WO2021022949A1 - 环网控制器及控制方法 - Google Patents

环网控制器及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021022949A1
WO2021022949A1 PCT/CN2020/099633 CN2020099633W WO2021022949A1 WO 2021022949 A1 WO2021022949 A1 WO 2021022949A1 CN 2020099633 W CN2020099633 W CN 2020099633W WO 2021022949 A1 WO2021022949 A1 WO 2021022949A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring network
network controller
voltage
circuit
mechanical switch
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PCT/CN2020/099633
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴朝波
张永征
邓占锋
尉志勇
李卫国
陈国富
刘宗烨
Original Assignee
全球能源互联网研究院有限公司
国家电网有限公司
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Publication of WO2021022949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021022949A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of live loop closure of a distribution network, for example, to a ring network controller and a control method.
  • the medium and low voltage distribution network adopts a closed-loop design and open-loop operation power supply mode, that is, a ring network is operated in unlooped mode, and the power supplies on both sides supply power for part of the load.
  • the step of unwinding operation is to open at the target un-looping position first, and then close at the original un-looping position, that is, "open before close”. This process will cause partial load power outages. If the “close first and then open” non-stop method of “close first and then open” is used to open at the original un-ring position (that is, the loop-closing operation first) and then at the target un-ring position, the number of power outages can be reduced and the reliability of power supply can be improved.
  • the present application provides a ring network controller and a control method to solve the problem of ring closure impact when the distribution network is closed in the related art.
  • This application provides a ring network controller, which is connected in series at the bus outlet of a ring network circuit, and includes:
  • the lightning arrester is connected in parallel with the switch device, and the control device is connected with the switch device;
  • the control device is configured to collect ring network circuit data, and control the opening or closing of the switch device according to the ring network circuit data;
  • the lightning arrester is set to perform overvoltage protection
  • the switchgear is configured to construct breakpoints and eliminate breakpoints, and to take on voltage differences.
  • a control method of the ring network controller including:
  • the control device in the ring network controller installed at the outlet of the ring network circuit bus controls the opening of the switch device in the ring network controller according to the collected ring network circuit data To construct breakpoints and eliminate the ring-closing impact in the ring network circuit;
  • the control device controls the switching device to close and eliminate the breakpoint, bypass the lightning arrester, and restore the ring network circuit voltage according to the collected ring network circuit data.
  • Figure 1 is a structural effect diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a ring network controller in a single ring network connection according to this application;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a ring network controller in the double ring network connection of this application;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a ring network controller in the N supply and one backup wiring of this application;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a ring network controller in the N-1 wiring of this application;
  • Fig. 6 is a first implementation diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a second implementation diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a third implementation diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a fourth implementation diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 10 is a fifth implementation diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a sixth implementation diagram of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the first operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the second operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the third operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of the fourth operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the fifth operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the sixth operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the seventh operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the eighth operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the ninth operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the tenth operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the eleventh operating principle of a ring network controller of this application.
  • This application provides a ring network controller, which is connected in series at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit, and includes:
  • the lightning arrester is connected in parallel with the switch device, and the control device is connected with the switch device;
  • the control device is configured to collect ring network circuit data, and control the opening or closing of the switch device according to the ring network circuit data;
  • the lightning arrester is set to perform overvoltage protection
  • the switchgear is set to construct breakpoints and eliminate breakpoints, and bear the corresponding voltage difference.
  • the switching device may be one or more of mechanical switches and power electronic devices.
  • the switch device includes:
  • the mechanical switches and power electronic devices are connected in series or in parallel with the arrester in parallel;
  • the mechanical switch and power electronic device are also connected with the control device.
  • the power electronic device is configured to withstand the short-circuit impulse current of the ring network circuit.
  • the mechanical switch is set to withstand the short-circuit impulse current of the ring network circuit, and the end-to-end withstand voltage level of the mechanical switch may not be equal to the ground insulation voltage level of the mechanical switch;
  • the mechanical switch is set to be capable of three-phase separate action or three-phase linkage.
  • the arrester can be a metal oxide arrester, a valve arrester, a metal oxide arrester in series with a resistive and inductive element, or a valve arrester in series with a resistive and inductive element;
  • the continuous operating voltage of the arrester is greater than the maximum breaking voltage at the installation of the ring network controller during steady-state operation.
  • control device includes:
  • the control module is connected with the mechanical switch and the power electronic device
  • the measurement module is configured to collect current data flowing through the ring network controller and collect voltage data near the load side or near the busbar side, and formulate an opening instruction or a closing instruction according to the current and voltage data;
  • the control module is configured to control the mechanical switch to be cut off or closed according to the opening instruction or the closing instruction;
  • the voltage data on the near-load side includes: the instantaneous voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller and the instantaneous value of the voltage on the near-load side;
  • the voltage data near the busbar side includes one of the following: the instantaneous value of the voltage near the busbar and the instantaneous voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller; or the instantaneous value of the voltage near the busbar and the instantaneous value of the voltage near the load side.
  • the measurement module may be a conventional transformer or sensor.
  • the measurement of the instantaneous voltage difference in the measurement module can be implemented by using a breakdown diode BOD to reflect the instantaneous voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller;
  • the breakdown diode BOD is arranged in parallel at both ends of the ring network controller
  • the breakdown voltage of the breakdown diode BOD is equal to the set instantaneous threshold of the voltage difference.
  • control device may be a device for voltage energy supply.
  • the lightning arrester, power electronic device, mechanical switch, measurement module and control module are fixedly installed at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit.
  • the lightning arrester, power electronic device and mechanical switch are fixedly installed at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit;
  • the measurement module and the control module are used as moving parts to be connected with the lightning arrester, power electronic device and mechanical switch.
  • the lightning arrester, power electronics, mechanical switch, measurement module and control module can be installed as moving parts at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit .
  • a ring network controller is installed between the bus outlets on both sides of the ring network circuit and the corresponding first load respectively.
  • the ring network controller can be installed in the substation where the bus bar exits, on the line between the bus bar exit to the first ring network cabinet, the low voltage side of the first box-type transformer after the bus bar exits, and the bus bar exit Inside the first ring network cabinet or next to the first ring network cabinet after the busbar goes out.
