WO2021036110A1 - 易剥离干式光纤微管和全干式微束光缆 - Google Patents

易剥离干式光纤微管和全干式微束光缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021036110A1
WO2021036110A1 PCT/CN2019/126737 CN2019126737W WO2021036110A1 WO 2021036110 A1 WO2021036110 A1 WO 2021036110A1 CN 2019126737 W CN2019126737 W CN 2019126737W WO 2021036110 A1 WO2021036110 A1 WO 2021036110A1
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Prior art keywords
microtube
sheath
optical fiber
water
dry
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PCT/CN2019/126737
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪趁时
李新建
缪威玮
陆杰
周华
李强
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江苏中天科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP19943044.8A priority Critical patent/EP4024105A4/en
Publication of WO2021036110A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021036110A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
    • G02B6/4433—Double reinforcement laying in straight line with optical transmission element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/441—Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
    • G02B6/4413—Helical structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/44384—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of optical cables, in particular to an easy-to-peel dry optical fiber microtube and a fully dry micro-bundle optical cable.
  • Optical fiber and sheath are the basic elements that make up the optical cable, and the optical fiber usually has a protective layer or protective tube outside, which is called a tight sleeve layer, a semi-tight sleeve layer or a loose tube.
  • Tight-buffered optical fiber is generally the basic component for manufacturing various indoor optical cables. It can be used alone, and can be used to make pigtails for the connection of various active or passive devices and the connection of meters and terminal equipment.
  • a loose tube is usually molded over the optical fiber.
  • the material of the loose tube is usually polybutylene terephthalate PBT, polycarbonate PC Or polypropylene PP.
  • H D Shore hardness loose tube is typically greater than 70, a medium hard plastic.
  • Loose tube usually contains ointment.
  • the ointment mainly contains silicone oil. Silicone oil is a general chemical synthetic product, which has low natural degradation ability and is easy to pollute the environment for a long time.
  • the ointment In the process of installation and use of optical cable, the ointment is troublesome to clean and usually requires organic solvents. Treatment is not environmentally friendly and has low efficiency; the ointment contacts the optical fiber, which will easily cause the colored layer to fall off or migrate, which is difficult to distinguish and cause difficulty in connection; when the temperature changes, the viscosity of the ointment will change, which may cause the fiber attenuation to increase.
  • an easy-to-peel dry optical fiber microtube comprising a plurality of optical fibers, a plurality of water-blocking yarns, and a microtube sheath covering the outside of the two, and the equivalent circumferential diameters of the plurality of optical fibers are in the microtube.
  • the proportion of the inner cavity of the sheath is less than 90% and greater than or equal to 70%
  • the water blocking yarn accounts for 20% or less of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath
  • the material of the microtube sheath includes olefin polymer and inorganic filler.
  • the ratio of the equivalent circumferential diameter of the plurality of optical fibers in the inner cavity of the microtube sheath is between 70% and 80%.
  • the inorganic filler accounts for 0.1%-20% of the total mass of all components of the microtube sheath;
  • the olefin polymer includes a first olefin polymer or a copolymer of ethylene/propylene and other monomers, wherein the first olefin Polymers include linear low-density polyethylene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, ethylene-propylene copolymers; among them, ethylene/propylene and other monomer copolymers include ethylene-vinyl alkyd copolymers, ethylene-methyl acrylate One or more mixtures of copolymers and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers; the inorganic fillers include hydroxides, hydrated oxides, metal salts or their mixtures, or carbon black, silica, kaolin, Clay or their mixture; the thickness of the microtube sheath is 0.1-0.2mm.
  • the hydroxide may include aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, the hydrated oxide may be
  • the water-blocking yarn includes water-absorbing fibers, which can drop without water-blocking powder during the production of microtubules, and the water-absorbing fibers contain acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid salts or their modified substances or their mixtures.
  • the present invention also provides a fully dry micro-bundle optical cable, comprising a plurality of said easy-peelable dry optical fiber microtubes and microtube cores formed by a plurality of water-blocking yarns, an outer sheath, and a plurality of embedded in the outer sheath
  • the reinforcing member wherein the outer sheath is wrapped around the outer circumference of the microtube core, and the water blocking yarn is filled in the gap between the microtube and the microtube.
  • the material of the reinforcing layer includes any one of aramid, glass fiber yarn or polyester yarn, or A combination of water blocking yarn and one or more of aramid, glass fiber yarn or polyester yarn.
  • the water blocking tape is a double-sided water blocking tape.
  • the water-blocking belt further includes a plurality of tear cords embedded in the water blocking tape, and the material of the tear cords is aramid or polyester yarn.
  • the plurality of microtubes and the plurality of water blocking yarns in the microtube core adopt SZ stranding or S stranding or spiral stranding.
  • the material of the outer sheath is a polyolefin material;
  • the reinforcing member is a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod with a density of 2.05-2.15 g/cm 3.
  • the microtube sheath in the easy-peel dry optical fiber microtube uses a combination of polyolefin and inorganic filler materials, which can be peeled off with bare hands without the aid of tools; the microtube sheath is soft and does not cause bending.
  • the optical fiber coating is not damaged when the microtube sheath is peeled off; the optical fiber microtube does not contain grease filling, and the construction is efficient and convenient; the components in the optical fiber microtube have strong compatibility, and long-term use will not cause the optical fiber coloring layer to fall off and attenuation changes .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an easily peelable dry optical fiber microtube in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the first cross-sectional structure of the all-dry micro-bundle optical cable using the micro-tube structure in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 3 is the second cross-sectional structure of the all-dry micro-bundle optical cable using the micro-tube structure in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is the third cross-sectional structure of the all-dry type micro-bundle optical cable using the micro-tube structure in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional structure 4 of the all-dry type micro-bundle optical cable using the micro-tube structure in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional structure 5 of the all-dry type micro-bundle optical cable using the micro-tube structure in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional structure 6 of the all-dry type micro-bundle optical cable using the micro-tube structure in Fig. 2.
  • SZ twist in this article refers to left and right twist.
  • the twisting direction is divided into left and right directions.
  • the left direction resembles "S”, also called S direction
  • the right direction resembles "Z”, also called Z direction.
  • the present invention provides an easy-to-peel dry optical fiber microtube 20, which includes a plurality of optical fibers 2, a plurality of water-blocking yarns 3, and a microtube sheath 1, wherein the microtube sheath 1 is covered with a plurality of optical fibers 2
  • the water blocking yarns 3 there is no filler in the space between the inner cavity of the microtube sheath 1 and the several optical fibers 2 and/or the water blocking yarns 3, and the water blocking yarns occupy 20% or less of the inner cavity space. That is, it does not contain ointment filling, which prevents the colored layer from falling off or migrating, making the connection easier to construct, and environmentally friendly and efficient.
  • the optical fiber 2 usually a single-mode optical fiber, has a protective coating on its surface; when multiple optical fibers 2 appear in each microtube sheath 1, they can be distinguished by coloring, that is, a colored optical fiber is formed.
  • the diameter of a single optical fiber 2 may be nominally 250 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, or 180 ⁇ m.
  • the multiple optical fibers 2 are usually SZ stranded in the microtube sheath 1.
  • the dry-type optical fiber microtube 20 contains at least one water-blocking yarn 3, the density of the water-blocking yarn is usually 200-800 Denier (denier is also called denier), tensile strength ⁇ 12N, elongation at break Rate ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5%, expansion rate ⁇ 25ml/g/min, expansion rate ⁇ 30ml/g, moisture content ⁇ 8%.
  • the water blocking yarn 3 is prepared by curing water-absorbing resin or water-absorbing fiber on the basic yarn through a process. There is no water-blocking powder falling during the production process of optical fiber microtubes.
  • the water-absorbing resin and water-absorbing fiber usually contain acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, acrylate or their
  • the water blocking yarn 3 occupies 20% or less of the surface area of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath.
  • the thickness of the microtube sheath 1 in the dry-type optical fiber microtube 20 is 0.1-0.2mm; the material of the microtube sheath 1 includes olefin polymers and inorganic fillers, and the inorganic filler accounts for 0.1 of the total mass of all components of the microtube sheath.
  • the olefin polymer includes a first olefin polymer or a copolymer of ethylene/propylene and other monomers, wherein the first olefin polymer includes linear low-density polyethylene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene One of ethylene or ethylene propylene copolymer; wherein ethylene/propylene and other monomer copolymers include one or more of ethylene-vinyl alkyd copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer
  • the Shore hardness H A is less than or equal to 90, and the optical fiber microtube sheath 1 can be easily torn off at least 1 meter with bare hands.
  • the inorganic filler can be a hydroxide, a hydrated oxide, a metal salt or a mixture thereof, wherein the hydroxide can include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, the hydrated oxide can be hydrated alumina, hydrated magnesium carbonate, and the metal salt can be It is zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, cobalt oxide, etc.; the inorganic filler can also be carbon black, silica, kaolin, clay, etc.
