WO2021025068A1 - 水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法 - Google Patents
水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021025068A1 WO2021025068A1 PCT/JP2020/030034 JP2020030034W WO2021025068A1 WO 2021025068 A1 WO2021025068 A1 WO 2021025068A1 JP 2020030034 W JP2020030034 W JP 2020030034W WO 2021025068 A1 WO2021025068 A1 WO 2021025068A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- aluminum
- fluoride
- test example
- reaction
- Prior art date
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- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- DPUZPWAFXJXHBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasodium dioxidoboranyloxy(dioxido)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])OB([O-])[O-] DPUZPWAFXJXHBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;tetrafluoroalumanuide Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[K+] SKFYTVYMYJCRET-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 142
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 153
- MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron sodium Chemical compound [B].[Na] MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 86
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 69
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 61
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 45
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 45
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 sodium aluminum hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002043 β-alumina solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- SEBSWWFAYYLUHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-7-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC(C=O)=C(O)C2=NC(C)=CC=C21 SEBSWWFAYYLUHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CRTPOZARBMQHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-L [F-].[Al+3].[F-].[K+] Chemical compound [F-].[Al+3].[F-].[K+] CRTPOZARBMQHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004686 pentahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/06—Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/10—Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/13—Addition complexes of monoborane or diborane, e.g. with phosphine, arsine or hydrazine
- C01B6/15—Metal borohydrides; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/17—Preparation from boron or inorganic compounds containing boron and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/06—Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/10—Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/13—Addition complexes of monoborane or diborane, e.g. with phosphine, arsine or hydrazine
- C01B6/15—Metal borohydrides; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/19—Preparation from other compounds of boron
- C01B6/21—Preparation of borohydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, magnesium or beryllium; Addition complexes thereof, e.g. LiBH4.2N2H4, NaB2H7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing sodium boron hydride, and more particularly to a method for producing sodium boron hydride from sodium metaborate.
- sodium borohydride is a promising hydrogen carrier as a hydrogen storage and transportation and hydrogen generation source.
- SBH sodium borohydride
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing sodium borohydride by reacting trialkyl borates with sodium aluminum hydride.
- Patent Document 2 production of sodium borohydride comprising a step of reacting sodium metaborate and granular aluminum in a hydrogen atmosphere while rolling and pulverizing using a stirring medium to obtain sodium borohydride. The method is disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 sodium diborate (Na 4 B 2 O 5 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) are melted at a high temperature (855 K (581 ° C.), preferably 873 K (599 ° C.)).
- a method for producing sodium borohydride which is obtained by reacting aluminum with hydrogen in a state to obtain sodium borohydride.
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to convert boric acid into trialkyl borates and react sodium, aluminum and hydrogen to produce sodium aluminum hydride in advance, so that the production process is complicated. There is a problem.
- Non-Patent Document 1 sodium hydroxide is added to sodium metaborate, heated to obtain an aqueous solution, and then heat-dehydrated to synthesize sodium oxide (Na 2 O) or sodium diborate (Na) containing sodium metaborate. After preparing 4 B 2 O 5 ), the reaction is carried out in a molten state under a high pressure of 2.3 Mpa. In order to melt sodium diborate, it is necessary to keep the temperature around high temperature (855K (581 ° C), preferably 873K (599 ° C)), and in order to obtain a high reaction rate of 65.8%, it is necessary to use sodium metaborate. The molar ratio of sodium oxide had to be 3: 2. When the molar ratio is lowered, the reaction rate drops sharply, and the reaction rate of sodium metaborate alone in the solid state at the above temperature becomes zero.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing sodium borohydride, which can achieve the production of sodium borohydride by a simple configuration.
- the method for producing sodium borohydride according to the first aspect is to mix sodium borate, aluminum powder and fluoride powder in a closed container filled with hydrogen gas and react at 410 ° C. or higher and 560 ° C. or lower. It is characterized by.
- the sodium borates may be one or more selected from sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium diborate.
- the fluoride is sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium hexafluoride aluminate (Na 3 AlF 6 ), potassium fluoride (KF), potassium aluminum fluoride (KALF 4 ), aluminum fluoride. It may be one or more selected from (AlF 3 ) and lithium fluoride (LiF).
- the aluminum in the aluminum powder may have a molar ratio of aluminum to boron of the sodium borates of 4/3 or more.
- the molar ratio of the alkali metal to the boron contained in the sodium borates and the sodium contained in the sodium borates may be in the range of more than 1 and 4 or less. Good.
- the first aspect it is possible to provide a method for producing sodium borohydride without making a large-scale facility.
- FIG. 1 is a process chart for producing sodium borohydride (SBH) using sodium borate as a raw material.
- FIG. 2a is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 2b is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 2c is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 2d is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 2e is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 1 is a process chart for producing sodium borohydride (SBH) using sodium borate as a raw material.
- FIG. 2a is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 2b is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating
- FIG. 2f is a schematic reaction diagram illustrating the process of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of aluminum mapping analysis results by SEM-EDX.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the central portion of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the results of fluorine mapping analysis by SEM-EDX.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the central portion of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of aluminum mapping analysis results by SEM-EDX.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10a is a partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10b is a partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of adding fluoride to sodium metaborate.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the temperature change in which fluoride is added to sodium metaborate.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the effect of adding fluoride to sodium metaborate or sodium tetraborate.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the effect of adding fluoride to sodium tetraborate or sodium diborate.
- FIG. 15a is an SEM backscattered electron image of the product at the end of the reaction of Test Example 19.
- FIG. 15b is a diagram of a fluorine mapping Fk ⁇ X-ray image by SEM.
- FIG. 1 is a process chart for producing sodium borohydride (SBH) using sodium borate as a raw material.
- SBH sodium borohydride
- sodium borate, aluminum powder and fluoride powder are mixed in a closed container filled with hydrogen gas and reacted at 410 ° C. or higher and 560 ° C. or lower.
- Sodium borate and aluminum powder each react in a solid phase state.
- the method for producing sodium borohydride of the first embodiment includes steps from the first step (S-11) to the third step (S-13).
- Sodium borate 51 as a raw material for boric acid in the first step uses borax as a starting material, sodium hydroxide is added, and diboron triboron having a Na / B ratio in the range of 0.5 to 3.0. It is composed of a double oxide of (B 2 O 3 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O).
- Table 1 shows the existence state of diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O).
- borate sodium tetraborate; Na 2 B 4 O 7
- raw material A to raw material F The state of existence of diboron triboron (B 2 O 3 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) constituting sodium borates when sodium oxide (Na 2 O) is increased is shown.
- the raw material A is borax.
- Borax includes sodium tetraborate (anhydrous), sodium tetraborate (pentahydrate), and sodium tetraborate (perohydrate), and the tetrahydrate of borax naturally exists as crystals. To do. Therefore, in this raw material A, crystals can be separated by crystallizing and separating the hydrate liquid and drying the hydrate.
- NaBO sodium metaborate
- the sodium metaborate of the raw material C can be separated by crystallizing the hydrate liquid and drying the hydrate.
- Na / B refers to the total molar ratio of the metal having an alkaline property to boron and the sodium contained in sodium borate (hereinafter, also referred to as “Na / B”).
- the sodium diborate of the raw material E cannot be crystallized and separated from the hydrate liquid, and cannot be separated as crystals from the aqueous solution.
- the raw material B is sodium borate in the range of 0.5 ⁇ Na / B ⁇ 1.0, and is mainly borax at first, but the abundance ratio of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) gradually increases. More.
- Raw material B is a state in which borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) are mixed.
