WO2021022471A1 - 一种交叉耦合滤波器 - Google Patents

一种交叉耦合滤波器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021022471A1
WO2021022471A1 PCT/CN2019/099392 CN2019099392W WO2021022471A1 WO 2021022471 A1 WO2021022471 A1 WO 2021022471A1 CN 2019099392 W CN2019099392 W CN 2019099392W WO 2021022471 A1 WO2021022471 A1 WO 2021022471A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resonator
resonators
coupling
resonant
cross
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PCT/CN2019/099392
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李敦穁
罗仁虎
尹泽
李强
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罗森伯格技术（昆山）有限公司
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Priority to EP19940604.2A priority Critical patent/EP3979405A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/099392 priority patent/WO2021022471A1/zh
Publication of WO2021022471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021022471A1/zh
Priority to US17/665,736 priority patent/US11973255B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/205—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/205—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities
    • H01P1/2053—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities the coaxial cavity resonators being disposed parall to each other

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter, in particular to a cross-coupling filter.
  • the recent demand trend for filters is miniaturization and high quality requirements.
  • the communication components used in small base stations for 5G communications are smaller in size and more demanded than previous macro base station products. Therefore, the components used in the product must also be high-quality miniaturized, lightweight, and have a structure suitable for mass production.
  • the filters used in small base stations are usually dielectric waveguide filters and traditional metal coaxial filters.
  • the dielectric waveguide filter can be miniaturized and lightweight, and has a low manufacturing cost, but it has worse loss and harmonic characteristics than a metal coaxial filter.
  • the traditional metal coaxial filter has better loss and harmonic characteristics than the dielectric waveguide filter, but the reduction in size and weight in the design characteristics has reached a certain limit, and the number of internal components has also reached the limit, which cannot be reduced. The purpose of the cost.
  • the patent application number: CN201710149229.5 discloses a filter with a frame structure.
  • the two sides of the square frame are open structures, and the partition wall divides the inside of the frame into two spaces.
  • the partition wall divides the inside of the frame into two spaces.
  • vertical to this partition wall there is an integrated resonator.
  • the resonator is bent into an L-shape or a T-shape to reduce the space requirement, but such a form still has limitations on the miniaturization of the filter volume, and it is difficult to meet the design requirements of the small size of the filter.
  • sheet or wire conductors are added in the form of open circuit or short circuit between non-adjacent resonators. Insulators need to be fixed to the frame or conductors in the form of wires are welded to the resonators. Such a structure will incur processing costs and processing tolerances, and when the frame and the resonator are integrated, the frequency drift of the filter with the ambient temperature is large.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cross-coupling filter.
  • a cross-coupling filter including a resonant structure
  • the resonant structure includes at least two rows of resonant units and at least two rows of resonant units, each row and each row of resonant units includes at least Two resonators, where in two rows of adjacent resonant units, two adjacent resonators in any one row of resonant units are two adjacent resonators in the same row as the two adjacent resonators in the other row.
  • Adjacent resonators form a minimum resonant structure
  • two resonators in the same row form a group, and the two resonators in the same row are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled; the two resonators in the same row are electromagnetically coupled ; And the coupling polarities of the two sets of resonators of the two rows of resonant units are opposite, and at least one cross coupling is formed;
  • the coupling polarity includes mainly electrical coupling or magnetic coupling
  • two adjacent resonators in the same row are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled; two adjacent resonators in the same row are all electromagnetically coupled, and the same
  • the coupling polarities of the adjacent two groups of resonators in a row are opposite and/or the coupling polarities of the adjacent two groups of resonators in two adjacent rows are opposite, and at least one cross coupling is formed.
  • multiple rows of the resonant units are located on the same plane or arranged in layers.
  • the resonant tails of two adjacent resonators in the same row are connected or opposed to form a main magnetic coupling, or the resonant heads are opposed to form an electrical coupling; two adjacent resonators in the same row are parallel or approximately They are arranged in parallel, and an electromagnetic hybrid coupling is formed between two adjacent resonators in the same column.