  • the ring network controller is installed at the outlets of the two busbars of the single ring network, and a total of two ring network controllers are installed in the single ring network wiring line;
  • the ring network controller is installed at the outlets of the four busbars of the double ring network, and a total of four ring network controllers are installed in the lines of the double ring network connection;
  • the ring network controller When the ring network circuit is N for a spare wiring and distribution network, the ring network controller is installed at the outlets of all the busbars of the N for a spare wiring and distribution network, and N+1 is required to be installed in the line of N for a spare wiring. Taiwan ring network controller;
  • the ring network controller When the ring network circuit is an N-1 wiring distribution network, the ring network controller is installed at all bus outlets of the N-1 wiring distribution network, and a total of N ring network controllers need to be installed in the N-1 wiring line .
  • the ring network controller in the technical solution provided by this application is connected in series at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit, and includes: a lightning arrester, a switch device, and a control device; the lightning arrester is connected in parallel with the switch device; the control device is connected to the
  • the switchgear connection is used to collect ring network circuit data, and control the switchgear to open or close according to the ring network circuit data; the lightning arrester is used for overvoltage protection; the switchgear is used to construct Breakpoints and eliminate breakpoints bear the corresponding voltage difference.
  • the switchgear can construct a break point when the loop is closed and when it is unlooped. Elimination of breakpoints effectively eliminates the loop-closing impact of the ring network circuit, solves the power outage problem in the process of transferring the line load due to line maintenance and other reasons, and improves the power supply reliability of important loads.
  • the ring network controller has a simple structure, including only lightning arresters, switch equipment and control equipment, and has the advantages of small changes to the distribution network, low cost and simple operation principle.
  • This embodiment provides a ring network controller, and the structural effect diagram is shown in FIG. 1.
  • a ring network controller consists of a lightning arrester and a switch, which are connected in series in the circuit.
  • the switches in the ring network controller can use traditional switches with contacts, or power electronic devices, or the two are connected in series or parallel.
  • the switches in the ring network controller can be power electronic devices such as thyristors, or traditional switches can be connected in series with resistive and inductive components, or power electronic devices can be connected in series with resistive and inductive components, or the above two can be connected in parallel.
  • the role of mechanical switch equipment and thyristor equipment is to construct breakpoints and eliminate breakpoints, and bear the corresponding voltage difference.
  • the thyristor equipment should be able to withstand the short circuit surge current of the line.
  • the mechanical switchgear should be able to withstand the short circuit impulse current of the line, and the withstand voltage level between the mechanical switchgear terminals may not be equal to the insulation voltage level of the mechanical switchgear to the ground.
  • the ring network controller in this embodiment also includes a control device.
  • the control device includes a measurement module and a control module.
  • the measurement module is set to collect and calculate the effective value U 1 of the voltage at the connection between the ring network controller and the line. With the value U 2 and the direction of the active power P flowing through the device, the measuring module can use conventional transformers and sensors when measuring the voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller.
  • the measurement of the instantaneous voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller can be realized with a breakdown diode (Break Over Diode, BOD), which is used to reflect the instantaneous voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller, that is, the two ends of the ring network controller are connected in parallel. Wear diode BOD.
  • BOD Break Over Diode
  • the breakdown voltage of BOD is equal to U thr , U thr is the instantaneous value threshold of the voltage across the ring network controller set. Therefore, when the BOD breaks down, it can be considered that U 2 exceeds the set value U thr ; the control module is set to control the opening and closing of the mechanical switch device and the closing and triggering of the thyristor device according to the control signal.
  • the lightning arrester in the ring network controller can be a metal oxide arrester or a valve arrester, or a metal oxide arrester in series with resistive and inductive components, or a valve arrester with resistive and inductive components in series.
  • the continuous operating voltage of the arrester should be greater than the maximum breaking voltage that will appear at the installation location of the ring network controller during steady-state operation, to ensure the normal operation of the ring network controller during normal operation.
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling a ring network controller, which can be used to assist the non-power failure and uninterrupted operation, including:
  • the ring network controller collects and calculates the effective value U 1 of the voltage at the connection between the ring network controller and the line, the instantaneous voltage difference U 2 between the two ends and the direction of the active power P flowing through the device.
  • a ring network install two ring network controllers, respectively located at the outlet of the bus on both sides of the ring network.
  • the two ring network controllers are in conduction, and the buses on both sides normally supply power to their respective loads.
  • the ring network controller When the ring network controller detects that P ⁇ 0 and U 1 is greater than the set threshold U L , it will switch from the on state to the off state and execute the opening. From the occurrence of active power reverse (P ⁇ 0) to the completion of opening, the time taken should ensure that the fastest-acting line overcurrent protection in the line does not operate.
  • the ring network controller When the ring network controller detects that U 2 is greater than the set threshold U thr , it switches from the off state to the on state and performs closing. From the voltage at both ends greater than the threshold (U 2 >U thr ) to the completion of closing, the time should be within 10ms to ensure that there is no power quality problem such as voltage sag or even interruption on the line.
  • the opening time of the switch should be able to ensure that the fastest-acting line overcurrent protection in the line does not operate.
  • the opening time of the switch should be less than 0.3s.
  • the switch closing time should be less than 10ms to ensure that there is no power quality problem on the line.
  • the switch can be operated separately in three phases or linked in three phases.
  • the ring network controller collects the voltage at the connection between the ring network controller and the line, it can be obtained by measuring the instantaneous value of the line voltage near the busbar side or the line side of the module, or the instantaneous value of the three-phase phase voltage.
  • the ring network controller collects the voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller, it can be obtained by measuring the instantaneous value of the voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller, or by measuring the instantaneous value of the voltage on the bus side and the line side of the ring network controller. Bad get. To ensure that there is no power quality problem on the measurement line, the measurement delay should be less than 10ms.
  • the three-meter method can be used to obtain the magnitude and direction of the active power flowing through the ring network controller.
  • the product of the two is integrated to obtain the magnitude and direction of the active power flowing through the device.
  • the fundamental components of the voltage and current are orthogonally decomposed, and then the decomposed quantity is used to calculate the active power. Or orthogonally decompose the fundamental wave and multiple harmonic components of the voltage and current at the connection between the ring network controller and the line, and then calculate the active power corresponding to the fundamental wave and multiple harmonic components, and finally add them to get the flow The magnitude and direction of the active power of the device.
  • the angle between the voltage and current is calculated, and the direction of the active power flowing through the device is judged according to the angle.