- the raw material D is sodium borate in the range of 1.0 ⁇ Na / B ⁇ 2.0, and is mainly composed of sodium metaborate at first, but the abundance ratio of sodium oxide (N 2 O) gradually increases. As a result, sodium metaborate (NaBO 2 ) and sodium diborate (Na 4 B 2 O 5 ) are mixed. This raw material D is a liquid containing hydrate, but cannot be separated by crystallization and cannot be separated as crystals.
- Raw material F is sodium borates in the range of 2.0 ⁇ Na / B. Initially, sodium diborate (Na 4 B 2 O 5 ) is the main component, but gradually sodium oxide (Na 2 O). The abundance ratio of sodium oxide increases, and sodium diborate (Na 4 B 2 O 5 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) are mixed.
- the raw material F is mainly composed of sodium diborate, but cannot be crystallized and separated from the aqueous solution, and cannot be separated as sodium diborate crystals. When the value of Na / B becomes high, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) becomes a surplus state, and when Na / B is 2 or more, the raw material F exists in a free state.
- the sodium borate in the present invention is a compound oxide obtained by mixing diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in an arbitrary ratio.
- a mixture of Na 2 O and B 2 O 3 in any ratio can also be used as a raw material for producing sodium borohydride (SBH).
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of sodium borate is preferably in the range of more than 0.5 and 6 or less, more preferably more than 1.0 and 3 or less.
- first step (S-11) sodium metaborate having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less, aluminum powder 52, and fluoride 54 are charged into a closed container, or before charging.
- This is a step of introducing a non-oxidizing gas 53 into a closed container and filling the inside with a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere.
- the first step is mainly a step of preparing and charging raw materials.
- the timing for filling the closed container with the non-oxidizing gas may be after the raw material has been charged into the closed container or before the filling.
- the non-oxidizing gas 53 examples include hydrogen gas, rare gas (for example, helium gas, argon gas, etc.) and the like.
- the first step may be a step of evacuating the inside of the closed container after or before charging sodium borate having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less and aluminum into the closed container.
- a container having heat resistance and pressure resistance that can withstand high temperature (for example, 560 ° C.) and high pressure (for example, 10 MPa) and that can secure a closed space for filling gas is used.
- a container provided with at least a stirring means may be used. Details of such a closed container will be described later.
- the sodium borate used as a raw material is preferably one or more selected from sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium diborate.
- the particle size of the sodium metaborate powder is 100 ⁇ m or less. If the particle size of the sodium metaborate powder exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the production efficiency of sodium borohydride may decrease.
- the sodium metaborate powder is a raw material under a sieve obtained by finely crushing the powder to some extent and then sieving the powder with a mesh size of 100 ⁇ m. In order to further improve the production efficiency of sodium borohydride, it is preferable to use sodium metaborate powder having a smaller particle size.
- the sodium metaborate powder may be sieved with a sieve having a mesh size of less than 100 ⁇ m (for example, a sieve having a mesh size of 50 ⁇ m or less).
- the mass of sodium metaborate charged in the first step can be determined according to the desired amount of sodium borohydride produced. However, since sodium metaborate contains water, it is necessary to overestimate it in consideration of the mass reduction of the water.
- fragments such as powder material and scrap material can be used.
- the aluminum fragment for example, scrap material such as chips and waste material can be used, but it is preferable to select an aluminum fragment having a content of impurities of a noble metal as much as possible.
- the average particle size of the aluminum to be charged is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more, and the maximum particle size is preferably 10 mm or less. If the average particle size of aluminum is less than 1 ⁇ m, dust may explode easily and become difficult to handle, and particles may easily adhere to each other and clump together. If the average particle size is larger than 10 mm, the specific surface area per mass may be small, the reaction area may be reduced, and the initial reaction rate may be extremely reduced.
- the average particle size is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 5 mm or less. The average particle size is obtained as a particle size equivalent to a sphere by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device.
- the fluorides used as raw materials include sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium aluminate hexafluoride (Na 3 AlF 6 ), potassium fluoride (KF), potassium aluminum fluoride (KALF 4 ), and aluminum fluoride (KAlF 4 ). It is one or more selected from AlF 3 ) and lithium fluoride (LiF). Of these, sodium fluoride, which is an alkali metal fluoride, is particularly preferable.
- the reason for adding fluoride is to improve the reaction rate of sodium borohydride.
- an alkali metal and an alkali aluminum fluorine compound layer are formed in the process of the reduction reaction of the alkali metal oxide occurring on the surface of aluminum. Due to the low and stable formation free energy of sodium fluoride, the fluoride layer serves to keep the inside of the aluminum particles in a fluoride atmosphere. Fluoride also has the property of strengthening the crystal structure of aluminum oxide.
- sodium oxide diffuses into the aluminum oxide film, it changes to sodium aluminum dioxide, and sodium aluminum dioxide is ⁇ "aluminaized by the crystal promoting action of fluoride.
- Metal ions are easily diffused into ⁇ "alumina, and sodium ions are particularly easily diffused so that sodium fluoride and sodium oxide can permeate the ⁇ " alumina layer.
- sodium oxide When sodium oxide reaches the aluminum surface, the activity of sodium ions increases in combination with the remaining sodium fluoride layer. Sodium oxide is then reduced to aluminum to form metallic sodium and alumina, which combines with hydrogen to form sodium hydride.
- Sodium borohydride reacts with diboron trioxide that has diffused or diffused offshore away from the coast (region away from the surface of aluminum grains: hereinafter referred to as "offshore"), assuming that the surface of the aluminum grains is the coast.
- offshore region away from the surface of aluminum grains
- the fluoride and the fluoride layer increase the reducing action of aluminum and promote the production of sodium hydride, and as a result, the production rate of sodium boron hydride is improved.
- the fluoride atmosphere contributes to the stabilization of sodium borohydride, the reaction proceeds even at a low hydrogen gas pressure.
- the reaction rate can be improved.
- sodium oxide Na 2 O
- a sodium aluminum dioxide Na 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3
- sodium oxide (Na 2 O) separated by ⁇ "alumination is reduced to aluminum to produce metallic sodium (Na) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), then the metal.
- Sodium (Na) becomes sodium hydride (NaH), which further reacts with diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ) to produce sodium boron hydride (SBH) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O).
- Beta-alumina solid electrolyte is called beta-alumina solid electrolyte.
- Sodium ions are distributed between the two-dimensional layers formed by the alumina block, and the sodium ions move at high speed between the layers. Be prepared.
- FIGS. 2a to 2f are schematic reaction diagrams illustrating the steps of the sodium borohydride (SBH) production reaction.
- fluoride for example, sodium fluoride: NaF
- fluoride has two effects on aluminum. The first action is to promote the crystallization of alumina.
- the second action is to promote the reduction of alkaline fluoride (for example, sodium fluoride: NaF) by aluminum.
- alkaline fluoride for example, sodium fluoride: NaF
- the alkali oxide also has a catalytic action of strengthening the reducing power of aluminum.
- a dense oxide film (Al 2 O 3 ⁇ H 2 O) 102A formed by natural oxidation is formed on the surface of the aluminum (Al) particles 101.
- the dense oxide film 102A produced by natural oxidation has a thickness of about 0.01 ⁇ m and is a dense layer.
- the dense oxide film (Al 2 O 3 ⁇ H 2 O) 102A on the surface of the aluminum grains releases water at a high temperature ( ⁇ 300 ° C.) and has the effect of promoting the crystallization of sodium fluoride (NaF), making it even stronger. It changes to an oxide film (Al 2 O 3 ) 102B.