  • the adjacent two groups of resonators in two adjacent rows are distributed with alternating electrical coupling and magnetic coupling, so that the coupling polarities of the adjacent two groups of resonators in two adjacent rows are opposite, and/ Or, the multiple groups of resonators in the same row are distributed with alternating electrical coupling and magnetic coupling, so that the coupling polarities of the adjacent two groups of resonators in the same row are opposite.
  • the resonant structure is integrally formed, or at least two resonators in the resonant structure are integrally formed.
  • the resonance structure further includes a frame, and the resonance unit is integrally formed on the frame or assembled on the frame.
  • the filter further includes a cover plate arranged on the resonance structure, the cover plate includes a plurality of protrusions and at least one shielding wall, wherein:
  • the protruding part extends from the end face of the cover plate close to the resonant structure in a direction approaching the resonant structure, and the position of the protruding part on the cover plate corresponds to the position of the resonator head of the resonator on the resonant structure;
  • the shielding wall is located between two adjacent resonators.
  • the cross-coupled filter further includes at least one structural member for enhancing the amount of cross-coupling between the resonators, and the structural member connects two resonators to form a cross-coupling.
  • the filter further includes a plurality of tuning screws and a plurality of coupling tuning screws, the tuning screws are located above the corresponding resonators and used to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonators; the coupling tuning screws are located in two adjacent ones. Between resonators, used to adjust the coupling between resonators. .
  • the multiple rows of resonant units are distributed along a signal transmission path, and the signal transmission path is a U-shaped or S-shaped or a curved path formed by a plurality of continuous U-shaped or continuous S-shaped.
  • the filter further includes a signal input port and a signal output port respectively provided at both ends of the signal transmission path.
  • the filter is a resonator filter of order 4 or higher.
  • Adopt multi-row resonant units arranged in layers or in a single layer, and cross-coupling between each row can be increased, which can strengthen the coupling of resonant units between rows, and use cross-finger coupling and the coupling pole opposite to the main channel
  • the characteristic produces transmission zero point, can realize the miniaturization design of the filter, and improve the loss.
  • the resonant structure of the filter can adopt an integrated frame structure, which is simple to assemble, has good assembly tolerance consistency, and can maintain stable product quality.
  • Adjusting the coupling amount on the cavity and improving the shielding structure of harmonics can reduce the volume of the resonator, realize the miniaturization of the filter, and improve the Q value of the resonator, reduce loss and other filtering characteristics.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the resonant structure of FIG. 1;
  • Embodiment 4 is a simulation waveform diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 7 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the split structure of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resonant structure of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a simulation waveform diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 8 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the split structure of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the resonant structure of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a simulation waveform diagram of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the filter (resonant structure replacement structure) of the present invention.
  • Figure 18a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fourth-order filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18b is a schematic structural diagram of the minimum resonant structure A in FIG. 18a of the present invention.
  • Figure 18c is a simulation waveform diagram of the fourth-order filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19a is a schematic diagram of the split structure of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • 19b is a schematic structural diagram of the resonant structure of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19c is a simulation waveform diagram of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Resonant structure 12/12a ⁇ 12h, resonator, 121, resonant head, 122, resonant middle, 123, resonant tail, 2. first cover, 21, raised part, 22, recessed part, 23, Shielding wall, 24, connecting column, 3, second cover, 4, signal input port, 5, signal output port, 6, frame, 61, partition wall, 62, coupling window, S1, transmission loss waveform diagram, S2 Return loss waveform diagram, A, minimum resonance structure, 7, tuning screw, 8, coupling tuning screw, A, minimum resonance structure.
  • the cross-coupling filter disclosed in the present invention includes a resonant structure 1.
  • the resonant structure 1 specifically includes multiple rows of resonant units and multiple rows of resonant units. Each row of resonant units and each row of resonant units includes Multiple resonators12.
  • the resonant structure 1 can adopt an integrated frame structure (that is, add a frame 6 to the resonator and connect it into an integrated form).
  • the frame-integrated resonant structure 1 has simple assembly and good assembly tolerance consistency. , And can maintain the advantages of stable product quality. It may also be a split structure without a frame.
  • the multiple rows of resonant units of the resonant structure 1 are separately fixed in a frame 6 (for example, by fixing members such as screws).
