WO2021027987A1

WO2021027987A1 - Ionisation device and method for ionising a gas

Info

Publication number: WO2021027987A1
Application number: PCT/DE2020/000185
Authority: WO
Inventors: Günter Vogel
Original assignee: Vogel Guenter
Priority date: 2019-08-12
Filing date: 2020-08-12
Publication date: 2021-02-18
Also published as: EP4025832A1; DE102019005630B3; DE112020003837A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for producing an ionised gas, in particular air, for improving combustion processes in a combustion apparatus (17) for fossil fuels, having: a chamber (2) which can be filled with water (3) up to a predefinable water level (3b) and at the bottom (2a) of which the gas can be supplied in a compressed state via a screen element (9), the screen element (9) being arranged such that it is provided below the water level in the chamber (2); at least one negative electrode (6) for forming negative gas ions; and a discharge line (7, 8; 8'), situated on a wall (2b) opposite the screen element (9), for the ionised gas. The device (1) is characterised in that an apparatus (14) for introducing oxygen is provided in the chamber (2) in the region of the screen element (9), and the ionised gas comprises the oxygen. The invention further relates to a method for producing gas ions.

Description

Ionizing device and method for ionizing a gas

The invention relates to a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 11.

Due to the widespread use of incineration devices both for energy generation and in industrial production plants and also in the transport sector, such as in particular when transporting loads and in shipping, there has long been a great interest in reducing combustion processes in terms of pollutant emissions and in reducing those used for energy generation, in particular to use fossil fuels as effectively as possible.

Among other things, admixtures of ionized gases, in particular oxygen, to the combustion air sucked in by the combustion devices or supplied to the sen have been proposed to improve combustion processes in combustion devices. It has been found that the ionized gases can effectively support the combustion process if the gas humidity, in particular air humidity, is increased before the gases, in particular special air, are introduced into the combustion air or the combustion device. The improvement of the combustion is essentially the supply of ionized gases into the combustion air in the form of negative gas ions, in particular special air ions have been assigned.

Accordingly, it has already been proposed in various methods and devices to provide such ions, which are fed to the combustion devices in the supply area of the combustion air. DE 4113484 A1 describes a method for optimizing the combustion mechanism in a combustion device for fossil fuels. The method is characterized in that the main combustion air flow is set to a reproducible moisture content that is higher than the ambient air, and that ionized oxygen is introduced into the main combustion air flow set in this way before it is supplied to the combustion device. Furthermore, the main combustion air flow can be additionally heated during the process. Likewise, the gas flow with the ionized oxygen can be adjusted to a higher moisture content, in particular corresponding to the moisture content of the main combustion air flow.

DE 4407640 Ai also discloses a device for generating ionized air, d. H. ionized atmospheric oxygen and ionized atmospheric nitrogen for the optimization of the combustion mechanism in a combustion device for fossil fuels known. The device has a water-filled bubble chamber to which air is supplied below the water level and which releases the ionized air above the water level. Ionized air is introduced into the combustion air via a line, the bubble chamber being connected on the inlet side to a compressed air connection and on the outlet side to a pressure line. The pressure line is connected directly to the combustion chamber, the pressure line being connected to a supply lance leading directly into the combustion zone. The supply lance is advantageously connected to the negative pole of a DC voltage source.

Another device for generating ionized air, ie ionized atmospheric oxygen for optimizing the combustion mechanism in combustion devices for fuels of all kinds, in particular fossil fuels, is known from DE 10 2017004277 B3. The device contains at least one water-filled Bubble chamber into which compressed air is blown from below and which emits ionized air above the water level, the at least one bubble chamber being connected on the inlet side to a compressed air connection and on the outlet side to a pressure line. The pressure line ends in the combustion air supply or can be directly connected to the combustion chamber, the path of the air bubbles in the water for the application of ions through the use of the upright bubble chamber being designed as a long, upright plastic tube. The compressed air connection on the inlet side has a specially designed aerator with small holes for generating particularly fine air bubbles. A sonotrode, which oscillates with an ultrasonic oscillation generated by an external function generator, is inserted into the bubble chamber. The sonotrode prevents the fine air bubbles from combining to form larger air bubbles. Furthermore, at least one ultrasonic transducer can be attached to an outside of the bubble chamber, which prevents the air bubbles from bursting into one another on the water surface.

