WO2021036496A1 - 一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板 - Google Patents

一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021036496A1
WO2021036496A1 PCT/CN2020/099686 CN2020099686W WO2021036496A1 WO 2021036496 A1 WO2021036496 A1 WO 2021036496A1 CN 2020099686 W CN2020099686 W CN 2020099686W WO 2021036496 A1 WO2021036496 A1 WO 2021036496A1
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guide plate
layer
dentin
restoration
layered
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PCT/CN2020/099686
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English (en)
French (fr)
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于海洋
刘春煦
解晨阳
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四川大学
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Priority to DE112020000043.5T priority Critical patent/DE112020000043T5/de
Publication of WO2021036496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021036496A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A61C13/0013—Production methods using stereolithographic techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to medical device technology, in particular to a method for manufacturing a digital porcelain powder layered plastic guide plate and the guide plate.
  • All-ceramic crowns have been widely used in the restoration of the aesthetic area of anterior teeth due to their excellent aesthetic properties.
  • the base crown is usually made digitally, and then the decorative porcelain part is completed by manual piling. Therefore, different operators, even the same operator, have different results in shaping the same tooth at different times.
  • Porcelain powder stacking technology is the most important and one of the most difficult techniques for denture production. It not only requires the technician's clinical experience, but also requires the technician to have strong hand skills, aesthetics, painting foundation, and color identification.
  • the operator is based on the anatomical shape of the complete tooth from beginning to end; 4The production process does not have a clear goal constraint, and the final shape is controlled by the operator positively. Uncertainty of the results; 5The results are not repeatable, even if the same operator obtains different results at different times, it is difficult to replicate the patient’s original restoration when all-ceramic restorations have adverse reactions such as porcelain collapse.
  • the advantage of digital technology is that it is repeatable and controllable, and the result of digital-led restoration is predictable, and it can well implement the restoration concept of "starting from the end".
  • the design of the digital implant guide can fully consider the position of the postoperative restoration before the operation. This reverse thinking helps to establish the goal that should be achieved at each step of the forward operation, so as to achieve the ideal restoration effect.
  • the layered stacking of porcelain powder needs to be guided by the concept of "starting from the end”, so it is necessary to study the application of digital guide plate technology in layered stacking of porcelain powder.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the prior art, artificial methods are used for the production of dentures, which causes the production of dentures to be greatly affected by manual experience and technology, and the production results are unstable.
  • the purpose is to provide a digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate The manufacturing method and the guide plate solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • a method for manufacturing a digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate includes the following steps:
  • S1 Scan the oral cavity of the patient to obtain a digital model of the oral cavity of the patient, and obtain the contour of the restoration outer layer according to the digital model;
  • S3 Obtain an external porcelain powder plastic guide plate model according to the contour of the restoration outer layer, and obtain an internal porcelain powder plastic guide plate model according to the prosthetic dentin and developmental leaf contour; make the external porcelain according to the external porcelain powder plastic guide plate model Powder pile plastic guide plate, and manufacture an internal porcelain powder pile plastic guide plate according to the internal porcelain powder pile plastic guide plate model;
  • the patient’s oral cavity is first scanned to obtain a digital model of the patient’s oral cavity.
  • This scanning can be realized by a scanning instrument.
  • Obtaining the contour of the prosthesis according to the digital model is a means to determine the contour of the final prosthesis.
  • Obtaining the dentin and developmental leaf contours of the restoration on the basis of restoring the contour of the outer layer is a means to determine the contour of the inner layer of the final restoration.
  • the final restoration can be finalized by these two methods.
  • the finalization process can be realized by computer. , Instead of relying on human experience judgment.
  • the two guide plates are made according to the previously generated contour, and in the process of generating the final restoration, the present invention uses a three-time sintering method.
  • the first sintering is to form a dentin layer single-layer restoration. It is the basic structure of the final restoration, and the second sintering is to fill in the contracted part during sintering to facilitate the subsequent sintering process.
  • the third sintering is to generate a transparent layer.
