Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
  • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
  • B25B13/48—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
  • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
  • B25B13/48—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
  • B25B13/481—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating in areas having limited access
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
  • B25B17/00—Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
  • B25B17/00—Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers
  • B25B17/02—Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers providing for torque amplification
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
  • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
  • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
  • B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
  • B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
  • B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner with integrated detection means for an output torque.
• screw devices with flat output means are generally known. These are gear units - usually housed in a flat housing - with a drive usually provided at one end and an output drive provided on the opposite end, on which a screw partner such as a screw to be applied with a torque can then be suitably releasably attached.
• a screw partner such as a screw to be applied with a torque
• Such screwing devices are used in particular for screwing or assembly work, in which a screwing partner is difficult to reach due to spatial installation conditions.
• a generic screwing device is already known from WO 2018/188829 A1.
• additional axial bearings must be provided, which increases the structural complexity of the structural arrangement in the flat output means.
• the known detection means require additional installation space in the flat output means.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an improved screwing device based on the known prior art which overcomes or at least significantly reduces the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.
• a screwing device with alternative means for determining and / or monitoring the torque acting on a screwing partner on the output side is to be provided, which at the same time enables an inexpensive and compact design of the flat drive.
• reliable torque determination and / or monitoring should be made possible.
• the invention also addresses further problems which will become more apparent from the following description.
• the invention relates to a screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner, having flat output means which have an output that can be detachably connected to the screwing partner and a drive that can be acted upon manually or mechanically with a drive torque, preferably via an interposed angular and / or conical toothing have, and acquisition means for providing measured values for determining and / or monitoring an output torque acting on the screw partner on the output side, characterized in that the acquisition means provided in a housing of the flat output means are designed so that these are a preferably straight-toothed, the drive and the output of the flat output means are able to detect the radial force and / or tangential force acting in a torque-transmitting manner and provide them for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
• the inventive design of the detection means which are integrated in the housing of the flat output means and detect a radial force and / or tangential force or circumferential force of a gear that interacts with the detection means in the flat output means, is a structurally simple solution for the reliable provision of measured values for determination and / or Monitoring of the output torque acting on a screw partner provided.
• the necessary installation space in the flat output means can be minimized compared to the known prior art.
• the design of the screw device according to the invention enables inexpensive manufacture and simplified maintenance.
• the efficiency of the flat output means is increased.
• the above-mentioned measured values for determining and / or monitoring the output torque are preferably understood to mean the radial force and / or tangential force detected by the detection means or measured values or measured value signals representing them.
• electrical energy supply means for such electronic interface or signal processing means enable such a wireless, self-sufficient and correspondingly flexible functionality, whereby, in addition to a battery solution for the electrical energy supply means, an electrical generator solution can also be considered, which, advantageously, inevitably in the case of the screwing device according to the invention using rotary movements of the gear components involved, this mechanical kinetic energy can be converted in an otherwise known manner into electrical operating energy for the functionalities described.
• an electrical generator solution can also be considered, which, advantageously, inevitably in the case of the screwing device according to the invention using rotary movements of the gear components involved, this mechanical kinetic energy can be converted in an otherwise known manner into electrical operating energy for the functionalities described.
• the advantage of being independent of batteries or other wired energy sources is also obvious.
• the described radial and / or tangential force acting on the toothed wheel relates to a respective radial force and / or tangential force applied to the toothed wheel, in particular during an operative connection with further toothed wheels or toothings meshing therewith.
• the radial and / or tangential force acting on the gear relates to a bearing reaction force of the gear in the radial and / or tangential direction that can be detected by the detection means.
• the respective radial force and / or tangential force is detected which, when torque is transmitted, is applied to the gearwheel connected to the detection means on the bearing or to an axis of rotation of the gearwheel which is preferably fixed in the housing.
• the radial force and / or tangential force here preferably relates to a force which is present in a plane essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the gearwheel and / or the main axis of the flat output.
• the detection means are designed in such a way that they detect a radial force in or along a line of action in which the tangential or circumferential forces applied to the gearwheel, preferably in the same direction, are combined or can be combined into a resulting force.
• the radial force detected here is a force or bearing reaction force of the gear applied to the gear.
• a straight toothing of the gearwheel cooperating with the detection means preferably only has rotational force input and thus radial and / or tangential forces acting only on the gearwheel during the operative connection or interaction with further gearwheels or toothings of the flat output means that mesh with it.
• a measured value signal that reliably represents and / or monitors the output-side torque can be provided by the detection means for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
• axial forces also occur on the gear wheel or bearing reaction forces acting in the axial direction.