  • the ratio X of the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber to the inner diameter of the microtube sheath is 70% ⁇ X ⁇ 90%, preferably 70-80%.
  • the inorganic filler reduces the toughness of the material, so that the optical fiber microtube sheath can be easily torn off at least 1 meter without the aid of tools.
  • the addition of inorganic filler can reduce the shrinkage of the material.
  • the above ratio range can adjust the shrinkage rate of the material to be less than 3%, and the optical fiber microtube does not shrink in the joint box, which can ensure the stability of the optical cable communication line.
  • the present invention exemplifies the structure and performance of the easy-peel dry optical fiber microtube 20.
  • the number of fiber cores of an easily peelable dry-type optical fiber microtube 20 is 6 cores, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • optical fibers there are 6 optical fibers in each optical fiber microtube 20.
  • the colors of optical fiber 2 are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, and white.
  • the optical fiber uses G.652D fiber.
  • the diameter of the fiber coating after coloring is 250 ⁇ m ⁇ 15 ⁇ m.
  • the fiber is in the microtube. Use SZ twist.
  • Each optical fiber microtube 20 contains a 300D water blocking yarn 3, the water blocking yarn 3 has a linear density of 30000m/kg, performance selection requirements: tensile strength ⁇ 12N, elongation at break ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5%, swelling rate ⁇ 25ml/g/min, swelling rate ⁇ 30ml/g, water content ⁇ 8%.
  • it is a water-absorbing fiber containing acrylate, and its matrix is mainly polyester or nylon.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is 0.1mm, and the material of the microtube sheath 1 is a mixture of linear low-density polyethylene, carbon black and silica, with a mass ratio of 82:10:8 and a density of 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3.
  • the tensile strength is 12MPa, and the elongation at break is 140%.
  • the Shore hardness H A of the microtube sheath material is 84, and the fiber microtube sheath can be easily torn off by 1m with bare hands.
  • the outer diameter of the 6-core optical fiber microtube is 1.2 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber occupies 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microtube sheath, and the water blocking yarn occupies 10-15% of the surface area of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath.
  • the number of fiber cores of an easily peelable dry-type optical fiber microtube 20 is 12 cores.
  • optical fibers 2 there are 12 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of the optical fibers 2 are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, and cyan.
  • the optical fiber adopts G.657A2 optical fiber, and the optical fiber is colored.
  • the diameter of the coating is 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the optical fiber in the microtube 20 is SZ stranded.
  • Each microtube 20 contains a 300D water-blocking yarn 3, the linear density of the water-blocking yarn 3 is 30000m/kg, performance selection requirements: tensile strength ⁇ 12N, elongation at break ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5 %, swelling rate ⁇ 25ml/g/min, swelling rate ⁇ 30ml/g, water content ⁇ 8%.
  • it is a water-absorbing fiber cured with polyacrylic acid and acrylate, and its matrix is mainly polyester or nylon.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is 0.15mm.
  • the material of the microtube sheath 1 is a mixture of ethylene-vinyl alkyd copolymer and aluminum hydroxide, with a mass ratio of 95:5, and a density usually between 1.4 and 1.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the tensile strength is usually 12MPa, and the elongation at break is 140%.
  • 1 micro tube sheath material Shore hardness H A of 84, the micro-fiber tube sheath 1 can easily hand torn away 1m.
  • the outer diameter of the 12-core optical fiber microtube 20 is usually 1.3 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber accounts for 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microtube sheath, and the water blocking yarn accounts for 12-18% of the surface area of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath .
  • optical fibers 2 there are 12 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of optical fiber 2 are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, and cyan.
  • the optical fiber 2 uses G.657A2 optical fiber, and the optical fiber is colored.
  • the coating diameter is 250 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the optical fiber 2 is SZ stranded in the microtube sheath 1.
  • Each microtube 20 contains one 600D water-blocking yarn 3, the density of the water-blocking yarn 3 is 15000m/kg, performance selection requirements: tensile strength ⁇ 20N, elongation at break ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5% , Expansion rate ⁇ 30ml/g/min, Expansion rate ⁇ 40ml/g, Water content ⁇ 8%.
  • it is a water-absorbent fiber containing acrylic graft copolymer, and its matrix is mainly polyester or nylon.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is 0.2mm.
  • the material of the microtube sheath 1 is a mixture of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer and kaolin.
  • the mass ratio is 45:45:10, and the density is usually 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is usually 18MPa, and the elongation at break is 210%.
  • the Shore hardness H A of the microtube sheath material is 89, and the fiber microtube sheath 1 can be easily torn off 1m with bare hands.
  • the outer diameter of the 12-core optical fiber microtube 20 is usually 1.5 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the fiber occupies 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microtube sheath, and the water blocking yarn occupies 8-16% of the surface area of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath .
  • Table 1 lists the outer diameters and numbers of different optical fibers in this type of dry-type optical fiber microtubes 20, and the values of preferred optical fiber microtube outer diameters.
  • the Shore hardness H A of the microtube sheath 1 material in the above-mentioned easy-peel dry optical fiber microtube 20 is not more than 90, and the microtube sheath can be peeled off with bare hands without the aid of a tool, and the force is small, and the optical fiber is not damaged; the optical fiber microtube The minimum bending radius is 10mm, no bending occurs; the optical fiber microtube 20 does not contain grease, and the water blocking material is made of water blocking yarn, which is environmentally friendly and efficient and fast during construction; the compatibility of the optical fiber, water blocking yarn, and microtube sheath in the optical fiber microtube Strong, long-length optical fiber has stable physical and chemical properties.
  • the present invention applies the above-mentioned dry type optical fiber microtube 20 to a micro-bundle optical cable structure to form a fully dry type micro-bundle optical cable 100, which is generally used in urban backbone networks, usually Outdoor pipeline laying or overhead laying.
  • the cross-sectional structure of the all-dry micro-bundle optical cable 100 includes a plurality of microtubes 20, a plurality of water-blocking yarns 3, and In the outer sheath 30, each water blocking yarn 3 is filled in the gaps between the plurality of microtubes 20, and a plurality of reinforcing members 31 are embedded in the outer sheath 30.
  • the microtube is the above-mentioned easily peelable dry optical fiber microtube 20, and the number of an optical cable can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, or 30, etc.
  • the microtubes 20 are twisted in the inner cavity of the outer sheath 30, which can also be SZ twisted or S twisted to form a microtube core 84, which is arranged in the center of the optical cable.
  • the performance of the water blocking yarn 3 meets or exceeds the industry standard specification of "YDT1115.2-Water blocking material for communication cables and optical cables Part 1: Water blocking yarn".
  • the outer sheath 30 is made of polyolefin material, usually medium-density polyethylene or high-density polyethylene material, or low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin material.
  • the reinforcing member 31 is usually a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod (abbreviated as FRP), the density of FRP is 2.05 ⁇ 2.15g/cm 3 , the tensile and bending strength is ⁇ 1100MPa, the tensile and bending elastic modulus is ⁇ 50GPa, and the elongation at break is ⁇ 4%, water absorption rate ⁇ 0.1%, and low thermal expansion coefficient of 5 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 10 -5 K -1 , stable acid and alkali resistance and chemical performance.
  • FRP glass fiber reinforced plastic rod
  • the main component is ethylene acrylic acid copolymer
  • the extraction force of FRP and the sheath is ⁇ 50N.
  • a reinforcing layer 50 may be provided between the stranded multiple optical fiber microtubes (microtube cores 84) and the outer sheath 30 (see FIG. 3 or FIG. 4).
  • the outer sheath 30 and the microtube core 84 are substantially coaxially arranged.
  • the reinforcing layer 50 can be any one of aramid, glass fiber yarn or polyester yarn, or any of aramid fiber and water blocking yarn, glass fiber yarn and water blocking yarn, or polyester yarn and water blocking yarn. Species, or a mixture of them.
  • a water blocking tape 40 (as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) may be provided between the stranded multiple optical fiber microtubes (microtube cores 84) and the outer sheath 50 (as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the belt 40 is substantially coaxially arranged with the outer sheath 30 and the microtube core 84.
  • the water blocking tape 40 is usually a double-sided water blocking tape, which is composed of polyester fiber nonwoven fabric-high water swelling material-polyester fiber nonwoven fabric in sequence.
  • the high water swelling material is often expanded by cross-linked polyacrylate It is made of powder compound, and heat-resistant, does not contain acid and alkali, and has stable chemical resistance; thickness of water-blocking tape ⁇ 0.25mm, expansion rate ⁇ 10mm/min, expansion height ⁇ 12mm, tensile strength ⁇ 40N/cm, elongation at break Rate ⁇ 12%.