  • the fourth sintering can be used to The structure of the third sintering is filled, and the shape of the restoration is designed using digital technology.
  • the shape of the final restoration can be predicted before the plasticization, and the layering effect of the final restoration can be predicted, and it can better imitate the teeth of adjacent teeth.
  • the essence of tooth enamel is layered in order to use digital methods to achieve precise aesthetic porcelain powder accumulation.
  • S7 enamel the aesthetic layered restoration with dentin layer, incisal modification layer and transparent layer to generate a final restoration.
  • step S2 includes the following sub-steps: using virtual cutback technology to obtain the contour of the restoration dentin and the developmental leaf on the basis of the contour of the external layer of the restoration.
  • step S1 includes the following sub-steps: using virtual cut-back technology to obtain the contour of the repaired body.
  • step S4 includes the following sub-steps: filling the dentin porcelain powder and the mixing liquid between the inner porcelain powder plastic guide plate and the abutment model Pile the mixture and compact the dentin powder on the labial and lingual sides; remove the internal ceramic powder stacking guide plate and sinter the dentin powder to obtain a single-layer dentin restoration.
  • step S5 includes the following sub-steps: filling cut-end porcelain powder between the internal porcelain powder build-up guide plate and the dentin layer single-layer restoration Mix the mixture with the mixing liquid and compact the cut-end porcelain powder on the labial and lingual sides; remove the inner porcelain powder build-up guide plate and sinter the cut-end porcelain powder to obtain dentin layer and cut-end modified layered restorations.
  • step S6 includes the following sub-steps: filling between the outer porcelain powder pile-up guide plate and the dentin layer and the cut end modified layered restoration Heap mixture of transparent porcelain powder and mixing liquid and compact the transparent porcelain powder on the lip and lingual sides; remove the external porcelain powder build-up guide plate and sinter the transparent porcelain powder to obtain a dentin layer, a cut end modification layer and a transparent layer Aesthetic layered restoration.
  • a digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate is manufactured by adopting any one of the above-mentioned manufacturing methods of the digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the present invention is a method for manufacturing a digital porcelain powder layered plastic stacking guide plate and the guide plate.
  • the shape of the restoration is designed by using digital technology, and the shape of the final restoration can be predicted before the stacking, and the layering effect of the final restoration can be predicted , It also better imitates the dentin and enamel layering of adjacent teeth, so as to realize accurate aesthetic porcelain powder accumulation by digital methods;
  • the present invention is a method for manufacturing a digital ceramic powder layered plastic stacking guide plate and the guide plate.
  • the digital technology is used to accurately design the restoration layer by layer and make the corresponding guide plate, which can ensure the accurate position of each ceramic layer in the plastic stacking.
  • Digital guide plate technology Pre-calculate the sintering shrinkage rate of porcelain powder, which can control the amount of each part of porcelain powder;
  • the present invention is a method for manufacturing a digital ceramic powder layered and plasticized guide plate and the guide plate.
  • the quality of the ceramic powder is controllable.
  • the control of the dry humidity of the ceramic powder by the porcelain technology is greatly affected by the preference of the operator, and the digital guide plate corresponds to The precise mixing of porcelain powder can uniformly control the quality of porcelain powder, and reduce the influence of too dry and wet porcelain powder on the pile-up result;
  • the present invention is a method for manufacturing a digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate and the guide plate.
  • the porcelain powder has a higher density. Compared with the traditional manual method, the ceramic powder can be better compacted in the guide plate, and the internal defects of the body can be finally restored. And the porosity is lower; the use of the digital guide plate can complete the layered stacking of the porcelain powder in a short time, which improves the work efficiency of the operator.
  • the manufacturing method and guide plate of a digital ceramic powder layered plastic stacking guide plate of the present invention has low technical sensitivity, reduces the influence of empirical factors on the ceramic powder layered plastic stacking effect, and can improve the overall level of the operator; the process is controllable The results can be replicated.
