WO2021027366A1 - 一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027366A1
WO2021027366A1 PCT/CN2020/093606 CN2020093606W WO2021027366A1 WO 2021027366 A1 WO2021027366 A1 WO 2021027366A1 CN 2020093606 W CN2020093606 W CN 2020093606W WO 2021027366 A1 WO2021027366 A1 WO 2021027366A1
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Prior art keywords
infrared image
state
defect
infrared
photovoltaic
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PCT/CN2020/093606
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪建强
万松
张彦忠
高拥兵
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to AU2020331453A priority Critical patent/AU2020331453A1/en
Priority to EP20851602.1A priority patent/EP4009517B1/en
Publication of WO2021027366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027366A1/zh
Priority to US17/669,724 priority patent/US20220166377A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H02S50/15—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells using optical means, e.g. using electroluminescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/20—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10032—Satellite or aerial image; Remote sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10048—Infrared image
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a method, device and system for cell detection of photovoltaic power stations.
  • Solar photovoltaic power generation technology is a low-carbon, environmentally friendly and green energy technology. This technology uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy.
  • the photovoltaic panels are mainly composed of multiple cells. Photovoltaic panels may have defects in some cells due to collisions and aging. For this reason, it is currently necessary to detect defective cells in photovoltaic panels.
  • Photovoltaic panels convert the irradiated light energy into electrical energy and emit infrared light signals under the drive of the electrical energy.
  • An infrared camera is used to collect the infrared light signal to obtain an infrared image, the infrared image includes the image of each cell in the photovoltaic cell panel, and whether the cell is defective is detected based on the image of the cell.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, and system for cell detection of photovoltaic power stations, which reduce the difficulty and operation and maintenance cost of detecting photovoltaic cells.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • the present application provides a method for detecting cells of a photovoltaic power station.
  • a first infrared image and a second infrared image are acquired, and the first infrared image includes the cells to be tested in a short-circuit state.
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflective environment, and the second infrared image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the cell to be tested working in the first state and the infrared light in the reflective environment of the cell to be tested
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the signal, the first state is a state other than the short-circuit state; the first infrared image and the second infrared image are used to detect whether the battery sheet to be inspected has defects.
  • the second infrared image includes infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery to be detected and the reflection environment of the battery to be detected
  • the infrared light signal corresponds to the infrared image information.
  • the first infrared image and the second infrared image are obtained, and based on the first infrared image and the second infrared image, it is possible to detect whether there are defects in the battery to be tested, so that it is not necessary to use artificial light sources indoors Detect photovoltaic panels, so there is no need to move photovoltaic panels into the room, and there is no need to carry out on-site wiring transformation to power artificial light sources, thereby reducing the difficulty of detecting photovoltaic panels and operation and maintenance costs, and it is convenient for photovoltaic power plants Comprehensive testing.
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the environment included in the second infrared image is removed to obtain the third infrared image; the third infrared image is detected according to the third infrared image and the defect library. It is detected whether the battery sheet has defects, and the defect library includes at least one type of defect and at least one sample image corresponding to each type of defect.
  • the second infrared image includes the brightness of the infrared light signal in the environment and the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the cell to be tested.
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the environment included in the second infrared image is removed, and a third infrared image that eliminates environmental noise is obtained, so that the third infrared image can be used to successfully detect whether the battery to be tested is Flawed.
  • the solar light source can also be used to successfully detect the defects of the solar cells.
  • the battery to be tested is controlled to work in the short-circuit state and the first state, respectively, so that the battery to be tested works in the short-circuit state and does not emit infrared light signals, so that the battery to be tested works in the short-circuit state
  • the first infrared image of the battery to be tested can be obtained in the next step; the battery to be tested emits infrared light signals in the first state, so that the second infrared image can be obtained when the battery to be tested is working in the first state.
  • the defect library further includes a first state corresponding to a target defect, and the target defect is a part of the defect in the defect library.
  • the battery to be detected is controlled to work in the first state corresponding to the target defect, so that whether the battery to be detected has a target defect is detected according to the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • the higher the brightness information of the pixels included in the second infrared image the clearer the infrared image of the battery piece in the second infrared image, the higher the accuracy of detecting the target defect may be, and the target defect corresponds to the first state
  • the brightness information of each pixel in the second infrared image meets the brightness information required for detecting the target defect, so using the second infrared image in the first state corresponding to the target defect can improve the accuracy of detecting the target defect.
  • the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic panel where the cell to be detected is located are connected to the inverter.
  • a control command may be sent to the inverter, and the control command carries a first instruction, and the first instruction is used to instruct the inverter to short-circuit the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel to make the The cell is working in a short-circuit state.
  • the first state includes an open circuit state.
  • a control command can be sent to the inverter, the control command carries a second instruction, and the second instruction is used to instruct the inverter to disconnect the connection between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel , In order to make the battery to be tested work in an open state.
  • the first state includes an output state.
  • a control command is sent to the inverter, the control command carries the target output power, and the target output power exceeds a preset threshold, so that the inverter controls the output power of the photovoltaic panel to be equal to the target output power, so that the The battery slice is working in the output state.
  • count the number of cells with each type of defect and the number of normal cells in the photovoltaic panel according to the number of cells with each type of defect, the weight corresponding to each defect, and the number of normal cells , The weight corresponding to the normal cell and the total number of cells in the photovoltaic panel to obtain the health index of the photovoltaic panel.
  • Obtain the health indicators of the photovoltaic panels which can facilitate maintenance personnel to make decisions on the processing of photovoltaic panels based on the health indicators. For example, determine whether to replace or repair photovoltaic panels.
  • the battery to be tested is controlled to work in the short-circuit state and the first state respectively.
  • the time difference between the start time of the short-circuit state and the start time of the first state does not exceed a preset time threshold. In this way, it is ensured that the intensity of the infrared light signal in the environment in the first infrared image is basically the same as the intensity of the infrared light signal in the environment in the second infrared image, which can improve the detection accuracy.
  • the present application provides a cell detection device of a photovoltaic power station, which is used to implement the first aspect or any one of the optional implementation methods of the first aspect.
  • the device includes a unit for executing the first aspect or any one of the optional implementation methods of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a cell detection device for a photovoltaic power station.
  • the device includes: at least one processor, at least one memory, and at least one transceiver.
  • the at least one processor communicates with the at least one
  • the memory is connected to at least one transceiver; the at least one memory stores one or more programs, the one or more programs are configured to be executed by the at least one processor, and the one or more programs include The instruction of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect is executed.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium with instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium, which when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the first aspect or any optional implementation of the first aspect Way way.
  • the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the foregoing first aspect or any optional implementation method of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a cell detection system for a photovoltaic power station.
  • the system includes: a control device, an inverter, and an infrared signal collection terminal.
  • the inverter is connected to the battery to be tested; the control device passes through the inverter. And the infrared signal collection terminal to obtain the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • the first infrared image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery sheet to be detected working in the short-circuit state
  • the second infrared image includes the work In the first state, the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery piece to be detected and the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery piece to be detected, and the first state is other states except the short circuit state.
  • the control device detects whether there are defects in the battery sheet to be detected.
  • the second infrared image includes infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery to be detected and the reflection environment of the battery to be detected
  • the infrared light signal corresponds to the infrared image information.
  • the first infrared image and the second infrared image are obtained, and based on the first infrared image and the second infrared image, it is possible to detect whether there are defects in the battery to be tested, so that it is not necessary to use artificial light sources indoors Detecting photovoltaic panels reduces the difficulty and operation and maintenance cost of photovoltaic panels.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for detecting cells of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a panoramic image of a photovoltaic power station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell detection device of a photovoltaic power station provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another cell detection device of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another cell detection device of a photovoltaic power station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photovoltaic power station includes at least one photovoltaic cell panel 1, the positive and negative output ends of each photovoltaic cell panel 1 are connected to an inverter 2, and each photovoltaic cell panel 1 is connected to the grid through the inverter 2.
  • the photovoltaic panel 1 includes at least one string 3. That is, the photovoltaic cell panel 1 may include one string 3 or the photovoltaic cell panel 1 may include multiple strings 3. In the case where the photovoltaic cell panel 1 includes a plurality of strings 3, the plurality of strings 3 may be located in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 in parallel with each other.
  • the string 3 includes a plurality of battery slices 4, and the battery slices 4 are connected in series through two grid lines 5.
  • one of the grid lines 5 is connected to the positive output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the positive output terminal of each cell 4, and the other grid line 5 is connected to the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 Connect with the negative output terminal of each cell 4.
  • Each cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 generates electric energy under the irradiation of light, and transmits the generated electric power to the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 through the grid line 5 connected to it.
  • the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 input the electrical energy generated by each cell 3 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 to the inverter 2, and the inverter 2 inputs the electrical energy to the grid.
  • the inverter 2 can control the output power of the photovoltaic panel 1 and can control the output power of the photovoltaic panel 1 to change from 0 to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel 1.
  • the inverter 2 can also control the cells 4 in the photovoltaic panel 1 to work in different working states.
  • the working state includes at least one of an open circuit state, a short circuit state, or an output state. That is, the inverter 1 can control the cell 4 in the photovoltaic panel 1 to work in an open circuit state, a short circuit state or an output state.
  • the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 does not exceed a preset threshold.
  • the output power of the photovoltaic panel 1 is 0, but sometimes the output power of the photovoltaic panel 1 may be greater than 0, but The output power is very small and does not exceed the preset threshold.
  • the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 exceeds a preset threshold.
  • the inverter 1 can be disconnected from the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic cell panel 1, so that the cells 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 work in an open circuit state.
  • the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 are also disconnected, and the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 are disconnected.
  • the output voltage during the period is the largest, and the output current of the photovoltaic panel 1 does not exceed the preset current threshold. Normally, the output current of the photovoltaic panel 1 is 0, but sometimes the output current of the photovoltaic panel 1 may be greater than 0, but the output current is small and does not exceed the preset current threshold.
  • the inverter 1 short-circuits the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic cell panel 1, so that the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 works in a short-circuit state.
