WO2021031397A1 - 显示装置 - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2021031397A1
WO2021031397A1 PCT/CN2019/117296 CN2019117296W WO2021031397A1 WO 2021031397 A1 WO2021031397 A1 WO 2021031397A1 CN 2019117296 W CN2019117296 W CN 2019117296W WO 2021031397 A1 WO2021031397 A1 WO 2021031397A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reflective
substrate
nanograting
grating
display panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/117296
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张鹏飞
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority to US16/651,245 priority Critical patent/US11668978B2/en
Publication of WO2021031397A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031397A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133605—Direct backlight including specially adapted reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134345—Subdivided pixels, e.g. for grey scale or redundancy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
    • G02F2201/307—Reflective grating, i.e. Bragg grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/50—Protective arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/36—Micro- or nanomaterials

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of display panels, and in particular to a display device.
  • the liquid crystal display is composed of a backlight module and a liquid crystal box.
  • the backlight module includes a backlight, a light guide plate, a diffuser, etc.
  • the liquid crystal cell includes a lower polarizer, a color filter, liquid crystal, TFT (Thin Film Transistor, thin film transistor) glass, and an upper polarizer.
  • TFT Thin Film Transistor, thin film transistor
  • the present application provides a display device.
  • a reflective nano-grating with a reflective effect on the light-shielding layer By arranging a reflective nano-grating with a reflective effect on the light-shielding layer, the technical problem that the light-shielding layer in the display panel absorbs most of the light energy causes serious light energy loss of the display device.
  • the present application provides a display device including a display panel and a backlight module located on one side of the display panel; the display panel includes sub-pixels and a light shielding layer arranged around the sub-pixels, and the light shielding layer is close to the backlight
  • the display panel includes sub-pixels and a light shielding layer arranged around the sub-pixels, and the light shielding layer is close to the backlight
  • One side of the module is provided with a reflective nano-grating
  • the backlight provided by the backlight module to the display panel is converted into polarized light in the display panel; the grating direction of the reflective nanograting and the polarization direction of the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting The angle between them is less than 90° to reflect at least part of the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting back to the backlight module, and the backlight module depolarizes the reflected polarized light for recycling .
  • the grating direction of the reflective nanograting and the polarization direction of the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting are parallel to each other.
  • the projected area of the light shielding layer in the direction perpendicular to the display panel is equal to the projected area of the reflective nanograting in the direction perpendicular to the display panel.
  • the display panel further includes an upper polarizing unit corresponding to the sub-pixel; the transmission axis of the upper polarizing unit and the transmission axis of the reflective nanograting The included angle is greater than 0°.
  • the transmission axis of the reflective nanograting and the transmission axis of the upper polarization unit are perpendicular to each other.
  • the upper polarization unit includes a transmissive nano-grating; the grating direction of the transmissive nano-grating and the polarization directed to the transmissive nano-grating and the reflective nano-grating
  • the polarization directions of the light are perpendicular to each other.
  • the grating period, grating duty ratio, and grating height of the reflective nanograting and the transmissive nanograting are the same.
  • the sub-pixel partially covers the edge of the reflective nanograting.
  • the display panel further includes a first substrate and a second substrate, the sub-pixels and the light shielding layer are located on the first substrate; the upper polarizing unit is disposed on the The sub-pixel is close to the side of the second substrate; the backlight module is arranged on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.
  • the display panel further includes a lower polarization unit, and the transmission axes of the lower polarization unit and the upper polarization unit are perpendicular to each other; the lower polarization unit is disposed on the first
  • the second substrate is on a side away from the first substrate, and the backlight module is located on a side of the lower polarizing unit away from the second substrate.
  • the display panel further includes a protective layer, a TFT array layer, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate; the sub-pixels and the The light shielding layer is located between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the protective layer covers the sub-pixels, the light shielding layer and the reflective nanograting, and the TFT array layer is located on the second substrate.
  • the substrate is close to the side of the liquid crystal layer.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a display device, including a display panel and a backlight module located on one side of the display panel; the display panel includes sub-pixels and a light shielding layer arranged around the sub-pixels, and the light shielding layer is close to A reflective nano-grating is provided on one side of the backlight module;
  • the backlight provided by the backlight module to the display panel is converted into polarized light in the display panel; the grating direction of the reflective nanograting and the polarization direction of the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting They are parallel to each other to reflect at least part of the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting back to the backlight module, and the backlight module depolarizes the reflected polarized light for recycling.
