張兼用機が最高回転速度又はピストン最高周速で駆動するように設定されている、請求項1に記載の圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置。 In the power generation operation in which the motor generator functions as a generator, the compression / expansion machine is set to be driven at the maximum rotation speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the accumulator is 0%. , The compressed air storage power generator according to claim 1.
- 前記最高回転速度又は前記ピストン最高周速は、前記圧縮膨張兼用機の許容最高回転速度又はピストン許容周速である、請求項2に記載の圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置。 The compressed air storage power generation device according to claim 2, wherein the maximum rotational speed or the maximum peripheral speed of the piston is the allowable maximum rotational speed or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston of the compression / expansion combined machine.
- 前記電動発電兼用機が電動機として機能する充電運転において、前記蓄圧部の充填率が100%のときの前記圧縮膨張兼用機が最低回転速度又はピストン最低周速で駆動するように設定されている、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置。 In the charging operation in which the motor generator functions as an electric motor, the compression / expansion machine is set to be driven at the minimum rotation speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston when the filling rate of the accumulator is 100%. The compressed air storage power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
- 前記最低回転速度又は前記ピストン最低周速は、前記圧縮膨張兼用機の前記許容最高回転速度又は前記ピストン許容周速の0.4倍以上である、請求項4に記載の圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置。 The compressed air storage power generation device according to claim 4, wherein the minimum rotational speed or the minimum peripheral speed of the piston is 0.4 times or more the allowable maximum rotational speed of the compression / expansion combined machine or the allowable peripheral speed of the piston.
- 前記圧縮膨張兼用機は、スクリュ型である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置。 The compressed air storage power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compression / expansion combined machine is a screw type.
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