  • the output voltage between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 does not exceed the preset voltage threshold, and the output current of the photovoltaic panel 1 is the largest .
  • the output voltage between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 is 0, but sometimes the output voltage between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel 1 may be greater than 0, but the output voltage It is smaller and does not exceed the preset voltage threshold.
  • the inverter 1 can control the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 to be greater than a preset threshold to control the photovoltaic cell panel 1 to work in an output state.
  • the output power of the photovoltaic panel 1 is equal to the product of the output current of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the output voltage.
  • the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 does not exceed the preset threshold.
  • the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 does not exceed the preset threshold.
  • the cell 4 included in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 When the output voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is greater than a preset threshold, the cell 4 included in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 generates and emits an infrared light signal. The greater the output voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic cell panel 1, the stronger the intensity of the infrared light signal generated by the cell 4 included in the photovoltaic cell panel 1.
  • the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 when the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 works in a short-circuit state, the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 will not emit infrared light signals.
  • the infrared light signal generated by the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 When the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is working in an open circuit state, the infrared light signal generated by the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 has the highest intensity.
  • the intensity of the infrared light signal generated by the cell 4 in the photovoltaic cell panel 1 is second.
  • the above-mentioned inverter 2 may be a string inverter, a centralized inverter, or a distributed inverter.
  • the above-mentioned photovoltaic power station may be a large-scale commercial ground photovoltaic power station, a rooftop distributed photovoltaic power station, an agricultural light/fish light complementary power station or a water surface floating power station.
  • some cells 4 in the photovoltaic panel 1 may have defects, which can be black shifts, black hearts, broken grids, hidden cracks or fragments. Wait.
  • Black spots refer to irregular black spots on the surface of the cell 4 or the color of the entire cell is darker than other cells.
  • a black heart refers to a circular black block in the center of the cell 4.
  • the broken grid refers to the poor contact between the cell 4 and the grid line.
  • a crack refers to a slight crack in the cell 4. Fragmentation means that the cell 4 is broken.
  • the cell 4 When a defect occurs in the cell 4, the cell 4 needs to be detected.
  • defective cells 4 in the photovoltaic panel 1 can be detected, so that the operation and maintenance personnel of the photovoltaic power station can determine the health of the photovoltaic panel 1 based on the detected cells 4.
  • This application can also conduct a comprehensive inspection of photovoltaic power plants, that is, to detect each cell in each photovoltaic panel 1 in the photovoltaic power station, so that each cell with defects in the photovoltaic power station can be detected, so that the operation and maintenance personnel based on the detection Each cell 4 determines the health of the photovoltaic power station.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a detection system.
  • the detection system also includes a control device 6 and an infrared signal collection terminal 7.
  • the control device 6 can establish a network connection with the inverter 2 and establish a network connection with the infrared signal collection terminal 7.
  • the control device 6 can control the battery slice to be tested to work in a short-circuit state through the inverter 2. When the battery to be tested is working in a short-circuit state, it reflects the infrared light signal in the environment.
  • the control device 6 controls the infrared signal collection terminal 7 to shoot the battery to be detected to obtain a first infrared image.
  • the first infrared image includes infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the environment reflected by the battery to be detected.
  • the control device 6 can then control the battery slice to be detected to work in the first state through the inverter 2, and the first state can be an open circuit state or an output state.
  • the cell to be tested When the cell to be tested is working in the first state, it emits infrared light signals and reflects the infrared light signals in the environment.
  • the control device 6 controls the infrared signal collection terminal 7 to shoot the battery to be detected to obtain a second infrared image.
  • the second infrared image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery to be detected and the infrared light signal in the reflected environment.
  • the external red image information The external red image information.
  • control device 6 may first control the battery slice to be tested to work in the first state through the inverter 2 and obtain the second infrared image through the infrared signal collection terminal 7, and then control the battery slice to be tested to work through the inverter 2 In the short-circuit state, the first infrared image is acquired through the infrared signal collection terminal 7.
  • control device 6 After the control device 6 obtains the first infrared image and the second infrared image, it detects whether there is a defect in the battery sheet to be detected according to the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • the control device 6 controls the detailed process of the battery to be tested in the short-circuit state or the first state through the inverter 2, the detailed process of acquiring the first infrared image or the second infrared image through the infrared signal collection terminal 7, and detects the battery to be tested
  • the detailed process of the slice please refer to the relevant content in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 below, which will not be described in detail here.
  • control device 6 may be a computer or a control center of a photovoltaic power plant.
  • the infrared signal collection terminal 7 may be an aerial photographing device equipped with an infrared camera, for example, an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with an infrared camera, etc.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a cell detection method of a photovoltaic power station, and the method can be applied to the system architecture shown in FIG. 2.
  • the method execution subject may be the control device in the system architecture, including:
  • Step 101 Under sunlight, control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in a short-circuit state.
  • the operation and maintenance personnel of the photovoltaic power station find that there is a problem with one or more photovoltaic panels of the photovoltaic power station, the operation and maintenance personnel need to detect the cells in these photovoltaic panels. At this time, the operation and maintenance personnel can input the identification information of the one or more photovoltaic panels to the control device. Or, when the operation and maintenance personnel of the photovoltaic power station need to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the photovoltaic power station, the operation and maintenance personnel of the photovoltaic power station can input the identification information of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic power station to the control equipment multiple times, and can input one or Identification information of multiple photovoltaic panels.
  • Comprehensive inspection of photovoltaic power plants refers to the inspection of each cell in the photovoltaic power plant.
  • the control device can obtain the input identification information of the photovoltaic panel, and control the photovoltaic panel to work in a short-circuit state according to the identification information of the photovoltaic panel.
  • each cell in the photovoltaic cell panel also works in a short-circuit state.
  • the control device saves a list of solar panels, which is used to save the corresponding relationship between the identification information of the photovoltaic panels and the basic information.
  • Each record in the list of solar panels includes the identification information and the identification information of a photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic power station.
  • the basic information of the photovoltaic panel includes the position of the photovoltaic panel and the identification information of the inverter connected to the photovoltaic panel.
  • the control device After the control device obtains the identification information of the photovoltaic panel, it can obtain the basic information of the photovoltaic panel from the panel list according to the identification information of the photovoltaic panel, and the basic information includes the basic information connected to the photovoltaic panel.
  • the identification information of the inverter establishes a network connection with the inverter, and sends a first control command to the inverter through the network connection, and the first control command includes a first instruction.
  • the inverter receives the first control command, and short-circuits the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic cell panel according to the first instruction included in the first control command, so that the cells in the photovoltaic cell panel work in a short-circuit state.
  • the cells in the photovoltaic cell panel will not emit infrared light signals when working in a short-circuit state, but the cells in the photovoltaic cell panel can reflect the infrared light signals in the environment.
  • the control device can also detect the light intensity of the sunlight.
  • the light intensity of the sunlight exceeds the preset intensity threshold, it starts to perform this step, that is, starts to detect the cells in the photovoltaic power station.
  • the preset intensity threshold can be 200 watts per square meter, 220 watts per square meter, or 240 watts per square meter.
  • the control device may include a sensor for detecting light intensity, and the sensor is used to detect the light intensity of sunlight. Or, the control device can locate itself to obtain its own position, and query the light intensity of sunlight at that position from the network.
  • Step 102 Acquire a first picture, where the first picture includes infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflective environment in the short-circuit state of each cell in the photovoltaic panel.
  • control device can control the infrared signal collection terminal to move above the photovoltaic panel, and when the photovoltaic panel is controlled to work in a short-circuit state, it can control the infrared signal collection terminal to photograph the photovoltaic panel to obtain The first picture taken by the infrared signal collection terminal.
  • the control device Before controlling the infrared signal collection terminal to take pictures of the photovoltaic panel, the control device sends a second control command to the infrared signal acquisition terminal through the network connection when acquiring the basic information of the photovoltaic panel.
  • the second control command includes The location of the photovoltaic panel.
  • the infrared signal collection terminal receives the second control command, moves to the top of the photovoltaic panel according to the position of the photovoltaic panel included in the second control command, and adjusts its own shooting parameters according to the position of the photovoltaic panel.
  • the shooting parameters can be Including the shooting angle and focal length and other parameters, so that the photovoltaic panel can be photographed, and after adjusting the shooting parameters, the preparation completion message is sent to the control device through the network connection.
  • control device When the control device obtains the basic information of the photovoltaic panel, it first sends the first control command to the inverter connected to the photovoltaic panel to control the photovoltaic panel to work in a short-circuit state, and then to the infrared signal collection terminal Send the second control command. In this way, when the preparation completion message sent by the infrared signal collection terminal is received, the infrared signal collection terminal can be controlled to photograph the photovoltaic panel. or,
  • the second control command can be sent to the infrared signal collection terminal first, and when the preparation complete message sent by the infrared signal collection terminal is received, the first control command can be sent to the inverter connected to the photovoltaic panel to control the photovoltaic cell
  • the panel works in a short-circuit state, and then controls the infrared signal collection terminal to take pictures of the photovoltaic panel.
  • control device to control the infrared signal collection terminal to photograph the photovoltaic panel.
  • the control device can send a shooting command to the infrared signal collection terminal through the network connection with the infrared signal collection terminal.
  • the infrared signal collection terminal receives the shooting command, shoots the photovoltaic panel to obtain the first picture, and sends the first picture to the control device through the network connection.
  • the control device receives the first picture.
  • the control device may also save the corresponding relationship between the identification information, the short-circuit state and the first picture of the photovoltaic cell in the picture list.
  • the process of taking the first picture by the infrared signal collection terminal is essentially collecting infrared light signals and forming the first picture based on the collected infrared light signals.
  • the infrared light signal collected by the infrared signal collection terminal includes the infrared light signal in the environment reflected by each cell in the photovoltaic panel, so the first picture includes the infrared light in the environment reflected by each cell in the photovoltaic panel
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the signal is essentially collecting infrared light signals and forming the first picture based on the collected infrared light signals.