  • the water blocking tape 40 can also be embedded with a tear cord 41 (as shown in FIG. 4).
  • the material of the tear cord 41 may be aramid or polyester yarn, with a linear density ⁇ 333 tex, and tensile strength. ⁇ 150N, breaking elongation ⁇ 12%, softening point ⁇ 238°C, melting point ⁇ 265°C.
  • the optical cable includes, from the core layer to the outer layer, a microtube core 84, a reinforcing layer 50, a water blocking tape 40, and an outer sheath 30 that are generally coaxially arranged.
  • microtubes 20 there are 24 microtubes 20 in the microtube core 84, and the gap between the microtube 20 and the microtube 20 is randomly filled with 5 water-blocking yarns 3; each microtube 20 is a twisted 5 optical fiber 2 and A water-blocking yarn 3 and a microtube sheath 1 wrapped around the outer layer; a tear cord 41 is embedded in the water-blocking tape 40, and the outer sheath 30 is embedded with two reinforcing members 31 in the radial direction.
  • the number of microtubes 20 exceeds 12, it can be distinguished by printing different numbers of color blocks or color circles.
  • a fully dry micro-bundle optical cable 100 with 2 optical fibers and 144 cores, and its structure is generally shown in FIG. 4.
  • optical fibers 2 there are 6 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of optical fiber 2 are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, and white.
  • the optical fiber adopts G.652D optical fiber. After coloring, the diameter of the optical fiber coating is 250 ⁇ m ⁇ 15 ⁇ m. SZ twist is used in the microtube.
  • Each microtube 20 contains one 300D water blocking yarn 3, the water blocking yarn 3 has a linear density of 30000m/kg, tensile strength ⁇ 12N, breaking elongation ⁇ 12%, and thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5%. Expansion rate ⁇ 25ml/g/min, expansion rate ⁇ 30ml/g, moisture content ⁇ 8%.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is generally between 0.1-0.2mm, the material of the microtube sheath 1 is LSZH material, the density is usually 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is usually 12MPa, and the elongation at break The rate is 140%.
  • the outer diameter of the 6-core optical fiber microtube 20 is usually 1.2 ⁇ 0.1mm, and the equivalent circumferential diameter of the fiber occupies 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microtube sheath, and the water blocking yarn occupies 8% of the surface area of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath. -16%.
  • the microtube 20 is twisted with a spiral S in the inner cavity of the outer sheath 30.
  • the color of microtube 20 is blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, cyan, blue plus 1 black ring, orange plus 1 black ring, and green plus 1 Black ring, brown plus 1 black ring, gray plus 1 black ring, white plus 1 black ring, red plus 1 black ring, black plus 1 white ring, yellow plus 1 black ring, purple plus 1 Black ring, pink plus 1 black ring, turquoise plus 1 black ring.
  • the reinforcing layer 50 is made of aramid fiber and water blocking yarn.
  • Water blocking tape 40 is a double-sided water blocking tape, the thickness of the water blocking tape is 0.2mm, the width is 30mm, the expansion rate is ⁇ 10mm/min, the expansion height is ⁇ 12mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 40N/cm, and the elongation at break ⁇ 12%.
  • the material of the tear cord 41 is polyester yarn, the linear density is 444tex, the tensile strength is ⁇ 150N, the elongation at break is ⁇ 12%, the softening point is ⁇ 238°C, and the melting point is ⁇ 265°C.
  • the outer sheath 30 is made of high-density polyethylene, and the thickness of the outer sheath is nominally 2.8mm.
  • the overall outer diameter of the 144-core all-dry micro-bundle optical cable 100 is a nominal 16.6mm, and the fiber density in the inner cavity of the optical cable is 1.52F/mm 2 .
  • optical fibers 2 there are 12 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of optical fiber 2 are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, and cyan.
  • the optical fiber uses G.657A2 fiber, colored
  • the coating diameter of the rear optical fiber is 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the optical fiber 2 is SZ twisted in the microtube 20.
  • Each microtube 20 contains 1 600D water blocking yarn 3, the water blocking yarn density is 15000m/kg, tensile strength ⁇ 12N, breaking elongation ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5%, expansion Speed ⁇ 25ml/g/min, expansion rate ⁇ 30ml/g, moisture content ⁇ 8%.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is generally between 0.1-0.2mm, the material of the microtube sheath 1 is LSZH material, the density is usually 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is usually 12MPa, and the elongation at break The rate is 140%.
  • the outer diameter of the 12-core microtube 20 is usually 1.4 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber occupies 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microbeam tube, and the water blocking yarn occupies 10-15 of the surface area of the inner cavity of the microtube sheath %.
  • the microtube 20 is twisted with a spiral S in the inner cavity of the outer sheath 30.
  • the color of microtube 20 is blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, cyan, blue plus 1 black ring, orange plus 1 black ring, and green plus 1 Black ring, brown plus 1 black ring, gray plus 1 black ring, white plus 1 black ring, red plus 1 black ring, black plus 1 white ring, yellow plus 1 black ring, purple plus 1 Black ring, pink plus 1 black ring, turquoise plus 1 black ring.
  • the reinforcing layer 50 is made of glass fiber yarn and water blocking yarn.
  • Water blocking tape 40 is a double-sided water blocking tape, the thickness of the water blocking tape is 0.2mm, the width is 34mm, the expansion rate is ⁇ 10mm/min, the expansion height is ⁇ 12mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 40N/cm, and the elongation at break ⁇ 12%.
  • the material of the tear cord 41 can be polyester yarn, the linear density is 444tex, the tensile strength is ⁇ 150N, the elongation at break is ⁇ 12%, the softening point is ⁇ 238°C, and the melting point is ⁇ 265°C.
  • the outer sheath 30 is made of high-density polyethylene, and the wall thickness of the outer sheath 30 is nominally 2.6mm.
  • the overall outer diameter of the 288-core all-dry micro-bundle optical fiber cable 100 is nominally 15.1mm, and the fiber density in the inner cavity of the optical fiber cable is 3.74F/mm 2 .
  • the present invention is improved based on the above-mentioned basic optical cable structure.
  • the wrapping tape 80 may be polyester yarn, aramid yarn or polyester tape or a combination thereof.
  • the thickness of the winding strap 80 is usually 0.1-0.2 mm, and its equivalent width is usually 0.1-2 mm.
  • 8-12 microtubes 20 are combined in a bundle of wound microtubes 82 by a winding band 80, and each bundle of wound microtubes 82 is distinguished by a different color winding band 80, and then twisted together, with the same resistance
  • the water yarns merge together into a cable core (microtube core 84).
  • the present invention also calculates and optimizes the structure of the microtube core 84 through the following fiber density formula, which effectively improves the fiber density and the space ratio of the fiber 2 in the inner cavity of the sheath.
  • ⁇ is the optical fiber density
  • N is the number of optical fibers
  • R is the inner cavity radius of the optical fiber.
  • the fiber density in the fiber optic cable cavity is usually 3.8-10F/mm 2 , which is defined as the number of fibers in the fiber optic cable divided by the surface area of the fiber optic cable cavity.
  • R is the inner cavity radius of the optical cable
  • D is the equivalent diameter of the cable core
  • K is the correction coefficient
  • K is generally 0.5-1.0mm.
  • the inner cavity radius of the fiber optic cable is defined as half of the equivalent diameter of the fiber optic cable core plus the correction factor.
  • M 1 is the thickness of the winding ties
  • N 1 is the number of ties
  • N 2 is the equivalent number of water blocking yarns, which is the density of the water blocking yarn bus line divided by 1420 Denier
  • D 1 is the stranding of the micro-bundle tubes in the optical cable Equivalent diameter.
  • N 3 is the number of microtubes
  • D 2 is the outer diameter of the microtubes.
  • the unit of fiber density is F/mm 2 ; N is the number of fibers; K is the correction coefficient, with a value of 0.5-1.0mm; M 1 is the thickness of the winding strap, in mm, N 1 is the number of winding straps; N 2 is The equivalent number of water-blocking yarns; N 3 is the number of dry-type optical fiber microtubes, and D 2 is the outer diameter of the dry-type optical fiber microtubes, in mm.
  • the fiber density in the inner cavity of the optical cable is:
  • the unit of optical fiber density is F/mm 2 ;
  • N is the number of optical fibers;
  • N 3 is the number of dry-type optical fiber microtubes, and
  • D 2 is the outer diameter of the dry-type optical fiber microtubes, in mm.
  • the structure of the optical cable 100 may be composed of only a combination of a plurality of microtubes wrapped around the microtube 82, 84, a number of water blocking yarn 3 and outer sheath 30, a number of water blocking yarn 3 filling
  • the winding microtube 82 is composed of a winding tape 80 winding a plurality of microtubes 20 and a plurality of water blocking yarns 3 filled in the gap.
