WO2021035775A1

WO2021035775A1 - Method for preparing aluminum-based composite material

Info

Publication number: WO2021035775A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/104190
Authority: WO
Inventors: 乐启炽; 任良; 李小强; 程春龙; 赵大志; 蒋燕超
Original assignee: 东北大学
Priority date: 2019-08-29
Filing date: 2019-09-03
Publication date: 2021-03-04
Also published as: CN110423915A; CN110423915B

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, wherein same is carried out according to the following steps: (1) preparing an aluminum ingot as a raw material and preparing a salt flux and a reinforcement; (2) placing the salt flux in a crucible and heating same to prepare a salt flux melt, adding the reinforcement thereto and stirring same to prepare a liquid-solid mixture; (3) pouring same into a normal temperature crucible for cooling to obtain a precursor; (4) preheating a smelting crucible to 573-673 K, wherein the raw material is added and melted to form a raw material melt; (5) placing the precursor in the raw material melt and stirring same, and then standing at 993-1023 K to form a dross and a composite material melt; and (6) lowering the temperature to 983±5 K after the removal of the dross, and then casting same. The method of the present invention has a simple process, a low cost and can greatly improve the strength of the aluminum-based composite material, and the method can be used to prepare an aluminum-based composite material structural component with a large volume, and can achieve automatic production, and this is of great significance to the development of the aluminum industry.

Description

Method for preparing aluminum-based composite material

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal-based composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material.

Background technique

Aluminum and its aluminum alloys have the advantages of low density, high strength, and good plasticity, and are widely used in aerospace, automotive and other fields. With the advancement of science and technology, there are higher requirements for the mechanical properties of aluminum and its alloys; therefore, chemically stable reinforcements are often added to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy and other excellent comprehensive properties.

Compared with traditional aluminum and its alloys, aluminum-based composite materials not only have excellent mechanical properties, but also some special properties and other good comprehensive properties. At present, the methods of preparing composite materials mainly include traditional mechanical stirring casting method, Squeeze casting method, injection molding method, in-situ composite method, etc.

The traditional mechanical stirring casting method is to add particles, whiskers, fibers and other reinforcements into the molten metal, and use mechanical stirring to make the reinforcements evenly distributed in the matrix. The advantages of the traditional mechanical stirring casting method are its low cost, simple process flow, mass production and mass production, and it is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other industries. How to distribute the reinforcement uniformly in the molten metal is a key issue in the preparation of aluminum matrix composites; however, most reinforcements tend to agglomerate or precipitate when entering the molten metal, making it difficult to evenly disperse in the melt. In addition, during the stirring process, gas impurities will be mixed with the stirring, and the reinforcement particles will increase the melt viscosity, making it difficult for the gas to escape, so the requirements for mechanical stirring are very high. Reinforcement can happen in the melt. The essence is that there is a difference in density between the reinforcement and the metal, so specific gravity segregation is bound to occur; the reinforcement has poor wettability for liquid metal, and it is impossible to be very good. Ground is dispersed in the matrix.

The squeeze casting method is a precision casting method that uses high pressure to fill and solidify liquid metal or semi-solid metal. First, the reinforcement is preformed, heated and then poured into the molten metal or melt, and then pressed in with a mold and cooled. Obtain composite castings. The squeeze casting method can reduce the influence of gas impurities on the quality of products, and has low requirements on wettability, and can obtain dense and uniform castings. The volume fraction of reinforcements that can be added is also increased, which can reach 30-50%. Significantly improve the performance of composite materials. However, there is a problem that the pressure affects the quality of the casting. When the pressure is high, the melt will flow turbulently, causing oxidation and gas retention; when the pressure is low, some of the gas cannot be removed, resulting in the phenomenon that the casting is not dense; in addition, The squeeze casting method cannot produce large-volume castings, nor can it be mass-automatically produced.