- this strong oxide film 102B when the temperature is as high as 400 ° C. or higher, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in sodium borate diffuses and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 105 invades. Will be. Then, the strong oxide film (Al 2 O 3 ) 102B gradually changes into a hard shell 108 of a ⁇ "alumina layer over time.
- This ⁇ " alumina layer is a solid having superionic conductivity of sodium ions.
- an electrolyte for example O 2-, B 3+, Al 3+ , F - although slower than sodium ions, such as ions will be able to move the.
- sodium fluoride (NaF) 120 moves inside the ⁇ " alumina layer hard shell 108 and is partially fluorinated by the reduction of aluminum. It becomes aluminum (AlF 3 ) 121 to form a sodium fluoride / aluminum fluoride layer 122.
- sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 105 which easily passes through the ⁇ "alumina layer, also passes through the hard shell 108 and comes into contact with aluminum (Al) grains.
- reference numeral 125 indicates a crystal defect such as a grain boundary. Represents.
- sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 105 supplied inward through the hard shell 108 of the ⁇ "alumina layer is reduced to aluminum in the presence of fluoride to become metallic sodium (Na) 109.
- the catalytic action of this fluoride results in the efficient production of metallic sodium (Na) 109 and then the production of sodium hydride (NaH) 110, as shown in FIG. 2e, resulting in high reaction efficiency.
- the reaction here is represented by the following reaction formulas (1) and (2).
- the reduced metallic sodium (Na) 109 has a small amount of solid solution in aluminum, and defects on the surface and crystals of aluminum. Accumulate in 125. 3Na 2 O + 2Al ⁇ 6Na + Al 2 O 3 ... (1) 3NaF + Al ⁇ 3Na + AlF 3 ... (2)
- the metallic sodium (Na) 109 accumulated in the aluminum defect 125 or the like reacts with hydrogen (H) which moves as a hydrogen gas on the surface and as a hydrogen atom inside the aluminum crystal.
- hydrogen (H) moves as a hydrogen gas on the surface and as a hydrogen atom inside the aluminum crystal.
- sodium hydride (NaH) 110 is obtained. Na + H ⁇ NaH ... (3)
- H 2 ⁇ H hydrogen exists in a metal in a hydrogen atom (H instead of H 2 ) rather than in a molecular state (in a covalent bond). Therefore, the reaction of H 2 ⁇ H occurs on the surface of aluminum, which causes some barriers. When it reacts with metallic sodium (Na) 109 to become sodium hydride (NaH) 110, it cannot exist in the metal and is discharged to the surface or a defective portion.
- the oxide film 102B is ⁇ -aluminated, so that when sodium ions selectively pass through, the sodium oxide concentration inside the hard shell 108 increases. Since the sodium fluoride (NaF) 120 also passes through the hard shell 108, the concentration of the sodium fluoride 120 also increases inside the hard shell 108. Therefore, the sodium fluoride / aluminum fluoride layer 122 is formed inside the hard shell 108. Sodium fluoride has a strong affinity for metallic aluminum and is therefore attracted to aluminum.
- the produced sodium hydride (NaH) 110 diffuses and moves from the aluminum surface and the aluminum defect 125 to the product portion.
- diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ) 111 is also diffused and migrated, reacting when they meet, and oxidizing with sodium borohydride (SBH) 112 as shown in the following reaction formula (4).
- SBH sodium borohydride
- reaction products are abundantly produced on the surface of aluminum having a high concentration of sodium hydride (NaH) 110 and the defects 125 of aluminum. Moreover, since the reaction product sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 105 is present near aluminum, the metallic sodium reduction reaction shown in FIG. 2e continues to proceed.
- sodium hydride (NaH) 110 has a smaller molecule than diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ) 111 and has a high diffusion transfer rate, so that it can easily move offshore. Therefore, it is possible to react with diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ) 111 existing offshore, and sodium borohydride (SBH) 112 can be produced. Offshore, the degree of mixing of substances is large due to medium agitation, so the reaction efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 3 is a mapping analysis result diagram of aluminum by SEM-EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis).
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the central portion of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the results of fluorine mapping analysis by SEM-EDX.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the central portion of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram in which mapping analysis of each element of Al, Na, B, F, and O at the same position as in FIG. 4 is superimposed.
- the aluminum (Al) image is a white portion in the center and is a reaction product having an intermediate color containing an aluminum oxide.
- FIGS. 4 and 7, which are enlarged views in the center of FIG. 3, white aluminum is present in the central portion, and a portion of the reaction product containing a large amount of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is present around the aluminum.
- On the outermost circumference of the gray part there is a white layer presumed to be an oxide film with a slightly high concentration of aluminum.
- the fluoride layer exists inside the outermost oxide film layer and forms a layer with aluminum.
- the part where the reaction is proceeding is the part where the shape of aluminum in FIG. 4 is recessed like a bay, and this part corresponds to the part where the concentration of fluoride is low. It is presumed that in the fluoride layer, the diffusion rate of metal ions is slow, and the oxide film and product diffuse quickly.
- fluorine As for the behavior of fluorine, from the mapping photographs shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, fluorine first adheres to the periphery of the aluminum particles, then moves to the inside of the oxide film and accumulates. Since the reaction proceeds most in the vicinity of the fluoride layer, it is considered that the fluoride layer plays a catalytic role.
- the temperature inside the closed container when the raw material is charged is not particularly limited and may be less than 100 ° C. Since it is not necessary to heat the inside of the closed container, the temperature can be kept at room temperature. In order to avoid the reaction between sodium metaborate and the moisture in the air, it is necessary to seal the container immediately after charging the raw material.
- the raw material of the aluminum powder preferably has an amount of 20% or more added to the molar ratio required for the reaction. A part of the excess aluminum is consumed by the reaction with water, but when the reaction progresses and the amount of aluminum as a raw material decreases, it also contributes to increasing the chance of contact with sodium metaborate and increasing the reaction rate. Can be improved.
- step (moisture removal step) As shown in FIG. 1, in the second step (S-12), the inside of the closed container is heated to 280 or more and 560 ° C. or less, and the residual water contained in the sodium metaborate and the aluminum powder is reacted with aluminum to cause hydrogen. This is the process of converting to gas and aluminum oxide. That is, this step is a step of reacting the vaporized water, that is, the residual water in the closed container with aluminum, or degassing with a vacuum pump to remove the water from the reaction system.
- the heating conditions in the vaporization step of the second step are 280 ° C. or higher, the sodium metaborate hydrate completely releases water, but the crushed sodium borate powder easily adsorbs water and the desorption temperature. Therefore, dehydration drying at 400 ° C. or higher is desirable, and moisture in the atmosphere can be removed in a shorter time.
- sodium borohydride can be produced by providing the next third step (S-13) after the completion of the second step (S-12). it can.
- the reaction of sodium borohydride is synthesized by bringing the powders into contact with each other in a solid phase state and reacting them on the surface of aluminum, and then moving the product and the raw material by diffusion to continue the reaction.
- kinetic energy by stirring can also be applied to assist the movement of these substances.
- a stirring medium may be used, or a part of the raw material may be rolled and pulverized.
- the stirring medium include those having a ball shape, a rod shape, and the like, and among them, the ball shape is preferable.
- the diameter of the ball is preferably larger than the particle size of the aluminum to be charged.
- the stirring medium is preferably a ceramic ball, and specifically, an alumina ball or a mullite ball is preferable.
- Alumina is a product of the synthesis reaction, but alumina fired at high temperature and ceramics containing alumina are stable and do not affect the synthesis reaction.