  • the outer sheath A number of reinforcements 31 are embedded in 30.
  • the structure of the optical cable 100 may further include one or more structures similar to the above-mentioned water blocking tape 40, reinforcing layer 50, or tear cord 41.
  • a fully dry micro-bundle optical cable with 432 fiber cores, and its structure is generally shown in Figure 7.
  • optical fiber 2 there are 12 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of optical fiber 2 are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, and cyan.
  • Optical fiber 2 uses G.657A2 optical fiber. After coloring, the diameter of the coating of the optical fiber is 250 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the optical fiber 2 is SZ stranded in the microtube 20.
  • Each microtube 20 contains 1 600D water blocking yarn 3, the density of the water blocking yarn 3 is 15000m/kg, the tensile strength is ⁇ 20N, the elongation at break is ⁇ 12%, the thermal shrinkage rate is ⁇ 3.5%, and the expansion Speed ⁇ 30ml/g/min, expansion rate ⁇ 40ml/g, water content ⁇ 8%.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is generally between 0.1-0.2mm, the material of the microtube sheath 1 is LSZH material, the density is usually 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is usually 12MPa, and the elongation at break The rate is 140%.
  • the outer diameter of the 12-core microtube 20 is usually 1.5 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber accounts for 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microtube sheath, the inner diameter of the microtube is 1.1 ⁇ 1.3mm, and the equivalent diameter of the water blocking yarn inside the microtube About 0.35mm, about 7% to 10% of the surface area of the inner cavity.
  • the microtube 20 is twisted by spiral SZ in the inner cavity of the outer sheath 30.
  • the color of microtube 20 is blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, cyan, blue plus 1 black ring, orange plus 1 black ring, and green plus 1 Black ring, brown plus 1 black ring, gray plus 1 black ring, white plus 1 black ring, red plus 1 black ring, black plus 1 white ring, yellow plus 1 black ring, purple plus 1 Black ring, pink plus 1 black ring, cyan plus 1 black ring, blue plus 2 black rings, orange plus 2 black rings, green plus 2 black rings, brown plus 2 black rings, gray plus 2 Black ring, white plus 2 black rings, red plus 2 black rings, black plus 2 white rings, yellow plus 2 black rings, purple plus 2 black rings, pink plus 2 black rings, cyan plus 2 Root black ring.
  • the winding band 80 is polyester yarn.
  • the thickness of the polyester yarn is 0.1mm, and the number of ties 80 is 3.
  • the reinforcing layer 50 is a water-blocking yarn, and the number of water-blocking yarns is 26 and 3000 Denier.
  • the outer diameter of the inner cavity is 11.83mm
  • the fiber density in the inner cavity is 3.93F/mm 2
  • the inner cavity fiber density of the traditional optical fiber cable is 3.28F/mm 2 , this design makes the fiber density Increased by 19.8%.
  • the water blocking tape 40 is a double-sided water blocking tape, the thickness of the water blocking tape is 0.2mm, the width is 40mm, the expansion rate is ⁇ 10mm/min, the expansion height is ⁇ 12mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 40N/cm, and the elongation at break ⁇ 12%.
  • the material of tear rope 41 can be polyester yarn, linear density is 444tex, tensile strength ⁇ 150N, elongation at break ⁇ 12%, softening point ⁇ 238°C, melting point ⁇ 265°C
  • the outer sheath 30 is made of high-density polyethylene, and the thickness of the outer sheath is nominally 2.8mm.
  • the overall outer diameter of the 432-core all-dry micro-bundle optical cable 100 is nominally 17.4mm.
  • optical fibers 2 there are 12 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of the optical fibers are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, and cyan.
  • the optical fiber uses G.657A2 optical fiber, after coloring.
  • the diameter of the fiber coating is 250 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the fiber is SZ stranded in the microbeam tube.
  • Each microtube contains one 600D water blocking yarn 3, the water blocking yarn density is 15000m/kg, tensile strength ⁇ 20N, elongation at break ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5%, expansion rate ⁇ 30ml /g/min, expansion rate ⁇ 40ml/g, moisture content ⁇ 8%.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is generally between 0.1-0.2mm, the microbeam tube sheath is made of LSZH material, the density is usually 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is usually 12MPa, and the elongation at break The rate is 140%.
  • the outer diameter of the 12-core microtube 20 is usually 1.5 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber accounts for 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microbeam tube, the inner diameter of the microtube is 1.1 ⁇ 1.3mm, and the equivalent diameter of the inner water blocking yarn in the microtube is about 0.35mm, about 7% to 10% of the inner cavity area.
  • the microtube 20 is twisted by spiral SZ in the inner cavity of the outer sheath 30.
  • the color of microtube 20 is blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, cyan, blue plus 1 black ring, orange plus 1 black ring, green plus 1 Black ring, brown plus 1 black ring, gray plus 1 black ring, white plus 1 black ring, red plus 1 black ring, black plus 1 white ring, yellow plus 1 black ring, purple plus 1 Black ring, pink plus 1 black ring, cyan plus 1 black ring, blue plus 2 black rings, orange plus 2 black rings, green plus 2 black rings, brown plus 2 black rings, gray plus 2 Black ring, white plus 2 black rings, red plus 2 black rings, black plus 2 white rings, yellow plus 2 black rings, purple plus 2 black rings, pink plus 2 black rings, cyan plus 2 Root black ring.
  • the winding band 80 is polyester yarn.
  • the thickness of the polyester yarn is 0.1mm, and the number of winding straps 80 is 5.
  • the reinforcing layer 50 is a water-blocking yarn, and the number of water-blocking yarns is 42 and 3000 Denier.
  • the water blocking tape 40 is a double-sided water blocking tape, the thickness of the water blocking tape is 0.2mm, the width is 40mm, the expansion rate is ⁇ 10mm/min, the expansion height is ⁇ 12mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 40N/cm, and the elongation at break ⁇ 12%.
  • the outer sheath 30 is made of high-density polyethylene, and the thickness of the sheath is nominally 3.0mm.
  • the overall outer diameter of the 720-core all-dry micro-bundle optical cable 100 is nominally 21.1mm.
  • optical fibers 2 there are 12 optical fibers 2 in each microtube 20.
  • the colors of the optical fibers are blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, and cyan.
  • the optical fiber uses G.657A2 optical fiber, after coloring.
  • the diameter of the optical fiber coating is 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the optical fiber uses SZ stranding in the microtube.
  • Each microtube 20 contains one 300D water blocking yarn 3, the water blocking yarn density is 30000m/kg, tensile strength ⁇ 20N, elongation at break ⁇ 12%, thermal shrinkage rate ⁇ 3.5%, expansion rate ⁇ 30ml/g/min, expansion rate ⁇ 40ml/g, water content ⁇ 8%.
  • the wall thickness of the microtube sheath 1 is generally between 0.1-0.2mm, the microbeam tube sheath is made of LSZH material, the density is usually 1.4 ⁇ 1.5g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is usually 12MPa, and the elongation at break The rate is 140%.
  • the outer diameter of the 12-core microtube 20 is usually 1.3 ⁇ 0.1mm, the equivalent circumferential diameter of the optical fiber accounts for 70-80% of the inner diameter of the microtube sheath, the inner diameter of the microtube is 0.9 ⁇ 1.1mm, and the equivalent diameter of the water blocking yarn inside the microtube About 0.25mm, about 5% to 8% of the inner cavity area.
  • the microtube 20 is twisted by spiral SZ in the inner cavity of the outer sheath.
  • the color of microtube 20 is blue, orange, green, brown, gray, white, red, black, yellow, purple, pink, cyan, blue plus 1 black ring, orange plus 1 black ring, and green plus 1 Black ring, brown plus 1 black ring, gray plus 1 black ring, white plus 1 black ring, red plus 1 black ring, black plus 1 white ring, yellow plus 1 black ring, purple plus 1 Black ring, pink plus 1 black ring, cyan plus 1 black ring, blue plus 2 black rings, orange plus 2 black rings, green plus 2 black rings, brown plus 2 black rings, gray plus 2 Black ring, white plus 2 black rings, red plus 2 black rings, black plus 2 white rings, yellow plus 2 black rings, purple plus 2 black rings, pink plus 2 black rings, cyan plus 2 Root black ring.
  • the winding band 80 is a polyester band.
  • the thickness of the polyester yarn is 0.1mm, and the number of ties is 5.
  • the reinforcing layer 50 is a water-blocking yarn, and the number of water-blocking yarns is 30 and 3000 Denier.
  • the outer diameter of the inner cavity is 12.69mm
  • the fiber density in the inner cavity is 5.69F/mm 2.
  • the inner cavity fiber density of the traditional optical fiber cable is 4.56F/mm 2
  • the fiber density is increased by 24.8% .