The injection molding method uses rare gas to atomize molten metal for spraying, mix with the reinforcement conveyed by the rare gas at the other end, and deposit and cool on the platform to obtain composite parts. The injection molding method uses rapid metal solidification technology to inhibit the growth of crystal grains and the formation of segregation, so that the crystal grains are refined and the reinforcements are evenly distributed. Atomized metal and mixed deposition are the two major influencing factors of spray molding. The process of atomizing metal is accompanied by gas transmission, which makes the parts often have a large porosity and shrinkage; if the solidification is too fast after deposition , The composite effect of reinforcement and matrix is not good or even composite does not occur. If the solidification is slow, it will cause uneven distribution of reinforcement and even segregation. In addition, as a new type of composite material preparation method, the injection molding method has a high cost. , Also does not apply to automated mass production.

The in-situ composite method is a new method of preparing metal matrix composite materials; this method does not directly add reinforcements, but uses chemical reactions or other special reactions to generate reinforcements in the melt, nucleate and grow All are completed in the matrix, so there is no incompatibility or poor combination with the matrix, thereby avoiding the influence of wetting conditions and making the composite material uniform and pure. This method is low in cost, simple in process flow, and good in quality. However, the number of reinforcements generated by chemical reactions is very small, which cannot satisfy a large amount of industrial production. Because of such limitations, it cannot reach mass production. produce.

The method of powder metallurgy is to mix metal powder and reinforcement powder by means of ball milling, and then sinter it by hot pressing under vacuum conditions. The powder metallurgy method does not need to heat the matrix alloy to a molten state, so that the matrix and the reinforcement can avoid the reaction of the interface. After mixing, the reinforcement is evenly distributed in the matrix, which has a good strengthening effect; however, because the reinforcement and the reinforcement The size, shape, and performance of the base alloy are quite different. Compared with the composite material produced by the casting method, the combination will lead to a decrease in the bonding strength of the composite material interface. In addition, the process method of powder metallurgy determines that it is more suitable for small functional materials, but not for larger structural materials; its process flow is relatively cumbersome, the cost is high, and there are many problems in the transportation process.

For the selection of reinforcement, attention should be paid to whether there is good wettability between the reinforcement and the matrix, whether the interface bonding strength is appropriate, and whether the interface is chemically reacted; currently, reinforcements are roughly divided into three types: whiskers, fibers, and particles; Such as lanthanum oxide particles, cerium oxide particles, silicon carbide whiskers, carbon fibers, etc.; among them, whiskers and particle-reinforced composite materials have the advantages of easy processing and dimensional stability; under normal circumstances, the reinforcement has a high melting point and is added to the alloy melt Will not melt, and will not chemically react with the substrate at the same time. If it can be uniformly present in the matrix and reduce the segregation of interstitial impurities at the grain boundary, the grain boundary strength can be improved; in addition, the reinforcement acts as a second relative dislocation to pin the movement and hinder the movement of the dislocation, thereby The strength of the alloy is improved, and the plasticity will not drop too much. However, if the reinforcement is directly added to the matrix melt, the particles will agglomerate due to poor wettability and cannot be well dispersed in the matrix, thus failing to achieve the effect of dispersion strengthening.

Summary of the invention

technical problem

The solution to the problem

Technical solutions

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, by dispersing the reinforcement with a salt flux to improve the surface wettability, and then adding it to the aluminum melt to solve the wettability between the reinforcement and the matrix. As well as the problem of interface bonding, while simplifying the process, it improves the strength of the aluminum-based composite material.

The method of the present invention is carried out in the following steps:

(1) Prepare aluminum ingot as raw material; prepare salt flux and reinforcement; the salt flux is a mixture of potassium chloride, sodium chloride and cryolite, wherein potassium chloride accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the salt flux, Sodium chloride accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the salt flux, and cryolite accounts for 20-60% of the total mass of the salt flux; the reinforcements are elemental metals, rare earth oxides, carbides, borides or metal oxides; The elemental metal is W, Mo or Ni, the rare earth oxide is La ₂ O ₃ , CeO ₂ or Y ₂ O ₃ , the carbide is TiC or SiC, the boride is ZrB ₂ , and the metal oxide is MgO or SiO ₂ ; The body is 0.1-30% of the total volume of the raw materials; the reinforcing body is 1-50% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(2) Put the salt flux in a clay crucible or graphite crucible and heat it to 973～1073K to make a salt flux melt; add the reinforcement into the salt flux melt, stir to make the reinforcement uniformly dispersed, and make a liquid-solid mixture ；