- the diameter of the stirring medium is preferably less than about 30 mm, 2 mm or more and 20 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- Stirring using a stirring medium is allowed from a slow stirring speed of about 13 cm / sec to a high-speed rotating stirring speed in which aluminum is deformed by the collision energy of the medium of 90 cm / sec or more and rolled and crushed.
- the peripheral speed is 90 cm / sec or more, the aluminum is thinly stretched and adhered by rolling and pulverization, and the raw material and the product are fixed to the container wall together with the raw material and the product and are not mixed, so that the reaction rate is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable that the peripheral speed of the stirrer is 70 cm / sec or less so that the aluminum does not deform.
- reaction As sodium borohydride is produced, the amount of hydrogen in the reaction vessel decreases, but the reaction rate increases by increasing the hydrogen gas pressure.
- the reaction here is represented by the following reaction formula (6). 4Al + 6H 2 + 3NaBO 2 ⁇ 3NaBH 4 + 2Al 2 O 3 ... (6)
- the closed container used in the first to second steps may be used as it is, or another closed container may be used. That is, the first step to the third step may proceed as a step in one closed container, or may be a step in another closed container.
- the hydrogen gas pressure held in the third step is preferably in the range of 0.3 MPa or more and 10 MPa or less, and more preferably in the range of 1 MPa or more and 10 MPa or less.
- the heating temperature is preferably 410 ° C. or higher and 560 ° C. or lower in order to allow the reaction to proceed sufficiently.
- the heating temperature is preferably 410 ° C. or higher and 560 ° C. or lower.
- the sodium metaborate and the aluminum powder may be separately charged into the closed container in sequence, or may be charged into the closed container as a mixture containing them.
- a step of mixing sodium metaborate and aluminum powder to obtain a mixture is provided before the first step, and in the first step, sodium metaborate and aluminum powder are mixed. It is preferable to charge the reaction vessel in the form.
- the initial reaction rate can be increased.
- the aluminum powder and sodium metaborate are mixed, they can be dispersed and mixed in advance, placed in a mold and pressure is applied to form pellets. Pellets have advantages such as less absorption of moisture and better handling than powders.
- Fluoride and sodium metaborate and aluminum powder may be charged separately into a closed container in sequence, or fluoride and aluminum are mixed first to attach fluoride to the surface of aluminum, and then metaboric acid. Sodium phosphate can also be inserted. Further, it may be charged as a mixture containing them.
- Na / B molar ratio of alkali metal to boron in sodium borate and sodium contained in sodium borate
- the method of this embodiment is a reaction system of aluminum powder (solid), sodium metaborate powder (solid), fluoride (solid), and hydrogen (gas).
- this reaction system in order for a good reaction to proceed, the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum particles is eliminated, and in order for the reaction to proceed, the transfer energy for making the concentration of the raw material or product in the solid uniform. It is necessary to supply two.
- the reaction proceeds according to the diffusion rate of the raw material in the solid. Since the diffusion rate of the compound in the solid is slow, the exchange rate between the product (NaH) formed on the surface of aluminum and the raw material is the distance from the region where the product (SBH) is formed to the surface of aluminum and the diffusion rate. It will be decided by. It is the mechanical energy generated by stirring that determines the magnitude of this diffusion distance. Moreover, since the diffusion rate is a function of temperature, the temperature and stirring intensity (energy of movement) determine the reaction rate.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- the closed container 10A has a round-bottomed bottomed cylindrical container body 12 and a removable disk-shaped lid 14 that seals the container body 12.
- a temperature-adjustable heater 16 is arranged on the lower outer side of the container body 12, and the contents of the container body 12 are heated by the heater 16.
- an O-ring 18 for ensuring internal airtightness in close contact with the lid portion 14 is arranged on the upper end surface of the container body 12, and when the lid portion 14 is closed, the lid portion 14 is placed.
- the container body 12 is in close contact with the O-ring 18.
- the lid portion 14 has an opening in the center, a cylindrical portion is erected in the vicinity of the opening, and a motor 20 is arranged on the upper side of the cylindrical portion.
- the stirring device is composed of a motor 20, a stirring rod 22 connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 20, and a plurality of stirring portions 22A provided in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the stirring rod 22.
- the lid portion 14 is further provided with a first pipe 24 and a second pipe 30 that communicate with the inside of the container body 12, and the first pipe 24 is a hydrogen gas supply source (a hydrogen gas supply source () via a hydrogen gas supply valve 26. (Not shown) is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) via an exhaust valve 28. That is, when the hydrogen gas supply valve 26 is opened, hydrogen gas is supplied into the container 12, and when the exhaust valve 28 is opened, the inside of the container body 12 is degassed. Further, the second pipe 30 is connected to the pressure gauge 32, and the pressure inside the container body 12 can be known by the pressure gauge 32.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- the closed container 10B has a large number of stirring media 40 charged inside the container body 12. Then, when the raw material is put into the container body 12 and the stirring rod 22 is rotated, the stirring medium 40 is stirred, and the movement of the raw material sodium borate and the intermediate product sodium hydride is promoted.
- the amount of the stirring medium 40 added may be appropriately increased or decreased so as to increase the reaction rate.
- FIG. 10a is a partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the closed container used in the present embodiment.
- the closed container 10C is provided with a J-shaped stirring portion 22B at the lower end of the stirring rod 22 that rotates inside the container body 12.
- the J-shaped stirring portion 22B is formed so as to be curved along the inner peripheral surface of the bottom portion 12a of the container body 12. Then, when the raw material is put into the container body 12 and the stirring rod 22 is rotated, the J-shaped stirring portion 22B is curved along the inner peripheral surface of the bottom portion 12a, so that the raw material is placed on the inner wall of the container during stirring. Is hard to adhere.
- the stirring medium 40 may be added as appropriate.
- two stirring media 40 are charged inside the container body 12.
- Test Examples 1 to 11 used sodium fluoride as a fluoride
- Test Examples 12 to 18 used a fluoride other than sodium fluoride.
- the fluoride sodium hexafluoride aluminate (Na 3 AlF 6 ) was used in Test Examples 12 to 13.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was used in Test Example 14.
- Test Example 15 used potassium fluoride (KF).
- KF potassium fluoride aluminum fluoride
- AlF 3 aluminum fluoride
- Test Examples 23 to 24 sodium tetraborate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) was used as the sodium borate powder, and sodium fluoride was added as the fluoride. In Comparative Example 3, in Test Example 23, fluoride was not added.
- Test Example 25 sodium diborate (Na 4 B 2 O 5 ) and sodium tetraborate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) were used in combination as sodium borate powder, and sodium fluoride was added as fluoride. And said. In Comparative Example 4, in Test Example 25, fluoride was not added.
- the reaction rate was calculated from the standard volume containing hydrogen gas and the decrease in hydrogen gas pressure.
- the amount of decrease was calculated by calculating the difference from the minimum pressure under the reaction conditions from the maximum gas pressure and converting it into the hydrogen gas volume (molar amount).
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 44.7%.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 1 is 1.67.
- the content of sodium borohydride in the reaction product was determined by the iodine titration method and found to be 45.2%. It is probable that the titration of sodium borohydride production rate was higher than the production rate calculated from the decrease in hydrogen gas because hydrogen gas was generated due to the presence of water and the amount of hydrogen was larger than that of the former.
- Iodine titration method (1) 50 mg of a sample (reaction product) was weighed to the order of 0.1 mg and collected in a weighing bottle. (2) The sample collected in (1) was transferred to a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask with a stopper. 40 ml of a NaOH solution having a concentration of 20 g / L was added to this Erlenmeyer flask with a stopper, and the mixture was heated on a water bath to completely decompose the unreacted aluminum powder. (3) After cooling the decomposition product of (2) to room temperature, 20.0 ml of a 0.05 M iodine solution was added with a whole pipette, plugged, and left in a dark place for 15 minutes.