  • the control device installed in the ring network controller at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit controls the control device in the ring network controller according to the collected ring network circuit data
  • the opening of the switchgear to construct a breakpoint and eliminate the impact of closing in the ring network circuit includes:
  • the measurement module in the control device collects current data flowing through the ring network controller in real time and collects voltage data near the load side or near the busbar side;
  • the measurement module formulates an opening instruction according to the current data flowing through the ring network controller and the voltage data near the load side or near the busbar side;
  • the control module controls the opening of the switchgear according to the opening instruction and eliminates the impact of closing in the ring network circuit.
  • the measurement module formulates an opening instruction according to the current data flowing through the ring network controller and the voltage data near the load side or near the busbar side, including:
  • the measurement module calculates the effective value of the voltage and the active power according to the current data flowing through the ring network controller and the voltage data near the load side or near the busbar side;
  • the measurement module judges whether the current loop network controller has active power reversal according to the active power. If active power reversal occurs and the effective value of the voltage near the load side or the near busbar side is greater than the first set threshold, then The opening signal is formulated, and the opening signal is not formulated in the case of at least one of the following: active power is not reversed, and the effective value of the voltage on the near-load side or the near-bus side is not greater than the first set threshold ;
  • the judgment of the active power forwarding includes:
  • the angle between the fundamental voltage component and the fundamental current component can be calculated, and the direction of the active power can be determined according to the angle;
  • the active power is forwarded; if the active power is injected into the load side, the active power is not forwarded.
  • control module to control the opening of the switch device according to the opening instruction includes:
  • the control module controls the mechanical switch in the switchgear to open according to the switch-off instruction, turns on the power electronic device in the switchgear after a first set delay, and cuts off the switch after a second set delay.
  • control device controls the switching device to close to eliminate breakpoints, bypass the arrester, and restore the ring network circuit voltage, including:
  • the control module controls the closing of the switching device according to the closing instruction, and quickly restores the ring network circuit voltage
  • the time taken is within 10 ms.
  • control module controlling the switching device to close according to the closing instruction includes:
  • the control module controls the triggering of the power electronic device and the closing of the mechanical switch according to the closing instruction, and cuts off the power electronic device after a third set delay;
  • the mechanical switch completes closing and carries the load current.
  • control module controlling the switching device to close according to the closing instruction further includes:
  • the control module controls the closing of the mechanical switch in the switchgear.
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling a ring network controller.
  • the function of the measuring device of the ring network controller is to measure the instantaneous voltage value U 1 of the ring network controller near the load side, the instantaneous value of the current i near the load side, and the instantaneous value U 2 of the voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller.
  • the function of the measurement sub-module is: take the effective value U 1 of the voltage at the connection between the ring network controller and the line and the instantaneous U 2 of the voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller as the input; calculate the effective voltage of the ring network controller near the load Value U 1rms and active power P; U L , U thr , active power threshold (0) are the setting values; compare U 1rms with U L , U 2 with U thr , P and 0, and judge whether to The thyristor device outputs a trigger signal, and whether to output a closing or opening signal to the mechanical switch device, and controls the operation through the control sub-module.
  • the ring network controller includes opening action logic and closing action logic.
  • Opening action logic if it is determined that P ⁇ 0 and U 1rms >U L , then immediately issue an opening command to the mechanical switchgear, and send a trigger command to the thyristor device after a delay of t1, and stop triggering the thyristor after the delay t2 .
  • the delay t1 and t1 should ensure that the thyristor has been triggered when the mechanical switch starts to open.
  • the delay t2 and delay t2 should ensure that the mechanical switch is opened and the arc has been extinguished before stopping the triggering of the thyristor.
  • Closing action logic if it is determined that U 2 > U thr , the thyristor device trigger signal and the mechanical switch device closing signal are sent out immediately. The thyristor device is triggered first, then the mechanical switch device is closed, and a delay after the mechanical switch device is closed Stop triggering the thyristor device after t3.
  • the time delay t3 and time delay t3 should ensure that the mechanical switch completes the closing action and carries the corresponding load current before stopping triggering the thyristor.
  • the ring network controller will immediately send a closing signal to the mechanical switchgear after determining U 2 > U thr , without sending a trigger signal to the thyristor device.
  • the two ring network controllers in the ring network are in the closed state; during the line fault, the closed state should be maintained, or due to the judgment U 2 > U thr and quickly switch to closed Gate state.
  • This embodiment provides an installation location and installation method of the ring network controller.
  • Two units are required to be installed in a ring network, which are located at the bus outlets on both sides of the ring network.
  • the two ring network controllers are in a conductive state, and the buses on both sides normally supply power to their respective loads.
  • the ring network controller can be installed in the substation at the bus outlet, on the line between the bus outlet and the first ring network cabinet, the low voltage side of the first box-type transformer after the bus outlet, or the first one after the bus outlet Inside or next to the ring network cabinet.
  • the lightning arrester, power electronic device and mechanical switch can be fixedly installed at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit;
  • the measurement module and the control module can be used as moving parts to be connected with the lightning arrester, power electronic device and mechanical switch when the loop is closed or unlooped in the ring network.
  • the lightning arrester, power electronic device, mechanical switch, measurement module, and control module can be used as moving parts to be combined in the ring network.
  • looping or unlooping it is connected with the original switchgear at the bus outlet, and installed at the bus outlet of the ring network circuit.
  • the ring network controller is installed at the outlet of the two busbars of the single ring network, and a total of two ring network controllers are installed in the single ring network wiring line, as shown in Figure 2. Show.
  • the ring network controller is installed at the outlets of the four busbars of the double ring network, and a total of four ring network controllers are installed in the lines of the double ring network connection, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the ring network controller When the ring network circuit is N for a spare wiring and distribution network, the ring network controller is installed at the outlets of all the busbars of the N for a spare wiring and distribution network, and N+1 is required to be installed in the line of N for a spare wiring.
  • a schematic diagram of a ring network controller is shown in Figure 4.
  • the ring network controller When the ring network circuit is an N-1 wiring distribution network, the ring network controller is installed at all bus outlets of the N-1 wiring distribution network, and a total of N ring network controllers need to be installed in the N-1 wiring line ,
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 5.
  • the ring network controller A When the ring network controller A detects P ⁇ 0 and U 1 > U L , it switches from the on state to the off state, and the ring network controller B does not act. The entire load is temporarily supplied by the 10kV bus B, and the closing inrush current disappears, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the inlet voltage of the ring network controller is the voltage of 10kV bus A, and the outlet voltage drops rapidly. Therefore, the voltage difference between the two ends of the ring network controller is getting bigger and bigger.