(3) Pour the liquid-solid mixture into a clay crucible or graphite crucible at room temperature, and cool to room temperature to obtain a precursor;

(4) Preheat the smelting crucible to 573~673K, and then place the raw materials in the smelting crucible. The raw materials are melted at 933-1033K to form a raw material melt; the material of the smelting crucible is graphite;

(5) Put the precursor into the raw material melt at a temperature of 933～1033K, stir to disperse the precursor uniformly, and then stand still at a temperature of 993～1023K to separate the impurity components and the composite material components to form scum and Composite material melt;

(6) Remove the scum on the surface of the composite material melt, then lower the temperature of the composite material melt to 983±5K, and cast it into an aluminum-based composite material.

The purity of the above aluminum ingot is ≥99.7%.

The shape of the above-mentioned reinforcement is fiber, particle or whisker; the particle diameter is 300nm-20μm; the diameter of the whisker is 0.1-1μm and the length is 10-100μm; the diameter of the fiber is 5-20μm and the continuous length is 10-70mm.

In the above step (5), the precursor is first crushed to a particle size ≤ 5 cm, and then put into the raw material melt.

In the above step (2), the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min, and the time is 2-5 min.

In the above step (5), the stirring speed is 100-300 r/min, and the time is 5-7 min.

In the above step (2), when the reinforcement is added to the salt flux melt, all the reinforcements are added in 3 to 5 times, and the addition amount each time is less than 50% of the total mass of the reinforcement.

In the above step (5), before standing still, the materials in the melting crucible are degassed with argon gas, and the pressure of the argon gas is 0.3-0.6 MPa.

In the above step (5), the standing time is 10-30 minutes.

In the above step (1), prepare aluminum ingots and other metal components as raw materials; when step (4) is performed, place the magnesium ingots and other metal components in an iron crucible, melt and stir and mix uniformly to form a raw material melt The other metal components are one or more of magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, aluminum-manganese alloys, aluminum rare earth alloys, aluminum-copper alloys, aluminum-titanium alloys and aluminum-silicon alloys, and magnesium, zinc, Manganese, rare earth, copper, titanium and silicon account for ≤10% of the total mass of raw materials.

The raw material components of the above-mentioned aluminum-based composite materials account for 80-99.9% of the total volume, and the reinforcement components account for 0.1-22% of the total volume.

The beneficial effects of the invention

Beneficial effect

The present invention is characterized in that: the reinforcement is put into the molten salt, the reinforcement is uniformly dispersed in the molten salt through mechanical stirring, and the good wetting properties of the reinforcement and the molten salt are used to improve the surface wettability; cryolite It can effectively refine the melt, dissolve alumina, remove impurities and gases; in addition, this salt flux can improve the wettability of the reinforcement, so that the reinforcement is easily uniformly dispersed in the matrix; due to the selected molten salt There is a big difference between the density and the melt density. Therefore, after being added to the melt, the reinforcement is separated from the molten salt; and the reinforcement is well infiltrated with the melt after surface modification, and can be uniformly dispersed in the melt; in addition, The cryolite molten salt used in the above steps has a low melting point and a fast melting, and can be used as a covering agent for the aluminum melt to prevent the oxidation of the aluminum liquid; the precursor is small in size and can be added at one time; the method of the present invention has simple process and low cost. It can greatly improve the strength of aluminum-based composite materials; it can be used to prepare large-volume aluminum-based composite materials and can be automated production, which is of great significance to the development of the aluminum industry.

Brief description of the drawings

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is an XRD diagram of the aluminum-based composite material in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a metallographic micrograph of the aluminum-based composite material in Example 1 of the present invention.

Invention embodiment

Embodiments of the present invention

The invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a thermocouple is used to detect temperature to ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement.

The aluminum ingots used in the embodiments of the present invention are commercially available products.

The potassium chloride, sodium chloride and cryolite used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available analytical reagents.