• the detection means can provide a measured value signal that reliably monitors the output-side torque for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
• a deviation in the detected radial and / or tangential forces can be used to infer a deviation in the output-side torque.
• the gearwheel cooperating with the detection means according to the invention is arranged between a drive assembly of the flat output means having a toothing and an output assembly of the flat output means having a toothing.
• the gearwheel cooperating with the detection means according to the invention is here preferably designed as a gearwheel which cooperates or meshes directly with the output assembly.
• the gearwheel cooperating with the detection means according to the invention can be encompassed directly by the output assembly.
• the straight-toothed gear itself can form the output assembly of the flat output means.
• the flat output means have a plurality of toothed wheels which form a gear arrangement between the drive and the output of the flat output means.
• the gearwheel cooperating with the detection means according to the invention is preferably one of the gearwheels forming the gear arrangement.
• the gear arrangement can have straight teeth or helical teeth.
• the gear arrangement can also have angled, bevel and / or curved teeth.
• the flat output means have a plurality, that is to say at least two, preferably at least three straight-toothed or helical-toothed gear wheels. Particularly preferably, the flat output means only have straight-toothed gears. Alternatively, however, the flat output means can also comprise at least partially helical gears.
• the axes of rotation of the gears Flat output means preferably all extend in one plane. The axes of rotation preferably run parallel to one another and extend through flat sides of the housing of the flat output.
• the housing of the flat output preferably has two flat sides arranged in parallel or opposite flat outer surfaces. These are preferably free of protrusions or elevations.
• the housing is preferably designed in two parts, with two housing halves opposite one another.
• the maximum width of the housing is preferably less than 30 mm, more preferably less than 20 mm.
• the gearwheel cooperating with the detection means preferably has a fixed, in particular non-rotatable, bearing axis arranged in the housing, on which a toothed ring of the gearwheel is freely rotatable, preferably by means of a needle bearing.
• the detection means preferably have at least one force transducer.
• This is preferably fixed, in particular non-rotatable, connected to a bearing or to the bearing axis of the gear, or is formed integrally therewith.
• the force transducer is preferably arranged so that it cannot rotate between the bearing axis and the housing of the flat output means.
• the force transducer can be secured against twisting relative to the housing by means of a suitable pin connection with a housing cover and / or by means of a corresponding shape in a housing cover recess.
• the force transducer is preferably arranged in a line of action of the resulting force applied to the toothed wheel, which line extends radially to the toothed wheel.
• This is preferably understood to be a radially acting force in which the tangential or circumferential forces applied to the gearwheel, preferably in the same direction, result in a Force are summarized or summarized.
• the force transducer is preferably arranged such that it can detect a radial force in or along an effective line.
• the force transducer is preferably designed in the form of a spoked wheel and / or preferably essentially disk-shaped.
• the force transducer is preferably made of the same material as the assigned gear and / or the bearing axis of the gear.
• the force transducer is preferably designed or arranged on an end face of the gearwheel.
• the force transducer can be arranged directly on a toothing edge of the gearwheel. More preferably, two force transducers, preferably of identical design, can be designed or arranged on opposite end faces of the gearwheel.
• the force transducer is preferably arranged in such a way that no force is transmitted from the force transducer to the housing of the flat output means in the axial direction, i.e. in particular along an axis of rotation of the gearwheel.
• the force transducer can be arranged or designed coaxially to the assigned gearwheel and / or rotationally symmetrical.
• the force transducer preferably has an outer diameter or a maximum radial extent which essentially corresponds to a root circle of the toothing of the associated straight-toothed gear.
• the force transducer preferably has an axially extending thickness of 1 to 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm.
• the force transducer has integrated force sensor means which are designed to provide an am To detect force transducers applied pressure and / or tensile force in the radial and / or tangential direction of the gear or the force transducer.
• the force sensor means are preferably arranged in a radially extending line of action of the resulting force applied to the gearwheel.
• the force sensor means preferably comprise at least one strain gauge attached to the force transducer. At least two strain gauges are preferably arranged or attached to the force transducer. The strain gauges are preferably arranged on radially extending and preferably opposite spokes or struts of the force transducer. Alternatively or in addition, the force sensor means can also have piezo elements.
• the force sensor means can comprise hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means attached to or connected to the force transducer.
• the force transducer can have at least one or preferably two suitable chambers, for example in the form of recesses or cavities, in which a fluid suitable for hydraulic or pneumatic sensor removal is arranged or introduced.