  • the digital guide plate technology introduces reasonable and feasible quality inspection standards for the layered stacking of porcelain powder, which can standardize each step of the operation, reduce the adverse effect of the operator’s personal factors on the completion of the restoration; reduce the difficulty of clinical operation and reduce Time of operation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of drawing edge lines and filling in undercuts in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the external contour of the restoration formed by duplicating the tooth with the same name and connecting with the shoulder edge line in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the contours of the dentin and developmental leaves of the restoration designed by the virtual cutback technology in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the design of internal and external porcelain powder pile plastic guide plates in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the guide plate reset in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the guide plate reset in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of dividing the guide plate by cutting the ends and opening the lingual side by the cutting tool in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing digital ceramic powder layered piling guide plate in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the inner guide plate reset and the dentin layer is built and sintered under the guidance of the guide plate in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a cut-end layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a transparent layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for manufacturing a digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • S1 Scan the oral cavity of the patient to obtain a digital model of the oral cavity of the patient, and obtain the contour of the restoration outer layer according to the digital model;
  • S3 Obtain an external porcelain powder plastic guide plate model according to the contour of the restoration outer layer, and obtain an internal porcelain powder plastic guide plate model according to the prosthetic dentin and developmental leaf contour; make the external porcelain according to the external porcelain powder plastic guide plate model Powder pile plastic guide plate, and manufacture an internal porcelain powder pile plastic guide plate according to the internal porcelain powder pile plastic guide plate model;
  • the patient’s oral cavity is first scanned to obtain a digital model of the patient’s oral cavity.
  • This scanning can be achieved by a scanning instrument.
  • Obtaining the contour of the restoration outer layer according to the digital model is a means to determine the outer contour of the final restoration
  • Obtaining the dentin and developmental leaf contours of the restoration on the basis of the contour of the outer layer of the restoration is a means to determine the contour of the inner layer of the final restoration.
  • the two guide plates are made according to the previously generated contour, and in the process of generating the final restoration, the present invention uses a three-time sintering method.
  • the first sintering is to form a dentin layer single-layer restoration. It is the basic structure of the final restoration, and the second sintering is to fill in the contracted part during sintering to facilitate the subsequent sintering process.
  • the third sintering is to generate a transparent layer.
  • the fourth sintering can be used to The structure of the third sintering is filled, and the shape of the restoration is designed using digital technology.
  • the shape of the final restoration can be predicted before the plasticization, and the layering effect of the final restoration can be predicted, and it can better imitate the teeth of adjacent teeth.
  • the essence of tooth enamel is layered in order to use digital methods to achieve precise aesthetic porcelain powder accumulation.
  • S7 enamel the aesthetically layered restoration with a dentin layer, an incisal modification layer and a transparent layer to generate a final restoration.
  • step S2 includes the following sub-steps: using the virtual cutback technology to obtain the restoration dentin and the developmental leaf contour on the basis of the restoration of the external layer contour.
  • step S1 includes the following sub-steps: using virtual cutback technology to obtain the contour of the repaired body.
  • step S4 includes the following sub-steps: filling the tooth between the inner porcelain powder buildup guide plate and the abutment model Pile the mixture of essential porcelain powder and mixing solution and compact the dentin porcelain powder on the labial and lingual sides; remove the inner porcelain powder build-up guide plate and sinter the dentin porcelain powder to obtain a single-layer dentin restoration.
  • the cut-end filler adopts the mixture of cut-end porcelain powder and mixed liquid pile;
  • step S5 includes the following sub-steps: plastic guide plate and single-layer restoration of the dentin layer in the inner porcelain powder Fill the mixture of cut-end porcelain powder and mixing liquid pile between the bodies, and compact the cut-end porcelain powder on the labial and lingual sides; remove the inner porcelain powder build-up guide plate and sinter the cut-end porcelain powder to obtain dentin layer and cut-end modification layering Restoration.
  • the transparent filler adopts a mixture of transparent porcelain powder and a mixing liquid pile;
  • step S6 includes the following sub-steps: plasticizing guide plates on the outer porcelain powder pile and the dentin layer and cutting ends.