  • the display panel further includes an upper polarizing unit corresponding to the sub-pixel; the transmission axis of the upper polarizing unit and the transmission axis of the reflective nanograting Perpendicular to each other.
  • the upper polarization unit includes a transmissive nano-grating; the grating direction of the transmissive nano-grating and the grating direction of the reflective nano-grating are perpendicular to each other.
  • the grating period, grating duty ratio, and grating height of the reflective nanograting and the transmissive nanograting are the same.
  • the display panel further includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a lower polarizing unit; the sub-pixels and the light shielding layer are located on the first substrate close to the second substrate.
  • One side of the substrate; the upper polarization unit is arranged on the side of the sub-pixel close to the second substrate; the transmission axes of the lower polarization unit and the upper polarization unit are perpendicular to each other, and the lower polarization unit
  • the backlight module is located on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; the backlight module is located on the side of the lower polarizing unit away from the second substrate.
  • the present application is provided with a reflective nano-grating with a reflective effect on the light-shielding layer of the display panel, which can reflect at least part of the polarized light emitted to the reflective nano-grating in the display panel back to the backlight module, and the backlight
  • the module depolarizes the reflected polarized light and then recycles it, which prevents this part of the polarized light from being absorbed by the light shielding layer and improves the light energy utilization rate of the display device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of a display device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of light transmission and reflection light of an exemplary sub-wavelength grating structure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another display device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a display device 1, including a display panel 2 and a backlight module 3 located on one side of the display panel 2.
  • the display panel 2 includes sub-pixels 4 and surrounding sub-pixels 4.
  • the light shielding layer 5 is provided, and the side of the light shielding layer 5 close to the backlight module 3 is provided with a reflective nanograting 6; the backlight source provided by the backlight module 3 to the display panel 2 is converted into polarized light in the display panel 2;
  • the angle between the grating direction of the nano-grating 6 and the polarization direction of the polarized light directed to the reflective nano-grating 6 is less than 90°, so as to reflect at least part of the polarized light directed to the reflective nano-grating 6 back to the backlight module 3.
  • the backlight module 3 depolarizes the reflected polarized light and then recycles it.
  • the reflective nano-grating 6 has a sub-wavelength grating structure.
  • the so-called sub-wavelength grating refers to a grating whose grating period is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the sub-wavelength grating structure is effective for the transverse magnetic field (Transverse Magnetic, TM) and Transverse electric field Electric, TE) state light field has a high extinction ratio, which can significantly transmit TM polarized light (that is, p light) perpendicular to the metal wire (grating) arrangement direction and reflect TE polarized light parallel to the metal wire arrangement direction ( That is, s light), so that the sub-wavelength grating structure can be used as a reflective structure with high reflectivity; the material of the reflective nano grating 6 includes metal.
  • the sub-pixel 4 includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel; the light shielding layer 5 includes a BM layer.
  • the display panel 2 further includes a first substrate 7 and a second substrate 8 disposed oppositely, a liquid crystal layer 9 disposed between the first substrate 7 and the second substrate 8, and an upper polarizing unit 10 disposed corresponding to the sub-pixel 4 ,
  • the upper polarizing unit 10 is located on the protective layer 12, the TFT array layer 13 is located on the side of the second substrate 8 close to the liquid crystal layer 9, the lower polarization unit 11 is located on the side of the second substrate 8 away from the first substrate 7, and the backlight module 3 Located on the side of the lower polarizing unit 11 away from the second substrate 8, the transmission axes of the upper polarizing unit 10 and the lower polar
  • the lower polarizing unit 11 is arranged on the side of the second substrate 8 away from the first substrate 7, and the lower polarizing unit 11 can reflect the opaque light source back to the backlight module 3 for reuse, thereby improving the display device 1.
  • the utilization rate of light energy can also be arranged on the side of the first substrate 7 away from the liquid crystal layer 9, and the lower polarizing unit 11 can also be arranged on the side of the second substrate 8 away from the backlight module 3, which is not limited here.
  • the first substrate 7 is the base substrate of the color filter substrate
  • the corresponding second substrate 8 is the base substrate of the array substrate.
  • the reflective nanograting 6 of the present application can also be applied to COA (CF on Array)
  • the color filter is attached to the light shielding layer 5 of the display panel 2 on the side of the array substrate.