  • the water blocking tape 40 is a double-sided water blocking tape, the thickness of the water blocking tape is 0.2mm, the width is 40mm, the expansion rate is ⁇ 10mm/min, the expansion height is ⁇ 12mm, the tensile strength is ⁇ 40N/cm, and the elongation at break ⁇ 12%.
  • the outer sheath 30 is made of high-density polyethylene, and the thickness of the outer sheath is nominally 2.6mm.
  • the overall outer diameter of the 720-core all-dry micro-beam optical cable 100 is nominally 17.9mm.
  • the above-mentioned wound all-dry micro-bundle optical fiber cable has no grease filling, environmental protection and pollution-free, no need to clean up grease during construction, high efficiency and fast; dry water blocking materials have good compatibility with optical fibers, and long-term coexistence does not affect optical fiber performance; dry blocking The water material has stable performance with temperature changes, and the optical fiber transmission characteristics do not change with temperature; the dry water blocking material accounts for less than 20% of the inner diameter surface area of the microtube, and has no effect on the performance of the microtube sheath for a long time; After the bundle tube is wound and combined, it can effectively increase the optical fiber density and the space ratio of the optical fiber in the inner cavity of the sheath.

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Abstract

一种易剥离干式光纤微管（20）和全干式微束光缆（100），微管（20）包括若干光纤（2）、若干阻水纱（3）和包覆在两者外侧的微管护套（1），若干光纤（2）等效圆周直径在微管护套（1）内腔的占比小于90%且大于等于70%，阻水纱（3）占微管护套（1）内腔的20%及以内，微管护套（1）的材料包括烯烃聚合物和无机填料。聚烯烃和无机填料组合材料，可不借助工具，徒手开剥；微管护套（1）质地柔软，不发生弯折，在微管护套（1）剥离时，不损伤光纤（2）涂层；光纤微管（20）内不含油膏填充，施工高效便捷；光纤微管（20）内各组分兼容性强，长期使用不会导致光纤（2）着色层脱落，衰减变化。

Description

易剥离干式光纤微管和全干式微束光缆 技术领域
本发明涉及光缆技术领域，特别是指一种易剥离干式光纤微管和全干式微束光缆。
背景技术
光纤和护套是组成光缆的基本元素，而光纤外面通常具有一层保护层或保护管，称为紧套层、半紧套层或松套管。紧套光纤一般是制造各种室内光缆的基本元件，可单独使用，可以用于制作尾纤，用于各类有源或无源器件的连接及仪表、终端设备的连接。在室外光缆中，为保护光纤不受内部应力和外部侧压力影响，通常在光纤外套塑一层松套管，松套管材料通常为聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯PBT、聚碳酸酯PC或聚丙烯PP。松套管材料的邵氏硬度H D通常大于70，属于中等硬质塑料。
上述紧套光纤紧套层和松套管剥离都需要使用专用工具进行开剥，在剥离紧套层或松套管时，容易造成光纤涂覆层损伤；且松套管质地硬，在弯曲半径小的地方，容易造成松套管弯折，导致衰减超标，甚至出现光纤断裂；松套管在光缆接头盒内发生收缩，容易导致光纤衰减增大。松套管内通常含有油膏，油膏中主要含有硅油，硅油为一般化学合成品，自然降解能力较低，长期容易污染环境；在光缆安装使用过程中，油膏清理麻烦，通常需要采用有机溶剂处理，不环保且效率低；油膏与光纤接触，易造成着色层脱落或迁移，难以区分，造成接续困难；温度变化时，油膏的粘度会发生变化，可能会导致光纤衰减变高。
发明内容
鉴于以上内容，有必要提供一种改进的易剥离干式光纤微管和全 干式微束光缆。
本发明提供的技术方案为：一种易剥离干式光纤微管，包括若干光纤、若干阻水纱和包覆在两者外侧的微管护套，若干光纤等效圆周直径在所述微管护套内腔的占比小于90％且大于等于70％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔的20％及以内，所述微管护套的材料包括烯烃聚合物和无机填料。
进一步地，若干光纤等效圆周直径在所述微管护套内腔的占比为70％-80％之间。
进一步地，所述无机填料占微管护套所有组分总质量的0.1％～20％；所述烯烃聚合物包括第一烯烃聚合物或乙烯/丙烯与其他单体共聚物，其中第一烯烃聚合物包括线性低密度聚乙烯、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物；其中乙烯/丙烯与其他单体共聚物包括乙烯-醇酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物中的一种或多种混合物；所述无机填料包括氢氧化物、水合氧化物，金属盐或它们的混合物，或者是炭黑、二氧化硅、高岭土、黏土或它们的混合物；所述微管护套的厚度为0.1-0.2mm。其中氢氧化物可包含氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁，水合氧化物可以是水合氧化铝、水合碳酸镁，金属盐可以是氧化锌、碳酸钙、氧化钴等。
进一步地，所述阻水纱包括吸水纤维，能够在微管生产过程中无阻水粉掉落，所述吸水纤维含有丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸盐或它们的改性物质或它们的混合物。
本发明还提供一种全干式微束光缆，包括多个所述的易剥离干式光纤微管和若干阻水纱形成的微管芯，和外护套，以及嵌入外护套内的若干加强件，其中外护套包覆在微管芯的外周，阻水纱填充在微管与微管之间的间隙中。
进一步地，所述微管芯与所述外护套之间还包括同轴设置的加强层，所述加强层的材料包括芳纶、玻纤纱或聚酯纱中的任一种，或者是阻水纱与芳纶、玻纤纱或聚酯纱中一种或多种的组合。
进一步地，所述微管芯与所述外护套之间还包括同轴设置的阻水 带，所述阻水带为双面阻水带。
进一步地，所述阻水带内还包括嵌入的若干撕裂绳，所述撕裂绳的材质为芳纶或聚酯纱。
进一步地，所述微管芯内的若干所述微管和若干阻水纱采用SZ绞合或S绞合或螺旋绞合。
进一步地，所述外护套的材料为聚烯烃材料；所述加强件为密度在2.05～2.15g/cm 3的玻璃纤维增强塑料杆。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的易剥离干式光纤微管中微管护套采用聚烯烃和无机填料组合材料，可不借助工具，徒手开剥；微管护套质地柔软，不发生弯折，在微管护套剥离时，不损伤光纤涂层；光纤微管内不含油膏填充，施工高效便捷；光纤微管内各组分兼容性强，长期使用不会导致光纤着色层脱落，衰减变化。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明一实施方式中易剥离干式光纤微管的结构示意图。
图2为应用图2中微管结构的全干式微束光缆的剖面结构一。
图3为应用图2中微管结构的全干式微束光缆的剖面结构二。
图4为应用图2中微管结构的全干式微束光缆的剖面结构三。
图5为应用图2中微管结构的全干式微束光缆的剖面结构四。
图6为应用图2中微管结构的全干式微束光缆的剖面结构五。
图7为应用图2中微管结构的全干式微束光缆的剖面结构六。
附图标记说明:
微管护套                      1
光纤                          2
干式光纤微管                  20
阻水纱                        3
全干式微束光缆                100
外护套                       30
加强件                       31
阻水带                       40
撕裂绳                       41
加强层                       50
绕扎带                       80
绕扎微管                     82
微管芯                       84
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明实施例。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明实施例的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明实施例，所描述的实施方式仅是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明实施例保护的范围。
本文中“SZ绞”为左右向绞。绞制的绞向有左向和右向之分，左向形似“S”又称S向，右向形似“Z”又称Z向。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明实施例的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明实施例。