• the chambers are preferably arranged opposite one another in the force transducer and in a respective half of the force transducer.
• the force sensor means can comprise a graphene-containing polymer mass with preferably variable electrical conductivity attached to or integrated on the force transducer.
• This can for example be introduced into suitable chambers, for example in the form of recesses or cavities of the force transducer, which are preferably arranged opposite one another in a respective half of the force transducer.
• the polymer mass is preferably by a graphene-containing viscoelastic Polymer mass such as a jumping clay based on silicone with boron content.
• a conductive polymer mass with incorporated particles or flakes of graphene which has a variable electrical resistance when the pressure changes on the polymer mass, is known, cf. Journal Science, December 9, 2016, Vol. 354, Edition 6317, pages 1257-1260.
• a measured value signal that represents and / or monitors the output-side torque reliably and with high measurement quality and accuracy can be provided for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
• the detection means can have means for wireless signal transmission of a measured value signal corresponding to the detected output torque and / or monitoring it.
• the detection means can also have electronic interface and / or signal processing means as well as electrical energy supply means. The latter can be implemented as electrical generator means interacting with a movable, in particular rotating, component of the flat output means.
• the measured value signal provided by the acquisition means can be transmitted to a computing unit assigned to or connectable to the screwdriving device, which evaluates the acquired signal and calculates or calculates and / or monitors the respective output torque based on it. This can be done, for example, based on comparison tables and / or database information. These can include, for example, measured values of the recording means determined in test series and respectively associated torque values with which the respective output torque can be calculated or calculated and / or monitored based on the provided measured values.
• the arithmetic unit can be designed here, a To detect deviation from a definable target value and to output an alarm or notification signal in the event of too great a deviation, for example of preferably more than 10%, more preferably of more than 5%.
• the flat output means according to the invention are preferably closed or open flat output means.
• the flat output means can be designed with or without a bevel gear.
• the flat output means can also have curved teeth, for example as part of an angular gear.
• the detection means according to the invention can also be assigned to a gear with curved teeth or can interact with this to detect the radial and / or tangential force acting on the gear.
• the present invention relates to a preferably hand-held or stationary screwing system, having the screwing device as described above and drive torque generating means connected to the flat output means on the drive side.
• the torque generating means are preferably in the form of a manually operated or automatic screwdriver.
• a stationary screwing system is preferably understood to mean a screwing system which is permanently installed or built into a production unit, for example a robot cell, and which can preferably be operated by an automatic controller.
• Fig. 1 a perspective view of the invention
• Screw system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; 2: a perspective view of the flat output means according to the invention with the housing partially removed;
• 3a a perspective view of a gear wheel cooperating with the detection means
• FIGS. 3a and 3b a perspective view of the force transducer according to FIGS. 3a and 3b;
• Fig. 3d a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the force transducer; 4a: a perspective view of a further preferred one
• FIG. 4b a sectional view of the gear wheel cooperating with the detection means according to FIG. 4a;
• Detection means cooperating gear applied forces.
• Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the screw device 10 according to the invention for applying a torque to a screw partner 20 such as a screw.
• the screwing device 10 comprises flat output means 1 having an output 1 b that can be detachably connected to the screw partner 20 and a drive 1 a, which can be acted upon manually or mechanically with a drive torque, for example via an interposed angular and / or conical toothing 31.
• the screwing device 10 can preferably be selectively connected to a screwing tool 30, whereby the screwing system 40 according to the invention is formed.
• the screwing tool 30 can be a commercially available tool and motorized, e.g. electrically or pneumatically, input a torque via the angle and / or bevel teeth 31 into the flat output means 1 of the screwing device 10.
• the drive torque thus introduced is transmitted by the flat output means 1 in the manner described below to a tool 32 arranged as output 1b for screw actuation of the screwing partner 20.
• the screwing device 10 has a flat housing 30, which is preferably formed from essentially two uniformly designed housing halves 30a, 30b.
• the housing 30 preferably has a maximum fleas or width b of 30 mm, more preferably of 20 mm.
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the flat output drive means 1 according to the invention with the housing partially removed.
• the flat output means 1 have a drive assembly 2, for example, for interaction with the angle and / or bevel gearing 31 provided on the drive side, and an output assembly 3 for Cooperation with the screw partner 20, for example via a tool 32 connected to it and arranged on the output side.
• the flat output means 1 preferably have a plurality of gears 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, which form a gear arrangement between the drive 1a and the output 1b of the flat output means 1.
• the gearwheels are preferably straight-toothed gearwheels which, for example, implement a gear ratio of 1: 1.