  • the layered restorations are filled with the mixture of transparent porcelain powder and mixing liquid pile, and the transparent porcelain powder on the labial and lingual sides are compacted; the outer porcelain powder pile plastic guide plate is removed and the transparent porcelain powder is sintered to obtain a dentin layer, Aesthetic layered restorations with cut-end modified layer and transparent layer.
  • a digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate is manufactured by using any one of the above-mentioned manufacturing methods of the digital ceramic powder layered plastic guide plate.
  • the production method includes the following steps
  • Figure 4 shows the use of virtual cutback technology to design the restoration dentin and developmental leaf contour .
  • the inner guide plate is reset and the dentin layer is built up and sintered under the guidance of the guide plate (the steps are as shown in the sequence, from left to right from top to bottom, first the buccal guide plate is reset, and then filled in Press the porcelain powder, and then reset the lingual guide plate, continue to fill in from the hole, and continuously absorb water and vibrate to ensure that the porcelain powder is constantly dense, then remove the guide plate and perform sintering molding.
  • the sintering temperature is determined according to the requirements of different brands).
  • the cut end layer and transparent layer effect (cut end and transparent part, the operation is exactly the same as the above steps, the difference lies in the difference between the use of porcelain powder and the difference between using the guide plate).

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，包括以下步骤：获取修复体外层轮廓；获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓；获取外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型和内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型；制作外部瓷粉堆塑导板和内部瓷粉堆塑导板；填充牙本质填料并烧结形成牙本质层单层修复体；填充切端填料并烧结形成牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体；填充透明填料并烧结形成具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。本发明还公开了一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板。本发明，利用数字化技术对修复体外形进行设计，堆塑前可以预见最终修复体的形态，并能预测最终修复体分层效果，也更好模仿相邻牙齿的牙本质牙釉质分层，以利用数字化方法实现精准的美学瓷粉堆塑。

Description

一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板 技术领域
本发明涉及医学器械技术，具体涉及一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板。
背景技术
全瓷冠因其优异的美学性能在前牙美学区的修复中得到了广泛应用，主要有两种形式：一体式解剖全冠和“基底冠+饰面瓷”的双层冠，其中后者采用分层堆塑瓷粉的方法可以获得更好的美学效果，因此在临床上更多地被患者选择。实际加工流程中，通常采用数字化的方式制作基底冠，然后通过手工堆塑完成饰面瓷部分。因此不同操作者，甚至是同一操作者在不同时间对同一颗牙的塑形结果不尽相同。
瓷粉堆塑技术是义齿制作最重要，也是最难的技术之一，不仅对技师的临床经验有巨大要求，还需要技师有较强手部技能、审美、绘画基础、色彩鉴别。
由此可见，这种制作方法存在的不足在于：①操作者需要长时间的经验积累，饰面瓷分层堆塑不仅要求操作者对牙体解剖形态有足够清晰的认识，还要求其对瓷粉性能以及分层堆塑技巧熟练掌握，并且能选用合理的上瓷工具完成操作，在实际操作中做到这几部分的融会贯通需要长时间的练习，增加了专业操作者的培养成本；②技术敏感性高，单纯的经验积累并不一定等于高超的瓷粉堆塑技术，反复训练可能只是增加了操作的熟练程度，并不一定会在技术上得到实质性的提升；③现有理论不深入，分层堆塑没有牙体分层解剖的直接理论支持，操作者自始至终依据的是完整牙体的解剖形态；④制作过程没有明确的目标约束，最终的形态由操作者正向控制，增加了结果的不确定性；⑤结果不可重复，即便是同一操作者在不同的时间得到的结果也不同，因此当全瓷修复体发生崩瓷等不良反应时，难以复制患者原先的修复体。
数字化技术优点在于其可重复、可控制，数字化主导的修复结果具有可预见性，能很好的贯彻“以终为始”的修复理念。例如数字化种植导板的设计，能在术前充分考虑术后修复体位置，这种逆向思维有助于确立正向操作中每一步应达到的目标，从而实现理想的修复效果。同样，瓷粉的分层堆塑需要“以终为始”的理念指导，因此有必要研究数字化导板技术在瓷粉分层堆塑中的应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有技术中对于义齿制作采用人工方式，造成义齿制作受人工经验和技术影响很大，制作结果不稳定，目的在于提供一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板，解决上述问题。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：扫描患者口腔获取患者口腔的数字化模型，并根据所述数字化模型获取修复体外层轮廓；