  • the backlight provided by the backlight module 3 to the display panel 2 is converted into polarized light having a first polarization direction by the lower polarization unit 11 on the second substrate 8.
  • the polarized light of the first polarization direction is from the second substrate 8 side. It enters the liquid crystal layer 9 and is electrically modulated by the liquid crystal layer 9.
  • the polarization direction of the electrically modulated polarized light is the second polarization direction (the first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction), and the polarized light in the second polarization direction is directed toward the second polarization direction.
  • the upper polarizing unit 10 on the side of a substrate 7 and the reflective nano-grating 6 on the light shielding layer 5, the polarized light emitted into the reflective nano-grating 6 in the display panel 2 mentioned in the embodiment of this application refers to passing through the liquid crystal layer 9.
  • the electrically adjusted polarized light with the second polarization direction; the upper polarizing unit 10 is used to analyze the electrically modulated polarized light to form a contrast between light and dark, thereby generating a display screen, so the transmitted light passing through the upper polarizing unit 10 will be emitted To the corresponding sub-pixel 4, a colored display screen is generated; the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting 6 is at least partially reflected, and the reflected polarized light sequentially passes through the liquid crystal layer 9 and the lower polarizing unit 11 and then is directed to the backlight module 3. After the backlight module 3 depolarizes the reflected polarized light, it is reflected by the reflective layer in the backlight module 3 back to the lower polarizing unit 11 on the second substrate 8 side, and then enters the display panel 2 again for use.
  • a reflective nano-grating 6 with a reflective effect is provided on the light-shielding layer 5 of the display panel 2, which can reflect at least part of the polarized light emitted from the display panel 2 toward the reflective nano-grating 6 back to the backlight module 3.
  • the backlight module 3 depolarizes the reflected polarized light and then recycles it, which prevents this part of the polarized light from being absorbed by the light shielding layer 5 and improves the light energy utilization rate of the display device 1.
  • the projection area of the light shielding layer 5 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 2 is equal to the projection area of the reflective nanograting 6 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 2.
  • the size and shape of the edge of the light shielding layer 5 and the edge of the reflective nanograting 6 are completely the same.
  • the polarized light directed toward the light-shielding layer 5 can all strike the reflective nano-grating 6 on the light-shielding layer 5, and be reflected back to the backlight module 3 by the reflective nano-grating 6 to be reused, thereby avoiding partial radiation.
  • the polarized light in the direction of the light shielding layer 5 directly hits the light shielding layer 5 and is absorbed, thereby increasing the light energy utilization rate.
  • the projection area of the light shielding layer 5 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 2 can also be greater than the projection area of the reflective nanograting 6 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 2, but it will cause part of the polarized light to be directed toward the light shielding layer 5 directly. It is absorbed on the light shielding layer 5, and the utilization rate of light energy cannot reach a better state.
  • the sub-pixel 4 partially covers the edge of the reflective nanograting 6.
  • the display panel 2 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 4 distributed in an array, a light-shielding layer 5 is arranged around each sub-pixel 4, and each sub-pixel 4 is partially covered on the edge of the reflective nanograting 6 on the adjacent light-shielding layer 5. .
  • a light-shielding layer 5 is first formed on the first substrate 7.
  • the light-shielding layer 5 is provided with an opening area and a non-aperture area.
  • the opening area exposes the first substrate 7, and then the light-shielding layer 5
  • the non-opening area of ⁇ 2 forms the reflective nanograting 6 and then the sub-pixel 4 is formed in the opening area of the light shielding layer 5.
  • the sub-pixel 4 overlaps the edge of the reflective nano-grating 6.
  • the upper polarizing unit 10 and the reflective nano-grating 6 are perpendicular to the display panel.
  • the overlap of the projections in the 2 directions ensures that part of the polarized light that has been electrically modulated by the liquid crystal layer 9 is directed to the upward polarizing unit 10 for normal display, and the other part is directed to the reflective nanograting 6 to be reflected back and reused and directed to the upward polarizing unit
  • the polarized light at the superposition position of 10 and the reflective nanograting 6 will still be reflected back by the reflective nanograting 6, avoiding the partial polarization of light passing between the upper polarizing unit 10 and the reflective nanograting 6 to generate stray light and affect the display
  • the angle between the transmission axis of the upper polarization unit 10 and the transmission axis of the reflective nanograting 6 is greater than 0°.