  • the ring network controller A detects U 2 > U thr and quickly switches from the off state to the on state, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the fault may occur in 1, 2, 3 or other positions in Figure 11.
  • the ring network controllers A and B remain in the on state, or because U 2 > U thr is detected, they quickly switch from the off state to the on state.
  • This embodiment illustrates the operating principle of the ring network controller.
  • the ring network controller acts as follows:
  • Ring network controller B does not act. A controller determines that the ring network active power returns, immediately issued opening command S A, after a delay time t1 to the trigger signal T A, T A S A trigger before completion of opening, as shown in FIG.
  • Process 2 S A sub-gate 15 shown in FIG.
  • Process 3 after t2 shown stop triggering T A, T A off, S A break point is formed, by all loads within the ring power supply bus B, as shown by time delay 16.
  • a ring network controller detects the U 2A> U thr, triggering T A, S A closing command issued, as shown in FIG.
  • Ring A controller detects the U 2A> U thr, closing command issued S A, S A closing.
  • the ring network controller device When a short-circuit fault occurs in the ring network circuit, the ring network controller device should maintain or switch to the state where the mechanical switch equipment is closed and the thyristor equipment is cut off. During the loop closing operation, the ring network controller has formed a disconnection point, and a ground short-circuit fault occurs in the ring network as an example.
  • ArA acts to limit the voltage, as shown in Figure 20. Then, conduction and triggering T A, as shown in FIG. 21; and finally, S A closing, through the corresponding delay, stop triggering T A, shown in Figure 22.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use one or more computer-usable storage media (including disk storage, compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes. The form of a computer program product implemented on it.
  • CD-ROM compact Disc Read Only Memory
  • optical storage etc.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in a flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and/or a block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种环网控制器及控制方法，所述环网控制器安装在环网电路的母线出线处，包括：避雷器、开关设备和控制设备；避雷器与开关设备并联；控制设备与开关设备连接，控制设备设置为采集环网电路数据，并根据环网电路数据控制开关设备分闸或合闸；避雷器设置为进行过电压保护；开关设备设置为构造断点和消除断点，承担构造断点和消除断点分别对应的电压差。

Description

环网控制器及控制方法
本申请要求在2019年08月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910712762.7的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及配电网带电合环领域，例如涉及一种环网控制器及控制方法。
背景技术
电网用户对于供电可靠性的要求越来越高，例如一些工业用户对于停电十分敏感，短时停电都有可能造成很大的经济损失，然而配网停电检修频率较高，配网的电压等级不限于10kV，至少包括6kV、10kV、20kV或35kV。中低压配网采用闭环设计、开环运行的供电方式，即一个环网解环运行，两侧电源分别为一部分负荷供电。在倒负荷和线路检修时，并解操作的步骤为先在目标解环位置分闸，后在原解环位置合闸，即“先分后合”，此过程会造成部分负荷停电。若采用先在原解环位置合闸(即先进行合环操作)，然后在目标解环位置分闸这种“先合后分”的不停电方法，则可减少停电次数，提高供电可靠性。
然而，若直接进行不停电并解操作会有较大风险。其原因为，如果在开环运行的配网中直接进行合环操作，存在如下问题：由于合环点两端在合环前存在电压差，合环时会产生很大的冲击电流，合环后存在电磁环网的环流；该合环冲击也可能引起配网中继电保护的误动作，造成故障；且现场的合环操作都是在运行人员的经验指导下进行判断，合环操作的结果存在非常高的随机性，可能对相关设备和操作人员的安全造成隐患。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种环网控制器及控制方法，以解决相关技术中所存在的在对配网合环时出现合环冲击的问题。
本申请提供一种环网控制器，所述环网控制器串接在环网电路的母线出线处，包括：
避雷器、开关设备和控制设备；
所述避雷器与所述开关设备并联，以及所述控制设备与所述开关设备连接；
所述控制设备设置为采集环网电路数据，并根据所述环网电路数据控制所述开关设备的分闸或合闸；
所述避雷器设置为进行过电压保护；
所述开关设备设置为构造断点和消除断点，以及承担电压差。
还提供一种环网控制器的控制方法，包括：
在环网电路合环的情况下，安装在所述环网电路母线出线处的环网控制器中的控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述环网控制器中的开关设备分闸以构造断点，以及消除所述环网电路中的合环冲击；