- A Titration value of 0.1M sodium thiosulfate solution in blank test (ml)
- B Titration value of 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate solution of sample solution (ml)
- f Factor of 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate solution
- C Sampling amount (mg) 37.83: Molecular weight of sodium borohydride (g / mol) 8: Normality of 1 mol / L sodium borohydride solution (N)
- Test Example 2 In the third step of Test Example 1, the operation was the same as in Test Example 1 except that the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 4.9 hours to obtain sodium borohydride (SBH). As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 59.9%.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 2 is 1.67.
- Test Example 3 In the third step of Test Example 1, the operation was the same as in Test Example 1 except that the heating temperature was set to 520 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 4.1 hours, and sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 3 is 1.67.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 56.9%.
- Test Example 4 Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the heating temperature was set to 545 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 1.8 hours in the third step of Test Example 1.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 4 is 1.67.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 54.5%.
- Test Example 5 The amount of aluminum powder used as the raw material of Test Example 1 was increased by 20% by mass to 1.276 g, and in the third step, hydrogen gas was charged into the reaction vessel at room temperature at 0.5 MPa, the heating temperature was 417 ° C, and the stirring speed was increased. After stirring for 7 hours at 300 rpm, the mixture was returned to room temperature, then filled with hydrogen gas to 0.5 MPa, the heating temperature was 417 ° C., the stirring speed was 300 rpm for 7 hours, and then the same operation was performed. Was repeated once. At the final point, the rate of decrease in hydrogen gas slowed down, but the reaction continued. The mixture was heated and stirred for a total of 21 hours to obtain sodium borohydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 5 was 1.67, and the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 57.9%.
- SBH sodium borohydride
- Test Example 6 In the first step of Test Example 1, 0.206 g of sodium fluoride was changed, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 520 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 2.8 hours. The same procedure was performed to obtain sodium borohydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 6 is 1.21. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 48.0%.
- Test Example 7 The amount of aluminum powder used as a raw material of Test Example 1 was increased by 20% by mass to 1.276 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 13.7 hours, as in Test Example 1. Manipulation gave sodium borohydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 7 is 1.67. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 79.1%.
- Test Example 8 The amount of aluminum powder used as a raw material of Test Example 1 was increased by 40% by mass to 1.470 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 13.3 hours, as in Test Example 1.
- Manipulation gave sodium borohydride (SBH).
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 8 is 1.67.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 79.6%.
- the production rate of sodium borohydride by the titration was 81.9%.
- the reason why the sodium borohydride production rate by titration is higher than the production rate calculated from the decrease in hydrogen gas is that hydrogen gas is generated by water and the amount of hydrogen is larger than the calculation.
- Test Example 9 In Test Example 8, the closed container 10C shown in FIG. 10b was used, two cylindrical balls (diameter 10 mm, length 10 mm: material alumina-based ceramics) were used as the stirring medium 40, the heating temperature was 495 ° C, and stirring was performed for 5 hours.
- Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained by the same operation as in Test Example 8 except that the temperature was changed to.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 9 is 1.67.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 77.9%.
- Test Example 10 The amount of sodium fluoride, which is the raw material of Test Example 1, was increased to 1.65 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 520 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 3.2 hours. , Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained. The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 10 is 2.33. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 60.8%.
- Test Example 11 The amount of aluminum powder used as a raw material of Test Example 1 was increased by 60% by mass to 1.680 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 14.9 hours, as in Test Example 1. Manipulation gave sodium borohydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 11 is 2.36. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 82.8%.
- Test Example 12 In the first step of Test Example 1, 1.376 g of sodium borohydride (Na 3 AlF 6 ) was added instead of sodium fluoride, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. for 11 hours. Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the stirring was changed. The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 12 is 1.67. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 62.4%.
- SBH sodium borohydride
- Test Example 13 In Test Example 12, the amount of the raw material aluminum powder was increased by 20% by mass to 1.276 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 499 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 7.44 hours, which was the same as in Test Example 14. To obtain sodium boron hydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 13 is 1.67. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 63.0%.
- Test Example 14 In the first step of Test Example 1, 0.53 g of lithium fluoride (LiF) was added instead of sodium fluoride, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 500 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 9.95 hours. The procedure was the same as in Test Example 1 except that sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained. The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 14 is 1.69. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 61.3%.
- LiF lithium fluoride
- SBH sodium borohydride
- Test Example 15 Except that 1.142 g of potassium fluoride (KF) was added instead of sodium fluoride in the first step of Test Example 1, and the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 10 hours in the third step. , Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 15 is 1.67. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 48.0%.
- KF potassium fluoride
- SBH sodium borohydride
- Test Example 16 In the first step of Test Example 1, 0.93 g of potassium aluminum fluoride (KALF 4 ) was added instead of sodium fluoride, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and stirring was performed for 5.2 hours. After that, heating and stirring were temporarily stopped, and the temperature was returned to room temperature. The initial hydrogen gas pressure at this point was 0.5 Mpa when hydrogen gas was added at room temperature, the maximum pressure after heating at 495 ° C was 0.927 Mpa, 0.57 Mpa before resting, and the pressure when returning to room temperature was 0. It was 32 Mpa. After that, hydrogen gas was added up to 0.5 MPa at room temperature to bring the heating temperature to 495 ° C.
- KALF 4 potassium aluminum fluoride
- Test Example 17 In the first step of Test Example 16, 0.05 g of potassium aluminum fluoride (KALF 4 ) was added, and in the third step, stirring was continued for 1.6 hours, and the hydrogen gas pressure was reduced. The operation was terminated when almost no water was observed, and sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained.
- the maximum pressure of hydrogen gas in the reaction vessel under test was 1.07 Mpa, and the pressure of the hydrogen gas at the end was 0.72 Mpa.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 17 is 1.01. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 31.6%.
- Test Example 18 Except that 0.55 g of aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ) was added instead of sodium fluoride in the first step of Test Example 1, and the heating temperature was set to 495 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 9 hours in the third step.
- SBH sodium borohydride
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 18 is 1.00.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 35.3%.
- reaction temperature was changed to 470 ° C (Test Example 1), 495 ° C (Test Example 2), 520 ° C (Test Example 3), and 545 ° C (Test Example 4), the reaction temperature was changed.
- the reaction rate was good at around 495 ° C. of 500 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction rate was good even when the fluoride was a fluoride other than sodium fluoride.
- sodium fluoride aluminate (Na 3 AlF 6 ), potassium fluoride (KF), potassium aluminum fluoride (KALF 4 ), and lithium fluoride (LiF) as fluorides have the same reaction rates as sodium fluoride.
- Na 3 AlF 6 sodium fluoride aluminate
- KF potassium fluoride
- KALF 4 potassium aluminum fluoride
- LiF lithium fluoride
- Test Example 19 In the first step of Test Example 1, 2.942 g of sodium diborate powder was used as a boric acid raw material, and 0.825 g of sodium fluoride was added and mixed. In the second step, the inside of the closed container was degassed and heated to 400 ° C., and the adhering water content of sodium diborate and aluminum powder and the hydrated water of sodium diborate were released and vaporized. The heating time at this time was 400 ° C. for 4 hours, and water was removed (up to 1 torr).
- Test Example 20 In the third step of Test Example 19, the operation was the same as in Test Example 19 except that the pressure was changed to a low pressure (0.12 MPa) and the heating at a heating temperature of 501 ° C. was set to 3 hours, and sodium borohydride (sodium borohydride) ( SBH) was obtained.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 20 is 2.65.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 31.1%.