  • the reflective nanograting 6 is used to reflect the polarized light that is electrically adjusted by the liquid crystal layer 9 and directed to the reflective nanograting 6, and the upper polarizing unit 10 is allowed to be electrically adjusted by the liquid crystal layer 9 to emit upwardly polarized light The polarized light of the unit 10 is transmitted. Since the polarization direction of the polarized light incident on the upward polarizing unit 10 and the polarized light incident on the reflective nanograting 6 are the same, the transmission axis of the upper polarizing unit 10 is the same as that of the reflective nanograting 6.
  • the included angle of the optical axis is greater than 0°, which prevents the transmission axis of the upper polarization unit 10 from being parallel to the transmission axis of the reflective nanograting 6 and ensures the polarization effect of the upper polarization unit 10 and the reflection effect of the reflective nanograting 6.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a display device 1.
  • the difference from the above embodiment is that the grating direction of the reflective nanograting 6 and the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted to the reflective nanograting 6 in the display panel 2 are parallel to each other (ie The transmission axis of the reflective nanograting 6 and the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted to the reflective nanograting 6 in the display panel 2 are perpendicular to each other).
  • the grating direction of the reflective nano-grating 6 is the same as that of the reflective nano-grating 6
  • the polarization directions of the polarized light are parallel to each other, which can improve the reflection effect and achieve high reflectivity, thereby further improving the light energy utilization rate of the display device 1.
  • the transmission axis of the reflective nanograting 6 and the transmission axis of the upper polarizing unit 10 are perpendicular to each other, that is, the transmission axis of the upper polarizing unit 10 and the polarization direction of the polarized light directed to the reflective nanograting 6 Parallel to each other, it is ensured that the polarized light incident on the upward polarizing unit 10 has high transmittance when passing through the upper polarizing unit 10. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the polarized light incident on the upward polarizing unit 10 has high transmittance and is directed toward the reflective type.
  • the polarized light of the nanograting 6 has a high reflectivity, which not only achieves a better polarization effect, but also a better light reflection effect, and improves the light energy utilization rate on the basis of ensuring the display effect of the display device 1.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a display device 1.
  • the upper polarizing unit 10 includes a transmissive nano-grating; the grating direction of the transmissive nano-grating is the same as that of the inside of the display panel 2.
  • the polarization directions of the polarized light of the reflective nanograting 6 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the lower polarizing unit 11 may be an ordinary polarizer, or a nano-grating structure, and may be the same nano-grating structure as the grating structure of the upper polarizing unit 10.
  • the transmission axis of the upper polarizing unit 10 and the lower polarizing unit 10 The transmission axes of 11 are perpendicular to each other to ensure a good polarization effect.
  • the nano-grating structure since the nano-grating structure has the characteristic of efficiently selectively transmitting TM-polarized light components and reflecting off TE-polarized light components, a transmissive nano-grating is used as the upper polarization unit 10, which can improve the polarization
  • the transmittance at the polarizing unit 10 improves the light energy utilization rate of the display device 1.
  • the grating period, grating duty ratio, and grating height of the reflective nanograting 6 and the transmissive nanograting are the same.
  • the transmission axes of the reflective nanograting 6 and the transmissive nanograting are perpendicular to each other, that is, the grating directions of the reflective nanograting 6 and the transmissive nanograting are perpendicular to each other.
  • the grating direction of the reflective nanograting 6 is the horizontal direction.
  • the grating direction of the transmissive nano-grating is the vertical direction.
  • the upper polarizing unit 10 and the reflective nano-grating 6 have the same grating structure. Therefore, the two can be manufactured using the same manufacturing process, which improves production efficiency and helps save production costs.