请参阅图1，本发明提供了一种易剥离干式光纤微管20，包括若干光纤2、若干阻水纱3和微管护套1组成，其中微管护套1包覆在若干光纤2和若干阻水纱3外，微管护套1内腔与若干光纤2和/或若干阻水纱3的空隙中无填充物，阻水纱占内腔空间20％及以下。即不含有油膏填充，避免着色层脱落或迁移，使得接续更易施工，环保高效。
光纤2，通常为单模光纤，其表层设有保护涂层；每一微管护套1内出现多根光纤2时，可以通过着色来区分，即形成着色光纤。单根光纤2的直径可以是标称250μm、200μm或180μm。多根光纤2在微管护套1内通常为SZ绞合。多根光纤等效直径公式为：D＝1.16×n 1/2×d，其中n为光纤数量，d为着色光纤直径。
该干式光纤微管20中包含至少1根阻水纱3，阻水纱线密度通常在200-800Denier(纤度又称旦数，即旦尼尔数)，抗张强度≥12N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥25ml/g/min，膨胀率≥30ml/g，含水率≤8％。阻水纱3由吸水树脂或吸水纤维在基础纱线上经工艺固化后制备，光纤微管生产过程中无阻水粉掉落，其中吸水树脂和吸水纤维通常含有丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸盐或它们的改性物质或它们的混合物，其中改性物质可以是丙烯酸接枝共聚物，如丙烯酸接枝改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。所述阻水纱3占微管护套内腔表面积的20％及以内。
该干式光纤微管20中微管护套1的厚度为0.1-0.2mm；微管护套1的材料包括烯烃聚合物和无机填料，无机填料占微管护套所有组分总质量的0.1％～20％，所述烯烃聚合物包括第一烯烃聚合物或乙烯/丙烯与其他单体共聚物，其中第一烯烃聚合物包括线性低密度聚乙烯、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯或乙烯丙烯共聚物中的一种；其中乙烯/丙烯与其他单体共聚物包括乙烯-醇酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物中一种或多种混合物，邵氏硬度H A小于等于90，光纤微管护套1可徒手轻松撕离至少1米。该无机填料可以是氢氧化物、水合氧化物，金属盐或它们的混合物，其中氢氧化物可包含 氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁，水合氧化物可以是水合氧化铝、水合碳酸镁，金属盐可以是氧化锌、碳酸钙、氧化钴等；该无机填料也可以是炭黑、二氧化硅、高岭土、黏土等。光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的比例X，70％≤X＜90％，优选70-80％。其中无机填料使材料的韧性降低，从而光纤微管护层可不借助工具轻松撕离至少1米。同时，无机填料的添加可降低材料的收缩性，上述比例范围可调控材料收缩率＜3％，光纤微管在接头盒内不发生收缩，可保证光缆通信线路通信稳定。
下面本发明举例说明易剥离干式光纤微管20的结构和性能。
实施例1
本例中一种易剥离干式光纤微管20的光纤芯数为6芯，如图1所示。
每根光纤微管20内有6根光纤，光纤2颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白，光纤采用G.652D光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为250μm±15μm，在微管内光纤采用SZ绞。
每根光纤微管20内包含1根300D阻水纱3，阻水纱3线密度在30000m/kg，性能选型要求：抗张强度≥12N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥25ml/g/min，膨胀率≥30ml/g，含水率≤8％。本例中为含有丙烯酸盐的吸水纤维，其基体主要是涤纶或锦纶。
微管护套1壁厚为0.1mm，微管护套1材质为线性低密度聚乙烯和炭黑和二氧化硅的混合物，质量比为82:10:8，密度为1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。微管护套材料的邵氏硬度H A为84，光纤微管护层可徒手轻松撕离1m。
6芯光纤微管外径为1.2±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的70-80％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔表面积的10-15％。
实施例2
本例中一种易剥离干式光纤微管20的光纤芯数为12芯。
每根微管20内有12根光纤2，光纤2颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿，光纤采用G.657A2光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为200μm±10μm，在微管20内光纤采用SZ绞。
每根微管20内包含1根300D阻水纱3，阻水纱3线密度在30000m/kg，性能选型要求：抗张强度≥12N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥25ml/g/min，膨胀率≥30ml/g，含水率≤8％。本例中为固化有聚丙烯酸和丙烯酸盐的吸水纤维，其基体主要是涤纶或锦纶。
微管护套1壁厚为0.15mm，微管护套1材质为乙烯-醇酸乙烯共聚物与氢氧化铝的混合物，质量比为95:5，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。微管护套1材料的邵氏硬度H A为84，光纤微管护套1可徒手轻松撕离1m。
12芯光纤微管20外径通常在1.3±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的70-80％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔表面积的12-18％。
实施例3
一种易剥离干式光纤微管20，光纤芯数12芯。
每根微管20内12根光纤2，光纤2颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿，光纤2采用G.657A2光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为250μm±10μm，光纤2在微管护套1内采用SZ绞。
每根微管20内包含1根600D阻水纱3，阻水纱3密度在15000m/kg，性能选型要求：抗张强度≥20N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥30ml/g/min，膨胀率≥40ml/g，含水率≤8％。本例中为含丙烯酸接枝共聚物的吸水纤维，其基体主要是涤纶或锦纶。
微管护套1壁厚为0.2mm，微管护套1材质为乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物和乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物与高岭土的混合物，质量比为45:45:10，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为18MPa，断裂 伸长率为210％。微管护套材料的邵氏硬度H A为89，光纤微管护套1可徒手轻松撕离1m。
12芯光纤微管20外径通常在1.5±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的70-80％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔表面积的8-16％。
以下表1列举了该类干式光纤微管20中不同光纤外径及数量，和优选的光纤微管外径的数值。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019126737-appb-000001
上述易剥离干式光纤微管20中微管护套1材料的邵氏硬度H A不超过90，可徒手不借助工具撕离微管护套，且用力小，不损伤光纤；该光纤微管最小弯曲半径10mm，不发生弯折；光纤微管20内不含油膏，阻水材料采用阻水纱，环保，且施工时高效快捷；光纤微管内光纤、阻水纱、微管护层兼容性强，大长度光纤的物理化学性能稳定。
请参阅图2、图3和图4，本发明将上述干式光纤微管20应用于微束光缆结构中，制成全干式微束光缆100，该光缆一般用于城市主干网，通常采用室外管道敷设或架空敷设。
在一具体基础实施方式中，以6芯光纤2的微管20为例，如图2所示，该全干式微束光缆100的截面结构包括多个微管20、若干阻水纱3和外护套30，每一阻水纱3填充在多个微管20之间的间隙中，且外护套30内嵌入若干加强件31。该微管为上述易剥离干式光纤微管20，一根光缆中其数量可以为3根、6根、9根、12根、15根、18根、21根或24根或30根等等，具体视光缆的尺寸和性能要求而 定，微管20在外护套30内腔中采用螺旋绞合，也可以是SZ绞，或者是S绞，形成微管芯84，设置于光缆的中心。该阻水纱3性能符合或高于《YDT1115.2-通信电缆光缆用阻水材料第一部分：阻水纱》的行业标准规范。该外护套30材料为聚烯烃材料，通常为中密度聚乙烯或高密度聚乙烯材料，也可以是低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料。该加强件31通常为玻璃纤维增强塑料杆(简称FRP)，FRP密度在2.05～2.15g/cm 3，拉伸及弯曲强度≥1100MPa，拉伸及弯曲弹性模量≥50GPa，断裂伸长率≤4％，吸水率≤0.1％，同时具有较低的热膨胀系数5×10 -5～6×10 -5K -1，耐酸碱及化学性能稳定。为保证FRP与外护套粘结力，通常在表面涂塑一层有机聚合物，其主要成分为乙烯丙烯酸共聚物，FRP与护套抽拔力≥50N。
在前述基础光缆的结构中，绞合后的多个光纤微管(微管芯84)与外护套30之间还可以设有一加强层50(见图3或图4)，该加强层50与外护套30及微管芯84大体呈同轴设置。该加强层50可以为芳纶、玻纤纱或聚酯纱中的任一种，也可以是芳纶与阻水纱、玻纤纱与阻水纱或聚酯纱与阻水纱中任一种，或者它们的混合物。
在前述基础光缆的结构中，绞合后的多个光纤微管(微管芯84)与外护套50之间还可以设有一阻水带40(如图3和图4)，该阻水带40与外护套30及微管芯84大体呈同轴设置。该阻水带40通常为双面阻水带，由聚酯纤维非织造布—高吸水膨胀材料—聚酯纤维非织造布依次复合而成，高吸水膨胀材料常采用交联聚丙烯酸酯类膨胀粉复合而成，且耐热，不含酸碱，耐化学性能稳定；阻水带厚度≤0.25mm，膨胀速率≥10mm/min，膨胀高度≥12mm，抗张强度≥40N/cm，断裂伸长率≥12％。在其他实施方式中，该阻水带40还可以内嵌撕裂绳41(如图4所示)，该撕裂绳41材质可以是芳纶或聚酯纱，线密度≥333tex，抗拉强度≥150N，断裂伸长率≥12％，软化点≥238℃，熔点≥265℃。