• the gears can also be implemented as helical gears, in a departure from the illustration in FIG. 2. A gear ratio that deviates from this can also be implemented.
• the gear wheels are preferably arranged axially parallel in the housing 30 and extend linearly along a longitudinal extension of the housing 30 in which they are rotatably arranged.
• the gears can be partially comprised by the drive or output assembly 2, 3.
• the drive assembly 2 and the output assembly 3 preferably each have a toothing or a gear 4a, 4e, which is in operative connection with the remaining gearwheels of the gear arrangement.
• the drive or output assembly 2, 3 can each be formed by a gear 4a, 4e.
• Such flat output means 1 are provided and suitable for transmitting a maximum torque of approx. 200 Nm.
• a normal efficiency of such a straight-toothed gear arrangement is between approx. 85% and 95% (ie the ratio of an output-side torque at 4e to an input-side torque at 4a), depending on the lubrication conditions and the fine design of the gears.
• Detection means 5 which are designed to provide measured values for determining and / or monitoring an output torque acting on the screwing partner 20 on the output side, are arranged between the drive assembly 2 and the output assembly 3.
• the detection means 5 are assigned to a preferably straight-toothed gear 4d or are in operative connection therewith.
• the gear 4d connected to the detection means 5 is preferably arranged in a meshing manner with the gear 4e of the output assembly 3.
• the gearwheel 4d connected to the detection means 5 can also be encompassed directly by the output assembly 3 or form it.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram in which the linear arrangement of the straight-toothed gear group 4c, 4d, 4e shown in FIG. 2 is shown schematically.
• the respective tangential or circumferential forces F 1a , F 1b and F 2a , F 2b act in the Y-direction shown during toothing engagement and thus essentially orthogonally to a direction of extent X of the gear arrangement 4c, 4d, 4e.
• the origin of the force in meshing engagement is shown as an example on both sides. The magnitude of the forces only differs by a possible loss of efficiency within a gear stage.
• the detection means 5 are therefore preferably arranged in the line of action of the resulting force applied to the gearwheel 4d or arranged in such a way that they can detect the forces occurring in or along the line of action.
• the 3a shows a perspective view of the gearwheel 4d and the detection means 5 associated with it or associated therewith.
• the detection means 5 have a preferably essentially disk-shaped force transducer 5a, for example in the form of a spoked wheel (see also FIG. 3c), which is integrally formed and / or firmly, in particular non-rotatably, connected to an axis of rotation 19 of the gearwheel 4a.
• the force transducer 5a is rotatably mounted in the housing 30a, 30b, for example by means of axially arranged bores 9a, 9b and connecting pins (not shown) received therein.
• the force transducer 5a can also be stored in the housing in a form-secured manner.
• the force transducer 5a can have an outer, for example essentially trapezoidal, shape (cf. FIG. 3d), which can be received or stored in a corresponding recess in the housing 30a, 30b in a manner secure against rotation.
• the force transducer 5a is preferably arranged on an end face 6a of the gear 4d or the axis of rotation 19 of the gear 4d.
• the detection means 5 preferably have two force transducers 5a, preferably of the same design, which are arranged on two opposite end faces 6a, 6b of the gearwheel 4a or the axis of rotation 19 of the gearwheel 4d (cf. FIG. 3b).
• the gearwheel 4d preferably comprises the central axis of rotation 19 with a bore 19a arranged therein, which is designed for preferably non-rotatable arrangement in the flat output means 1 and / or for guiding sensor lines or wiring 13 belonging to the detection means 5.
• the axle 19 preferably has an axially protruding section 19b at both ends, which is designed to support and / or connect to the at least one force transducer 5a.
• the section 19b can engage in a central bore 8 of the force transducer 5a, preferably in a non-rotating manner.
• a spacer or drilling disk 21 can be arranged on a force transducer 5a and a main axis body of the axis 19.
• a toothed ring 22 of the gear 4d is preferably arranged to be freely rotatable on the axis 19 by means of a needle bearing 23.
• the force transducer 5a has a central bore 8 for connecting the force transducer 5a to the axis of rotation 19 and / or for guiding sensor lines 13.
• the force transducer 5a preferably has a circular outer contour.
• An outer diameter d or a maximum radial extension of the force transducer 5a is preferably smaller or essentially corresponds to the root circle of the gear wheel 4d.
• a thickness t of the force transducer 5a is preferably between 1 and 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm.
• the force transducer 5a has at least two, preferably opposite, radial struts or webs 7a, 7b and preferably essentially arcuate recesses 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d in between.