- Test Example 22 In Test Example 19, the amount of sodium fluoride as a raw material was increased to 2.48 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 501 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 14 hours, but the operation was the same as in Test Example 19.
- Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained.
- the Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 22 is 3.94.
- the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 93.3%.
- FIG. 15a is an SEM reflected electron image of the product at the end of the reaction of Test Example 19 (SBH conversion rate is 99.5%).
- FIG. 15b is a diagram of a fluorine mapping Fk ⁇ X-ray image by SEM. As shown in FIG. 15a, the whole is a substantially uniform gray except that a dark gray SBH segregation is observed in a part, and the produced compounds are distributed almost uniformly. However, as shown in the fluorine mapping analysis result diagram shown in FIG. 15b, it was confirmed that fluorine was unevenly distributed and a NaF layer was present around the aluminum grains.
- Test Example 23 In the first step of Test Example 1, 1.484 g of sodium borohydride powder and 0.414 g of sodium fluoride were added and mixed as boric acid raw materials, and heating at a heating temperature of 500 ° C. was set to 13 hours. The same procedure as in 1 was carried out to obtain sodium borohydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 23 is 0.88. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 42.6%.
- Test Example 24 In Test Example 23, the amount of sodium fluoride as a raw material was increased to 0.826 g, and in the third step, the heating temperature was set to 501 ° C. and the stirring was changed to 14 hours, but the operation was the same as in Test Example 23. Sodium borohydride (SBH) was obtained. The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 24 is 1.17. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 83.9%.
- Test Example 25 In the first step of Test Example 1, 0.975 g of sodium borohydride powder and 0.990 g of sodium borohydride powder were used as boric acid raw materials, 0.826 g of sodium fluoride was added and mixed, and the heating temperature was 501. The procedure was the same as in Test Example 1 except that the heating at ° C. was 14 hours, to obtain sodium borohydride (SBH). The Na / B (molar ratio) of Test Example 25 is 1.68. As a result, the reaction rate (SBH rate) was 94.4%.
- the reaction rate was 37.5% when the fluoride of Comparative Example 4 was not added.
- the reaction rate of Test Example 25 to which fluoride was added exceeded this and was good.
- Test Example 25 in which sodium diborate and sodium tetraborate are used in combination is an intermediate value between Test Example 24 of sodium tetraborate and Test Example 19 of sodium diborate. , The effect of adding sodium diborate to sodium tetraborate was confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、ホウ酸ナトリウム類を原料とし、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を生成する工程図である。
第1の実施形態の水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法は、水素ガスを満たした密閉容器内で、ホウ酸ナトリウム類、アルミニウム粉末およびフッ化物粉末を混合させ、410℃以上560℃以下で反応させる。ホウ酸ナトリウム類およびアルミニウム粉末は、それぞれ固相状態のまま反応する。第1の実施形態の水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法は、図1に示すように、第1工程(S-11)から第3工程(S-13)までの工程を含む。
第1工程(S-11)は、ホウ酸ナトリウム類51の粒径が100μm以下のメタホウ酸ナトリウムと、アルミニウム粉末52と、フッ化物54を密閉容器内に装入した後、又は装入する前に密閉容器内に非酸化性ガス53を導入し、内部を非酸化性ガス雰囲気で満たす工程である。
第1工程では、主に原料を準備・装入する工程である。
この第1工程は、密閉容器内を非酸化性ガスで満たすことで、ホウ酸ナトリウムおよびアルミニウムの表面酸化被膜への空気中の水分の付着を防止することができる。密閉容器内を非酸化性ガスで満たすタイミングとしては、原料を密閉容器内に装入した後でもよいし、装入する前でもよい。
このような密閉容器の詳細については後述する。
また、本実施形態においては、メタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末の粒径が100μm以下である。メタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末の粒径が、100μmを超えると水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの生成効率の低下を招く可能性がある。なお、メタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末は、ある程度細かく粉砕した後、目開き100μmの篩にかけることで得られる篩下の原料である。水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの生成効率をより向上させるためには、より小さい粒径のメタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を用いることが好ましい。そのためには、メタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末は目開き100μm未満の篩(例えば50μm以下の篩等)で篩ったものを用いればよい。
なお、平均粒径は、レーザ回折式粒子径分布測定装置により球相当直径の粒径として得られる。
金属イオンはβ”アルミナへ拡散しやすく、特にナトリウムイオンの拡散は容易に進行し、フッ化ナトリウム、酸化ナトリウムがβ”アルミナ層を透過できるようになる。
しかし、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)を添加する場合には、生成物であるNa2O・Al2O3をβアルミナ化する作用によって、アルミニウム粒の外周のハードシェル化が進行し、ハードシェルを選択的に通過するナトリウムイオンによってハードシェル内の酸化ナトリウム(Na2O)が増加する。よって、低いNa/B比でも良好な水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)転換率を得ることができる。
図2aから図2fは、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)生成反応の工程を模式した反応模式図である。
ここで、フッ化物(例えばフッ化ナトリウム:NaF)を添加するのは、上述したように、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの反応率の向上を図るためである。フッ化物はアルミニウムに対して2つの作用がある。第1の作用は、アルミナの結晶化を進める作用であり。第2の作用は、アルカリフッ化物(例えばフッ化ナトリウム:NaF)のアルミニウムによる還元を促進させる作用である。フッ化物を含むアルカリ酸化物の場合も、同様にアルカリ酸化物をアルミニウムによる還元力を強くする触媒的作用がある。
3Na2O+2Al→6Na+Al2O3・・・(1)
3NaF+Al→3Na+AlF3・・・(2)
Na+H→NaH・・・(3)
8NaH+B2O3→2NaBH4+3Na2O・・・(4)
アルミニウム粉末の原料は、反応に必要なモル比分に追加する量を20%以上とするのが好ましい。過剰分のアルミニウムの一部は水分との反応による消費されるが、反応が進み、原料としてのアルミニウムの量が減少した時にメタホウ酸ナトリウムとの接触の機会を増やすことにも寄与し反応率を向上させることができる。
図1に示すように、第2工程(S-12)は、密閉容器内を280以上560℃以下に加熱して、メタホウ酸ナトリウムとアルミニウム粉末とに含まれる残留水分を、アルミニウムと反応させ水素ガスと酸化アルミニウムとに転換する工程である。
すなわち、この工程は、気化した水分、つまり密閉容器内の残留水分とアルミニウムとを反応させる、あるいは真空ポンプで脱気して、反応系内から水分を除去する工程である。
2Al+3H2O→Al2O3+3H2・・・(5)
通常、アルミニウムの酸化被膜は欠陥が存在するためガスは通過する。水蒸気はアルミニウムの素地に到達しアルミニウムを酸化し、水素ガスを発生させる。
図1に示すように、本実施形態においては、以上の第2工程(S-12)の終了後、次の第3工程(S-13)を設けることで水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを生成することができる。
ここで、撹拌媒体としては、例えば、ボール状、ロッド状などの形状のものが挙げられ、中でも、ボール状が好ましい。ボール状とする場合、ボールの径としては、装入するアルミニウムの粒径よりも大きい径とすることが好ましい。また、撹拌媒体の材質に関しては、セラミック製、ステンレスなどの既存のものを適宜選択可能である。中でも、セラミック製ボールとすると金属の汚染がない。そのため、撹拌媒体としてはセラミック製ボールとすることが好ましく、具体的にはアルミナ製ボール、ムライト製ボールとすることが好ましい。アルミナは合成反応の生成物であるが、高温で焼成されたアルミナやアルミナを含むセラミックは安定であり、合成反応には影響を及ぼさない。