  • the infrared light signal collected by the infrared signal collection terminal includes the infrared light signal in the environment reflected by each cell in the photovoltaic panel, so the first picture includes the infrared light in the environment reflected by each cell in the photovoltaic panel
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the signal is essentially collecting infrared light signals and forming the first picture
  • the first picture includes an infrared image of the photovoltaic cell panel, and the infrared image of the photovoltaic cell panel includes an infrared image of each cell in the photovoltaic cell panel.
  • the first picture may also include infrared images or object images of other photovoltaic panels. Since the shooting parameters of the infrared signal collection terminal are adjusted according to the position of the photovoltaic panel, the infrared signal collection terminal can identify the infrared image of the photovoltaic panel in the first picture taken.
  • Step 103 Control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in a first state, the first state being an open circuit state or an output state.
  • the control device When the first state is an open circuit state, the control device sends a first control command to the inverter connected to the photovoltaic panel, and the first control command includes a second instruction.
  • the inverter receives the first control command, and disconnects the connection with the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic panel according to the second instruction included in the first control command, so that the cells in the photovoltaic panel work in an open circuit status. or,
  • the control device determines a target output power greater than a preset threshold, and sends a first control command to the inverter connected to the photovoltaic panel, the first control command including the target output power.
  • the inverter receives the first control command, and controls the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel to be equal to the target output power included in the first control command, so that the cells in the photovoltaic cell panel work in an output state.
  • the cells in the photovoltaic panel When the photovoltaic panel is working in an output state or an open circuit state, the cells in the photovoltaic panel will convert the irradiated sunlight into electrical energy and emit infrared light signals based on the electrical energy.
  • the intensity of the infrared light signal emitted by the cells in the photovoltaic panel is less than the intensity of the infrared light signal emitted by the cells in the photovoltaic panel when the cells in the photovoltaic panel are working in the open circuit state.
  • the intensity of the infrared light signal is less than the intensity of the infrared light signal emitted by the cells in the photovoltaic panel when the cells in the photovoltaic panel are working in the open circuit state.
  • the time difference between the start time of the first state and the start time of the short-circuit state does not exceed a preset time threshold, so as to ensure the infrared light signal in the environment when the cells in the photovoltaic photovoltaic panel work in the short-circuit state
  • the intensity of is basically the same as the intensity of the infrared light signal in the environment when the cells in the photovoltaic panel work in the first state.
  • Step 104 Obtain a second picture.
  • the second picture includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by each cell in the photovoltaic panel working in the first down state and the infrared light corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflective environment Image information.
  • the control device can send a shooting command to the infrared signal collection terminal through the network connection with the infrared signal collection terminal.
  • the infrared signal collection terminal receives the shooting command, shoots the photovoltaic panel to obtain a second picture, and sends the second picture to the control device through the network connection.
  • the control device receives the second picture.
  • control device may also save the identification information of the photovoltaic cell, the corresponding relationship between the first state and the second picture in the picture list.
  • the process of taking the second picture by the infrared signal collection terminal is essentially collecting infrared light signals and forming the second picture based on the collected infrared light signals.
  • the infrared light signal collected by the infrared signal collection terminal includes the infrared light signal emitted by each cell in the photovoltaic panel and the infrared light signal in the reflected environment, so the second picture includes the emission from each cell in the photovoltaic panel
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal and the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflected environment are examples of the images collected.
  • the second picture includes the infrared image of the photovoltaic cell panel, and the infrared image of the photovoltaic cell panel includes the infrared image of each cell in the photovoltaic cell panel.
  • the second picture may also include infrared images or object images of other photovoltaic panels.
  • the infrared signal collection terminal can identify the infrared image of the photovoltaic panel in the second picture taken.
  • the infrared signal collection terminal does not adjust the shooting parameters after adjusting the shooting parameters based on the photovoltaic panel. Therefore, the infrared signal collection terminal uses the shooting parameters to capture the first picture and the second picture, so each pixel in the first picture
  • the point corresponds to a pixel in the second picture.
  • the two pixels correspond to the same physical point in the physical space.
  • the position of the pixel point corresponding to the physical point in the first picture is the same as the position of the pixel point corresponding to the physical point in the second picture. For example, suppose that the physical point corresponds to the pixel point of the i-th row and the jth column in the first picture, and the physical point also corresponds to the pixel point of the i-th row and the jth column in the second picture.
  • control device may first perform steps 101 and 102, and then perform steps 103 and 104, that is, the control device may first control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in a short-circuit state and control the infrared signal collection terminal to capture For the first picture, control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in the first state and control the infrared signal collection terminal to take the second picture. or,
  • control device can also perform steps 103 and 104 first, and then perform steps 101 and 102, that is, the control device can first control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in the first state and control the infrared signal collection terminal The second picture is taken, and then the cells in the photovoltaic panel are controlled to work in a short-circuit state and the infrared signal collection terminal is controlled to take the first picture.
  • the first state can be an open circuit state or an output state.
  • the control device can control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in either of the two first states, or control the photovoltaic panels to work in the open circuit state respectively. And output status. That is to say: the control device can control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in an open circuit state or in an output state and control the infrared signal collection terminal to take a second picture. Alternatively, the control device can control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in the open circuit state and control the infrared signal collection terminal to take the second picture, and then control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in the output state and control the infrared signal collection terminal Take a second picture.
  • control device can control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in the output state and control the infrared signal collection terminal to take the second picture, and then control the cells in the photovoltaic panel to work in an open circuit state and control the infrared signal collection terminal Take a second picture.
  • the control equipment can prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to input the other photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic power station after obtaining the pictures of the photovoltaic panels in each working state.
  • the identification information of the solar panel and then the control device repeats the above steps 101 to 104, obtains pictures of other photovoltaic panels working in each working state, and compares the identification information, working state and working state of other photovoltaic panels
  • the pictures obtained below are correspondingly saved in the picture list.
  • the operation and maintenance personnel enter the identification information of all photovoltaic panels, they can perform the following steps 105 and 106 to detect the cells based on the picture list. or,
  • the control device can also directly perform the following steps 105 and 106 to detect the cells in the photovoltaic panel after acquiring the pictures of the photovoltaic panel in each working state. In this case, after detecting the cells in the photovoltaic panel, the control device prompts the operation and maintenance personnel to enter the identification information of other photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic power station, and execute the above step 101.
  • the control device controls the photovoltaic panel to work in a short-circuit state or an open-circuit state, it will soon control the infrared signal collection terminal to take pictures of the cells in the photovoltaic panel.
  • the control equipment After the shooting, the control equipment will control the cells in the photovoltaic panel.
  • the chip works in the output state, and the photovoltaic panel outputs electric energy to the mains grid through the inverter when working in the output state. Therefore, the time for photovoltaic panels to work in a short-circuit state or an open-circuit state is relatively short, which can minimize the power loss of photovoltaic panels.
  • Step 105 Obtain the first infrared image of the cell to be tested from the first picture and the second infrared image of the cell to be tested from the second picture, the cell to be tested is any cell in the photovoltaic panel .
  • the first picture and the second picture corresponding to the identification information of the same photovoltaic panel can be obtained from the picture list, and then this step is started.
  • the first picture includes the infrared image of the identified photovoltaic panel, and the infrared image of the photovoltaic panel includes the infrared image of each cell in the photovoltaic panel.
  • the second picture includes the marked infrared image of the photovoltaic panel, and the infrared image of the photovoltaic panel includes the infrared image of each cell in the photovoltaic panel.
  • the infrared image position of the battery slice in the first picture and the infrared image position in the second picture are the same.
  • the infrared image of each cell in the photovoltaic panel can be identified from the first picture, and the infrared image of each cell in the photovoltaic panel can be identified from the second picture.
  • the cell is called the cell to be inspected, and the infrared image of the cell to be inspected is extracted from the first picture to obtain the first infrared image.
  • the image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflective environment when the battery piece to be tested works in a short-circuit state. Extract the infrared image of the battery to be tested from the second picture to obtain the second infrared image.
  • the second infrared image includes the infrared image information and the reflected environment corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery to be tested in the first state.
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal for the convenience of description, the cell is called the cell to be inspected, and the infrared image of the cell
  • Step 106 According to the first infrared image and the second infrared image, detect whether there are defects in the battery to be inspected.
  • the pixel point corresponding to the target pixel point in the first infrared image is determined, and the target pixel point is any pixel point in the second infrared image.
  • the brightness information of the target pixel is subtracted from the brightness information of the determined pixel. Perform the same operation as the above target pixel on each other pixel in the second infrared image to obtain a third infrared image.
  • the 1062 Detect whether the battery to be inspected has defects according to the third infrared image and a defect library, the defect library including at least one type of defect and at least one sample image corresponding to each type of defect.
  • each sample image corresponding to the defect is an image of a cell with the defect.
  • At least one cell image with the defect can be collected in advance as a sample image, and the correspondence between the defect and the sample image can be stored in the defect library.
  • At least one sample image corresponding to the defect can be obtained from the defect library when detecting whether the cell to be tested has the defect.
  • the similarity between the third infrared image and each sample image corresponding to the defect is acquired.
  • the similarity with a certain sample image exceeds the preset similarity threshold, it is determined that the battery slice to be tested has the defect.
  • the similarity with each sample image does not exceed the preset similarity threshold, it is determined that the battery slice to be tested does not have the defect.
  • the third infrared image in any of the first states can be used to detect the battery to be inspected.
  • the first state corresponding to the defect is also stored in the defect library, and the third infrared image in the first state corresponding to the defect is used to detect whether the battery to be inspected has the defect, which can improve the detection. The accuracy of whether the defect exists in the cell to be tested.
  • the higher the brightness of each pixel in the third infrared image the higher the accuracy of detecting cracked defects.
  • the intensity of the infrared light signal emitted by the cells in the photovoltaic panel is the strongest, so that the brightness of each pixel in the third infrared image in the open circuit state is the highest. Therefore, the first state corresponding to the cracked defect stored in the defect library is the open state.
  • the cells in the photovoltaic panel are controlled to work on the defect when steps 103 and 104 are executed.
  • the corresponding second image can be obtained from the picture list according to the identification information of the photovoltaic panel and the first state, and the second infrared image of the cell to be detected can be obtained from the second picture, and the first The infrared image eliminates the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the environment in the second infrared image to obtain the third infrared image.