  • each row of resonant units are vertically fixed in the frame 6, and multiple rows of resonant units are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the frame 6 (that is, along the front and back direction of the frame 6); As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, and Figure 15, multiple rows of resonant units are located on the same plane.
  • the smallest resonant structure A formed by the filter of the present invention is a fourth-order filter.
  • the smallest resonant structure A consists of two rows of adjacent resonant units and two rows of adjacent resonant units.
  • the unit is composed of two resonators in each row of resonant units and each column of resonant units.
  • the filter can be directly the smallest resonant structure A, that is, the filter is a 4th-order filter, or the smallest resonant structure A is formed in other filters higher than 4th order (such as 6th order, 8th order, etc.) , And its position in the filter is not limited.
  • two adjacent resonators in any one row of resonant units are connected to the two adjacent resonators in the other row.
  • Two adjacent resonators in the same column respectively form the smallest resonant structure.
  • the present invention may not limit the coupling polarity, arrangement, etc. of the other resonators 12 in the filter.
  • each resonator 12 has a cylindrical structure as a whole, and specifically includes a resonant head 121, a resonant middle portion 122, and a resonant tail 123.
  • the resonant head 121 is electrically coupled to the resonator 12.
  • the strongest part, on the contrary, the resonance tail 123 is the strongest part of the magnetic coupling of the resonator 12.
  • the width of the resonant head 121 is designed to be wider than the width of the resonant middle portion 122 and the resonant tail portion 123, so that the volume of the resonator 12 can be further reduced under the requirement of the same frequency.
  • the resonator structure with multiple bent portions is also applicable to the present invention.
  • the multiple rows of resonators 12 are arranged in the frame 6 along a signal transmission path, and the signal transmission path may be U-shaped or S-shaped, or a curved path formed by a plurality of continuous U-shaped or S-shaped.
  • the coupling mode of two adjacent resonators 12 on the signal transmission path is determined by their shapes and mutual arrangement positions. It needs to be explained that the coupling of the general TEM (transverse electromagnetic mode, transverse electromagnetic wave mode) mode filter is the coexistence of electrical coupling and magnetic coupling, and the coupling of one of the two couplings is much greater than the coupling of the other. The larger one is called dominant coupling.
  • the mode of dominant coupling in the filter of the present invention can be determined by the arrangement position of the two coupled resonators.
  • the main coupling is mainly electrical coupling. If the coupling between the two is mainly produced by the resonant tail, the main coupling is magnetic coupling. There is not much difference between the amount of electrical coupling and the amount of magnetic coupling, and it is electromagnetic hybrid coupling.
  • the resonators in the same row when the resonators in the same row are arranged horizontally, the resonators in the same row are arranged longitudinally, and the signal can be transmitted in one of the directions (ie, horizontal or longitudinal); when the resonators in the same row are arranged longitudinally, the same row resonates
  • the devices are arranged horizontally, and the signal can also be transmitted in one direction first.
  • the filter is a fourth-order filter, which specifically includes a first cover plate 2, a second cover plate 3, and a minimum resonant structure A.
  • the minimum resonant structure A consists of two rows of resonant units. It consists of two rows of resonant units, which includes 4 resonators, respectively defined as 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d. At this time, the same row is horizontally arranged resonators, and the same row is longitudinally arranged resonators, and the signal is the first Start to transmit in the longitudinal direction.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same row of the smallest resonant structure A are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled.
  • the resonators 12a and 12d in the same row are mainly electrically coupled, and the resonators 12b and 12c in the same row are mainly magnetically coupled.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same row in this embodiment are defined as a group.
  • Two adjacent resonators 12 in the same column are electromagnetically mixed and coupled, and the coupling polarities of the two groups of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units are opposite.
  • the coupling polarity here includes the above-mentioned main electrical coupling and main magnetic coupling, that is, the coupling polarities of the two sets of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units.
  • One set of coupling modes is mainly electrical coupling, and the other set of coupling modes is mainly Mainly magnetic coupling.
  • at least one of the two rows of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units forms a cross coupling, as shown in FIG. 18c.
  • the same row of resonators are arranged horizontally, and the same row of resonators are arranged longitudinally, and the signal starts to be transmitted in the lateral direction.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same row of the smallest resonant structure A are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same row in this embodiment are defined as a group.