ここで、撹拌媒体の直径としては、約30mm未満、2mm以上20mm以下、より好ましくは3mm以上10mm以下とするのが好ましい。
4Al+6H2+3NaBO2→3NaBH4+2Al2O3・・・(6)
以上の第1工程乃至第3工程により、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを生成することができる。
また、アルミニウム粉末とメタホウ酸ナトリウムとを混合物とする場合、事前に分散混合し、金型に入れ圧力をかけてペレットとすることもできる。ペレットは、粉体であるよりも湿気を吸いにくくハンドリングに優れるなどの利点がある。
ここで、Na/B(モル比)が、1よりも大きく4以下の範囲であることが好ましい。
化合物の固体内での拡散速度は遅いので、アルミニウムの表面でできた生成物(NaH)と原料との交換速度は、生成物(SBH)が生成する領域からアルミニウムの表面までの距離と拡散速度で決まることとなる。この拡散距離の大きさを決めるのが撹拌による機械的なエネルギーである。
また、拡散速度は温度の関数であるので温度と撹拌強度(移動のエネルギー)が反応速度を決定することとなる。
図8に示すように、密閉容器10Aは、丸底の有底円筒状の容器本体12と、容器本体12を密閉する、脱着可能な円盤状の蓋部14とを有する。容器本体12の下部外側には、温度調節可能なヒーター16が配置され、容器本体12の内容物はヒーター16により加熱される。また、容器本体12の上端面には、蓋部14と密着して内部の気密性を確保するためのO-リング18が配されており、蓋部14が閉じられたとき、蓋部14は容器本体12に対してO-リング18と密着した状態となる。
図9の密閉容器との相違は、図10aに示すように、密閉容器10Cは、容器本体12の内部で回転する撹拌棒22の下端部にJ型の撹拌部22Bを設けている。J型の撹拌部22Bは、容器本体12の底部12aの内周面に沿って湾曲しているように形成している。そして、容器本体12に原料を投入して撹拌棒22を回転させたとき、J型の撹拌部22Bが底部12aの内周面に沿って湾曲しているので、撹拌の際、容器内壁に原料が付着しづらいものとなる。
なお、図9に示すように、撹拌媒体40を適宜投入するようにしてもよい。図10bに示す密閉容器10Cは、容器本体12の内部に2個の撹拌媒体40を投入している。
以下、本実施形態の効果を示す試験例により本実施形態を更に詳しく説明するが、本実施形態はこれらに限定されるものではない。
(a)第1工程
試験例1のホウ酸原料としては、メタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末が用いられている。
粉砕して、目開き100μmの篩にかけたメタホウ酸ナトリウム1.94gと、その質量のメタホウ酸ナトリウム中のホウ素と下記反応式(7)により4/3倍モルのアルミニウム(平均粒径30μm)のアルミニウム粉末1.060gと、フッ化ナトリウム0.826gを混合した後、常温下で、図8に示す密閉容器10A内に装入した。次いで、密閉容器内を真空ポンプに接続して脱気した後、水素ガス(非酸化性ガス)で満たした。
4Al+6H2+3NaBO2→3NaBH4+2Al2O3・・・(7)
密閉容器内を470℃に加熱するとともに、密閉容器内の撹拌手段を回転させ、撹拌回転速度を300rpmで撹拌して、470℃での加熱温度を維持しつつ、2.8時間撹拌した。なお、第3工程の終了は密閉容器内の圧力上昇が生じなくなった時点で撹拌を終了させ、冷却した。
このときの初期の水素ガス圧は、0.862MPaであり、試験途中0.45Mpaに圧力が減少した時点で水素ガスを0.50Mpaまで追加した。終了の水素ガス圧は、0.483MPaであった。
以上のようにして、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(以下、SBHと表記することがある。)を得た。
なお、試験例1のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。
(1)試料(反応生成物)50mgを0.1mgの桁まで量り取り、秤量瓶に採取した。
(2)(1)で採取した試料を200ml共栓付三角フラスコに移した。この共栓付三角フラスコに濃度20g/LのNaOH溶液40mlを加え、水浴上で加温して未反応のアルミニウム粉末を完全に分解した。
(3)(2)の分解物を室温まで冷却後、0.05Mヨウ素溶液20.0mlをホールピペットで加え、栓をして暗所で15分間放置した。
(4)(3)の放置物に塩酸3mlを加えてよく振り混ぜた後、0.1Mチオ硫酸ナトリウムで滴定を行った。
(5)滴定の終了はヨウ素の紫色が無色に変化した時点とした。
(6)試料を添加しないで空試験を行い,水素化ホウ素ナトリウム含有率を計算により求めた。含有率の計算に用いた式を以下に示す。
〈水素化ホウ素ナトリウム含有率を求める計算式〉
NaBH4(質量%)={(A-B)×0.1×f×37.83/8}/C×100
上記式中の変数および定数は以下の通りである。
A :空試験の0.1M チオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液滴定値(ml)
B :試料液の0.1M チオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液滴定値(ml)
f :0.1Mチオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液のファクター
C :試料採取量(mg)
37.83:水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの分子量(g/mol)
8 :1mol/L水素化ホウ素ナトリウム溶液の規定度(N)
試験例1の第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、4.9時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は59.9%であった。試験例2のNa/B(モル比)は、1.67である。
試験例1の第3工程において、加熱温度を520℃とし、4.1時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例3のNa/B(モル比)は、1.67である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は56.9%であった。
試験例1の第3工程において、加熱温度を545℃とし、1.8時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例4のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は54.5%であった。
試験例1の原料のアルミニウム粉末を20質量%増量して1.276gとし、第3工程において、反応容器に常温で水素ガスを0.5Mpa装入し、加熱温度を417℃とし、撹拌速度を300rpmとして、7時間撹拌したのち休止し、常温に戻した、次いで水素ガスを0.5Mpaまで充填し、加熱温度417℃とし、撹拌速度300rpmとして7時間撹拌したのち同様に休止し、さらに同じ操作を1回繰り返し終了した。最終時点での水素ガス減少速度は遅くなったが反応は継続していた。合計21時間の加熱撹拌し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例5のNa/B(モル比)は1.67であり、反応率(SBH率)は57.9%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムを0.206gの添加に変更し、第3工程において、加熱温度を520℃とし、2.8時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例6のNa/B(モル比)は1.21である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は48.0%であった。
試験例1の原料のアルミニウム粉末を20質量%増量して1.276gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、13.7時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例7のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は79.1%であった。
試験例1の原料のアルミニウム粉末を40質量%増量して1.470gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、13.3時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例8のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は79.6%であった。
前記滴定による水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの生成率は81.9%であった。滴定による水素化ホウ素ナトリウム生成率が、水素ガス減少から計算した前記生成率より高いのは、水分による水素ガスの発生が生じ、水素量が前記計算より多かったためである。
試験例8において、図10bに示す密閉容器10Cを用い、撹拌媒体40として円柱ボール(直径10mm、長さ10mm:材質アルミナ系セラミックス)2個を用い、加熱温度を495℃とし、5時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例8と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例9のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は77.9%であった。
試験例1の原料のフッ化ナトリウムを増量して1.65gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を520℃とし、3.2時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例10のNa/B(モル比)は2.33である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は60.8%であった。
試験例1の原料のアルミニウム粉末を60質量%増量して1.680gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、14.9時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例11のNa/B(モル比)は2.36である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は82.8%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムの代わりに六フッ化アルミン酸ナトリウム(Na3AlF6)1.376gを添加すると共に、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、11時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例12のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は62.4%であった。