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Abstract

一种显示装置（1），包括显示面板（2）和背光模组（3）；显示面板（2）包括子像素（4）和围绕子像素（4）设置的遮光层（5），遮光层（5）靠近背光模组（3）的一侧设有反射型纳米光栅（6）；背光模组（3）向显示面板（2）提供的背光源在显示面板（2）内被转换为偏振光；反射型纳米光栅（6）用于将射向反射型纳米光栅（6）的至少部分偏振光反射回背光模组（3），并循环再利用。

Description

显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示面板技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示装置。
 背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息，而不必然地构成现有技术。
目前，液晶显示器由背光模组和液晶盒两部分组成。其中背光模组包括背光源、导光板、扩散片等，液晶盒包括下偏光片、彩色滤光片、液晶、TFT（Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管）玻璃、上偏光片等组成。背光源向液晶盒发出的光经过各层介质吸收或反射后，光能损耗达到95%，光能损失严重。材料吸收导致的光能损失比较严重。其中彩膜基板侧作为遮光的BM（Black Matrix，黑色矩阵）层也会导致大部分光能被吸收。
 技术问题
本申请提供一种显示装置，通过在遮光层上设置具有反光作用的反射型纳米光栅，解决了显示面板中的遮光层吸收大部分光能导致显示装置的光能损失严重的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述问题，本申请提供的技术方案如下：
本申请提供一种显示装置，包括显示面板和位于所述显示面板一侧的背光模组；所述显示面板包括子像素和围绕所述子像素设置的遮光层，所述遮光层靠近所述背光模组的一侧设有反射型纳米光栅；
所述背光模组向所述显示面板提供的背光源在所述显示面板内被转换为偏振光；所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角小于90°，以将射向所述反射型纳米光栅的至少部分偏振光反射回所述背光模组，且所述背光模组将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向互相平行。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述遮光层在垂直于所述显示面板方向上的投影面积等于所述反射型纳米光栅在垂直于所述显示面板方向上的投影面积。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述显示面板还包括与所述子像素对应设置的上偏光单元；所述上偏光单元的透光轴与所述反射型纳米光栅的透光轴的夹角大于0°。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述反射型纳米光栅的透光轴与所述上偏光单元的透光轴互相垂直。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述上偏光单元包括透射型纳米光栅；所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述透射型纳米光栅和所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述反射型纳米光栅与所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅周期、光栅占空比和光栅高度相同。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述子像素部分覆盖在所述反射型纳米光栅的边缘上。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述显示面板还包括第一基板和第二基板，所述子像素和所述遮光层位于所述第一基板上；所述上偏光单元设置在所述子像素靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述背光模组设置在所述第二基板远离所述第一基板的一侧。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述显示面板还包括下偏光单元，所述下偏光单元和所述上偏光单元的透光轴互相垂直；所述下偏光单元设置在所述第二基板远离所述第一基板的一侧，且所述背光模组位于所述下偏光单元远离所述第二基板的一侧。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述显示面板还包括保护层、TFT阵列层以及位于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间的液晶层；所述子像素和所述遮光层位于所述第一基板和所述液晶层之间，所述保护层覆盖在所述子像素、所述遮光层和所述反射型纳米光栅上，所述TFT阵列层位于所述第二基板靠近所述液晶层的一侧。
本申请实施例还提供一种显示装置，包括显示面板和位于所述显示面板一侧的背光模组；所述显示面板包括子像素和围绕所述子像素设置的遮光层，所述遮光层靠近所述背光模组的一侧设有反射型纳米光栅；
所述背光模组向所述显示面板提供的背光源在所述显示面板内被转换为偏振光；所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向相互平行，以将射向所述反射型纳米光栅的至少部分偏振光反射回所述背光模组，且所述背光模组将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述显示面板还包括与所述子像素对应设置的上偏光单元；所述上偏光单元的透光轴与所述反射型纳米光栅的透光轴互相垂直。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述上偏光单元包括透射型纳米光栅；所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向互相垂直。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述反射型纳米光栅与所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅周期、光栅占空比和光栅高度相同。
