WO2021028539A1

WO2021028539A1 - Top planting system for vegetation of roof surfaces

Info

Publication number: WO2021028539A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/072773
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dirk Kieslich
Original assignee: Dirk Kieslich
Priority date: 2019-08-13
Filing date: 2020-08-13
Publication date: 2021-02-18
Also published as: DE202019004478U1; EP4013922A1; DE202019005098U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a top planting system for the vegetation of preferably inclined roof surfaces (A), consisting of a main body, which follows the geometry (1) and design of a conventional roofing tile and shingle, and a top planting box (3) arranged thereupon, which receives the vegetation base layer.

Description

Attachment planters for greening roof areas

The invention describes a top planting system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces.

Green roofs, currently mainly designed as flat roof systems, generally help to reduce the proportion of CO2 in the air, which is one of the main causes of global warming.

Green plants are able to convert the CO2 present in the air into oxygen and energy (grape sugar) through photosynthesis (oxygen photo synthesis - formation of O2).

This process runs according to the following formula:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 (grape sugar) + 6 O2

Not all plants are equally effective. For example, a 150-year-old beech, 35 m high and with a spreading crown 35 m in diameter, has around 900,000 leaves with a leaf surface of around 1,800 m ² . Under normal vegetation conditions (hours of sunshine, water, etc.), this leaf surface can produce around 21,000 l of oxygen (O2) per day from 28 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 600 l of water (H2O), which is based on an average oxygen consumption of 875 I is sufficient for 24 people per day per person.

While a full-grown beech converts 28 kg of CO2 per day per total leaf area through photosynthesis, i.e. around 15.5 g per day and m ² , with algae it is only 12 g CO2 per m ² per day and with simple mosses (e.g. roof Rotary tooth moss tortula ruralis) only slightly below 10 g CO2 per m ² per day. Against this background, the invention is based on the object, even with customary, covered with tiles or tiles (inclined) roof surfaces to enable a green roof, so as to increase the area available for photosynthesis. According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

With the invention, roof areas that are equipped with the invention can enlarge the green area and thus the effective area of photosynthesis and are thus able to reduce the existing CO2 concentration in the air in addition to the existing vegetation such as forests or green areas. The invention thus makes a not inconsiderable contribution to improving the climate and reducing CO2. After being planted, the invention makes a not inconsiderable contribution to protecting the environment.

For the following effective calculation of the top planting system according to the invention for the greening of preferably inclined roof areas, a planting with relatively undemanding planting (extensive planting, e.g. sudum plants) such as grass or moss and a photosynthetic output of 10 g CO2 per m ² per day is used .

In Germany there are around 17 million single-family and multi-family houses with an average of around 200 m ^{2 of} roof area, which would mean a maximum greening area of 3.4 billion m ² (3,400 km ² ) of roof area, with industrial buildings in this area Calculation are still completely disregarded.

Taking into account all of the above information, the following calculation is made:

1 roof (^ approx. 200 m ² ) x 10 g CO2 / 1T1 ² = 2 kg CO2 per day and roof x (assumed) 250 days of effective vegetation period = 500 kg C0 ₂ degradation per year / roof x 17 million houses = 8,500,000,000 kg C0 ₂ = 8.5 million t CO2, which is absorbed from the ambient air and converted into oxygen.

According to accredited data from laboratory tests, a green area of 1 m ² is also able to absorb about 0.375 kg of CO2 per year or to store it in the biomass produced, which is due to the underlying roof area and the vegetation on it 3.4 billion m ^{2 would} mean a temporary reduction in the free C0 ₂ content in the air of 1. 275 million t CO2.

8.5 million t CO2 conversion through photosynthesis

1.275 million t CO2 temporary storage in produced biomass

9.775 million t CO2 reduction per year

Germany produces around 700 million tons of CO2 through mobility, energy and industry.

According to the calculation given above, the present invention would be able to genetically reduce 1.4% of the amount of CO2 currently produced in Germany.

Currently, environmental damage or climate damage that occurs or has to be eliminated by CO2 is assessed at a cost of € 180 per t CO2.

The present invention would thus also be able to avert environmental damage caused by an increased C0 ₂ concentration in the amount of approximately 1.76 billion euros per year in Germany alone.

In addition to the described C0 ₂ -reducing effect, an application fertilizing the top planting system according to the invention for greening before given sloping roof surfaces still have other significant advantages.

T emperaturmanagement: The invention offers one of the most effective ways to reduce the air temperature in the urban environment, especially in large urban areas. During the summer, temperatures in cities are around 5 to 7 ° C higher than in rural areas. On a traditional roof, for example, the temperature can be up to 40 ° C higher than on a green roof. According to studies carried out by the Tyndall Center for Climate Change, at least 10% more green spaces are required in cities in order to reduce the heating effect.

Nature conservation and biodiversity / additional natural habitat: If the spread of urban life continues to increase, one of the main requirements in municipalities is to ensure biodiversity in nature. Green roofs offer additional living space for various plant and animal species as well as livestock such as bees and humps and can thus help restore the ecological balance that has been disturbed by urbanization. Green roofs thus serve as mitigation measures, replacement living spaces and stepping stone biotopes and have their fixed and proven place in the intervention compensation scheme.