試験例12において、原料のアルミニウム粉末を20質量%増量して1.276gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を499℃とし、7.44時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例14と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例13のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は63.0%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムの代わりにフッ化リチウム(LiF)0.53gを添加すると共に、第3工程において、加熱温度を500℃とし、9.95時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例14のNa/B(モル比)は1.69である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は61.3%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムの代わりにフッ化カリウム(KF)1.142gを添加すると共に、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、10時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例15のNa/B(モル比)は1.67である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は48.0%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムの代わりにフッ化アルミニウムカリウム(KAlF4)0.93gを添加すると共に、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、5.2時間の撹拌をしたのち加熱と撹拌を一旦休止し、常温に戻した。この時点での初期水素ガス圧は常温で水素ガス添加時圧力0.5Mpaとし、495℃加熱後の最高圧力は0.927Mpa、休止前が0.57Mpa、常温に戻った時の圧力が0.32Mpaであった。その後、常温で水素ガスを0.5Mpaまで追加し、加熱温度495℃としたのち、3.5時間の撹拌を行った時点で水素ガス圧力の減少がほぼ停止したので試験を終了し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。休止後の試験の水素ガス圧力は最高圧0.874Mpa終了時が0.704Mpaであった。試験例16のNa/B(モル比)は1.22である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は54.2%であった。
試験例16の第1工程において、フッ化アルミニウムカリウム(KAlF4)0.05gを添加すると共に、第3工程において、加熱温度を560℃とし、1.6時間撹拌を続け、水素ガス圧の減少がほとんど見られなくなる時点で操作を終了し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験中の反応容器中の水素ガスの最高圧力は1.07Mpa、終了時の前記水素ガス圧力は0.72Mpaであった。試験例17のNa/B(モル比)は1.01である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は31.6%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムの代わりにフッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)0.55gを添加すると共に、第3工程において、加熱温度を495℃とし、9時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例18のNa/B(モル比)は1.00である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は35.3%であった。
試験例2の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムを添加せずに、ホウ酸原料としてメタホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を1.940g添加混合し、加熱温度495℃での加熱を8.7時間とした以外は、試験例2と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。比較例1のNa/B(モル比)は、1.00である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は27.3%であった。
試験例1の第1工程において、ホウ酸原料として二ホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を2.942gとし、フッ化ナトリウムを0.825g添加混合した。
第2工程として、密閉容器内を脱気した状態で400℃に加熱し、二ホウ酸ナトリウムおよびアルミニウム粉末の付着水分と、二ホウ酸ナトリウムの水和水とを放出させ気化した。このときの加熱時間は400℃で4時間の真空加熱を行い、水分の除去を実施(1torrまで)した。その後、第3工程として、密閉容器内を加熱温度495℃とし、撹拌手段を回転させ、加熱を14.5時間とした以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例19のNa/B(モル比)は2.65である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は99.5%であった。
試験例19の第3工程において、圧力を低圧(0.12MPa)に変更し、加熱温度501℃での加熱を3時間とした以外は、試験例19と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例20のNa/B(モル比)は2.65である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は31.1%であった。
試験例19の第3工程において、加熱温度518℃での加熱を14.2時間とした以外、試験例19と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例21のNa/B(モル比)は2.65である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は95.0%であった。
試験例19において、原料のフッ化ナトリウムを増量して2.48gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を501℃とし、14時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例19と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例22のNa/B(モル比)は3.94である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は93.3%であった。
試験例19の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムを添加せずに、ホウ酸原料として二ホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を2.940g添加混合し、加熱温度495℃での加熱を7.08時間とした以外は、試験例19と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。比較例2のNa/B(モル比)は2.00である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は60.4%であった。
図15aに示すように、一部に濃い灰色のSBHの偏析が見られる以外は全体がほぼ均一の灰色となっており、生成化合物がほぼ均一に分布している。しかし、図15bに示すフッ素のマッピング分析結果図に示すように、フッ素は偏在しており、アルミニウム粒の周囲にはNaF層が存在していることが確認された。
試験例1の第1工程において、ホウ酸原料として四ホウ酸ナトリウム粉末1.484g、フッ化ナトリウムを0.414g添加混合し、加熱温度500℃での加熱を13時間とした以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例23のNa/B(モル比)は0.88である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は42.6%であった。
試験例23において、原料のフッ化ナトリウムを増量して0.826gとし、第3工程において、加熱温度を501℃とし、14時間の撹拌に変更した以外は、試験例23と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例24のNa/B(モル比)は1.17である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は83.9%であった。
試験例23の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムを添加せずに、ホウ酸原料として四ホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を1.980g添加混合し、加熱温度514℃での加熱を2.49時間とした以外は、試験例23と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。比較例3のNa/B(モル比)は0.5である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は4.8%であった。
これに対し、フッ化物を添加した試験例23および試験例24の反応率は共にこれを上回り良好であった。また、フッ化ナトリウムの増量によるNa/B(モル比)の増加においても、反応率の大幅な向上を図ることが出来た。
試験例1の第1工程において、ホウ酸原料として四ホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を0.975gと二ホウ酸ナトリウム粉末を0.990gとを用い、フッ化ナトリウムを0.826g添加混合し、加熱温度501℃での加熱を14時間とした以外は、試験例1と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。試験例25のNa/B(モル比)は1.68である。その結果、反応率(SBH率)は94.4%であった。
試験例25の第1工程において、フッ化ナトリウムを添加せずに、試験例25と同様に操作し、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)を得た。比較例4のNa/B(モル比)は1.02である。
その結果、反応率(SBH率)は37.5%であった。
12 容器本体
14 蓋部
16 ヒーター
18 O-リング
20 モーター
22 撹拌棒
22A 撹拌部
22B J型の撹拌部
24 第1パイプ
26 水素ガス供給バルブ
28 排気バルブ
30 第2パイプ
32 圧力計
40 撹拌媒体
51 ホウ酸ナトリウム類
52 アルミニウム粉末
53 非酸化性ガス
54 フッ化物
101 アルミニウム粒
102A 緻密な酸化皮膜
102B 強固な酸化皮膜
105 酸化ナトリウム(Na2O)
108 ハードシェル
109 金属ナトリウム(Na)
110 水素化ナトリウム(NaH)
111 三酸化二ホウ素(B2O3)
112 水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)
120 フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)
121 フッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)
122 フッ化ナトリウム・フッ化アルミニウム層
Claims (5)
- 水素ガスを満たした密閉容器内で、ホウ酸ナトリウム類、アルミニウム粉末およびフッ化物の粉末を混合させ、410℃以上560℃以下で反応させることを特徴とする水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法。
- 請求項1において、
前記ホウ酸ナトリウム類が、メタホウ酸ナトリウム、四ホウ酸ナトリウム、二ホウ酸ナトリウムより選択された一種以上であることを特徴とする水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記フッ化物が、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、六フッ化アルミン酸ナトリウム(Na3AlF6)、フッ化カリウム(KF)、フッ化アルミニウムカリウム(KAlF4)、フッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)、フッ化リチウム(LiF)より選択された一種以上であることを特徴とする水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つにおいて、
前記アルミニウム粉末中のアルミニウムは、前記ホウ酸ナトリウム類のホウ素に対するアルミニウムのモル比が4/3以上であることを特徴とする水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つにおいて、
前記ホウ酸ナトリウム類に含まれるホウ素に対するアルカリ金属および前記ホウ酸ナトリウム類に含まれるナトリウムのモル比が、1よりも大きく4以下の範囲であることを特徴とする水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの製造方法。
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