The reinforcement used in the embodiment of the present invention is a commercially available product.

The metallurgical microscope used in the embodiment of the present invention is Leica 1600X.

The X-ray diffraction observation equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention is the Dutch PANalytical Xpertpro.

The aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-rare-earth alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, and aluminum-silicon alloy of the present invention are collectively referred to as master alloys. The manganese, rare earth, copper, titanium and silicon in the master alloy respectively account for 10-40% of the total mass of the master alloy .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum-based composite material uses X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to calculate the reinforcement mass percentage, and then converts it into volume percentage.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the purity of the aluminum ingot is greater than or equal to 99.7%.

The shape of the reinforcement in the embodiment of the present invention is fiber, particle or whisker; wherein the particle diameter is 300nm-20μm; the whisker diameter is 0.1-1μm and the length is 10-100μm; the fiber diameter is 5-20μm and the continuous length is 10 ~70mm.

In the embodiment of the present invention, argon gas is used to degas the materials in the melting crucible before standing still, and the pressure of the argon gas is 0.3-0.6 MPa.

Example 1

Prepare aluminum ingots as raw materials; prepare salt flux and reinforcement; the salt flux is a mixture of potassium chloride, sodium chloride and cryolite, wherein potassium chloride accounts for 35% of the total mass of the salt flux, and sodium chloride accounts for the salt 30% of the total mass of the flux, cryolite occupies 35% of the total mass of the salt flux; the reinforcement is the rare earth oxide La ₂ O ₃ particles; the reinforcement is 5% of the total volume of the raw material; the reinforcement is the total salt flux 10% of the volume;

Place the salt flux in a clay crucible and heat it to 973K to make a salt flux melt; add the reinforcement to the salt flux melt, and add all the reinforcements in 3 times, each time adding 50% of the total mass of the reinforcement % Or less, stir to disperse the reinforcement uniformly to form a liquid-solid mixture; stirring speed 100r/min, time 5min;

Pour the liquid-solid mixture into a clay crucible at room temperature, and cool to room temperature to obtain a precursor;

Preheat the smelting crucible to 573K, and then place the raw materials in the smelting crucible. The raw materials are melted at 933K to form a raw material melt; the material of the smelting crucible is graphite;

The precursor is first crushed to a particle size ≤ 5cm, and then put into the raw material melt at a temperature of 933K, stirred to uniformly disperse the precursor, and then allowed to stand at a temperature of 993K to separate the impurity components and the composite material components to form Scum and composite material melt; stirring speed 100r/min, time 7min; use argon for degassing during standing, argon pressure 0.3～0.6MPa, standing time 30min;

Remove the scum on the surface of the composite material melt, and then lower the temperature of the composite material melt to 983±5K, and cast it into an aluminum-based composite material. The reinforcement component accounts for 3.87% of the total volume, and the rest is the raw material component;

The XRD pattern of the aluminum matrix composite is shown in Figure 1, and the metallographic micrograph is shown in Figure 2;

In the case of adjusting the amount of reinforcement added, a parallel comparison test was carried out. The reinforcements were respectively 1%, 3%, 8%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total volume of the raw materials. , 70-85% of the total mass of the reinforcement is retained in the matrix.

Example 2

The method is the same as in Example 1, the difference is:

(1) In the salt flux, potassium chloride accounts for 20% of the total mass of the salt flux, sodium chloride accounts for 50% of the total mass of the salt flux, and cryolite accounts for 30% of the total mass of the salt flux;

(2) The reinforcement is carbide SiC particles;

(3) The reinforcement is 1% of the total volume of the raw materials; the reinforcement is 3% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(4) Put the salt flux in a graphite crucible and heat it to 993K to make a salt flux melt; all the reinforcements are added in 4 times; stirring speed 200r/min, time 2min; liquid-solid mixture is poured into graphite crucible at room temperature cool down;

(5) Preheat the melting crucible to 593K; melt at 953K;

(6) First crush the precursor to a particle size ≤ 5cm, then put it into the raw material melt at a temperature of 953K, stir to make the precursor uniformly dispersed, and then stand still at a temperature of 998K; stirring speed 300r/min, time 5min; standing time 20min;