  • the third infrared image and at least one sample image corresponding to the defect in the defect library it is detected whether the battery piece to be inspected has the defect.
  • steps 105 and 106 Repeat the process of steps 105 and 106 to detect whether there are defects in other cells in the photovoltaic panel. After the photovoltaic panel is tested, other photovoltaic panels are tested to achieve a comprehensive test of the cells in the photovoltaic power station.
  • the power of the battery to be tested may be attenuated due to aging and other reasons.
  • the power attenuation degree of the battery to be detected can be predicted based on the third infrared image corresponding to the battery to be detected.
  • the prediction process is: obtaining the corresponding reference brightness from the corresponding relationship between the preset light intensity range and the reference brightness according to the current sunlight intensity.
  • the luminous brightness of the battery to be tested is determined according to the brightness information included in the third infrared image corresponding to the battery to be tested, and the luminous brightness is equal to the brightness of the infrared light signal emitted by the battery to be tested.
  • the brightness difference between the reference brightness and the luminous brightness is obtained, and the percentage between the brightness difference and the reference brightness is obtained, and the percentage is the power attenuation degree of the cell to be tested.
  • the number of cells for each type of defect and the number of normal cells in the photovoltaic panel can be counted, according to the number of cells for each type of defect, the weight corresponding to each type of defect, The number of normal cells, the weight corresponding to the normal cells, and the total number of cells of the photovoltaic panel determine the health index of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the percentage of each type of defect cell is calculated according to the number of cells of each type of defect in the photovoltaic cell panel and the total number of cells in the photovoltaic cell panel.
  • the percentage of normal cells is calculated according to the number of normal cells in the photovoltaic panel and the total number of cells in the photovoltaic panel.
  • the health index of the photovoltaic cell panel is determined by the following first formula. This health indicator can be used by operation and maintenance personnel to make decisions about processing the photovoltaic panel and provide a reference.
  • Q is the health index of the photovoltaic panel
  • P is the percentage of normal cells
  • a is the weight corresponding to normal cells
  • P 1 is the percentage of cells corresponding to the first type of defect
  • a 1 is the first
  • P 2 is the weight corresponding to the second type of defect
  • a 2 is the weight corresponding to the second type of defect
  • P k is the percentage of the cell corresponding to the k-th defect
  • a k is the k-th defect
  • * is a multiplication operation.
  • the control device may include a panoramic image of the photovoltaic power station.
  • the position of the photovoltaic panel is obtained from the panel list.
  • the position of the photovoltaic panel in the The image of the photovoltaic cell panel is determined in the panoramic image, and marking information is displayed in the image of the photovoltaic cell panel, and the marking information is used to mark the defective cell in the photovoltaic cell panel.
  • the marking information may include preset identification information for indicating the presence of defective cells in the photovoltaic panel, the health index of the photovoltaic panel, each type of defect in the photovoltaic panel, and each type of defect in the photovoltaic panel. At least one of the number of cells or the percentage of each defective cell in the photovoltaic panel.
  • the cells to be tested in the photovoltaic panel to be tested are controlled to work in multiple different working states, and the first infrared image and the second infrared image of the cell to be tested are acquired.
  • the first infrared image is an infrared image taken when the battery to be detected is working in a short-circuit state, and includes infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery to be detected.
  • the second infrared image is an infrared image taken when the battery to be tested is working in the first state, including infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery to be tested and infrared image corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflective environment information.
  • the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the environment in the second infrared image is removed to obtain the third infrared image.
  • the third infrared image has eliminated the noise in the environment, and the third infrared image can be used to detect Whether there is a defect in the battery to be detected, so that when the solar light source is used, the battery to be detected can be detected according to the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • marking information can be displayed on the photovoltaic panel images with defective cells in the panoramic image of the photovoltaic power station, so that maintenance personnel can view the defective photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic power station.
  • the health index of the photovoltaic panel is also obtained, so that the maintenance personnel can make processing decisions for the photovoltaic panel based on the health index.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a cell detection device 200 of a photovoltaic power station.
  • the device 200 is deployed in a control device in any of the foregoing embodiments and includes:
  • the acquiring unit 201 is configured to acquire a first infrared image and a second infrared image, the first infrared image includes infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery sheet to be detected working in a short-circuit state, and the first infrared image
  • the second infrared image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery piece to be detected and the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery piece to be detected working in the first state.
  • a state is a state other than the short-circuit state;
  • the detecting unit 202 is configured to detect whether the battery piece to be inspected has defects according to the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • the detection unit 202 is configured to:
  • the defect library including at least one type of defect and at least one sample image corresponding to each type of defect.
  • the device 200 further includes:
  • the control unit 203 is configured to control the battery slices to be tested to work in the short-circuit state and the first state respectively;
  • the defect library further includes a first state corresponding to a target defect, and the target defect is a part of the defect in the defect library;
  • the control unit 203 is configured to control the cell to be detected to work in the first state corresponding to the target defect
  • the detection unit 202 is configured to detect whether the battery piece to be detected has the target defect according to the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic panel where the cell to be detected is located are connected to the inverter;
  • the device 200 further includes:
  • the sending unit 204 is configured to send a control command to the inverter, the control command carries a first instruction, and the first instruction is used to instruct the inverter to make the positive output terminal of the photovoltaic panel and the negative The output terminal is short-circuited, so that the battery piece to be tested works in a short-circuit state.
  • control unit 203 triggers the sending unit 204 when determining to control the battery slice to be detected to work in the short-circuit state, and then the sending unit 204 sends a control command carrying the first instruction to the inverter.
  • the first state includes at least one of an open circuit state or an output state
  • the sending unit 204 is further configured to:
  • the control command carries a second instruction, the second instruction is used to instruct the inverter to disconnect between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the photovoltaic panel , So that the battery to be tested works in an open state; or,
  • control unit 203 determines to control the battery slice to be detected to work in an open circuit state, it triggers the sending unit 204, and then the sending unit 204 sends a control command carrying the second instruction to the inverter.
  • control unit 203 determines to control the battery slice to be detected to work in the output state, it triggers the sending unit 204, and then the sending unit 204 sends a control command carrying the third instruction to the inverter.
  • the obtaining unit 201 is further configured to:
  • control unit 203 is configured to:
  • the cell to be tested is controlled to work in the short-circuit state and the first state respectively.
  • the time difference between the start time of the short-circuit state and the start time of the first state does not exceed a preset time threshold.
  • the acquisition unit acquires the first infrared image and the second infrared image
  • the first infrared image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery sheet to be detected working in a short-circuit state
  • the second infrared image includes the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal emitted by the battery sheet to be detected and the infrared image information corresponding to the infrared light signal in the reflection environment of the battery sheet to be detected working in the first state, and the first state It is a state other than the short-circuit state.
  • the detection unit can detect whether there is a defect in the battery sheet to be detected according to the first infrared image and the second infrared image.
  • the battery can be detected based on the first infrared image and the second infrared image. In this way, there is no need to use artificial light sources to detect photovoltaic panels indoors, which reduces the difficulty and operation and maintenance costs of detecting photovoltaic panels.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cell detection device 300 of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the device 300 includes at least one processor 301, a bus system 302, a memory 303, and at least one transceiver 304.
  • the device 300 is a device with a hardware structure and can be used to implement the functional modules in the device 200 described in FIG. 5 or 6.
  • the acquisition unit 201 and the detection unit 202 in the apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 5 or 6 may be implemented by calling the code in the memory 303 by the at least one processor 301.
  • the control unit 203 in the device 200 shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented by the at least one processor 301 and the transceiver 304.
  • the sending unit 204 in the apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented by the transceiver 304.
  • the device 300 may also be used to implement the function of the transmitting end in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • processor 301 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more control units Apply for integrated circuits for program execution.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the aforementioned bus system 302 may include a path for transferring information between the aforementioned components.
  • the above transceiver 304 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks.
  • the above-mentioned memory 303 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions.
  • the type of dynamic storage device can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical disk storage, optical disc Storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can be used by Any other medium accessed by the computer, but not limited to this.
  • the memory can exist independently and is connected to the processor through a bus.
  • the memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 303 is used to store application program codes for executing the solutions of the present application, and the processor 301 controls the execution.
  • the processor 301 is configured to execute the application program code stored in the memory 303, so as to realize the functions in the method of the present patent.
  • the processor 301 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 7.
  • the apparatus 300 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 301 and the processor 307 in FIG. 7. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (for example, computer program instructions).
  • the apparatus 700 may further include an output device 305 and an input device 306.
  • the output device 305 communicates with the processor 301 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device 305 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or the like.
  • the input device 306 communicates with the processor 301 and can accept user input in a variety of ways.