  • Two adjacent resonators 12 in the same column are electromagnetically mixed and coupled, and the coupling polarities of the two groups of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units are opposite.
  • the coupling polarity here includes the above-mentioned main electrical coupling and main magnetic coupling, that is, the coupling polarities of the two sets of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units.
  • One set of coupling modes is mainly electrical coupling, and the other set of coupling modes is mainly Mainly magnetic coupling.
  • at least one of the two rows of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units forms a cross coupling.
  • the resonant tails 123 of the two resonators 12 in the same row of the smallest resonant structure A are connected or opposed, or the resonant heads 121 are arranged oppositely, and the resonant tails 123 are connected or opposed to each other.
  • the coupling is mainly magnetic coupling; when the resonant heads 121 are arranged relatively, the coupling formed is mainly electrical coupling.
  • Two resonators 12 in the same column are arranged in parallel or approximately parallel, but the orientation of the resonant head 121 or the resonant tail 123 of the two is opposite.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same column are not limited to the arrangement of the resonators facing the opposite direction, as long as the electromagnetic hybrid coupling of the two can be realized.
  • the coupling polarities of the two sets of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units are opposite.
  • the resonant heads 121 of the two resonators 12 ie, a set of resonators
  • the resonant heads 121 of the two resonators 12 ie, a set of resonators in one row are arranged oppositely to form an electrical coupling.
  • the resonant tails 123 of the two resonators in the other row are connected or opposed to each other to form a magnetic coupling.
  • the two sets of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units are not limited to the introduction here.
  • the other resonators 12 in the filter can be expanded and extended according to the coupling mode between the resonators 12 in this embodiment, and expanded into a filter structure having at least two rows and at least two columns of resonators 12.
  • two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled; two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row are both electromagnetically coupled, and adjacent resonators 12 in the same row
  • the coupling polarities of the two groups of resonators 12 are opposite and/or the coupling polarities of the two adjacent groups of resonators 12 in two adjacent rows are opposite, and at least one of the multiple rows of resonators 12 of the multiple rows of resonant units forms a cross coupling.
  • the same row of resonators arranged horizontally, and the same row of resonators arranged longitudinally, and the signal starts to be transmitted in the longitudinal direction first, the minimum resonance
  • the electromagnetic hybrid coupling between the two resonators 12 in the same column of the structure A that is, the amount of electrical coupling and magnetic coupling of the two adjacent resonators 12 reaches a value that forms an electromagnetic hybrid coupling.
  • Two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same row in this embodiment are defined as a group.
  • the coupling polarities of the two sets of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units are opposite.
  • at least one of the two rows of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units forms a cross coupling.
  • the two resonators 12 in the same row are arranged in parallel or approximately parallel, but the orientation of the resonance head 121 or the resonance tail 123 of the two is opposite; the resonance tails 123 of the two resonators in the same row are connected or the resonance head
  • the parts 121 are arranged relatively; the arrangement of the two sets of resonators 12 of the two rows of resonant units is the same as the above explanation, and will not be repeated here.
  • the other resonators 12 in the filter can also be expanded according to the coupling mode between the resonators 12 in this alternative embodiment to expand into a filter structure having at least two rows and at least two columns of resonators 12.
  • two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row are both electromagnetically mixed and coupled; two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled, and two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row are mainly electrically coupled or magnetically coupled.
  • the coupling polarities of the group of resonators 12 are opposite and/or the coupling polarities of the two adjacent groups of resonators 12 in two adjacent columns are opposite, and at least one cross coupling is formed.
  • the cross-coupling generates a transmission zero point on the left and right of the bandwidth, and according to the number of resonators 12, the number of cross-coupling can be increased to increase the number of zero points.
  • the realization of cross-coupling between the resonators 12 of the present invention does not require additional structural components, but additional structural components (such as metal rods, insulators, etc.) can be added between adjacent two resonators 12 that form cross-coupling according to the situation. Not shown) to further increase the amount of cross-coupling.
  • the filter further includes a cover plate arranged on the resonant structure, and a closed filter cavity is formed between the cover plate and the resonant structure.