在所述环网电路解环的情况下，所述控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述开关设备合闸消除断点，旁路避雷器，以及恢复环网电路电压。
附图说明
图1为本申请的一种环网控制器的结构效果图；
图2为本申请的一种环网控制器在单环网接线中的安装示意图；
图3为本申请的一种环网控制器在双环网接线中的安装示意图；
图4为本申请的一种环网控制器在N供一备接线中的安装示意图；
图5为本申请的一种环网控制器在N-1接线中的安装示意图；
图6为本申请的一种环网控制器的第一实施图；
图7为本申请的一种环网控制器的第二实施图；
图8为本申请的一种环网控制器的第三实施图；
图9为本申请的一种环网控制器的第四实施图；
图10为本申请的一种环网控制器的第五实施图；
图11为本申请的一种环网控制器的第六实施图；
图12为本申请的一种环网控制器的第一运行原理示意图；
图13为本申请的一种环网控制器的第二运行原理示意图；
图14为本申请的一种环网控制器的第三运行原理示意图；
图15为本申请的一种环网控制器的第四运行原理示意图；
图16为本申请的一种环网控制器的第五运行原理示意图；
图17为本申请的一种环网控制器的第六运行原理示意图；
图18为本申请的一种环网控制器的第七运行原理示意图；
图19为本申请的一种环网控制器的第八运行原理示意图；
图20为本申请的一种环网控制器的第九运行原理示意图；
图21为本申请的一种环网控制器的第十运行原理示意图；
图22为本申请的一种环网控制器的第十一运行原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和实例对本申请的内容进行说明。
本申请提供一种环网控制器，所述环网控制器串接在所述环网电路的母线出线处，包括：
避雷器、开关设备和控制设备；
所述避雷器与所述开关设备并联，以及所述控制设备与所述开关设备连接；
所述控制设备设置为采集环网电路数据，并根据所述环网电路数据控制所述开关设备的分闸或合闸；
所述避雷器设置为进行过电压保护；
所述开关设备设置为构造断点和消除断点，承担相应的电压差。
可选的，所述开关设备可为机械开关、电力电子器件中的一种或者多种。
可选的，所述开关设备，包括：
机械开关和电力电子器件；
所述机械开关、电力电子器件串联或并联后与避雷器并联；
所述机械开关和电力电子器件还与所述控制设备连接。
可选的，所述电力电子器件设置为耐受所述环网电路的短路冲击电流。
可选的，所述机械开关设置为耐受所述环网电路的短路冲击电流，且所述机械开关的端间耐受电压等级可以不等于所述机械开关对地绝缘电压等级；
所述机械开关设置为可三相分开动作或三相联动。
可选的，避雷器可为金属氧化物避雷器、阀型避雷器、金属氧化物避雷器串联阻感性元件或阀型避雷器串联阻感性元件；
所述避雷器的持续运行电压大于稳态运行时环网控制器安装处出现的最大 断口电压。
可选的，所述控制设备，包括：
相互连接的测量模块和控制模块；
所述控制模块与所述机械开关和电力电子器件连接；
所述测量模块，设置为采集流过环网控制器的电流数据和采集近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据，并根据所述电流和电压数据制定分闸指令或合闸指令；
所述控制模块设置为：根据所述分闸指令或合闸指令控制所述机械开关切断或闭合；
所述近负荷侧的电压数据，包括：环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差、近负荷侧的电压瞬时值；
所述近母线侧的电压数据，包括以下之一：近母线侧的电压瞬时值和环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差；或近母线侧的电压瞬时值和近负荷侧的电压瞬时值。
可选的，所述测量模块可为常规互感器或传感器。
可选的，所述测量模块中电压瞬时差测量可以用击穿二极管BOD来实现，用于反应所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差；
所述击穿二极管BOD设置为并联在所述环网控制器两端；
所述击穿二极管BOD的击穿电压与设定的电压差瞬时阈值相等。
可选的，所述控制设备可为电压取能供能的设备。
可选的，所述避雷器、电力电子器件、机械开关、测量模块和控制模块固定安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处。
可选的，所述避雷器、电力电子器件和机械开关固定安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处；
在所述环网电路进行合环或解环时，所述测量模块和控制模块作为移动部分与所述避雷器、电力电子器件和机械开关进行连接。
可选的，当所述环网电路的母线出线处有开关设备时，所述避雷器、电力电子器件、机械开关、测量模块和控制模块可作为移动部分安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处。
可选的，所述环网电路的两侧母线出线处到各自对应的第一个负荷之间，分别安装一台环网控制器。
可选的，所述环网控制器可安装在母线出线处变电站内、母线出线到第一 个环网柜之间的线路上、母线出线后第一个箱式变压器内低压一侧、母线出线后第一个环网柜内部或母线出线后第一个环网柜旁边。
可选的，当所述环网电路为单环网时，所述环网控制器安装在单环网的两条母线出线处，单环网接线的线路中共安装两台环网控制器；
当所述环网电路为双环网时，所述环网控制器安装在双环网的四条母线出线处，双环网接线的线路中共安装四台环网控制器；
当所述环网电路为N供一备接线配网时，所述环网控制器安装在N供一备接线配网的所有母线出线处，N供一备接线的线路中共需安装N+1台环网控制器；
当所述环网电路为N-1接线配网时，所述环网控制器安装在N-1接线配网的所有母线出线处，N-1接线的线路中共需安装N台环网控制器。
本申请提供的技术方案中的环网控制器串接在所述环网电路的母线出线处，包括：避雷器、开关设备和控制设备；所述避雷器与所述开关设备并联；所述控制设备与所述开关设备连接，用于采集环网电路数据，并根据所述环网电路数据控制所述开关设备分闸或合闸；所述避雷器用于进行过电压保护；所述开关设备用于构造断点和消除断点，承担相应的电压差。通过在环网电路两侧母线出线处安装本方案的环网控制器，可以实现在对环网检修时，先合环后解环，开关设备通过在合环时构造断点且在解环时消除断点，有效地消除了环网电路的合环冲击，解决了因线路检修时等原因在转移线路负荷过程中的停电问题，提高了重要负荷的供电可靠性。
本方案中环网控制器结构简单，仅包括避雷器、开关设备和控制设备，且对配网改动小，具有成本小、操作原理简单等优点。
实施例1：
本实施例提供了一种环网控制器，结构效果图如图1所示。
在一实施例中，一个环网控制器由一个避雷器和一个开关组成，串联于线路中。
环网控制器中的开关可以使用触点的传统开关，或电力电子器件，或上述二者串联、并联。环网控制器中的开关可为晶闸管等电力电子器件，也可以使用传统开关串联阻感性元件，或电力电子器件串联阻感性元件，或上述二者并联。机械开关设备、晶闸管设备的作用为构造断点和消除断点，承担相应的电压差。
晶闸管设备应能耐受线路短路冲击电流。
机械开关设备应能耐受线路短路冲击电流，并且机械开关设备端间耐受电压等级可以不等于机械开关设备对地绝缘电压等级。
本实施例中的环网控制器还包括控制设备，控制设备包括测量模块和控制模块，测量模块设置为采集并计算出环网控制器与线路连接处电压有效值U 1，两端电压差瞬时值U 2，和流过装置的有功功率P的方向，测量模块在测量环网控制器两端电压差时，可以采用常规互感器、传感器。环网控制器两端电压瞬时差测量可以用击穿二极管(Break Over Diode，BOD)来实现，用于反应所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差，即在环网控制器两端并联击穿二极管BOD。BOD的击穿电压等于U thr，U thr为设定的环网控制器两端的电压瞬时值阈值。所以，当BOD击穿时，可以认为U 2超过整定值U thr；控制模块设置为根据控制信号控制机械开关设备的分闸和合闸、控制晶闸管设备的截止和触发。
环网控制器中的避雷器可以是金属氧化物避雷器或阀型避雷器，也可以是金属氧化物避雷器串联阻感性元件，或阀型避雷器串联阻感性元件。避雷器的持续运行电压应大于稳态运行时环网控制器安装处会出现的最大断口电压，保证正常并解操作期间环网控制器的正常工作。