Finally, EP 1231434 B1 discloses a method for burning material that is difficult to burn, the material being embedded in a form made of plaster of paris, sand or ceramic and being introduced into a combustion chamber of a burnout furnace. The method comprises the following steps a) the material is burned with the supply of air, b) the air supplied to the combustion chamber of the burnout furnace is ionized and the amount of ionized air supplied to the combustion chamber is controlled by means of an air supply control device and c) the io nized air is blown into the burnout furnace through a heat exchanger. In the method, the air can be ionized by means of an air ionization device before it is fed into the combustion chamber.

The invention is based on the object of further improving combustion processes of combustion devices.

The object is achieved with the features of independent patent claim 1 and independent patent claim 11, which is directed to a method. Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for generating an ionized gas, in particular air for an improvement of United combustion processes in a combustion device for fossil fuels, with a chamber that can be filled with water up to a predeterminable water level, at the bottom of which the gas or . Air can be supplied in a compressed state via a Siebkör by, wherein the screen body is arranged such that it is provided below the water level in the chamber, with at least one negative electrode for the formation of gas ions, in particular air ions and with one on the screen body opposite wall arranged discharge for the ions of the gas, in particular the ions of the air, which form as a result of a gas flow through the water and a flow around the at least one electrode inside and outside the water. The device is characterized in that a device for introducing oxygen is provided in the area of the screen body and that the ionized gas comprises oxygen.

In a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for generating gas ions, in particular air ions, wherein a gas is supplied under a presettable pressure egg nem water reservoir in a chamber in which at least one electrode is provided with a negative voltage, the The pressure of the gas supplied to the water reservoir can be adjusted so that the gas flows through the water reservoir and flows into a discharge pipe for discharge into a combustion device. Compressed oxygen is supplied to the water reservoir and the gas and oxygen are introduced into the water reservoir in the form of gas bubbles. As a result of the gas flowing around the at least one electrode in the water reservoir and / or outside the water reservoir, negative gas ions form in the chamber.

According to the invention, a gas mixture containing negatively charged ions is provided in order to be fed to a combustion device. The composition of the gas mixture can be varied in order to maintain the influence on combustion processes in the combustion device under variable combustion conditions. From the oxygen supplied separately to the chamber, negatively charged oxygen is formed under the influence of the at least one electrode Oxygen ions which, after flowing through the chamber, can be fed to a combustion device via the discharge line.

The invention has the advantage that combustion processes in the combustion device are improved with regard to pollutant emissions.

Further advantages result from the subclaims.

In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device for introducing oxygen is designed for introducing pure oxygen. The discharge is then designed to discharge pure ionized oxygen.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, an ozone generator for introducing ozone is connected to the discharge line for the gas. In this way, the combustion processes in the combustion device can advantageously be influenced.

Furthermore, a sonotrode can be provided inside and / or outside the chamber for coupling in ultrasonic vibrations.

For this purpose, the sonotrode can be provided on an inner and / or outer wall of the chamber. In the context of the invention, however, it is also conceivable to provide the sonotrode in the cavity of the chamber. Advantageously, the sonotrode can then at least partially penetrate both the water-filled zone of the chamber and the cavity in the chamber above it.

In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, a hydrogen generator is provided for introducing hydrogen into the chamber. By adding hydrogen to the gas fed to the combustion device, combustion processes in the combustion device can be further improved with regard to the utilization of the fuels and the reduction of combustion residues. The hydrogen generator is preferably connected to the chamber with a compressor. In this way, introduction pressures can be provided or varied as required in a large pressure range. A filter device is provided on the output side of the compressor in order to prevent impurities from being introduced into the bladder chamber, but at least to reduce it significantly.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device for introducing oxygen is designed as an annular body provided with outlet openings. The ring body is preferably provided between the screen body and the wall opposite this in the chamber.

In the context of the invention, the various gases are preferably supplied in a finely dosed manner. Specifically controllable and adjustable valves are provided for this purpose. The invention also provides for sensitive adjustments of the electrical voltage for the formation of gas ions, in particular oxygen ions.

In the process according to the invention, the water reservoir is preferably supplied with compressed pure oxygen.

The invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments in connexion with accompanying drawings, some of which are simplified and kept in different scales. Of the figures, in which the same parts are marked with the same reference numerals, show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device according to the invention Vorrich,

2 shows a partial section through a device according to the invention,

3 shows a section along the line III-III and

4 shows a plan view of a screen body according to the invention. A device for generating an ionized gas, in particular air, denoted overall by the reference symbol 1, has a cylindrical bubble chamber 2. The bubble chamber 2 is filled with distilled water 3 with a pH value of preferably 7 up to a level 3b. In parallel to an axis 5 of the bubble chamber 2, essentially rod-shaped electrodes 6 are provided in such a way that they at least partially penetrate the bubble chamber 2 in the zone filled with the distilled water and in the zone 4 not filled with the distilled water 3. The electrodes 6 are connected to a negative pole of a DC voltage source 20 (FIG. 2). On a wall 2b of the bladder chamber 2 opposite a bottom 2a, a receptacle 7 is provided which opens into a discharge pipe 8 which can be connected to a combustion air supply of a combustion device 17 shown schematically.

In an area facing the bottom 2a of the bubble chamber 2, a disk-like screen body 9 is provided in the bubble chamber 2, via the compressed air supplied with the aid of a feed line 11 into the water 3 inside the bubble chamber 2 in the form of air bubbles 13 as through Arrows 12 illustrates exits.

To avoid contamination of the distilled water 3 by particles supplied with the air, the screen body 9 is provided with an air filter. The air filter can also be integrated in the screen body 9. Above the disc-like sieve body 9, an annular body 14 is provided, which has outlet openings along its inner wall. In the ring body 14 pure oxygen is injected via a supply line 16, which also exits in the form of bubbles 15 into the water via the outlet openings of the ring body 14.

The supply line 11 for compressed air and the supply line 16 for pure oxygen are each provided with a filter in the inlet area of the compressed air or the compressed oxygen in order to avoid the introduction of dirt particles into the bubble chamber 2, but at least to reduce them significantly. The pressure of both the air supplied to the bubble chamber 2 and the oxygen supplied to the bubble chamber 2 is such that air or oxygen bubbles 13, 15 emerging from the screen body 9 or the ring body 14 resist a static pressure of the water column and so the water 3 through can flow and rise to the upper wall 2b of the bubble chamber 2. The bubbles 13, 15 can then leave the bubble chamber 2 through the suction port 7 sen.

It is assumed that the bubbles 13, 15 in the zone 4 above the water 3 in the bubble chamber 2 under the influence of the negatively charged electrodes 6 on the distilled water 3 and electrolysis reactions and with the release of negatively charged ions, essentially oxygen - and nitrogen ions, burst.

The negative gas ions then flow into the discharge pipe 8 due to the set pressure conditions via the receiving connector 7 and via this directly or with the interposition of a mixing chamber 18 for mixing with other gases into the combustion device 17. The mixing chamber 18 is via a bypass valve 19 and discharge pipes 8 , 8 'can be connected to the combustion device 17 and the device 1.

A device according to the invention is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 explained in detail below. Four essentially rod-shaped electrodes 6 connected to a DC voltage source 20 are introduced into the bubble chamber 2. The electrodes 6 introduced from the bottom 2a of the bubble chamber 2 end above the ring body 14 for introducing oxygen into the bubble chamber 2. The electrodes 6 can be made of copper or graphite. The copper electrodes 6 are more preferably chrome-plated or silver-plated. With graphite electrodes 6 or chrome-plated electrodes, patina degeneration is prevented or at least significantly reduced. Thus, they differ from all other elements or lining materials located inside the bladder chamber 2, all of which are made of plastic or are provided with a plastic coating. With the help of the choice of plastic as the material used in the interior of the bubble chamber 2, with the exception of the electrodes 6, the aim is to prevent the air or oxygen ions from releasing their negative charge through contact with an electrically conductive material before they enter the intake port 7 or lose the discharge pipe 8.