  • the cover plate may include first cover plates respectively covering the two end surfaces of the resonant structure.
  • the structure of the cover plate 2 and the second cover plate 3, the first cover plate 2 and the second cover plate 3 are basically the same.
  • the structure of the first cover plate 2 will be described in detail here.
  • the second cover plate 3 will not be repeated, please refer to the following Description of the first cover 2.
  • the first cover plate 2 includes a plurality of protrusions 21, at least one shielding wall 23, and at least one connecting column 24 arranged on the lower end surface thereof, where the lower end surface is the side close to the resonance structure 1 .
  • the protrusion 21 extends from the lower end face of the first cover plate 2 in a direction approaching the resonance structure 1, and the position of the protrusion 21 on the first cover plate 2 is the same as the position of the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12.
  • the above-mentioned protrusion 21 is provided on the lower end surface of the first cover plate 2 corresponding to the position of the resonator head 121 of the resonator, which will shorten the distance between the first cover plate 2 and the resonator head 121 of the resonator 12, because The closer you are to the resonator 12, the larger the distributed capacitance and the lower the resonance frequency. This can effectively shorten the length of the resonator, thereby reducing the size of the filter relatively, thereby achieving miniaturization of the filter.
  • a plurality of recesses 22 are formed on the first cover plate 2 opposite to the above-mentioned protrusion 21.
  • the setting position of the recesses 22 on the first cover plate 2 corresponds to the position of the resonance tail 123 of the resonator 12, that is, the first cover
  • the lower end surface of the plate 2 is provided with the above-mentioned recess 22 corresponding to the position of the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12, which will enlarge the space between the resonant tail 123 and the first cover plate 2, because the farther away from the resonator 12, the greater the inductance.
  • the length of the resonator 12 can be shortened, the size of the filter is relatively reduced, the Q value of the resonator is improved, and the loss is reduced.
  • the shielding wall 23 is arranged between two adjacent resonators 12 to adjust the coupling strength between the two resonators 12, although the coupling strength between the resonators 12 can be determined by the distance between the resonators 12 However, this method may increase the size of the filter, and setting the shielding wall 23 does not affect the size of the filter on the basis of the adjustable coupling between the resonators 12.
  • the connecting column 24 is arranged between two adjacent resonators 12 in the same row, and connects the first and second cover plates 2 and 3.
  • the setting of the connecting pole 24 can improve the harmonic characteristics of the filter.
  • the connecting column 24 is arranged on the first cover plate or the second cover plate.
  • a plurality of tuning screws 7 passing through the upper end surface of the frame 6 and extending into the upper end of the corresponding resonator 12 can be provided on the frame 6 to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonator 12; And pass through the upper end surface of the filter frame 6 and the lower end extends into the coupling adjustment screw 8 between two adjacent resonators 12 to adjust the coupling amount between the resonators 12.
  • the signal input port 4 and the signal output port 5 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the above-mentioned signal transmission path. According to the difference of the signal transmission path, the setting positions thereof may be different accordingly.
  • a cross-coupling filter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a resonant structure 1, a first cover plate 2, a second cover plate 3, wherein the first cover plate 2, the second cover plate
  • the plates 3 are respectively covered on the front and rear sides of the frame 6 so that a closed filter cavity is formed in the frame, and the resonance structure 1 is separately installed in the frame 6.
  • the structure of the first cover plate 2 and the second cover plate 3 can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated here.
  • the structure of the lower resonant structure 1 is specifically described below.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure 1 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a 6th-order filter, which includes two rows of resonant units.
  • the two rows of resonant units are not on the same plane, specifically along the front and back direction of the frame 6.
  • Each row of resonant units is vertically arranged in the frame 6 (that is, the vertical direction of the frame 6), and each row of resonant units includes 3 resonators 12, that is, 6 resonators 12 are arranged in the frame.
  • the resonators are respectively resonator 12a, resonator 12b...resonator 12f, wherein resonators 12a-12c are in a row, and resonators 12d-12f are in a row.
  • the structure of each resonator is as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • the six resonators are arranged in a U-shaped signal transmission path within the frame. Specifically, the signal is input from the resonator 12a, passes through the resonator 12b to the resonator 12e in turn, and finally is output from the resonator 12f.