实施例2：
本实施例提供了一种环网控制器的控制方法，利用该环网控制器可辅助不停电并解操作，包括：
环网控制器采集并计算出环网控制器与线路连接处电压有效值U 1，两端电压差瞬时U 2和流过装置的有功功率P的方向。
一环网内，安装2台环网控制器，分别位于环网两侧母线的出线处。正常运行时，两环网控制器呈导通状，两侧母线正常为各自负荷供电。
线路合环期间，若产生合环冲击电流，仅一个环网控制器动作，形成断点，将该环网控制器安装侧的母线与环网其余部分断开，环网内所有负荷暂由另一侧母线供电。
线路解环后，保证环网恢复正常开环运行状态。
当环网控制器检测到P＜0且U 1大于设定的阈值U L，则由导通状态切换至断开状态，执行分闸。从出现有功功率倒送(P＜0)至分闸完成，所用时间应确保线路中动作最快的线路过流保护不动作。
当环网控制器检测到U 2大于设定的阈值U thr，则由断开状态切换至导通状态，执行合闸。从两端电压大于阈值(U 2＞U thr)至合闸完成，所用时间应在10ms以内，保证线路上不产生电压暂降甚至中断的电能质量问题。
开关分闸时间应能确保线路中动作最快的线路过流保护不动作。开关分闸时间应小于0.3s。开关合闸时间应小于10ms，保证线路上不产生电能质量问题。开关可以三相分开动作，也可三相联动。
环网控制器采集环网控制器与线路连接处电压时，可通过测量模块靠近母线侧或线路侧的线电压瞬时值，或三相相电压瞬时值得到。
环网控制器采集环网控制器两端电压差时，可通过测量环网控制器两端电压差瞬时值得到，或通过分别测量环网控制器母线侧和线路侧的电压瞬时值，再做差得到。为保证测量线路上不产生电能质量问题，此测量延时应小于10ms。
环网控制器判断流过装置的有功功率方向时，可以采用三表法得到流过环网控制器的有功功率大小及方向。
测量环网控制器与线路连接处电压、电流后，将二者的乘积进行积分运算，得到流过装置的有功功率大小及方向。
测量环网控制器与线路连接处电压、电流后，对电压、电流的基波分量进行正交分解，再利用分解量计算有功功率。或对环网控制器与线路连接处电压、电流基波及多个谐波分量分别进行正交分解，再计算出基波、多个谐波分量分别对应的有功功率，最后加和，得到流过装置的有功功率大小及方向。
测量环网控制器与线路连接处电压、电流后，计算电压、电流的夹角，根据夹角大小判断流过装置的有功功率方向。
可选的，当所述环网电路合环时，安装在所述环网电路母线出线处的环网控制器中的控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述环网控制器中的开关设备分闸以构造断点，以及消除所述环网电路中的合环冲击，包括：
所述控制设备中的测量模块实时采集流过环网控制器的电流数据和采集近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据；
所述环网电路合环时，所述测量模块根据所述流过环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据，制定分闸指令；
所述控制模块根据所述分闸指令，控制所述开关设备分闸，以及消除所述环网电路中的合环冲击。
可选的，所述环网电路合环时，所述测量模块根据所述流过环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据，制定分闸指令，包括：
所述测量模块根据所述流过环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据计算得到电压有效值和有功功率；
所述测量模块根据所述有功功率判断当前环网控制器是否出现有功功率倒送，若出现有功功率倒送且所述近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压有效值大于第一设定阈值，则制定分闸信号，在以下至少之一的情况下，不制定分闸信号：有功功率非倒送、所述近负荷侧或者所述近母线侧的电压有效值不大于所述第一设定阈值；
从出现有功功率倒送至所述开关设备分闸完成，所用时间应确保线路中动作最快的线路过流保护不动作。
可选的，所述有功功率倒送的判断，包括：
通过测量模块采集流过环网控制器的电流瞬时值和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压瞬时值；
可以通过计算所述电压基波分量和电流基波分量的夹角，并根据夹角大小确定有功功率的方向；
若所述有功功率注入母线侧，则有功功率倒送；若所述有功功率注入负荷侧，则有功功率非倒送。
可选的，所述控制模块根据所述分闸指令，控制所述开关设备分闸，包括：
所述控制模块根据所述分闸指令，控制开关设备中的机械开关分闸，在第一设定延时后导通开关设备中的电力电子器件，在第二设定延时后截止所述电力电子器件；
达到所述第一设定延时时，所述机械开关还未开始分闸；
达到所述第二设定延时时，所述机械开关已经分闸且弧熄。
可选的，所述控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述开关设备合闸消除断点，旁路所述避雷器，恢复环网电路电压，包括：
通过控制设备中的测量模块采集所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差；
若所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差大于第二设定阈值，则制定合闸指令；
所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制所述开关设备合闸，以及快速恢复环网电路电压；
从所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差大于第二设定阈值的时刻至所述开关设备合闸完成，所用时间在10ms以内。
可选的，所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制所述开关设备合闸，包括：
所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制电力电子器件触发和机械开关合闸，在第三设定延时后截止所述电力电子器件；
达到所述第三设定延时时，所述机械开关完成合闸并承载负荷电流。
可选的，所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制所述开关设备合闸，还包括：
所述控制模块控制所述开关设备中的机械开关合闸。
实施例3：
本实施例提供了一种环网控制器的控制方法。
所述环网控制器，测量装置的作用为测量环网控制器靠近负荷侧的电压瞬时值U 1，靠近负荷侧的电流瞬时值i，和环网控制器两端电压差瞬时值U 2。
测量子模块的作用为：以环网控制器与线路连接处电压有效值U 1，和环网控制器两端电压差瞬时U 2为输入量；计算出环网控制器靠近负荷侧的电压有效值U 1rms及有功功率P；以U L、U thr、有功功率阈值(0)为整定值；将U 1rms与U L、U 2与U thr、P与0进行比较，根据比较结果判断是否向晶闸管设备输出触发信号，以及是否向机械开关设备输出合闸或分闸信号，并通过控制子模块控制操作。
环网控制器包括分闸动作逻辑和合闸动作逻辑。
分闸动作逻辑：若判定P＜0且U 1rms＞U L，则立刻向机械开关设备发出分闸指令，经过一延时t1后向晶闸管设备发出触发命令，达到延时t2后，停止 触发晶闸管。
所述延时t1，延时t1应该保证机械开关开始分闸时，晶闸管已经被触发。
所述延时t2，延时t2应该保证机械开关分闸，并且已经熄弧，才停止触发晶闸管。
合闸动作逻辑：若判定U 2＞U thr，则立刻发出晶闸管设备触发信号和机械开关设备合闸信号，晶闸管设备先触发，之后机械开关设备合闸，机械开关设备合闸后经过一段延时t3后停止触发晶闸管设备。
所述延时t3，延时t3应该保证机械开关完成合闸动作，并承载相应的负荷电流后，才停止触发晶闸管。
若机械开关设备合闸足够迅速，则环网控制器判定U 2＞U thr后，立刻向机械开关设备发出合闸信号，可以不向晶闸管设备发出触发信号。
此外，在环网正常开环运行期间，环网内的两环网控制器皆为合闸状态；在线路故障期间，应保持合闸状态，或由于判定U 2＞U thr而快速切换为合闸状态。