在本申请实施例所提供的显示装置中，所述显示面板还包括第一基板、第二基板和下偏光单元；所述子像素和所述遮光层位于所述第一基板靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述上偏光单元设置在所述子像素靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述下偏光单元和所述上偏光单元的透光轴互相垂直，且所述下偏光单元设置在所述第二基板远离所述第一基板的一侧；所述背光模组位于所述下偏光单元远离所述第二基板的一侧。
 有益效果
本申请的有益效果为：本申请在显示面板的遮光层上设置了具有反光作用的反射型纳米光栅，可以将显示面板内射向反射型纳米光栅的至少部分偏振光反射回背光模组，且背光模组将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用，避免了这部分偏振光被遮光层吸收，提高了显示装置的光能利用率。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种显示装置的部分结构示意图；
图3为一种示例性的亚波长光栅结构透光和反射光的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种显示装置的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
这里所公开的具体结构和功能细节仅仅是代表性的，并且是用来描述本申请的示例性实施例的目的。但是本申请可以通过许多替换形式来具体实现，并且不应当被解释成仅仅受限于这里所阐述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用来描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。另外，术语“包括”及其任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
这里所使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例而不意图限制示例性实施例。除非上下文明确地另有所指，否则这里所使用的单数形式“一个”、“一项”还意图包括复数。还应当理解的是，这里所使用的术语“包括”和/或“包含”规定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、单元和/或组件的存在，而不排除存在或添加一个或更多其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、单元、组件和/或其组合。
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步说明。
如图1和图2所示，本申请实施例提供了一种显示装置1，包括显示面板2和位于显示面板2一侧的背光模组3；显示面板2包括子像素4和围绕子像素4设置的遮光层5，遮光层5靠近背光模组3的一侧设有反射型纳米光栅6；背光模组3向显示面板2提供的背光源在显示面板2内被转换为偏振光；反射型纳米光栅6的光栅方向与射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角小于90°，以将射向反射型纳米光栅6的至少部分偏振光反射回背光模组3，且背光模组3将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用。
具体的，反射型纳米光栅6为亚波长光栅结构，所谓亚波长光栅是指光栅周期远小于入射光波长的光栅，如图3所示，亚波长光栅结构对于横向磁场(Transverse Magnetic，TM)和横向电场(Transverse Electric，TE)态光场具有很高的消光比，能够显著地透过垂直于金属线（光栅）排列方向的TM偏振光（即p 光）而反射平行于金属线排列方向的TE偏振光（即s 光），使得亚波长光栅结构可以作为具有高反射率的反射结构使用；反射型纳米光栅6的材料包括金属。
具体的，子像素4包括红色子像素、绿色子像素和蓝色子像素；遮光层5包括BM层。
具体的，显示面板2还包括相对设置的第一基板7和第二基板8，设置在第一基板7和第二基板8之间的液晶层9，与子像素4对应设置的上偏光单元10，下偏光单元11，保护层12和TFT（Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管）阵列层13；其中，子像素4和遮光层5位于第一基板7靠近液晶层9的一侧，保护层12覆盖在子像素4、遮光层5和反射型纳米光栅6上，上偏光单元10位于保护层12上，TFT阵列层13位于第二基板8靠近液晶层9的一侧，下偏光单元11位于第二基板8远离第一基板7的一侧，背光模组3位于下偏光单元11远离第二基板8的一侧，上偏光单元10和下偏光单元11的透光轴相互垂直。需要说明的是，将下偏光单元11设置在第二基板8远离第一基板7侧，下偏光单元11可以将未透过的光源反射回背光模组3重新再利用，从而提高了显示装置1的光能利用率。当然，上偏光单元10还可以设置在第一基板7远离液晶层9的一侧，下偏光单元11还可以设置在第二基板8远离背光模组3的一侧，此处不做限制。
具体的，第一基板7为彩膜基板的衬底基板，对应的第二基板8为阵列基板的衬底基板，当然，本申请的反射型纳米光栅6还可以应用在COA（CF on Array，彩色滤光片贴附于阵列基板侧）型显示面板2的遮光层5上。
具体的，背光模组3向显示面板2提供的背光源经第二基板8上的下偏光单元11转换为具有第一偏振方向的偏振光，第一偏振方向的偏振光从第二基板8侧进入液晶层9，并被液晶层9电调制，经电调制后的偏振光偏振方向为第二偏振方向（第一偏振方向与第二偏振方向垂直），第二偏振方向的偏振光射向第一基板7侧的上偏光单元10和遮光层5上的反射型纳米光栅6，本申请实施例中所提到的显示面板2内射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光均是指经过液晶层9电调节后的具有第二偏振方向的偏振光；上偏光单元10用于将电调制后的偏振光解析，以形成明暗对比，从而产生显示画面，故穿过上偏光单元10的透射光将射向对应的子像素4，产生有颜色的显示画面；射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光至少部分被反射，反射的偏振光依次穿过液晶层9和下偏光单元11后射向背光模组3，背光模组3将反射回的偏振光消偏后，通过背光模组3中的反射层反射回第二基板8侧的下偏光单元11，从而再次进入显示面板2被利用。