A sonotrode 23 is preferably attached to a jacket 22 of the bubble chamber 2, with which the ultrasonic vibration generated by an ultrasonic generator 25 gene on the bubble chamber 2 or the water 3 therein and the gas particles are to be transferred, which experience has shown to lead to an improved United combustion of a combustion device to which the gas ions emitted from the device are fed.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, an ozone generator 26 is connected to the discharge line 8 in the area of the mixing chamber 18. According to the invention, in the mixing chamber 18, the gas stream exiting from the bubble chamber 2 consists of essentially nitrogen ions, oxygen ions and air with ozone from the ozone generator 26 mixed. The pressure of the mixing chamber via the connecting line 27 supplied ozone is at least selected so that the ozone can enter the mixing chamber 18 through the connecting line 27 and after mixing with the gases supplied from the bubble chamber 2 of essentially nitrogen and oxygen the discharge pipe 8 can be fed to the combustion device 17.

In addition, the amount of ozone can be varied in order to achieve a different composition of the gases mixed with one another in the mixing chamber 18 and to change or set the combustion conditions after the mixed gases have been fed into the combustion device 17. In the embodiment of the device according to the invention as shown in FIG. 2, ozone-resistant materials must be selected in the interior of both the bubble chamber 2 and the supply and discharge lines. Appropriate plastics are preferably used here.

The invention also provides for hydrogen generated in a hydrogen generator 28 (FIG. 2) to be mixed with ambient air in a compressor 29 and fed to the bubble chamber 2 via a supply line 30. The supply line 30 ends below the water level 4 in the bubble chamber 2 in the area of the sieve body 9 and the ring body 14. To avoid the introduction of contaminants such as dirt particles and the like, a feeder is provided on the output side of the compressor 29 in the supply device 30. It has been found to be advantageous to introduce the air into the bubble chamber 2 via a screen body 9 according to FIG. 4 designed in the manner of an aerator.

Preferably, instead of or in addition to the sonotrode 23 shown in Fig. 2 on the lateral surface 22 of the bubble chamber 2, a rod-shaped, parallel to the electrodes 6 arranged sonotrode 33 is used, with which the ultrasonic generator gate 25 vibrations in the ultrasonic range on the in the bubble chamber 2 contained NEN gases and the water 3 are transferred. It goes without saying that within the scope of the invention to adjust the gas flows in the bubble chamber 2 instead of or in addition to the supply of compressed gases or air pump devices can be used, which the air or gases such as oxygen, hydrogen and / or Suck in ozone and thus cause a corresponding gas flow.

Claims

1. Device (l) for generating an ionized gas, in particular air for improving combustion processes in a combustion device (17) for fossil fuels, with a chamber (2) which can be filled with water (3) up to a predeterminable water level (3b) , at the bottom (2a) the gas can be fed in a compressed state via a sieve body (9), the sieve body (9) being arranged in such a way that it is provided below the water level in the chamber (2), with at least one negative electrode (6) for the formation of negative gas ions and with a discharge line (7, 8; 8 ') for the ionized gas which is arranged on a wall (2b) opposite the screen body (9), characterized in that a device (14) for introducing of oxygen in the area of the Siebkör pers (9) is provided in the chamber (2) and that the ionized gas comprises the oxygen.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (14) for introducing oxygen is designed for introducing pure oxygen.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that an ozone generator (26) for introducing ozone is connected to the discharge line (8, 8 ‘) for the gas.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a sonotrode (23) is provided outside the chamber (2) for coupling in ultrasonic vibrations.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a sonotrode (33) is provided within the chamber (2) for coupling in ultrasonic vibrations.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the sonotrode (23, 33) is provided on a wall (22) of the chamber (2).

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a hydrogen generator (28) is provided for introducing hydrogen into the chamber (2).

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the hydrogen generator (28) is connected to a compressor (29) with the chamber (2).

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the device for introducing oxygen is designed as an annular body (14) provided with outlet openings.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the annular body (14) is provided between the screen body (9) and the wall (2b) opposite this in the chamber (2).

11. A method for generating gas ions, in particular air ions, wherein a gas is fed to a water reservoir (3) under a presettable pressure, in which at least one electrode (6) to which a negative voltage is applied is seen, the pressure of the water reservoir ( 3) supplied gas can be adjusted so that the gas flows through the water reservoir (3) and flows into a discharge pipe (8, 8 ') for discharge into a combustion device (17), the water reservoir (3) being supplied with compressed oxygen and wherein the gas and the oxygen in the form of gas bubbles (13, 15) are passed into the water reservoir (3), from which, as a result of a gas flow around the at least one electrode (6) inside and / or outside the water reservoir (3) form negative ga sions.