S2：根据口腔修复学原则，在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓；
S3：根据所述修复体外层轮廓获取外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型，并根据所述修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓获取内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型；根据外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型制作外部瓷粉堆塑导板，并根据所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型制作内部瓷粉堆塑导板；
S4：将所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板复位于基牙模型上，在内部瓷粉堆塑导板和基牙代型之间填充牙本质填料并烧结形成牙本质层单层修复体；
S5：将所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板复位于所述牙本质层单层修复体上，在所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层单层修复体之间填充切端填料并烧结形成牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体；
S6：将所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型复位于所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体，在所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体之间填充透明填料并烧结形成具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。
本发明应用时，首先扫描患者口腔获取患者口腔的数字化模型，这种扫描可以通过扫描仪器实现，根据所述数字化模型获取修复体外层轮廓是确定最终修复体的外缘轮廓是一个手段，而在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓则是确定最终修复体内层轮廓的一个手段，通过这两个手段就可以实现对最终修复体的定型，定型过程完全可以通过计算机实现，而不依赖于人工经验判断。
根据前面生成的轮廓进行两个导板的制作，并且在生成最终修复体的过程中，本发明使用了三次烧结的方式进行，在第一次烧结中是为了形成牙本质层单层修复体，这是最终修复体的基础结构，而第二次烧结是为了使得烧结中收缩的部分被填补从而方便后面的烧结工艺，第三次烧结是生成透明层，在实际使用中可以使用第四次烧结来对第三次烧结的结构进行填补，利用数字化技术对修复体外形进行设计，堆塑前可以预见最终修复体的形态，并能预测最终修复体分层效果，也更好模仿相邻牙齿的牙本质牙釉质分层，以利用数字化方法实现精准的美学瓷粉堆塑。
进一步的，还包括：S7：对具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体进行上釉生成最终修复体。
进一步的，步骤S2包括以下子步骤：使用虚拟回切技术在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取 修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓。
进一步的，步骤S1包括以下子步骤：使用虚拟回切技术获取修复体外层轮廓。
进一步的，所述牙本质填料采用牙本质瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；步骤S4包括以下子步骤：在内部瓷粉堆塑导板和基牙代型之间填充牙本质瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的牙本质瓷粉；取下内部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结牙本质瓷粉，获得牙本质层单层修复体。
进一步的，所述切端填料采用切端瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；步骤S5包括以下子步骤：在所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层单层修复体之间填充切端瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的切端瓷粉；取下内部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结切端瓷粉，获得牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体。
进一步的，所述透明填料采用透明瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；步骤S6包括以下子步骤：在所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体之间填充透明瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的透明瓷粉；取下外部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结透明瓷粉，获得具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。
一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板，采用上述任意一项数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法制作。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下的优点和有益效果：
1、本发明一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板，利用数字化技术对修复体外形进行设计，堆塑前可以预见最终修复体的形态，并能预测最终修复体分层效果，也更好模仿相邻牙齿的牙本质牙釉质分层，以利用数字化方法实现精准的美学瓷粉堆塑；
2、本发明一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板，利用数字化技术对修复体精确分层设计并制作相应的导板，可以保证堆塑中各瓷层位置准确，数字化导板技术预先计算瓷粉烧结收缩率，可以控制每部分瓷粉的量；
3、本发明一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板，瓷粉质量可控，传统上瓷技术对瓷粉干湿度的控制受操作者偏好的影响大，而数字化导板对应的瓷粉精确调拌可以统一控制瓷粉质量，降低瓷粉过干过湿对堆塑结果的影响；
4、本发明一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板，瓷粉致密度更高，相对于传统手工方式，在导板内能更好的压实瓷粉，最终修复体内部缺陷及孔隙率更低；利用数字化导板可以短时间内完成瓷粉的分层堆塑，提高操作者的工作效率。