本实施例中，在显示面板2的遮光层5上设置了具有反光作用的反射型纳米光栅6，可以将显示面板2内射向反射型纳米光栅6的至少部分偏振光反射回背光模组3，且背光模组3将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用，避免了这部分偏振光被遮光层5吸收，提高了显示装置1的光能利用率。
在一实施例中，遮光层5在垂直于显示面板2方向上的投影面积等于反射型纳米光栅6在垂直于显示面板2方向上的投影面积。也就是说，遮光层5的边缘与反射型纳米光栅6的边缘的大小和形状完全相同。
本实施例中，射向遮光层5方向的偏振光可以全部射到遮光层5上的反射型纳米光栅6上，并经反射型纳米光栅6反射回背光模组3再利用，避免了部分射向遮光层5方向的偏振光直接射到遮光层5上被吸收，从而增大了光能利用率。当然，遮光层5在垂直于显示面板2方向上的投影面积还可以大于反射型纳米光栅6在垂直于显示面板2方向上的投影面积，但会导致部分射向遮光层5方向的偏振光直接射到遮光层5上被吸收，光能利用率无法达到较佳状态。
在一实施例中，子像素4部分覆盖在反射型纳米光栅6的边缘上。
具体的，显示面板2包括多个呈阵列分布的子像素4，遮光层5围绕每个子像素4设置，每个子像素4部分覆盖在相邻的遮光层5上的反射型纳米光栅6的边缘上。
具体的，显示面板2制备的时候，先在第一基板7上形成遮光层5，其中，遮光层5设有开口区和非开口区，开口区裸露出第一基板7，然后在遮光层5的非开口区形成反射型纳米光栅6，然后在遮光层5的开口区形成子像素4。
本实施例中，子像素4与反射型纳米光栅6的边缘部分重叠，当每个子像素4分别设有对应的上偏光单元10时，上偏光单元10与反射型纳米光栅6在垂直于显示面板2方向上的投影重叠，保证了经液晶层9电调制后的偏振光一部分射向上偏光单元10用于正常显示，另一部分射向反射型纳米光栅6被反射回重新再利用，射向上偏光单元10与反射型纳米光栅6的叠加位置的偏振光仍然会被反射型纳米光栅6反射回，避免了部分偏振光从上偏光单元10与反射型纳米光栅6之间透过产生杂光而影响显示面板2的显示效果；另外，子像素4与反射型纳米光栅6的边缘部分重叠，保证了子像素4与遮光层5在垂直于显示面板2的方向上部分叠加，保证了遮光效果。
在一实施例中，上偏光单元10的透光轴与反射型纳米光栅6的透光轴的夹角大于0°。本实施例中，反射型纳米光栅6用于反射经液晶层9电调节后且射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光，而上偏光单元10则允许经液晶层9电调节后且射向上偏光单元10的偏振光透过，由于射向上偏光单元10的偏振光和射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向相同，故上偏光单元10的透光轴与反射型纳米光栅6的透光轴的夹角大于0°，避免了上偏光单元10的透光轴与反射型纳米光栅6的透光轴平行，保证了上偏光单元10的偏光效果和反射型纳米光栅6的反射效果。
本申请实施例还提供了一种显示装置1，与上述实施例不同的在于，反射型纳米光栅6的光栅方向与显示面板2内射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向互相平行（即反射型纳米光栅6的透光轴与显示面板2内射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直）。
本实施例中，由于纳米光栅结构具有高效的选择性透过TM 偏振的光分量，而反射掉TE偏振的光分量的特性，故反射型纳米光栅6的光栅方向与射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向互相平行可以提高反射效果，实现高反射率，从而进一步提高显示装置1的光能利用率。
在一实施例中，反射型纳米光栅6的透光轴与上偏光单元10的透光轴互相垂直，即上偏光单元10的透光轴与射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向互相平行，保证了射向上偏光单元10的偏振光透过上偏光单元10时具有高透射率，因此，本申请实施例使得射向上偏光单元10的偏振光具有高透射率，且射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光具有高反射率，既实现了较佳的偏光效果，也实现了较佳的反光效果，在保证显示装置1的显示效果的基础上提高了光能利用率。
如图4所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种显示装置1，与上述实施例不同的在于，上偏光单元10包括透射型纳米光栅；透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与显示面板2内射向反射型纳米光栅6的偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直。
具体的，下偏光单元11可以是普通的偏光片，也可以是纳米光栅结构，且可以是和上偏光单元10的光栅结构相同的纳米光栅结构，上偏光单元10的透光轴与下偏光单元11的透光轴相互垂直，保证良好的偏光效果。
本实施例中，由于纳米光栅结构具有高效的选择性透过TM 偏振的光分量，而反射掉TE偏振的光分量的特性，采用透射型纳米光栅作为上偏光单元10，可以提高偏振光在上偏光单元10处的透射率，提高了显示装置1的光能利用率。
在一实施例中，反射型纳米光栅6与透射型纳米光栅（上偏光单元10）的光栅周期、光栅占空比和光栅高度相同。
具体的，反射型纳米光栅6与透射型纳米光栅的透光轴相互垂直，即反射型纳米光栅6与透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向相互垂直，例如反射型纳米光栅6的光栅方向为水平方向，则透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向为垂直方向。