Reactive water management: A great advantage of green roofs is the reduction and delay in rainwater runoff. In summer this leads to a decrease in the amount of water to be discharged by up to 90%, which would otherwise flow directly into the sewer system. Green roofs help z. B. to limit the costs of rainwater retention basins or similar water management measures. The retention capacity and also the time delay reduce the risk of flooding. Depending on the type of greenery, 40-99% of the annual precipitation is retained in the layer structure, most of it evaporates. Rainwater purification: through natural bio-filtration, green roofs reduce water pollution by pollutants. 95% of the lead, copper and cadmium sulfide pollution and 19% of the zinc from rainwater remain in the growth mat, which helps improve the local water quality. (Köhler & Schmidt Research (1990)).

Clean air / filtration: A green roof serves as a green lung to clean the air. The plants on the green roofs can bind fine dust, smog, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds from the local atmosphere and thus have a positive effect on the quality of the air and the health of the residents. Researchers estimate that 1 m ^{2 of} green roof filters around 0.2 kg of suspended particles from the air per year. Air pollutants and fine dust are filtered out of the air by the plants.

Thermal insulation / energy cost savings: The green roof insulates as additional thermal insulation in winter and serves as heat protection in summer. As a natural air conditioning system, it contributes to energy savings. The evaporation of the stored water also provides cooling and air humidification.

Roof protection: The green roof offers additional protection against weather influences and temperature differences in the roof. The green structure protects the roof waterproofing from wind, hail and extreme temperatures. The service life of the roof waterproofing and the roof tiles or roof tiles can be doubled. Maintenance and renovation work therefore only has to be carried out at a later point in time.

Soundproofing: The green roof leads to increased soundproofing through good sound absorption by the vegetation. Airborne sound insulation and reduced sound reflection are due to the mass of the greenery and the plant structure. Funding: Depending on the region, there is funding from cities, municipalities or states for the construction of green roofs. Green roofs also play an important role in sustainable building, especially when it comes to certification according to the certification system of the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB). The DGNB certification system is used to objectively describe and assess the sustainability of buildings and neighborhoods. The quality is assessed in a comprehensive sense over the entire life cycle of the building. The DGNB certification system can be used internationally.

All these advantages are integrated in the top plant system according to the invention for greening preferably inclined roof areas. In addition to the existing vegetation such as forests or green spaces, the invention can thus increase the effective area of photosynthesis and thus reduce the existing C0 ₂ concentration in the air or is able to reduce increased C0 ₂ values and help at the same time Improve air quality. The invention thus makes a not inconsiderable contribution to improving the climate and reducing CO2.

Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims. According to the invention, the top plant system for greening before given sloping roof surfaces for all common roof tiles and roof tiles forms and designs.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and who will be described in detail below. Show it:

Figure 1 is a view of the top planting system according to the invention for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces;

Figure 2 is a view of a roof tile as a replacement for conventional roof tiles; Figure 3 is a view of the top planting system according to the invention

Greening of preferably inclined roof areas in another embodiment.

In the following implementation example, the invention is shown in application, where Figure 1 shows the view of the top planting system according to the invention for greening roof areas A in its preferred embodiment as an easy-to-assemble and cohesive component for all common roof tile and tile shapes and geometries 1.

The top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A is preferably made of plastic, with UV and weather-resistant plastics such as polypropylene, in particular, being used to ensure a long service life. The attachment plant system can be produced in particular using the plastic injection molding process. However, printing, embossing and thermoforming processes can also be used for Fierstel development.

Furthermore, glass fibers or other mechanically stabilizing additives can also be added to the plastic in order to stabilize the planting system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces A. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces A is made from recycled plastic. In a further embodiment, the top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A can also be made of metals such as aluminum, for example if special aesthetic and mechanical requirements are made or desired.

The top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A consists in its simplest embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, of a top plant box 3, which either receives the vegetation support layer, i.e. the potting soil or the plant granules in which the plant zen can be sown or planted, or a specially made vegetation mat with extensive planting. The top planter 3 has a square shape in plan view. It has dimensions that are less than or equal to the area of a conventional roof tile or a roof tile. The top planter 3 has a bottom which simulates the contour 5 of the roof tile or of the roof tile. On the (upper) side facing away from the roof tile or the roof tile, the box is smooth. On its (lower) side facing the roof tile or the roof tile, the box 3 reproduces the contour of the roof tile or the roof tile on both of its front sides, as does the bottom; the long sides of the box 3 are smooth. The top planter 3 consequently rests precisely on the roof tile or the roof tile.