在如图4示出的全干式微束光缆100结构中，该光缆由芯层至外层包括大体呈同轴设置的微管芯84、加强层50、阻水带40和外护套 30，其中微管芯84中有24根微管20，微管20与微管20之间的空隙中随机填充有5根阻水纱3；每一微管20为绞合的5根光纤2和1根阻水纱3，及包裹在其外层的微管护套1组成；阻水带40中嵌入1根撕裂绳41，外护套30在径向嵌入2根加强件31。当微管20数量超过12根时，可以通过采用喷印不同数量的色块或色环来进行区分。
实施例4
一种全干式微束光缆100，光纤2芯数144芯，其结构大体如图4所示。
(1)每根微管20内6根光纤2，光纤2颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白，光纤采用G.652D光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为250μm±15μm，光纤在微管内采用SZ绞。
(2)每根微管20内包含1根300D阻水纱3，阻水纱3线密度在30000m/kg，抗张强度≥12N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥25ml/g/min，膨胀率≥30ml/g，含水率≤8％。
(3)微管护套1壁厚一般在0.1-0.2mm之间，微管护套1材质为LSZH材料，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。
(4)6芯光纤微管20外径通常在1.2±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的70-80％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔表面积的8-16％。
(5)微管20在外护套30内腔中采用螺旋S绞合。
(6)微管20颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿、蓝色加1根黑色环、橙色加1根黑色环、绿色加1根黑色环、棕色加1根黑色环、灰色加1根黑色环、白色加1根黑色环、红色加1根黑色环、黑色加1根白色环、黄色加1根黑色环、紫色加1根黑色环、粉色加1根黑色环、青绿色加1根黑色环。
(7)加强层50为芳纶与阻水纱。
(8)阻水带40为双面阻水带，阻水带厚度为0.2mm，宽度为 30mm，膨胀速率≥10mm/min，膨胀高度≥12mm，抗张强度≥40N/cm，断裂伸长率≥12％。
(9)撕裂绳41材质为聚酯纱，线密度为444tex，抗拉强度≥150N，断裂伸长率≥12％，软化点≥238℃，熔点≥265℃。
(10)外护套30内平行嵌入2根FRP加强件31，加强件31尺寸为2.0±0.1mm。
(11)外护套30材料高密度聚乙烯材料，外护套壁厚标称2.8mm。
(12)144芯全干式微束光缆100整体外径为标称16.6mm，光缆内腔中光纤密度为1.52F/mm 2。
实施例5
一种全干式微束光缆100，光纤芯数288芯。
(1)每根微管20内12根光纤2，光纤2颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿，光纤采用G.657A2光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为200μm±10μm，光纤2在微管20内采用SZ绞。
(2)每根微管20内包含1根600D阻水纱3，阻水纱线密度在15000m/kg，抗张强度≥12N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥25ml/g/min，膨胀率≥30ml/g，含水率≤8％。
(3)微管护套1壁厚一般在0.1-0.2mm之间，微管护套1材质为LSZH材料，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。
(4)12芯微管20外径通常在1.4±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微束管内径的70-80％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔表面积的10-15％。
(5)微管20在外护套30内腔中采用螺旋S绞合。
(6)微管20颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿、蓝色加1根黑色环、橙色加1根黑色环、绿色加1根黑色环、棕色加1根黑色环、灰色加1根黑色环、白色加1根黑色环、红色加1根黑色环、黑色加1根白色环、黄色加1根黑色环、紫色加1 根黑色环、粉色加1根黑色环、青绿色加1根黑色环。
(7)加强层50为玻纤纱与阻水纱。
(8)阻水带40为双面阻水带，阻水带厚度为0.2mm，宽度为34mm，膨胀速率≥10mm/min，膨胀高度≥12mm，抗张强度≥40N/cm，断裂伸长率≥12％。
(9)撕裂绳41材质可以聚酯纱，线密度为444tex，抗拉强度≥150N，断裂伸长率≥12％，软化点≥238℃，熔点≥265℃。
(10)外护套30内平行嵌入2根FRP加强件31，加强件31尺寸为1.8±0.1mm。
(11)外护套30材料高密度聚乙烯材料，外护套30壁厚标称2.6mm。
(12)288芯全干式微束光缆整体100外径为标称15.1mm，光缆内腔中光纤密度为3.74F/mm 2。
本发明为提高光缆100内腔中光纤密度以增大通信容量，基于上述基础光缆结构进行了改进，改进之处在于采用绕扎带80将多根微管20绕扎组合，再得到绞合的微管芯84。该绕扎带80可以是聚酯纱、芳纶纱或聚酯带或它们的组合。绕扎带80的厚度通常为0.1-0.2mm，其等效宽度通常为0.1-2mm。通常8-12根微管20通过绕扎带80组合在一束绕扎微管82中，每束绕扎微管82通过不同颜色的绕扎带80区分后，再绞合在一起，同阻水纱一起汇成缆芯(微管芯84)。本发明还通过以下光纤密度公式计算优化微管芯84结构，有效提高光纤密度和光纤2在护套内腔的空间占比。
σ＝N/(π×R 2)        (1)
其中：σ为光纤密度，N为光纤数量，R为光缆内腔半径。光缆内腔中光纤密度通常为3.8-10F/mm 2，其定义为光缆内光纤数量除以光缆内腔表面积。
R＝(D+K)/2        (2)
其中：R为光缆内腔半径，D为缆芯等效直径，K为修正系数， K一般取值为0.5-1.0mm。光缆内腔半径定义为光缆缆芯等效直径加修正系数后的一半。
D＝(M 1×N 1+D 1 2+N 2×0.43 2) 1/2      (3)
其中：M 1为绕扎带厚度，N 1为绕扎带数量，N 2为阻水纱等效数量，其为阻水纱总线密度规格除以1420Denier，D 1为光缆中微束管绞合等效直径。
D 1＝1.16×N 3 1/2×D 2       (4)
其中：N 3为微管数量，D 2为微管外径。
由上式(1)～(4)可知，本发明光缆内腔中光纤密度为：
Figure PCTCN2019126737-appb-000002
其中：光纤密度单位为F/mm 2；N为光纤数量；K为修正系数，取值0.5-1.0mm；M 1为绕扎带厚度，单位mm，N 1为绕扎带数量；N 2为阻水纱等效数量；N 3为干式光纤微管数量，D 2为干式光纤微管外径，单位mm。
例如图2、图3及图4的传统结构，其光缆内腔中光纤密度为：
Figure PCTCN2019126737-appb-000003
其中：光纤密度单位为F/mm 2；N为光纤数量；N 3为干式光纤微管数量，D 2为干式光纤微管外径，单位mm。
下面举例说明本发明在提高光缆的光纤密度中的效用。
请参阅图5、图6和图7，该光缆100结构可以是仅包括多个绕扎微管82组合的微管，84、若干阻水纱3和外护套30，若干阻水纱3填充在绕扎微管82与绕扎微管82之间的空心，绕扎微管82由绕扎带80绕扎多个微管20及填充在空隙中若干阻水纱3构成，该外护套30内嵌入若干加强件31。在其他实施方式中，该光缆100结构还可以包括类似上述的阻水带40、加强层50或撕裂绳41中的一种或多种结构。
实施例6
一种全干式微束光缆，光纤芯数432芯，其结构大体如图7所示。
(1)每根微管20内12根光纤2，光纤2颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿，光纤2采用G.657A2光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为250μm±10μm，光纤2在微管20内采用SZ绞。
(2)每根微管20内包含1根600D阻水纱3，阻水纱3密度在15000m/kg，抗张强度≥20N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥30ml/g/min，膨胀率≥40ml/g，含水率≤8％。
(3)微管护套1壁厚一般在0.1-0.2mm之间，微管护套1材质为LSZH材料，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。
(4)12芯微管20外径通常在1.5±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的70-80％，微管内径1.1～1.3mm，微管内阻水纱等效直径约0.35mm，约占内腔表面积的7％～10％。
(5)微管20在外护套30内腔中采用螺旋SZ绞合。
(6)微管20颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿、蓝色加1根黑色环、橙色加1根黑色环、绿色加1根黑色环、棕色加1根黑色环、灰色加1根黑色环、白色加1根黑色环、红色加1根黑色环、黑色加1根白色环、黄色加1根黑色环、紫色加1根黑色环、粉色加1根黑色环、青绿色加1根黑色环、蓝色加2根黑色环、橙色加2根黑色环、绿色加2根黑色环、棕色加2根黑色环、灰色加2根黑色环、白色加2根黑色环、红色加2根黑色环、黑色加2根白色环、黄色加2根黑色环、紫色加2根黑色环、粉色加2根黑色环、青绿色加2根黑色环。
(7)绕扎带80为聚酯纱。
(8)聚酯纱厚度为0.1mm，绕扎带80数量为3。
(9)加强层50为阻水纱，阻水纱根数为26根3000Denier。
(10)微管绞合外径D 1＝1.16×36 1/2×1.5＝10.44mm，缆芯绞合外径 D＝(0.1×3+10.44 2+26×3000/1420×0.43 2) 1/2＝10.93mm，内腔外径为11.83mm，内腔中光纤密度为3.93F/mm 2，如图4所示的传统光缆内腔光纤密度为3.28F/mm 2，该设计使得光纤密度提高19.8％。