本实施例中，上偏光单元10与反射型纳米光栅6的光栅结构相同，因此，二者可以采用相同的制作工艺制得，提高了生产效率，有利于节约生产成本。
综上所述，虽然本申请已以优选实施例揭露如上，但上述优选实施例并非用以限制本申请，本领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与润饰，因此本申请的保护范围以权利要求界定的范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种显示装置，包括显示面板和位于所述显示面板一侧的背光模组；所述显示面板包括子像素和围绕所述子像素设置的遮光层，所述遮光层靠近所述背光模组的一侧设有反射型纳米光栅；
    所述背光模组向所述显示面板提供的背光源在所述显示面板内被转换为偏振光；所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角小于90°，以将射向所述反射型纳米光栅的至少部分偏振光反射回所述背光模组，且所述背光模组将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向互相平行。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述遮光层在垂直于所述显示面板方向上的投影面积等于所述反射型纳米光栅在垂直于所述显示面板方向上的投影面积。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板还包括与所述子像素对应设置的上偏光单元；所述上偏光单元的透光轴与所述反射型纳米光栅的透光轴的夹角大于0°。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射型纳米光栅的透光轴与所述上偏光单元的透光轴互相垂直。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的显示装置，其中，所述上偏光单元包括透射型纳米光栅；所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述透射型纳米光栅和所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向互相垂直。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射型纳米光栅与所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅周期、光栅占空比和光栅高度相同。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述子像素部分覆盖在所述反射型纳米光栅的边缘上。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板还包括第一基板和第二基板，所述子像素和所述遮光层位于所述第一基板靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述上偏光单元设置在所述子像素靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述背光模组设置在所述第二基板远离所述第一基板的一侧。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板还包括下偏光单元，所述下偏光单元和所述上偏光单元的透光轴互相垂直；所述下偏光单元设置在所述第二基板远离所述第一基板的一侧，且所述背光模组位于所述下偏光单元远离所述第二基板的一侧。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板还包括保护层、TFT阵列层以及位于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间的液晶层；所述子像素和所述遮光层位于所述第一基板和所述液晶层之间，所述保护层覆盖在所述子像素、所述遮光层和所述反射型纳米光栅上，所述TFT阵列层位于所述第二基板靠近所述液晶层的一侧。
  12. 一种显示装置，包括显示面板和位于所述显示面板一侧的背光模组；所述显示面板包括子像素和围绕所述子像素设置的遮光层，所述遮光层靠近所述背光模组的一侧设有反射型纳米光栅；
    所述背光模组向所述显示面板提供的背光源在所述显示面板内被转换为偏振光；所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与射向所述反射型纳米光栅的偏振光的偏振方向相互平行，以将射向所述反射型纳米光栅的至少部分偏振光反射回所述背光模组，且所述背光模组将反射回的偏振光消偏后循环再利用。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板还包括与所述子像素对应设置的上偏光单元；所述上偏光单元的透光轴与所述反射型纳米光栅的透光轴互相垂直。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述上偏光单元包括透射型纳米光栅；所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅方向与所述反射型纳米光栅的光栅方向互相垂直。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述反射型纳米光栅与所述透射型纳米光栅的光栅周期、光栅占空比和光栅高度相同。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板还包括第一基板、第二基板和下偏光单元；所述子像素和所述遮光层位于所述第一基板靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述上偏光单元设置在所述子像素靠近所述第二基板的一侧；所述下偏光单元和所述上偏光单元的透光轴互相垂直，且所述下偏光单元设置在所述第二基板远离所述第一基板的一侧；所述背光模组位于所述下偏光单元远离所述第二基板的一侧。
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