On the box 3 - not shown - webs are provided which are located on one of the two end faces and which are angled at their end remote from the box 3. As a rule, two bars are provided. Alternatively, instead of the webs, an angled surface can also be provided. The webs or the surface are used to or form the attachment 2 of the box 3 on the respective roof. With the attachment, the top planting system for roof tiles and roof tiles is connected to the roof tile or the roof tile by means of a backing. An additional fastening is created by additional clamping and laying of the roof tile or roof tile above it on the upper contour support surface. For attachment, it is only necessary to lift the tile or the roof tile, which is located adjacent to the end face provided with the webs, and to guide the webs under the tile or the roof tile so that the angled ends or behind the roof tile grasp the roof tile on which the box 3 rests. By lowering the roof tile or the roof tile, the attachment plant box 3 is reliably fastened by clamping on the roof. This form of the top planter 3 thus offers the possibility of simple retrofitting on existing roofs without having to re-cover the roof. A water-permeable but root-inhibiting layer can be provided to protect against root penetration of the plants from the top planter 3, for example through necessary assembly openings or overflow geometries or bores for water. This layer can be designed as a fleece or fabric. The layer can be glued under the bottom of the box 3, for example.

In a modified embodiment, the top planter 3 can also be materially connected to the contour support surface 5, for example by gluing or welding. Furthermore, mechanical connections such as screwing, riveting or caulking, as well as clipping, clamping or jamming, are possible, but by no means absolutely necessary.

The top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A consists in the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1 of a base body, which follows the geometry 1 and design of a conventional roof tile or roof tile, as well as the top plant box 3 integrated thereon, which also either receives the vegetation support layer, i.e. the Potting soil or the planting granulate in which the plants can be sown or planted or a specially made vegetation mat with extensive planting. In this exemplary embodiment, the geometry 1 simultaneously forms the bottom of the top planter 3.

The top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A is produced by the manufacturing process, preferably by plastic injection molding, in a manufacturing process and, in addition to geometry 1, which simulates the roof tile and roof tile contour, and the integrated plant box 3, also simulates the assembly and fixation down angled surface for installation and attachment 2. The attached plant system is consequently designed in one piece as a component. The attachment 2 corresponds to the one with which also conventional roof tiles or roof tiles attached and be assembled. Thus, the top plant system is completely compatible with common roofs, so that the top plant system can be integrated into existing roofs without any problems.

In Figure 2, an embodiment is shown in which the top planter 3 can be retrofitted or can be omitted in the special case. In this embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the roof tile or roof tile made of plastic serves as a replacement for conventional roof coverings and is provided with a facing 4. Colored in preferably light colors, this can contribute to cooling or simply to individual visual enhancement. A veneer in the context of the present invention is also to be understood as meaning an applied paint or lacquer layer or an applied metal layer. Alternatively, the roof tile or roof tile made of plastic can also be completely colored.

The top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A can have overflow geometries and bores to drain off excess water, which divert the water via the conventional roofing system or it can be transferred from a top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A into the respective top plant system below for greening transfer.

In addition to the preferred manufacturing process such as injection molding, there is also the possibility of using rapid prototyping processes for particularly desired designs of the top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas A or for special roof tiles or roof tile geometries. These can produce the component or components in a cost-effective and flexible manner.

The processes that have become known under the term of rapid prototyping since the 1980s are usually primary shaping processes for the workpiece Build up in layers from shapeless or shape-neutral material using physical and / or chemical effects.

All rapid prototyping processes listed below are suitable for producing the components according to the invention:

Process: Material:

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) ABS, Polylactide Laminated Object Modeling (LOM) paper, plastics, ceramics or AI

Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Metals (LENS)

Laser cladding metals waxy thermoplastics, UV

Multi Jet Modeling (MJM) sensitive photopolymers, sand, metal / glass powder, cast polyamide, polyamides

Selective laser melting (SLM) metals, plastics, ceramics

Thermoplastics: polycarbonate, poly

Selective laser sintering (SLS) amides, polyvinyl chloride, metals, ceramics

Space Puzzle Molding (SPM) Plastics Stereolithography (STL or SLA) Liquid Duromers or Elastomers Binder Jetting (3D printing) Powders and granulates

Claims

1. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas (A) consisting of a top plant box (3) which receives the vegetation support layer and which has a bottom that follows the contour of a conventional roof tile or roof tile.

2. Attachment plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A) according to claim 1, characterized in that a base body is seen in front of which the geometry (1) and design of a conventional roof tile or roof tile follows, and the integrated, non-detachable attachment plant box (3), which takes up the vegetation base layer.

3. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A) according to claim 1 or 2 one of the preceding claims, characterized in that downwardly angled webs or a surface for attachment (2) is provided with which the top plant system attaches to the roof structure - and is mountable.

4. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the geometry (1), fastening (2) and top plant box (3) as a component made of plastic, preferably with a UV and weathering and mechanically stable plastic are manufactured using the plastic injection molding process.

5. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component is particularly preferably made of recycled plastic.

6. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A), according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component is also made of metals, for example aluminum.

7. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas

(A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top planter (3) can be retrofitted onto the base body, which follows the geometry and design of a conventional roof tile and tile, and can also be omitted in a further special design.

8. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A), according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that overflow geometries or bores are attached to drain off excess water.

9. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top plant system (A) is produced from rapid prototyping processes.

10. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof areas (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top plant system (A) is painted or otherwise coated.

11. Top plant system for greening preferably inclined roof surfaces (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top plant system (A) is provided with a cover (4).