Aluminum-based composite material, the reinforcement component accounts for 0.72% of the total volume, and the rest is the raw material component;

Example 3

(1) Prepare aluminum ingots and other metal components as raw materials; the other metal components are magnesium ingots, accounting for 8% of the total mass of the raw materials; in the salt flux, potassium chloride accounts for 50% of the total mass of the salt flux, and sodium chloride accounts for 50% of the total mass of the salt flux. 30% of the total mass of the flux, cryolite occupies 20% of the total mass of the salt flux;

(2) The reinforcement is elemental metal Ni;

(3) The reinforcement is 10% of the total volume of the raw material; the reinforcement is 15% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(4) Put the salt flux in the graphite crucible and heat it to 1013K to make the salt flux melt; add all the reinforcements in 5 times; stirring speed 150r/min, time 4min; pour the liquid-solid mixture into the graphite crucible at room temperature cool down;

(5) Put the magnesium ingot and other metal components together in an iron crucible, melt and stir and mix uniformly to form a raw material melt; preheat the melting crucible to 613K; melt at 973K;

(6) First crush the precursor to a particle size ≤ 5cm, then put it into the raw material melt at a temperature of 973K, stir to make the precursor uniformly dispersed, and then stand still at a temperature of 1013K; stirring speed 200r/min, time 6min; standing time 10min;

Aluminum-based composite material, the reinforcement component accounts for 8% of the total volume, and the rest is the raw material component.

Example 4

(1) Prepare aluminum ingots and other metal components as raw materials; the other metal components are zinc ingots, accounting for 4% of the total mass of the raw materials; potassium chloride in the salt flux accounts for 20% of the total mass of the salt flux, and sodium chloride accounts for the salt 20% of the total mass of the flux, cryolite accounts for 60% of the total mass of the salt flux;

(2) The reinforcement is ZrB ₂ boride;

(3) The reinforcement is 18% of the total volume of the raw material; the reinforcement is 33% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(4) Put the salt flux in a graphite crucible and heat it to 1033K to make a salt flux melt; stirring speed 180r/min, time 3min; the liquid-solid mixture is poured into a graphite crucible at room temperature to cool;

(5) Put the magnesium ingot and other metal components together in an iron crucible, melt and stir and mix uniformly to form a raw material melt; preheat the melting crucible to 633K; melt at 993K;

(6) First crush the precursor to a particle size ≤ 5cm, then put it into the raw material melt at a temperature of 993K, stir to make the precursor uniformly dispersed, and then stand at a temperature of 1018K; stirring speed 300r/min, time 5min; standing time 15min;

For aluminum-based composite materials, the reinforcement component accounts for 13.9% of the total volume, and the rest is the raw material component.

Example 5

(1) Prepare aluminum ingots and other metal components as raw materials; the other metal components are aluminum rare earth alloys, and rare earths account for 5% of the total mass of the raw materials; potassium chloride in the salt flux accounts for 25% of the total mass of the salt flux, and sodium chloride It accounts for 50% of the total mass of the salt flux, and cryolite accounts for 25% of the total mass of the salt flux;

(2) The reinforcement is a metal oxide SiO ₂ ;

(3) The reinforcement is 22% of the total volume of the raw materials; the reinforcement is 40% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(4) Put the salt flux in a graphite crucible and heat it to 1053K to make a salt flux melt; add all the reinforcements in 4 times; stirring speed 120r/min, time 4min; liquid-solid mixture is poured into graphite crucible at room temperature cool down;

(5) Put the magnesium ingot and other metal components together in an iron crucible, melt and stir and mix evenly to form a raw material melt; preheat the melting crucible to 653K; melt at 1013K;

(6) First crush the precursor to a particle size ≤ 5cm, then put it into the raw material melt at a temperature of 1013K, stir to make the precursor uniformly dispersed, and then stand at a temperature of 1018K; stirring speed 200r/min, time 6min; standing time 25min;

Aluminum-based composite material, the reinforcement component accounts for 16.3% of the total volume, and the rest is the raw material component.