5、本发明一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法及导板，技术敏感性低，减少经验因素对瓷粉分层堆塑效果的影响，可提升操作者的整体水平；过程可控制，结果可复制，数字化导板技术为瓷粉分层堆塑引入合理可行的质量检测标准，可以规范化每一步操作，降低操 作者个人因素对修复体完成效果的不利影响；减少了临床操作难度，降低了操作时间。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明方法步骤示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中绘制边缘线与填倒凹示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中复制同名牙并与肩台边缘线连接形成修复体外部轮廓示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中利用虚拟回切技术设计修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中设计内外部瓷粉堆塑导板示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中导板复位示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中导板复位示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中通过切割工具以切端将导板分割以及舌侧开孔示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中3D打印数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中内层导板复位并在导板的引导下堆塑牙本质层并烧结完成示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中切端层示意图；
图12为本发明实施例中透明层示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例
如图1所示，本发明一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：扫描患者口腔获取患者口腔的数字化模型，并根据所述数字化模型获取修复体外层轮廓；
S2：根据口腔修复学原则，在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓；
S3：根据所述修复体外层轮廓获取外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型，并根据所述修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓获取内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型；根据外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型制作外部瓷粉堆塑导板，并根据所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型制作内部瓷粉堆塑导板；
S4：将所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板复位于基牙模型上，在内部瓷粉堆塑导板和基牙代型之间填充牙本质填料并烧结形成牙本质层单层修复体；
S5：将所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板复位于所述牙本质层单层修复体上，在所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层单层修复体之间填充切端填料并烧结形成牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体；
S6：将所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型复位于所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体，在所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体之间填充透明填料并烧结形成具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。
本实施例实施时，首先扫描患者口腔获取患者口腔的数字化模型，这种扫描可以通过扫描仪器实现，根据所述数字化模型获取修复体外层轮廓是确定最终修复体的外缘轮廓是一个手段，而在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓则是确定最终修复体内层轮廓的一个手段，通过这两个手段就可以实现对最终修复体的定型，定型过程完全可以通过计算机实现，而不依赖于人工经验判断。
根据前面生成的轮廓进行两个导板的制作，并且在生成最终修复体的过程中，本发明使用了三次烧结的方式进行，在第一次烧结中是为了形成牙本质层单层修复体，这是最终修复体的基础结构，而第二次烧结是为了使得烧结中收缩的部分被填补从而方便后面的烧结工艺，第三次烧结是生成透明层，在实际使用中可以使用第四次烧结来对第三次烧结的结构进行填补，利用数字化技术对修复体外形进行设计，堆塑前可以预见最终修复体的形态，并能预测最终修复体分层效果，也更好模仿相邻牙齿的牙本质牙釉质分层，以利用数字化方法实现精准的美学瓷粉堆塑。
为了进一步说明本实施例的工作过程，还包括：S7：对具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体进行上釉生成最终修复体。
为了进一步说明本实施例的工作过程，步骤S2包括以下子步骤：使用虚拟回切技术在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓。
为了进一步说明本实施例的工作过程，步骤S1包括以下子步骤：使用虚拟回切技术获取修复体外层轮廓。
为了进一步说明本实施例的工作过程，所述牙本质填料采用牙本质瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；步骤S4包括以下子步骤：在内部瓷粉堆塑导板和基牙代型之间填充牙本质瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的牙本质瓷粉；取下内部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结牙本质瓷粉，获得牙本质层单层修复体。
为了进一步说明本实施例的工作过程，所述切端填料采用切端瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；步骤S5包括以下子步骤：在所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层单层修复体之间填充切端瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的切端瓷粉；取下内部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结切端 瓷粉，获得牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体。
为了进一步说明本实施例的工作过程，所述透明填料采用透明瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；步骤S6包括以下子步骤：在所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体之间填充透明瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的透明瓷粉；取下外部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结透明瓷粉，获得具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。