实施例4：
本实施例提供了一种环网控制器的安装位置和安装方式。
在一个环网内需安装两台，分别位于环网两侧母线出线处，正常运行时，两环网控制器呈导通状，两侧母线正常为各自负荷供电。
所述环网控制器可安装在母线出线处变电站内、母线出线到第一个环网柜之间的线路上、母线出线后第一个箱式变压器内低压一侧或母线出线后第一个环网柜内部或旁边。
所述避雷器、电力电子器件和机械开关可以固定安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处；
所述测量模块和控制模块可以作为移动部分，在环网内进行合环或解环时，与所述避雷器、电力电子器件和机械开关进行连接。
当所述环网电路的母线出线处存在开关设备可用来旁路环网控制器时，所述避雷器、电力电子器件、机械开关、测量模块和控制模块可作为移动部分，在环网内进行合环或解环时，与母线出线处原有开关设备进行连接，安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处。
当所述环网电路为单环网时，所述环网控制器安装在单环网的两条母线出线处，单环网接线的线路中共安装两台环网控制器，示意图如图2所示。
当所述环网电路为双环网时，所述环网控制器安装在双环网的四条母线出线处，双环网接线的线路中共安装四台环网控制器，示意图如图3所示。
当所述环网电路为N供一备接线配网时，所述环网控制器安装在N供一备接线配网的所有母线出线处，N供一备接线的线路中共需安装N+1台环网控制器，示意图如图4所示。
当所述环网电路为N-1接线配网时，所述环网控制器安装在N-1接线配网的所有母线出线处，N-1接线的线路中共需安装N台环网控制器，示意图如图5所示。
实施例5：
约定正常运行时，如图6所示的10kV配网在Brk2处解环，一旦直接合环，会产生由10kV母线B流向10kV母线A的合环冲击电流。现需要将一部分负荷由10kV母线A转移至10kV母线B供电，即解环位置由Brk2处切换至Brk1处，则操作过程如下：
合闸Brk2，配网中产生由10kV母线B流向10kV母线A的合环冲击电流，如图7所示。
环网控制器A检测到P＜0且U 1＞U L，则由导通状态切换至断开状态，环网控制器B不动作。全部负荷暂时由10kV母线B供电，合环冲击电流消失，如图8示。
分闸Brk1，如图9所示。由Brk1至环网控制器A之间的负荷暂时失电，电压迅速下降。
环网控制器入口电压为10kV母线A的电压，出口电压迅速下降，因此，环网控制器两端的电压差越来越大。环网控制器A检测到U 2＞U thr，迅速由断开状态切换至导通状态，如图10所示。
若线路发生故障，故障可能发生在图11中的①、②、③或其余位置。此时环网控制器A、B保持导通状态，或由于检测到U 2＞U thr，迅速由断开状态切换至导通状态。
实施例6：
本实施例说明了环网控制器的运行原理。
在一环网两端安装环网控制器，正常情况下，两环网控制器中机械开关设备S A、S B处于合位，晶闸管设备T A、T B关断，避雷器设备A rA、A rB呈断路状态，如图12所示。
系统无故障情况下进行并解操作，若合环后，合环冲击不大，两环网控制器靠近负荷侧均无有功功率倒送，则两环网控制器保持图12中状态不变。
若合环后冲击较大，出现合环电流由母线B流向母线A，如图13中所示。此时电气特征为：环网控制器A处有功功率P 1A倒送(缩写为P 1A＜0)，环网控制器的靠近负荷侧电压U 1A正常(U 1A有效值大于定值 UL)，环网控制器B处有功功率未倒送。此时，环网控制器动作如下：
过程1：环网控制器B不动作。环网控制器A判定有功功率倒送后，立刻发出S A分闸命令，经过一延时t1后向T A发出触发信号，T A在S A分闸完成前触发，如图14所示。
过程2：S A分闸如图15所示。
过程3：经一段延时t2后停止触发T A，T A关断，S A形成断开点，环网内所有负荷均由母线B供电，如图16所示。
过程4：在新开环点解环后，U 1A下降，A rA动作，如图17所示。
过程5：环网控制器A检测到U 2A＞U thr，则触发T A，下发S A合闸命令，如图18所示。
过程6：S A合闸后经相应延时，停止触发T A，并解操作结束，如图19所示。
若S A动作足够迅速，则上述过程5和过程6可简化为：环网控制器A检测到U 2A＞U thr，下发S A合闸命令，S A合闸。
当环网线路发生短路故障时，环网控制器装置应保持或切换到机械开关设备合位、晶闸管设备截止的状态。以合环操作期间，环网控制器已形成断开点，环网内发生接地短路故障为例，首先，A rA动作限压，如图20所示。然后，触 发并导通T A，如图21中所示；最后，S A合闸，通过相应的延时后，停止触发T A，如图22中所示。
所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括磁盘存储器、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(Compact Disc Read Only Memory，CD-ROM)、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种环网控制器，所述环网控制器串接在环网电路的母线出线处，所述环网控制器包括：避雷器、开关设备和控制设备；
    所述避雷器与所述开关设备并联，以及所述控制设备与所述开关设备连接；
    所述控制设备设置为采集环网电路数据，并根据所述环网电路数据控制所述开关设备的分闸或合闸；
    所述避雷器设置为进行过电压保护；
    所述开关设备设置为构造断点和消除断点，以及承担电压差。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述开关设备为以下至少之一：机械开关、电力电子器件。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的环网控制器，其中，所述开关设备包括：所述机械开关和所述电力电子器件；
    所述机械开关和所述电力电子器件串联后与所述避雷器并联，或所述机械开关和所述电力电子器件并联后与所述避雷器并联；
    所述机械开关和所述电力电子器件还与所述控制设备连接。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述电力电子器件设置为耐受所述环网电路的短路冲击电流。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述机械开关设置为耐受所述环网电路的短路冲击电流，其中，所述机械开关的端间耐受电压等级不等于所述机械开关对地绝缘电压等级；
    所述机械开关设置为三相分开动作或三相联动。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述避雷器为金属氧化物避雷器、阀型避雷器、金属氧化物避雷器串联阻感性元件或阀型避雷器串联阻感性元件；
    所述避雷器的持续运行电压大于在稳态运行的情况下所述环网控制器安装处出现的最大断口电压。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的环网控制器，其中，所述控制设备包括：相互连接的测量模块和控制模块；
    所述控制模块与所述机械开关和所述电力电子器件连接；
    所述测量模块设置为采集流过所述环网控制器的电流数据和采集近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据，并根据所述电流数据和所述电压数据来制定分闸指 令或合闸指令；
    所述控制模块设置为根据所述分闸指令或所述合闸指令控制所述机械开关切断或闭合；
    所述近负荷侧的电压数据，包括：所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差和近负荷侧的电压瞬时值；
    所述近母线侧的电压数据，包括以下之一：近母线侧的电压瞬时值和所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差；或