Example 6

(1) Prepare aluminum ingots and other metal components as raw materials; the other metal components are aluminum-titanium alloys and aluminum-silicon alloys of equal mass, and titanium and silicon account for 10% of the total mass of the raw materials; potassium chloride in the salt flux accounts for the salt flux 40% of the total mass, sodium chloride accounts for 20% of the total mass of the salt flux, and cryolite accounts for 40% of the total mass of the salt flux;

(2) The reinforcement is elemental metal Ni;

(3) The reinforcement is 27% of the total volume of the raw material; the reinforcement is 50% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(4) Heat the salt flux to 1073K to make the salt flux melt; add all the reinforcements in 5 times; stirring speed 150r/min, time 4min;

(5) Put the magnesium ingot and other metal components together in an iron crucible, melt and stir and mix uniformly to form a raw material melt; preheat the melting crucible to 673K; melt at 1033K;

(6) First crush the precursor to a particle size ≤ 5cm, then put it into the raw material melt at a temperature of 1033K, stir to make the precursor uniformly dispersed, and then stand at a temperature of 1023K; stirring speed 200r/min, time 6min; standing time 20min;

Aluminum-based composite material, the reinforcement component accounts for 22% of the total volume, and the rest is the raw material component.

Claims

A preparation method of aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that it is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) Prepare aluminum ingot as raw material; prepare salt flux and reinforcement; the salt flux is a mixture of potassium chloride, sodium chloride and cryolite, wherein potassium chloride accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the salt flux, Sodium chloride accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the salt flux, and cryolite accounts for 20-60% of the total mass of the salt flux; the reinforcements are elemental metals, rare earth oxides, carbides, borides or metal oxides; The elemental metal is W, Mo or Ni, the rare earth oxide is La 2 O 3 , CeO 2 or Y 2 O 3 , the carbide is TiC or SiC, the boride is ZrB 2 , and the metal oxide is MgO or SiO 2 ; The body is 0.1-30% of the total volume of the raw materials; the reinforcing body is 1-50% of the total volume of the salt flux;

(2) Put the salt flux in a clay crucible or graphite crucible and heat it to 973～1073K to make a salt flux melt; add the reinforcement into the salt flux melt, stir to make the reinforcement uniformly dispersed, and make a liquid-solid mixture ；

(3) Pour the liquid-solid mixture into a clay crucible or graphite crucible at room temperature, and cool to room temperature to obtain a precursor;

(4) Preheat the smelting crucible to 573~673K, and then place the raw materials in the smelting crucible. The raw materials are melted at 933-1033K to form a raw material melt; the material of the smelting crucible is graphite;

(5) Put the precursor into the raw material melt at a temperature of 933～1033K, stir to disperse the precursor uniformly, and then stand still at a temperature of 993～1023K to separate the impurity components and the composite material components to form scum and Composite material melt;

(6) Remove the scum on the surface of the composite material melt, then lower the temperature of the composite material melt to 983±5K, and cast it into an aluminum-based composite material.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the aluminum ingot is greater than or equal to 99.7%.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the reinforcement is fiber, particle or whisker; wherein the particle size is 300nm-20μm; the whisker diameter is 0.1- 1μm, length 10-100μm; fiber diameter 5-20μm, continuous length 10-70mm.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min and the time is 2-5 min.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the stirring speed is 100-300 r/min, and the time is 5-7 min.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the standing time is 10-30 minutes.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), aluminum ingots and other metal components are prepared as raw materials; when step (4) is performed, magnesium ingots and other metal The components are put together in an iron crucible, melted and mixed evenly to form a raw material melt; the other metal components are magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, aluminum-manganese alloys, aluminum-rare earth alloys, aluminum-copper alloys, aluminum-titanium alloys and aluminum-silicon One or more of the alloys, and the magnesium, zinc, manganese, rare earth, copper, titanium and silicon in the other metal components account for ≤10% of the total mass of the raw materials.
The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the raw material component of the aluminum-based composite material accounts for 80-99.9% of the total volume, and the reinforcement component accounts for 0.1-22% of the total volume. .