  • the input device 306 may be a touch screen device or a sensor device or the like.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统，属于通信领域。所述方法包括：获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，所述第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的所述待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和所述待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第一状态是除所述短路状态以外的其他状态；根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。本申请能够降低检测光伏电池板的难度和运维成本。

Description

一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统
本申请要求于2019年8月12日提交的申请号为201910741156.8、发明名称为“一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
太阳能光伏发电技术，是一种低碳、环保、绿色的能源技术。该技术使用光伏电池板将太阳能转换为电能，光伏电池板主要由多个电池片组成。光伏电池板可能因碰撞、老化等情况，使得光伏电池板中的某些电池片存在缺陷。为此目前需要检测出光伏电池板有缺陷的电池片。
目前可以在室内检测电池片，在室内使用外激发光源发射出点光，使用匀光器将该点光整形成面光，并照射在整个光伏电池板上。光伏电池板将照射的光能转换为电能，并在该电能的驱动下发射红外光信号。使用红外相机采集该红外光信号得到红外图像，该红外图像包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片的图像，基于该电池片的图像检测出该电池片是否存在缺陷。
在实现本申请的过程中，发明人发现现有技术至少存在如下问题：
上述只能在室内且用外部激发光源进行检测，外部激发光源照射的面积有限。然而在光伏电站中，往往大面积覆盖光伏电池板，上述方法很难实现对光伏电站的全部光伏电池板进行检测。在检测时需要对现场进行大量地接线改造，才能给外部激发光源供电，以使外部激发光源发光，增加了人工运维成本。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法、装置及系统，降低检测光伏电池板的难度和运维成本。所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法，在所述方法中：获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第一状态是除短路状态以外的其他状态；根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。由于第一红外图像包括待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第二红外图像包括待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的 红外图像信息和待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。这样在使用日光源的情况，获取上述第一红外图像和第二红外图像，基于第一红外图像和第二红外图像就可以检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，如此可以不需要在室内使用人工光源检测光伏电池板，从而不需要将光伏电池板移入室内，以及不需要进行现场接线改造以给人工光源供电，从而降低了检测光伏电池板的难度和运维成本，可以很方便地对光伏电站进行全面检测。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据第一红外图像，去除第二红外图像包括的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到第三红外图像；根据第三红外图像和缺陷库检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，缺陷库包括至少一种缺陷和每种缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像。由于第一红外图像包括环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第二红外图像包括环境中的红外光信号的亮度和待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，根据第一红外图像，去除第二红外图像包括的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到得到消除环境噪声的第三红外图像，从而可以使用第三红外图像能够成功检测出待检测电池片中是否存在缺陷。如此使用日光源也可以成功检测电池片的缺陷，在使用日光源时，不需要进行现场接线改造，也不需要将光伏电池板移入室内进行检测，从而降低检测难度和运维成本。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，控制待检测电池片分别工作在短路状态和第一状态，这样待检测电池片工作在短路状态不发射红外光信号，这样在待检测电池片工作在短路状态下可以获取到待检测电池片的第一红外图像；待检测电池片工作在第一状态下发射红外光信号，这样在待检测电池工作在第一状态下可以获取到第二红外图像。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，所述缺陷库中还包括目标缺陷对应的第一状态，所述目标缺陷是所述缺陷库中的部分缺陷。控制待检测电池片工作在目标缺陷对应的第一状态，这样根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片是否存在目标缺陷。使用第二红外图像中包括的像素点的亮度信息越高，第二红外图像中的待电池片的红外图像越清晰，检测目标缺陷的精度可能越高，而目标缺陷对应的第一状态下的第二红外图像中的各像素点的亮度信息满足检测目标缺陷所需要的亮度信息，所以使用目标缺陷对应的第一状态下的第二红外图像，可以提高检测目标缺陷的精度。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，待检测电池片所在的光伏电池板的正负输出端与逆变器相连。在所述方法中，可以向逆变器发送控制命令，该控制命令携带第一指示，第一指示用于指示逆变器使光伏电池板的正输出端与负输出端短路，以使待检测电池片工作在短路状态。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一状态包括开路状态。在所述方法中，可以向逆变器发送控制命令，该控制命令携带第二指示，第二指示用于指示逆变器断开与光伏电池板的正输出端和负输出端之间的连接，以使待检测电池片工作在开路状态。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一状态包括输出状态。在所述方法中，向逆变器发送控制命令，该控制命令携带目标输出功率，目标输出功率超过预设阈值，使逆变器控制光伏电池板的输出功率等于目标输出功率，以使待检测电池片工作在输出状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，统计光伏电池板中的每种缺陷的电池片数目和正常电池片的数目，根据每种缺陷的电池片数目、每种缺陷对应的权重、正常电池片的数目、正常电池片对应的权重和光伏电池板中的电池片总数目获取光伏电池板的健康指标。获取到光伏电池板的健康指标，这样可以便于维护人员基于健康指标做出对光伏电池板的处理决策。例如确定是否对光伏电池板进行替换或维修等决策。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，在日光的光照强度超过预设强度阈值时，控制待检测电池片分别工作在短路状态和第一状态。日光的光照强度越强，电池片发射的红外光信号的强度越高，越容易对电池片的缺陷进行检测，所以在日光的光照强度超过预设强度阈值时，执行对于电池片检测操作，可以提高检测的精度。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，短路状态的起始时间和第一状态的起始时间之间的时间差不超过预设时间阈值。这样保证第一红外图像中的环境中的红外光信号的强度和第二红外图像中的环境中的红外光信号的强度基本相同，可以提高检测精度。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置，用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可选的实现方式中的方法。具体地，所述装置包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可选的实现方式的方法的单元。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置，所述装置包括：至少一个处理器，至少一个存储器和至少一个收发器，所述至少一个处理器通过总线与所述至少一个存储器和至少一个收发器连接；所述至少一个存储器存储有一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序被配置成由所述至少一个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包含用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式的方法的指令。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第一方面任意可选的实现方式的方法。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第一方面任意可选的实现方式的方法。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测系统，所述系统包括：控制设备、逆变器和红外信号采集终端，逆变器与待检测电池连接；控制设备通过逆变器和红外信号 采集终端获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第一状态是除短路状态以外的其他状态。控制设备根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。由于第一红外图像包括待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第二红外图像包括待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。这样在使用日光源的情况，获取上述第一红外图像和第二红外图像，基于第一红外图像和第二红外图像就可以检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，如此可以不需要在室内使用人工光源检测光伏电池板，降低了检测光伏电池板的难度和运维成本。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏电站的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种检测系统的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法流程图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏电站的全景图像示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
参见图1，光伏电站包括至少一个光伏电池板1，每个光伏电池板1的正负输出端与逆变器2相连，每个光伏电池板1通过逆变器2连接到电网。
光伏电池板1包括至少一个组串3。即光伏电池板1可以包括一个组串3，或者，光伏电池板1可以包括多个组串3。在光伏电池板1包括多个组串3的情况，该多个组串3可以相互平行的位于光伏电池板1中。
对于每个组串3，该组串3包括多个电池片4，该多个电池片4通过两根栅线5串联。对于该两根栅线5，其中一根栅线5与光伏电池板1的正极输出端和每个电池片4的正极输出端连接，另一根栅线5与光伏电池板1的负极输出端和每个电池片4的负极输出端连接。
光伏电池板1中的每个电池片4在光线照射下产生电能，通过与其相连的栅线5将产生的电能传输至光伏电池板1的正负输出端。光伏电池板1的正负输出端将光伏电池板1中的各电池片3产生的电能输入到逆变器2，逆变器2将该电能输入到电网。
逆变器2可以对光伏电池板1的输出功率进行控制，可以控制光伏电池板1的输出功率从0至该光伏电池板1的最大输出功率之间变化。
逆变器2还可以控制光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在不同的工作状态下。工作状态包括开路状态、短路状态或输出状态中的至少一个。即逆变器1可以控制光伏电池板1中的电池片4的工作在开路状态、短路状态或输出状态。
光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在开路状态或短路状态下时，光伏电池板1的输出功率不超过预设阈值。通常情况下，光伏电池板1中的各电池片4工作在开路状态下或短路状态下时，光伏电池板1的输出功率为0，但有时光伏电池板1的输出功率也可能大于0，但输出功率很小，不超过预设阈值。光伏电池板1中的各电池片4工作在输出状态下，光伏电池板1的输出功率超过预设阈值。
逆变器1可以断开与光伏电池板1的正负输出端之间的连接，使光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在开路状态。在光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在开路状态的情况下，光伏电池板1的正输出端和负输出端之间也是断开的，光伏电池板1的正输出端和负输出端之间的输出电压最大，光伏电池板1的输出电流不超过预设电流阈值。通常情况下光伏电池板1的输出电流为0，但有时光伏电池板1的输出电流也可能大于0，但输出电流较小，不超过预设电流阈值。