本实施例一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板，采用上述任意一项数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法制作。
为了对具体步骤进行详细说明，制作方法包括以下步骤
1.使用模型扫描仪，获取数字化模型以及代型，然后绘制肩台边缘线，确定就位导并填倒凹；如图2为绘制边缘线与填倒凹。
2.基于数字化模型设计修复体外层轮廓；如图3为复制同名牙并与肩台边缘线连接形成修复体外部轮廓。
3.在修复体外层轮廓基础上，使用虚拟回切技术，根据口腔修复学原则，设计修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓；如图4为利用虚拟回切技术设计修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓。
4.分别基于数字化修复体外轮廓以及数字化修复体本质及发育叶轮廓，设计外部瓷粉堆塑导板以及内部瓷粉堆塑导板，先绘制导板延伸曲线，设置参数，导板厚度2mm，光滑度0.2mm，间隙0mm，角度0度，研磨直径0mm，允许倒凹高度0.18mm；如图5为分别基于内外轮廓，设计内外部瓷粉堆塑导板。如图6和图7：导板在基牙肩台以下必须与模型完全贴合(以保证瓷粉不流出)
5.分别将两个导板，利用切割工具沿切缘切开，并在舌侧正中打孔，切割间隙设置为0mm。如图8为通过切割工具以切端将导板分割以及舌侧开孔。
6. 3D打印数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板；如图9为3D打印数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板。
如图10所示，内层导板复位并在导板的引导下堆塑牙本质层然后烧结完成(其步骤如图顺序，从左到右从上到下，首先颊侧导板复位，然后向内填压瓷粉，然后舌侧导板复位，从洞口向内继续填压，并不断吸水，震荡，保证瓷粉不断致密，然后取下导板，进行烧结成型，烧结温度根据不同品牌要求而定)。
如图11和图12所示，切端层以及透明层效果(切端和透明的部分，操作与上述步骤完全一致，区别之在于使用瓷粉的区别和使用导板的区别)。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本 发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：扫描患者口腔获取患者口腔的数字化模型，并根据所述数字化模型获取修复体外层轮廓；
    S2：根据口腔修复学原则，在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓；
    S3：根据所述修复体外层轮廓获取外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型，并根据所述修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓获取内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型；根据外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型制作外部瓷粉堆塑导板，并根据所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板模型制作内部瓷粉堆塑导板；
    S4：将所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板复位于基牙模型上，在内部瓷粉堆塑导板和基牙代型之间填充牙本质填料并烧结形成牙本质层单层修复体；
    S5：将所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板复位于所述牙本质层单层修复体上，在所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层单层修复体之间填充切端填料并烧结形成牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体；
    S6：将所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板模型复位于所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体，在所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体之间填充透明填料并烧结形成具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    S7：对具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体进行上釉生成最终修复体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤S2包括以下子步骤：
    使用虚拟回切技术在修复体外层轮廓的基础上获取修复体牙本质及发育叶轮廓。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤S1包括以下子步骤：
    使用虚拟回切技术获取修复体外层轮廓。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，所述牙本质填料采用牙本质瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；
    步骤S4包括以下子步骤：
    在内部瓷粉堆塑导板和基牙代型之间填充牙本质瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的牙本质瓷粉；
    取下内部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结牙本质瓷粉，获得牙本质层单层修复体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，所述 切端填料采用切端瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；
    步骤S5包括以下子步骤：
    在所述内部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层单层修复体之间填充切端瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的切端瓷粉；
    取下内部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结切端瓷粉，获得牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法，其特征在于，所述透明填料采用透明瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物；
    步骤S6包括以下子步骤：
    在所述外部瓷粉堆塑导板和所述牙本质层与切端修饰分层修复体之间填充透明瓷粉和调拌液堆混合物并压实唇侧和舌侧处的透明瓷粉；
    取下外部瓷粉堆塑导板并烧结透明瓷粉，获得具有牙本质层、切端修饰层和透明层的美学分层修复体。
  8. 一种数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板，其特征在于，采用权利要求1～7任意一项数字化瓷粉分层堆塑导板的制作方法制作。
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