• the force transducer 5a can be formed from an inner circle 18a and an outer circle 18b formed coaxially with this inner circle with radially extending struts or webs 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d.
• the force transducer 5a has integrated or attached force sensor means which are designed to detect a compressive and / or tensile force in the radial and / or tangential direction to the gearwheel 4d applied as a bearing reaction force on the force transducer and thus on the bearing axis 19 non-rotatably connected to it.
• the force sensor means are formed by strain gauges 12a, 12b attached to the force transducer 5a.
• struts 7a, 7b of the force transducer 5a are arranged on the radially extending and preferably opposite struts 7a, 7b of the force transducer 5a and can therefore, in particular, apply a pressure acting in these struts and / or detect tensile force during the interaction of the assigned gear 4d with the gears 4c, 4e meshing therewith.
• the struts 7a, 7b or the force sensor means 12a, 12b are preferably arranged along or parallel to an effective line W of the resulting force applied to the gearwheel 4d in the respective gear arrangement (see also FIG. 6).
• the sensor cabling 13 can output a signal that is otherwise customary and known for the subsequent processing and evaluation.
• the strain gauges as force sensor means generate a voltage change due to elastic deformation by radial forces, which is provided for electronic signal evaluation and in particular for determining and / or monitoring a torque on the output side.
• the device can also have means for wireless signal transmission (not shown).
• the signal evaluation can be carried out with computing means (not shown) assigned to the device or connectable to it, which compute or monitor the associated or applied torque, for example based on an output voltage signal. This can be done, for example, based on comparison tables stored in a database.
• the force sensor signal can be used to achieve the object according to the invention in a negligible loss of this torque pairing to solve the task according to the invention reproduce or monitor the actual output-side torque ratios at the flat output means in a precise, interference-free and reproducible manner.
• 4a and 4b show a further preferred embodiment of the detection means 5 according to the invention, the force transducer 5a having hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means.
• the force transducer (s) 5a has at least one or, preferably, two suitable chambers 14a, 14b in the form of recesses or cavities, in which a suitable fluid is arranged or introduced.
• the chambers 14a, 14b are preferably arranged opposite one another in the force transducer 5a and mirrored along an axis A dividing the force transducer 5a in half.
• a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure change occurring in the chambers 14a, 14b due to the interaction of the gear 4d with the intermeshing gears 4c, 4e can be detected by means of suitable pressure sensors assigned to the chambers 14a, 14b.
• a transmission to pressure sensors arranged externally to the force transducer 5a can take place by means of suitable lines 14c, 14d.
• the chambers 14a, 14b can each have a filling and / or ventilation opening 24, which can be selectively closed with an associated stopper (not shown). A corresponding electronic signal output can then take place through the sensor means, by means of which it is possible to infer the torque applied to the gearwheel 4d.
• the detection means 5 preferably have two force transducers 5a, which are arranged on both end faces 6a, 6b of the gear 4d or the axis of rotation 19.
• the respective chambers 14a, 14b are preferably connected or coupled by means of channels 25 preferably formed in the axis of rotation 19 or guided therein.
• Fig. 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the detection means 5 according to the invention, wherein the force transducer 5a a Has graphene-containing polymer mass with variable electrical conductivity as sensor means.
• the force transducer 5a has at least one or preferably two suitable chambers 15a, 15b in the form of recesses or cavities, in which the graphene-containing polymer mass is introduced and which is in contact with respective associated electrical lines 16a, 16b and 17a, 17b.
• the chambers 15a, 15b are preferably mirrored along an axis B dividing the force transducer 5a in half.
• Radially extending spring elements 26 are preferably arranged as supporting structural elements within the chambers 15a, 15b.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
• Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
• Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-08-02 ES ES19189731T patent/ES2943491T3/es active Active
  • 2019-08-02 ES ES23154666T patent/ES3041661T3/es active Active
  • 2019-08-02 EP EP23154666.4A patent/EP4197696B1/de active Active
  • 2019-08-02 EP EP19189731.3A patent/EP3771519B1/de active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-06-18 CN CN202080061955.1A patent/CN114375242A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-06-18 JP JP2022506605A patent/JP7602810B2/ja active Active
  • 2020-06-18 KR KR1020227005602A patent/KR102726000B1/ko active Active
  • 2020-06-18 US US17/631,671 patent/US12128530B2/en active Active
  • 2020-06-18 WO PCT/EP2020/066949 patent/WO2021023422A1/de not_active Ceased

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