逆变器1将光伏电池板1的正输出端和负输出端短路，使光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在短路状态。在光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在短路状态的情况下，光伏电池板1的正输出端和负输出端之间的输出电压不超过预设电压阈值，光伏电池板1的输出电流最大。通常情况下光伏电池板1的正输出端和负输出端之间的输出电压为0，但有时光伏电池板1的正输出端和负输出端之间的输出电压也可能大于0，但输出电压较小，不超过预设电压阈值。
逆变器1可以控制光伏电池板1的输出功率大于预设阈值，以控制光伏电池板1工作在输出状态。
光伏电池板1的输出功率等于光伏电池板1的输出电流和输出电压的乘积。在光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在开路状态的情况下，由于光伏电池板1的输出电流不超过预设电流阈值，使得光伏电池板1的输出功率不超过预设阈值。在光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在短路状态的情况下，由于光伏电池板1的输出电压不超过预设电压阈值，使得光伏电池板1的输出功率也不超过预设阈值。
在光伏电池板1的正负输出端之间的输出电压大于预设阈值时，光伏电池板1包括的电池片4产生并发射红外光信号。在光伏电池板1的正负输出端之间的输出电压越大，光伏电池板1包括的电池片4产生的红外光信号的强度越强。
如此，在光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在短路状态下，光伏电池板1中的电池片4不会发射红外光信号。在光伏电池板1中的电池片4工作在开路状态下，光伏电池板1中的电池片4产生的红外光信号的强度最高。在光伏电池板1工作在输出状态下，光伏电池板1中的电池片4产生的红外光信号的强度次之。
可选的，上述逆变器2可以为组串式逆变器、集中式逆变器或集散式逆变器。上述光伏电站可以为大型商用地面光伏电站、屋顶分布式光伏电站、农光/鱼光互补电站或水面漂浮电站等。
另外，需要说明的是：在光伏电池板1长期使用的过程中，光伏电池板1中的某些电池片4可能会出现缺陷，该缺陷可以为黑班、黑心、断栅、隐裂或碎片等。
黑斑是指电池片4的表面有不规则的黑色斑块或整块电池片的颜色暗于其他电池片。黑心是指电池片4的中心有圆形黑色块。断栅是指电池片4与栅线接触不良。隐裂是指电池片4中有轻微的裂纹。碎片是指电池片4发生了碎裂。
在电池片4中出现缺陷时，需要检测出该电池片4。在本申请中可以检测出光伏电池板1中存在缺陷的电池片4，这样便于光伏电站的运维人员基于检测出的电池片4确定光伏电池板1的健康度。本申请还可以对光伏电站进行全面检测，即检测光伏电站中的每个光伏电池板1中的各电池片，从而可以检测出光伏电站中存在缺陷的各电池片，这样运维人员基于检测出的各电池片4确定光伏电站的健康度。
对电池片4的检测过程可以参见后续任一实施例，在此先不做详细介绍。
参见图2，为了检测电池片4中是否存在缺陷，本申请实施例提供了一种检测系统。该检测系统除了包括上述逆变器2，还包括控制设备6和红外信号采集终端7。
控制设备6可以与逆变器2建立网络连接，以及与红外信号采集终端7建立网络连接。
控制设备6可以通过逆变器2控制待检测电池片工作在短路状态。待检测电池片工作在短路状态下时反射环境中的红外光信号。控制设备6控制红外信号采集终端7对待检测电池片进行拍摄得到第一红外图像，第一红外图像包括待检测电池片反射的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。
控制设备6可以再通过逆变器2控制待检测电池片工作在第一状态，第一状态可以为开路状态或输出状态。待检测电池片工作在第一状态下时发射红外光信号以及反射环境中的红外光信号。控制设备6控制红外信号采集终端7对待检测电池片进行拍摄得到第二红外图像，第二红外图像包括待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和反射的环境中的红外光信号对应的外红图像信息。
可选的，控制设备6也可以先通过逆变器2控制待检测电池片工作在第一状态并通过红外信号采集终端7获取第二红外图像，再通过逆变器2控制待检测电池片工作在短路状态并通过红外信号采集终端7获取第一红外图像。
控制设备6获取到第一红外图像和第二红外图像后，根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。
控制设备6通过逆变器2控制待检测电池片工作在短路状态或第一状态的详细过程，通过红外信号采集终端7获取第一红外图像或第二红外图像的详细过程，以及检测待检测电池片的详细过程，可以参见如下图3所示的实施例中的相关内容，在此不再详细说明。
可选的，控制设备6可以为计算机或光伏电站的控制中心等。红外信号采集终端7可以为安装有红外摄像头的航拍设备等，例如可以为安装有红外摄像头的无人机等。
参见图3，本申请实施例提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法，该方法可以应用于图2所示的系统架构。该方法执行主体可以为该系统架构中的控制设备，包括：
步骤101：在日光照射下，控制光伏电池板中的电池片工作在短路状态下。
在光伏电站的运维人员发现光伏电站的某一个或多个光伏电池板有问题时，运维人员需要检测这些光伏电池板中的电池片。此时运维人员可以向控制设备输入该一个或多个光伏电池板的标识信息。或者，在光伏电站的运维人员需要对光伏电站进行全面检测时，光伏电站的运维人员可以分多次向控制设备输入光伏电站中的光伏电池板的标识信息，且每次可以输入一个或多个光伏电池板的标识信息。对光伏电站进行全面检测是指对光伏电站中的各电池片进行检测。
控制设备可以获取输入的光伏电池板的标识信息，根据该光伏电池板的标识信息控制 该光伏电池板工作在短路状态下。在光伏电池板工作在短路状态下时，该光伏电池板中的各电池片也随之工作在短路状态下。
控制设备保存有电池板列表，该电池板列表用于保存光伏电池板的标识信息与基本信息的对应关系，该电池板列表中的每条记录包括光伏电站中的一光伏电池板的标识信息和该光伏电池板的基本信息，该光伏电池板的基本信息包括该光伏电池板的位置和与该光伏电池板相连的逆变器的标识信息等。
控制设备在获取到光伏电池板的标识信息后，可以根据该光伏电池板的标识信息，从电池板列表中获取该光伏电池板的基本信息，根据该基本信息包括的与该光伏电池板相连的逆变器的标识信息，建立与该逆变器之间的网络连接，通过该网络连接向该逆变器发送第一控制命令，第一控制命令包括第一指示。该逆变器接收第一控制命令，根据第一控制命令包括的第一指示使该光伏电池板的正输出端和负输出端短路，以使该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在短路状态。
其中该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在短路状态下不会发射红外光信号，但该光伏电池板中的电池片可以反射环境中的红外光信号。
在执行本步骤之前，控制设备还可以检测日光的光照强度，在日光的光照强度超过预设强度阈值时，开始执行本步骤，即开始对光伏电站中的电池片进行检测。
预设强度阈值可以为200瓦每平方米的光照强度、220瓦每平方米的光照强度或240瓦每平方米的光照强度等。
控制设备中可以包括用于检测光照强度的传感器，使用该传感器检测日光的光照强度。或者，控制设备可以对自身进行定位得到自身的位置，从网络中查询出在该位置处日光的光照强度。
步骤102：获取第一图片，第一图片包括该光伏电池板中的每个电池片工作短路状态下反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。
在本步骤中，控制设备可以控制红外信号采集终端移动到该光伏电池板的上方，在控制该光伏电池板工作在短路状态下时，可以控制红外信号采集终端对该光伏电池板进行拍摄，获取红外信号采集终端拍摄的第一图片。
控制设备与红外信号采集终端之间存在网络连接，该网络连接可以在控制设备开始检测光伏电站中的电池片时建立的。控制设备在控制该红外信号采集终端对该光伏电池板进行拍摄之前，在获取到该光伏电池板的基本信息时，通过该网络连接向红外信号采集终端发送第二控制命令，第二控制命令包括该光伏电池板的位置。红外信号采集终端接收第二控制命令，根据该第二控制命令包括的该光伏电池板的位置移动到该光伏电池板的上方，根据该光伏电池板的位置调整自身的拍摄参数，该拍摄参数可以包括拍摄的角度和焦距等参数，以能够拍摄到该光伏电池板，调整完拍摄参数后通过该网络连接向控制设备发送准备完成消息。
控制设备可以在获取到该光伏电池板的基本信息时，先向与该光伏电池板相连的逆变器发送第一控制命令，以控制该光伏电池板工作在短路状态，再向红外信号采集终端发送第二控制命令。这样在接收到红外信号采集终端发送的准备完成消息时，就可以控制红外信号采集终端对该光伏电池板进行拍摄。或者，
可以先向红外信号采集终端发送第二控制命令，在接收到红外信号采集终端发送的准 备完成消息时，再向与该光伏电池板相连的逆变器发送第一控制命令，以控制该光伏电池板工作在短路状态，然后再控制红外信号采集终端对该光伏电池板进行拍摄。
控制设备控制红外信号采集终端对该光伏电池板进行拍摄的操作可以为：
控制设备可以通过与红外信号采集终端之间的网络连接向红外信号采集终端发送拍摄命令。红外信号采集终端接收该拍摄命令，对该光伏电池板进行拍摄得到第一图片，通过该网络连接向控制设备发送第一图片。控制设备接收第一图片。
控制设备还可以将该光伏电池片的标识信息、短路状态和第一图片之间的对应关系保存图片列表中。
红外信号采集终端拍摄第一图片的过程实质为采集红外光信号并基于采集的红外光信号形成第一图片。红外信号采集终端采集的红外光信号包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片反射的环境中的红外光信号，所以第一图片中包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片反射的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。
第一图片包括该光伏电池板的红外图像，该光伏电池板的红外图像中包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片的红外图像。第一图片中除了包括该光伏电池板的红外图像，还可能包括其他光伏电池板的红外图像或物体图像。由于红外信号采集终端的拍摄参数是根据该光伏电池板的位置来调整的，所以红外信号采集终端在拍摄的第一图片中可以标识出该光伏电池板的红外图像。
步骤103：控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在第一状态下，第一状态为开路状态或输出状态。
在第一状态为开路状态的情况下，控制设备向与该光伏电池板相连的该逆变器发送第一控制命令，第一控制命令包括第二指示。该逆变器接收第一控制命令，根据第一控制命令包括的第二指示断开与该光伏电池板的正负输出端之间的连接，以使该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在开路状态。或者，
在第一状态为输出状态的情况下，控制设备确定大于预设阈值的目标输出功率，向与该光伏电池板相连的逆变器发送第一控制命令，第一控制命令包括目标输出功率。该逆变器接收第一控制命令，控制该光伏电池板的输出功率等于第一控制命令包括的目标输出功率，以使该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在输出状态。
在光伏电池板工作在输出状态或开路状态下时，光伏电池板中的电池片会将照射的日光转换成电能并基于该电能发射红外光信号。
在光伏电池板中的电池片工作在输出状态时光伏电池板中的电池片发射的红外光信号的强度小于在光伏电池板中的电池片工作在开路状态时光伏电池板中的电池片发射的红外光信号的强度。
可选的，第一状态的起始时间和短路状态的起始时间之间的时间差不超过预设时间阈值，这样保证在光伏光电池板中的电池片工作在短路状态时环境中的红外光信号的强度和在光伏电池板中的电池片工作在第一状态时环境中的红外光信号的强度基本相同。
步骤104：获取第二图片，第二图片包括该光伏电池板中的每个电池片工作在第一下状态下发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。
在本步骤中，控制设备可以通过与红外信号采集终端之间的网络连接向红外信号采集 终端发送拍摄命令。红外信号采集终端接收该拍摄命令，对该光伏电池板进行拍摄得到第二图片，通过该网络连接向控制设备发送第二图片。控制设备接收第二图片。
可选的，控制设备还可以将该光伏电池片的标识信息、第一状态和第二图片之间的对应关系保存到图片列表中。
红外信号采集终端拍摄第二图片的过程实质为采集红外光信号并基于采集的红外光信号形成第二图片。红外信号采集终端采集的红外光信号包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片发射的红外光信号和反射的环境中的红外光信号，所以第二图片中包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和反射的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。
第二图片中包括该光伏电池板的红外图像，该光伏电池板的红外图像包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片的红外图像。第二图片中除了包括该光伏电池板的红外图像，还可能包括其他光伏电池板的红外图像或物体图像。红外信号采集终端在拍摄的第二图片中可以标识出该光伏电池板的红外图像。
红外信号采集终端在基于该光伏电池板调整完拍摄参数后，不再调整拍摄参数，所以红外信号采集终端以该拍摄参数拍摄得到第一图片和第二图片，所以第一图片中的每个像素点在第二图片中对应一个像素点。对于第一图片中的一个像素点，以及该像素点在第二图片中对应的像素点，该两个像素点对应物理空间中的同一物理点。且该物理点在第一图片中对应的像素点的位置和该物理点在第二图片中对应的像素点的位置相同。例如，假设该物理点在第一图片中对应第i行第j列的像素点，而在该物理点在第二图片中也对应第i行第j列的像素点。
可选的，控制设备可以先执行步骤101和102，再执行步骤103和104，也就是说，控制设备可以先控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在短路状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄得到第一图片，再控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在第一状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄得到第二图片。或者，