(11)阻水带40为双面阻水带，阻水带厚度为0.2mm，宽度为40mm，膨胀速率≥10mm/min，膨胀高度≥12mm，抗张强度≥40N/cm，断裂伸长率≥12％。撕裂绳41材质可以聚酯纱，线密度为444tex，抗拉强度≥150N，断裂伸长率≥12％，软化点≥238℃，熔点≥265℃
(12)外护套30内平行嵌入2根FRP加强件31，加强件尺寸为1.8±0.1mm。
(13)外护套30材料高密度聚乙烯材料，外护套壁厚标称2.8mm。
(14)432芯全干式微束光缆100整体外径为标称17.4mm。
实施例7
一种全干式微束光缆100，光纤芯数720芯。
(1)每根微管20内12根光纤2，光纤颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿，光纤采用G.657A2光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为250μm±10μm，光纤在微束管内采用SZ绞。
(2)每根微管内包含1根600D阻水纱3，阻水纱密度在15000m/kg，抗张强度≥20N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥30ml/g/min，膨胀率≥40ml/g，含水率≤8％。
(3)微管护套1壁厚一般在0.1-0.2mm之间，微束管护套材质为LSZH材料，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。
(4)12芯微管20外径通常在1.5±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微束管内径的70-80％，微管内径1.1～1.3mm，微管内阻水纱等效直径约0.35mm，约占内腔面积的7％～10％。
(5)微管20在外护套30内腔中采用螺旋SZ绞合。
(6)微管20颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、 粉、青绿、蓝色加1根黑色环、橙色加1根黑色环、绿色加1根黑色环、棕色加1根黑色环、灰色加1根黑色环、白色加1根黑色环、红色加1根黑色环、黑色加1根白色环、黄色加1根黑色环、紫色加1根黑色环、粉色加1根黑色环、青绿色加1根黑色环、蓝色加2根黑色环、橙色加2根黑色环、绿色加2根黑色环、棕色加2根黑色环、灰色加2根黑色环、白色加2根黑色环、红色加2根黑色环、黑色加2根白色环、黄色加2根黑色环、紫色加2根黑色环、粉色加2根黑色环、青绿色加2根黑色环。
(7)绕扎带80为聚酯纱。
(8)聚酯纱厚度为0.1mm，绕扎带80数量为5。
(9)加强层50为阻水纱，阻水纱根数为42根3000Denier。
(10)微管绞合外径D 1＝1.16×60 1/2×1.5＝13.48mm，缆芯绞合外径D＝(0.1×5+13.48 2+42×3000/1420×0.43 2) 1/2＝14.09mm，内腔外径为15.09mm，内腔中光纤密度为4.03F/mm 2，如图4所示的传统光缆内腔光纤密度为3.59F/mm 2，光纤密度提高12.2％。
(11)阻水带40为双面阻水带，阻水带厚度为0.2mm，宽度为40mm，膨胀速率≥10mm/min，膨胀高度≥12mm，抗张强度≥40N/cm，断裂伸长率≥12％。
(12)外护套30内平行嵌入2根FRP加强件31，加强件尺寸为2.0±0.1mm。
(13)外护套30材料高密度聚乙烯材料，护套壁厚标称3.0mm。
(14)720芯全干式微束光缆100整体外径为标称21.1mm。
实施例8
一种全干式微束光缆100，光纤芯数720芯。
(1)每根微管20内12根光纤2，光纤颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿，光纤采用G.657A2光纤，着色后光纤涂层直径为200μm±10μm，光纤在微管内采用SZ绞。
(2)每根微管20内包含1根300D阻水纱3，阻水纱密度在 30000m/kg，抗张强度≥20N，断裂伸长率≥12％，热收缩率≤3.5％，膨胀速率≥30ml/g/min，膨胀率≥40ml/g，含水率≤8％。
(3)微管护套1壁厚一般在0.1-0.2mm之间，微束管护套材质为LSZH材料，密度通常在1.4～1.5g/cm 3，抗拉强度通常为12MPa，断裂伸长率为140％。
(4)12芯微管20外径通常在1.3±0.1mm，光纤等效圆周直径占微管护套内径的70-80％，微管内径0.9～1.1mm，微管内阻水纱等效直径约0.25mm，约占内腔面积的5％～8％。
(5)微管20在外护套内腔中采用螺旋SZ绞合。
(6)微管20颜色为蓝、橙、绿、棕、灰、白、红、黑、黄、紫、粉、青绿、蓝色加1根黑色环、橙色加1根黑色环、绿色加1根黑色环、棕色加1根黑色环、灰色加1根黑色环、白色加1根黑色环、红色加1根黑色环、黑色加1根白色环、黄色加1根黑色环、紫色加1根黑色环、粉色加1根黑色环、青绿色加1根黑色环、蓝色加2根黑色环、橙色加2根黑色环、绿色加2根黑色环、棕色加2根黑色环、灰色加2根黑色环、白色加2根黑色环、红色加2根黑色环、黑色加2根白色环、黄色加2根黑色环、紫色加2根黑色环、粉色加2根黑色环、青绿色加2根黑色环。
(7)绕扎带80为聚酯带。
(8)聚酯纱厚度为0.1mm，绕扎带数量为5。
(9)加强层50为阻水纱，阻水纱根数为30根3000Denier。
(10)微管绞合外径D 1＝1.16×60 1/2×1.3＝11.68mm，缆芯绞合外径D＝(0.1×5+11.68 2+30×3000/1420×0.43 2) 1/2＝12.19mm，内腔外径为12.69mm，内腔中光纤密度为5.69F/mm 2，如图4所示的传统光缆内腔光纤密度为4.56F/mm 2，光纤密度提高24.8％。
(11)阻水带40为双面阻水带，阻水带厚度为0.2mm，宽度为40mm，膨胀速率≥10mm/min，膨胀高度≥12mm，抗张强度≥40N/cm，断裂伸长率≥12％。
(12)外护套30内平行嵌入2根FRP加强件31，加强件尺寸为 1.8±0.1mm。
(13)外护套30材料高密度聚乙烯材料，外护套壁厚标称2.6mm。
(14)720芯全干式微束光缆100整体外径为标称17.9mm。
上述绕扎全干式微束光缆无油膏填充，环保无污染，施工时无需进行油膏清理，高效快捷；干式阻水材料与光纤兼容性好，长期共存不影响光纤性能；干式阻水材料随温度变化性能稳定，光纤传输特性不随温度变化而变化；干式阻水材料占微管内径表面积不足20％，长期对微束管护套性能无影响；采用绕扎带将几根微束管绕扎组合后，可有效提高光纤密度和光纤在护套内腔的空间占比。
以上实施方式仅用以说明本发明实施例的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照以上较佳实施方式对本发明实施例进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明实施例的技术方案进行修改或等同替换都不应脱离本发明实施例的技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种易剥离干式光纤微管，包括若干光纤、若干阻水纱和包覆在两者外侧的微管护套，其特征在于：若干光纤等效圆周直径在所述微管护套内腔的占比小于90％且大于等于70％，所述阻水纱占微管护套内腔的20％及以内，所述微管护套的材料包括烯烃聚合物和无机填料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的易剥离干式光纤微管，其特征在于：若干光纤等效圆周直径在所述微管护套内腔的占比为70％-80％之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的易剥离干式光纤微管，其特征在于：所述无机填料占微管护套所有组分总质量的0.1％～20％；所述烯烃聚合物包括第一烯烃聚合物或乙烯/丙烯与其他单体共聚物，其中第一烯烃聚合物包括线性低密度聚乙烯、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物；其中乙烯/丙烯与其他单体共聚物包括乙烯-醇酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物中的一种或多种混合物；所述无机填料包括氢氧化物、水合氧化物，金属盐或它们的混合物，或者是炭黑、二氧化硅、高岭土、黏土或它们的混合物；所述微管护套的厚度为0.1-0.2mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的易剥离干式光纤微管，其特征在于：所述阻水纱包括吸水纤维，能够在微管生产过程中无阻水粉掉落，所述吸水纤维含有丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸盐或它们的改性物质或它们的混合物。
  5. 一种全干式微束光缆，其特征在于：包括多个如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的易剥离干式光纤微管和若干阻水纱形成的微管芯，和外护套，以及嵌入外护套内的若干加强件，其中外护套包覆在微管芯的外周，阻水纱填充在微管与微管之间的间隙中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的全干式微束光缆，其特征在于：所述微管芯与所述外护套之间还包括同轴设置的加强层，所述加强层的材料包括芳纶、玻纤纱或聚酯纱中的任一种，或者是阻水纱与芳纶、玻纤 纱或聚酯纱中一种或多种的组合。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的全干式微束光缆，其特征在于：所述微管芯与所述外护套之间还包括同轴设置的阻水带，所述阻水带为双面阻水带。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的全干式微束光缆，其特征在于：所述阻水带内还包括嵌入的若干撕裂绳，所述撕裂绳的材质为芳纶或聚酯纱。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的全干式微束光缆，其特征在于：所述微管芯内的若干所述微管和若干阻水纱采用SZ绞合或S绞合或螺旋绞合。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的全干式微束光缆，其特征在于：所述外护套的材料为聚烯烃材料；所述加强件为密度在2.05～2.15g/cm 3的玻璃纤维增强塑料杆。
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