    近母线侧的电压瞬时值和近负荷侧的电压瞬时值。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述测量模块为互感器或传感器。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述测量模块中电压瞬时差测量采用击穿二极管BOD来实现，用于反应所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差；
    所述BOD设置为并联在所述环网控制器两端；
    所述BOD的击穿电压与设定的电压差瞬时阈值相等。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述控制设备为电压取能供能的设备。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述避雷器、所述电力电子器件、所述机械开关、所述测量模块和所述控制模块固定安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述避雷器、所述电力电子器件和所述机械开关固定安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处；
    在所述环网电路进行合环或解环的情况下，所述测量模块和所述控制模块作为移动部分与所述避雷器、所述电力电子器件和所述机械开关进行连接。
  13. 如权利要求7所述的环网控制器，其中，
    在所述环网电路的母线出线处有所述开关设备的情况下，所述避雷器、所述电力电子器件、所述机械开关、所述测量模块和所述控制模块作为移动部分安装在所述环网电路的母线出线处。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述环网电路的两侧母线出线处到各自对应的第一个负荷之间，分别安装一台环网控制器。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的环网控制器，其中，
    所述环网控制器安装在母线出线处变电站或变电所内、母线出线到第一个环网柜之间的线路上、母线出线后第一个箱式变压器内低压一侧、母线出线后第一个环网柜内部或母线出线后第一个环网柜旁边。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的环网控制器，其中，
    在所述环网电路为单环网的情况下，所述环网控制器安装在所述单环网的两条母线出线处，单环网接线的线路中共安装两台环网控制器；
    在所述环网电路为双环网的情况下，所述环网控制器安装在所述双环网的四条母线出线处，双环网接线的线路中共安装四台环网控制器；
    在所述环网电路为N供一备接线配网的情况下，所述环网控制器安装在所述N供一备接线配网的所有母线出线处，N供一备接线的线路中共安装N+1台环网控制器，所述N为正整数；
    在所述环网电路为N-1接线配网的情况下，所述环网控制器安装在所述N-1接线配网的所有母线出线处，N-1接线的线路中共安装N台环网控制器，所述N为正整数。
  17. 一种环网控制器的控制方法，包括：
    在环网电路合环的情况下，安装在所述环网电路母线出线处的环网控制器中的控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述环网控制器中的开关设备分闸以构造断点，以及消除所述环网电路中的合环冲击；
    在所述环网电路解环的情况下，所述控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述开关设备合闸以消除断点，旁路避雷器，以及恢复环网电路电压。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其中，在环网电路合环的情况下，安装在所述环网电路母线出线处的环网控制器中的控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述环网控制器中的开关设备分闸以构造断点，以及消除所述环网电路中的合环冲击，包括：
    所述控制设备中的测量模块实时采集流过所述环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据；
    在所述环网电路合环的情况下，所述测量模块根据所述流过所述环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据，制定分闸指令；
    所述控制模块根据所述分闸指令，控制所述开关设备分闸，以及消除所述 环网电路中的合环冲击。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的方法，其中，在所述环网电路合环的情况下，所述测量模块根据所述流过所述环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据，制定分闸指令，包括：
    所述测量模块根据所述流过所述环网控制器的电流数据和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压数据计算和得到电压有效值和有功功率；
    所述测量模块根据所述有功功率判断当前环网控制器是否出现有功功率倒送，在出现有功功率倒送且所述近负荷侧或者所述近母线侧的电压有效值大于第一设定阈值的情况下，制定分闸信号，在以下至少之一的情况下，不制定分闸信号：有功功率非倒送、所述近负荷侧或者所述近母线侧的电压有效值不大于所述第一设定阈值；
    从出现有功功率倒送至所述开关设备分闸完成，所用时间确保线路中动作最快的线路过流保护不动作。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述有功功率倒送的判断，包括：
    通过所述测量模块采集流过所述环网控制器的电流瞬时值和近负荷侧或者近母线侧的电压瞬时值；
    计算所述电压基波分量和电流基波分量的夹角，并根据夹角大小确定所述有功功率的方向；
    在所述有功功率注入母线侧的情况下，所述有功功率倒送，在所述有功功率注入负荷侧的情况下，所述有功功率非倒送。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述控制模块根据所述分闸指令，控制所述开关设备分闸，包括：
    所述控制模块根据所述分闸指令，控制所述开关设备中的机械开关分闸，在第一设定延时后导通所述开关设备中的电力电子器件，在第二设定延时后截止所述电力电子器件；
    达到所述第一设定延时时，所述机械开关还未开始分闸；
    达到所述第二设定延时时，所述机械开关已经分闸且弧熄。
  22. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述控制设备根据采集的环网电路数据，控制所述开关设备合闸以消除断点，旁路避雷器，以及恢复环网电路电压，包括：
    通过所述控制设备中的测量模块采集所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差；
    在所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差大于第二设定阈值的情况下，制定合闸指令；
    所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制所述开关设备合闸，以及快速恢复所述环网电路电压；
    从所述环网控制器两端的电压瞬时差大于所述第二设定阈值的时刻至所述开关合闸完成，所用时间在10ms以内。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制所述开关设备合闸，包括：
    所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制电力电子器件触发和机械开关合闸，在第三设定延时后截止所述电力电子器件；
    达到所述第三设定延时时，所述机械开关完成合闸并承载负荷电流。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，所述控制模块根据所述合闸指令，控制所述开关设备合闸，还包括：
    所述控制模块控制所述开关设备中的机械开关合闸。
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