可选的，控制设备也可以先执行步骤103和104，再执行步骤101和102，也就是说，控制设备可以先控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在第一状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄得到第二图片，再控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在短路状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄得到第一图片。
第一状态可以为开路状态或输出状态，控制设备可以控制光伏电池板中的电池片工作在该两种第一状态中的任一种第一状态，也可以控制光伏电池板分别工作在开路状态和输出状态。也就是说：控制设备可以控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在开路状态或工作在输出状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄第二图片。或者，控制设备可以控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在开路状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄第二图片，再控制控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在输出状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄第二图片。或者，控制设备可以控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在输出状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄第二图片，再控制控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在开路状态并控制红外信号采集终端拍摄第二图片。
在对光伏电站中的各电池片进行全部检测的情况下，控制设备在获取到该光伏电池板工作在每种工作状态下的图片后，控制设备可以提示运维人员输入光伏电站中的其他光伏 电池板的标识信息，然后控制设备重复执行上述步骤101至104，获取其他光伏电池板工作在每种工作状态下的图片，并将该其他光伏电池板的标识信息、工作状态和在该工作状态下获取的图片对应保存到图片列表中。在运维人员输入所有的光伏电池板的标识信息后，就可以基于该图片列表执行如下步骤105和106检测电池片的操作。或者，
控制设备也可以在获取到该光伏电池板工作在每种工作状态下的图片后，就可以直接执行如下步骤105和106操作来检测该光伏电池板中的电池片。此种情况下在检测完该光伏电池板中的电池片后，控制设备提示运维人员输入光伏电站中的其他光伏电池板的标识信息，并从上述步骤101开始执行。
其中，控制设备控制光伏电池板工作在短路状态或开路状态后，很快就控制红外信号采集终端对光伏电池板中的电池片进行拍摄，在拍摄完，控制设备就控制光伏电池板中的电池片工作在输出状态，工作在输出状态下光伏电池板通过逆变器向市电电网输出电能。所以光伏电池板工作在短路状态或开路状态下的时间较短，可以尽量降低光伏电池板的发电量损失。
步骤105：从第一图片中获取待检测电池片的第一红外图像以及从第二图片中获取待检测电池片的第二红外图像，待检测电池片是该光伏电池板中的任一电池片。
可选的，在保存有图片列表的情况下，可以从图片列表中获取同一光伏电池板的标识信息对应的第一图片和第二图片，然后开始执行本步骤。
第一图片中包括被标识的光伏电池板的红外图像，在该光伏电池板的红外图像中包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片的红外图像。第二图片中包括被标识的该光伏电池板的红外图像，在该光伏电池板的红外图像中包括该光伏电池板中的各电池片的红外图像。
对于同一个电池片，该电池片在第一图片中的红外图像位置和在第二图片中的红外图像位置相同。
因此，可以从第一图片中识别出该光伏电池板中的各电池片的红外图像，从第二图片中识别出该光伏电池板中的各电池片的红外图像。对于该光伏电池板中的任一个电池片，为了便于说明，称该电池片为待检测电池片，从第一图片中提取待检测电池片的红外图像，即得到第一红外图像，第一红外图像包括待检测电池片工作在短路状态下反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。从第二图片中提取待检测电池片的红外图像，即得到第二红外图像，第二红外图像包括待检测电池片工作在第一状态下发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和反射的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。
步骤106：根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片中是否存在缺陷。
在本步骤中，可以通过如下1061和1062的操作来实现。该1061和1062的操作分别为：
1061：根据第一红外图像，去除第二红外图像包括的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到第三红外图像。
在本步骤中，确定目标像素点在第一红外图像中对应的像素点，目标像素点是第二红外图像中的任一个像素点。将目标像素点的亮度信息减去该确定的像素点的亮度信息。对第二红外图像中的其他每个像素点执行与上述目标像素点相同的操作，得到第三红外图像。
1062：根据第三红外图像和缺陷库检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，该缺陷库包括至少一种缺陷和每种缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像。
对于缺陷库中的每种缺陷，缺陷对应的每个样本图像是存在该缺陷的电池片图像。事先可以收集至少一个存在该缺陷的电池片图像作为样本图像，将该缺陷和该样本图像之间的对应关系保存在缺陷库中。
对于缺陷库中的每种缺陷，在检测待检测电池片是否存在该缺陷时，可以从缺陷库中获取该缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像。获取第三红外图像与该缺陷对应的每个样本图像之间的相似度。在与某个样本图像之间的相似度超过预设相似度阈值时，确定待检测电池片存在该缺陷。在与每个样本图像之间的相似度均未超过预设相似度阈值时，确定待检测电池片不存在该缺陷。
对于缺陷库中的每种缺陷，可以使用在任一种第一状态下的第三红外图像检测出待检测电池片。但是对于缺陷库中的部分缺陷，缺陷库中还保存了该缺陷对应的第一状态，使用该缺陷对应的第一状态下的第三红外图像检测待检测电池片是否存在该缺陷，可以提高检测待检测电池片中是否存在该缺陷的精度。
例如，对隐裂的缺陷，在检测隐裂的缺陷，第三红外图像中的各像素点的亮度越高，检测隐裂的缺陷的精度越高。在开路状态下光伏电池板中的电池片发射的红外光信号的强度最强，使得开路状态的第三红外图像中的各像素点的亮度最高。所以在缺陷库中保存了隐裂的缺陷对应的第一状态为开路状态。
在检测待检测电池片是否存在某个缺陷时，判断缺陷库中是否存在该缺陷对应的第一状态，如果存在，在执行步骤103和104时控制该光伏电池板中的电池片工作在该缺陷对应的第一状态并获取在该第一状态下拍摄的第二图片。在步骤105中可以根据该光伏电池板的标识信息和该第一状态从图片列表中获取对应的第二图像，从该第二图片中获取待检测电池片的第二红外图像，并使用第一红外图像消除第二红外图像中的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到第三红外图像。根据该第三红外图像和缺陷库中的该缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像检测待检测电池片是否存在该缺陷。
重复上述步骤105和106的过程，检测该光伏电池板中的其他电池片中是否存在缺陷。在检测该光伏电池板后，再对其他光伏电池板进行检测，以实现对该光伏电站中的电池片进行全面检测。
可选的，在检测出待检测电池片不存在缺陷时，由于待检测电池片长期使用，虽然不存在缺陷，但可能因为老化等原因，导致待检测电池片存在功率衰减。在本步骤中，可以根据待检测电池片对应的第三红外图像预测待检测电池片的功率衰减程度。
可选的，该预测过程为：根据当前日光的光照强度，从预设的光照强度范围与参考亮度的对应关系中获取对应的参考亮度。根据待检测电池片对应的第三红外图像中包括的亮度信息确定待检测电池片的发光亮度，该发光亮度等于待检测电池片发射的红外光信号的亮度。获取该参考亮度与该发光亮度之间的亮度差值，获取该亮度差值与该参考亮度之间的百分比，该百分比为待检测电池片的功率衰减程度。
在本步骤中，对于检测完的光伏电池板，可以统计该光伏电池板中的每种缺陷的电池片数目和正常电池片数目，根据每种缺陷的电池片数目、每种缺陷对应的权重、正常电池片的数目、正常电池片对应的权重和该光伏电池板的电池片总数目确定该光伏电池的健康指标。
在实现时，根据该光伏电池板中的每种缺陷的电池片数目和该光伏电池板中的电池片 总数目计算每种缺陷的电池片百分比。根据该光伏电池板中的正常电池片数目和该光伏电池板中的电池片总数目计算正常电池片百分比。根据每种缺陷的电池片百分比和正常电池片百分比，通过如下第一公式确定该光伏电池板的健康指标。该健康指标可以用于运维人员做出对该光伏电池板进行处理的决策，提供参考。
第一公式为：Q＝P*a+P 1*a 1+P 2*a 2+……+P k*a k；
在第一公式中，Q为该光伏电池板的健康指标，P为正常电池片百分比，a为正常电池片对应的权重，P 1为第1种缺陷对应的电池片百分比，a 1为第1种缺陷对应的权重，P 2为第2种缺陷对应的电池片百分比，a 2为第2种缺陷对应的权重，P k为第k种缺陷对应的电池片百分比，a k为第k种缺陷对应的权重，k为大于或等于1的整数，*为乘法运算。
可选的，参见图4，控制设备中可以包括光伏电站的全景图像，根据该光伏电池板的标识信息，从电池板列表中获取该光伏电池板的位置，根据该光伏电池板的位置在该全景图像中确定出该光伏电池板的图像，在该光伏电池板的图像中显示标记信息，该标记信息用于标记该光伏电池板中存在缺陷的电池片。
该标记信息可以包括预设的用于指示光伏电池板存在缺陷电池片的标识信息，该光伏电池板的健康指标、该光伏电池板中存在的每种缺陷、该光伏电池板中的每种缺陷电池片数目或该光伏电池板中的每种缺陷电池片百分比等中的至少一个。
在本申请实施例中，在日光照射下，控制待检测的光伏电池板中的待检测电池片工作在多个不同的工作状态，获取待检测电池片的第一红外图像和第二红外图像。第一红外图像是在待检测电池片工作在短路状态下拍摄所得到的红外图像，包括待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。第二红外图像是在待检测电池片工作在第一状态下拍摄所得到的红外图像，包括待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息。这样根据第一红外图像，去除第二红外图像中环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息得到第三红外图像，第三红外图像已消除环境中的噪声，使用第三红外图像就可以检测出待检测电池片中是否存在缺陷，这样在使用日光源时，可以根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片。如此可以不需要在室内使用人工光源检测光伏电池板，降低了检测光伏电池板的难度和运维成本，可以对光伏电站中的电池片进行全面检测。另外，还可以在光伏电站的全景图像中存在缺陷电池片的光伏电池板图像上显示标记信息，这样便于维护人员查看光伏电站中有缺陷的光伏电池板。对于有缺陷的光伏电池板，还获取该光伏电池板的健康指标，这样维护人员基于该健康指标可以做出对该光伏电池板的处理决策。
下述为本公开装置实施例，可以用于执行本公开方法实施例。对于本公开装置实施例中未披露的细节，请参照本公开方法实施例。
参见图5，本申请实施例提供了一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置200，所述装置200部署在上述任一实施例中的控制设备中，包括：
获取单元201，用于获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，所述第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的所述待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和所述待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第一状态是除所述 短路状态以外的其他状态；
检测单元202，用于根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。
可选的，所述检测单元202，用于：
根据所述第一红外图像，去除所述第二红外图像包括的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到第三红外图像；
根据所述第三红外图像和缺陷库检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，所述缺陷库包括至少一种缺陷和每种缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像。
参见图6，可选的，所述装置200还包括：
控制单元203，用于控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态；
可选的，所述缺陷库中还包括目标缺陷对应的第一状态，所述目标缺陷是所述缺陷库中的部分缺陷；
所述控制单元203，用于控制所述待检测电池片工作在所述目标缺陷对应的第一状态；
所述检测单元202，用于根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在所述目标缺陷。
可选的，所述待检测电池片所在的光伏电池板的正负输出端与逆变器相连；
参见图6，所述装置200还包括：
发送单元204，用于向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带第一指示，所述第一指示用于指示所述逆变器使所述光伏电池板的正输出端与负输出端短路，以使所述待检测电池片工作在短路状态。
可选的，控制单元203在确定控制待检测电池片工作在短路状态时，触发发送单元204，然后发送单元204向逆变器发送携带第一指示的控制命令。
可选的，所述第一状态包括开路状态或输出状态中的至少一个，
所述发送单元204还用于：
向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带第二指示，所述第二指示用于指示所述逆变器断开与所述光伏电池板的正输出端和负输出端之间的连接，以使所述待检测电池片工作在开路状态；或，
向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带目标输出功率，所述目标输出功率超过预设阈值，使所述逆变器控制所述光伏电池板的输出功率等于所述目标输出功率，以使所述待检测电池片工作在所述输出状态。
可选的，控制单元203在确定控制待检测电池片工作在开路状态时，触发发送单元204，然后发送单元204向逆变器发送携带第二指示的控制命令。或者，控制单元203在确定控制待检测电池片工作在输出状态时，触发发送单元204，然后发送单元204向逆变器发送携带第三指示的控制命令。
可选的，所述获取单元201，还用于：
统计所述光伏电池板中的每种缺陷的电池片数目和正常电池片的数目，根据所述每种缺陷的电池片数目、所述每种缺陷对应的权重、所述正常电池片的数目、所述正常电池片对应的权重和所述光伏电池板中的电池片总数目获取所述光伏电池板的健康指标。
可选的，所述控制单元203，用于：
在日光的光照强度超过预设强度阈值时，控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态。
可选的，所述短路状态的起始时间和所述第一状态的起始时间之间的时间差不超过预设时间阈值。
在本申请实施例中，由于获取单元获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，且由于第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的所述待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，第一状态是除短路状态以外的其他状态。这样检测单元可以根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。这样在使用日光源时，可以根据第一红外图像和第二红外图像检测电池片。如此可以不需要在室内使用人工光源检测光伏电池板，降低了检测光伏电池板的难度和运维成本。
参见图7，图7所示为本申请实施例提供的一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置300示意图。该装置300包括至少一个处理器301，总线系统302，存储器303以及至少一个收发器304。
该装置300是一种硬件结构的装置，可以用于实现图5或6所述的装置200中的功能模块。例如，本领域技术人员可以想到图5或6所示的装置200中的获取单元201和检测单元202可以通过该至少一个处理器301调用存储器303中的代码来实现。图6所示的装置200中的控制单元203可以通过该至少一个处理器301和该收发器304来实现。图6所示的装置200中的发送单元204可以通过该收发器304来实现。
可选的，该装置300还可用于实现上述任一实施例中发送端的功能。
可选的，上述处理器301可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
上述总线系统302可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
上述收发器304，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信。
上述存储器303可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过总线与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器303用于存储执行本申请方案的应用程序代码，并由处理器301来控制执行。处理器301用于执行存储器303中存储的应用程序代码，从而实现本专利方法中的功能。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器301可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图7中的 CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，该装置300可以包括多个处理器，例如图7中的处理器301和处理器307。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，该装置700还可以包括输出设备305和输入设备306。输出设备305和处理器301通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如，输出设备305可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)等。输入设备306和处理器301通信，可以以多种方式接受用户的输入。例如，输入设备306可以是触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种光伏电站的电池片检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，所述第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的所述待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和所述待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第一状态是除所述短路状态以外的其他状态；
    根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在的缺陷，包括：
    根据所述第一红外图像，去除所述第二红外图像包括的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到第三红外图像；
    根据所述第三红外图像和缺陷库检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，所述缺陷库包括至少一种缺陷和每种缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像之前，还包括：
    控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缺陷库中还包括目标缺陷对应的第一状态，所述目标缺陷是所述缺陷库中的部分缺陷；
    所述控制所述待检测电池片工作在所述第一状态，包括：
    控制所述待检测电池片工作在所述目标缺陷对应的第一状态；
    所述根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，包括：
    根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在所述目标缺陷。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述待检测电池片所在的光伏电池板的正负输出端与逆变器相连；
    所述控制所述待检测电池片工作在所述短路状态，包括：
    向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带第一指示，所述第一指示用于指示所述逆变器使所述光伏电池板的正输出端与负输出端短路，以使所述待检测电池片工作在短路状态。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一状态包括开路状态或输出状态中的至少一个，
    所述控制所述待检测电池片工作在所述第一状态，包括：
    向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带第二指示，所述第二指示用于指示所述逆变器断开与所述光伏电池板的正输出端和负输出端之间的连接，以使所述待检测电池片工作在开路状态；或，
    向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带目标输出功率，所述目标输出功率超过预设阈值，使所述逆变器控制所述光伏电池板的输出功率等于所述目标输出功率，以使所述待检测电池片工作在所述输出状态。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    统计所述光伏电池板中的每种缺陷的电池片数目和正常电池片的数目，根据所述每种缺陷的电池片数目、所述每种缺陷对应的权重、所述正常电池片的数目、所述正常电池片对应的权重和所述光伏电池板中的电池片总数目获取所述光伏电池板的健康指标。
  8. 如权利要求3至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态，包括：
    在日光的光照强度超过预设强度阈值时，控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态。
  9. 如权利要求1至8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述短路状态的起始时间和所述第一状态的起始时间之间的时间差不超过预设时间阈值。
  10. 一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    获取单元，用于获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，所述第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的所述待检测电池片发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和所述待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第一状态是除所述短路状态以外的其他状态；
    检测单元，用于根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述检测单元，用于：
    根据所述第一红外图像，去除所述第二红外图像包括的环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，得到第三红外图像；
    根据所述第三红外图像和缺陷库检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷，所述缺陷库包括至少一种缺陷和每种缺陷对应的至少一个样本图像。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    控制单元，用于控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述缺陷库中还包括目标缺陷对应的第一 状态，所述目标缺陷是所述缺陷库中的部分缺陷；
    所述控制单元，用于控制所述待检测电池片工作在所述目标缺陷对应的第一状态；
    所述检测单元，用于根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在所述目标缺陷。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述待检测电池片所在的光伏电池板的正负输出端与逆变器相连；
    所述装置还包括：
    发送单元，用于向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带第一指示，所述第一指示用于指示所述逆变器使所述光伏电池板的正输出端与负输出端短路，以使所述待检测电池片工作在短路状态。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一状态包括开路状态或输出状态中的至少一个，
    所述发送单元还用于：
    向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带第二指示，所述第二指示用于指示所述逆变器断开与所述光伏电池板的正输出端和负输出端之间的连接，以使所述待检测电池片工作在开路状态；或，
    向所述逆变器发送控制命令，所述控制命令携带目标输出功率，所述目标输出功率超过预设阈值，使所述逆变器控制所述光伏电池板的输出功率等于所述目标输出功率，以使所述待检测电池片工作在所述输出状态。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述获取单元，还用于：
    统计所述光伏电池板中的每种缺陷的电池片数目和正常电池片的数目，根据所述每种缺陷的电池片数目、所述每种缺陷对应的权重、所述正常电池片的数目、所述正常电池片对应的权重和所述光伏电池板中的电池片总数目获取所述光伏电池板的健康指标。
  17. 如权利要求12至16任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元，用于：
    在日光的光照强度超过预设强度阈值时，控制所述待检测电池片分别工作在所述短路状态和所述第一状态。
  18. 如权利要求10至17任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述短路状态的起始时间和所述第一状态的起始时间之间的时间差不超过预设时间阈值。
  19. 一种光伏电站的电池片检测系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：控制设备、逆变器和红外信号采集终端，所述逆变器与待检测电池连接；
    所述控制设备，用于通过所述逆变器和所述红外信号采集终端获取第一红外图像和第二红外图像，所述第一红外图像包括工作在短路状态下的所述待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第二红外图像包括工作在第一状态下的所述待检测电池片 发射的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息和所述待检测电池片反射环境中的红外光信号对应的红外图像信息，所述第一状态是除所述短路状态以外的其他状态；
    所述控制设备，还用于根据所述第一红外图像和所述第二红外图像检测所述待检测电池片是否存在缺陷。
  20. 一种光伏电站的电池片检测装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储程序、指令或代码，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的程序、指令或代码，完成如权利要求1至9任一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序通过处理器进行加载来执行如权利要求1至9任一项所述的方法。
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