  • the signal input port of Example 1 is electrically connected to the resonator 12a, and the signal output port is electrically connected to the resonator 12f.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same row, and the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c respectively form a main electrical coupling and a magnetic coupling, that is, alternate coupling of electrical coupling and magnetic coupling;
  • the resonator 12d and the resonator 12e in the same row and the resonator 12e and the resonator 12f are respectively electrically coupled and magnetically coupled, that is, alternately coupled electrically and magnetically.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12f in the same column, the resonator 12b and the resonator 12e, the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d are all electromagnetic hybrid coupling, and the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b are located in the two rows.
  • the coupling polarity between the resonator 12f and the resonator 12e (specifically, the electrical coupling is mainly) is opposite to the coupling polarity between the resonator 12f and the resonator 12e (the magnetic coupling is mainly), and the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c are located in the two rows.
  • the coupling polarity between the resonator 12e and the resonator 12d is opposite to the coupling polarity between the resonator 12e and the resonator 12d.
  • cross-coupling (defined as the first cross-coupling) occurs between the resonators 12b and the resonators 12e in the same column.
  • Cross-coupling (defined as the second cross-coupling) also occurs between the resonator 12a and the resonator 12f in the same column. That is to say, two cross-couplings are formed in the filter of this embodiment 1, and each cross-coupling is two at the left and right of the bandwidth. Each side generates a transmission zero point respectively, thereby generating a total of four transmission zero points, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12a faces the left side wall of the frame 6 and is fixed to the frame by a fixing screw, the resonance head is opposite to the resonance head of the resonator 12b, and the resonance tail of the resonator 12b is opposite to the resonator 12c.
  • the resonant tail of the resonator 12c is connected, and the resonant head of the resonator 12c faces the right side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12d in the other row faces the right side wall of the frame 6, and the resonance head is opposite to the resonance head of the resonator 12e.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12e is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12f.
  • the resonance head faces the left side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonators 12a and 12f in the same column, the resonators 12b and 12e in the same column, and the resonators 12c and 12d in the same column have opposite directions.
  • a partition wall 61 between the two rows of resonant units is further provided in the frame 6, and at least one coupling window 62 for coupling the two rows of resonant units is provided on the partition wall.
  • a cross-coupling filter of Embodiment 2 of the present invention is an alternative implementation of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure 1 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention is also a sixth-order filter. And it also includes two rows of resonant units, the two rows of resonant units are not on the same plane, and are specifically arranged in layers along the front and rear directions of the frame.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the resonator 12a, the resonator 12b, the resonator 12f, and the resonator 12e in the second embodiment constitute the minimum resonance structure A described above.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same row are mainly electrically coupled, and the resonator 12f and the resonator 12e in the same row are mainly magnetically coupled, and the resonator 12a and the resonator Cross-coupling occurs between 12f.
  • the coupling mode of other resonators is not limited.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12a faces the right side wall of the frame 6, the resonance head is opposite to the resonance head of the resonator 12b, the resonance tail of the resonator 12b is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12c, and the resonance of the resonator 12c
  • the head faces the left side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonance head of the resonator 12d faces the left side wall of the frame 6, the resonance tail is opposite to the resonance head of the resonator 12e, the resonance tail of the resonator 12e is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12f, and the resonance head of the resonator 12f faces The right side wall of the frame 6.
  • a cross-coupling filter of Embodiment 3 of the present invention is also an alternative implementation of Embodiment 1 above.
  • the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the two rows of resonant units in Embodiment 3 are located on the same plane, and the arrangement and coupling manner of the other six resonators are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • a cross-coupled filter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention includes a resonant structure 1, a frame 6, a signal input port 4, and a signal output port 5, wherein the resonant structure 1 is separately installed in the frame 6.
  • the structure of the lower resonant structure 1 is specifically described below.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure 1 of Embodiment 4 of the present invention is an 8th-order filter, which includes two rows of resonant units.
  • the two rows of resonant units are not on the same plane, specifically along the front and rear directions of the frame 6.
  • Each row of resonant units is arranged vertically in the frame 6 (that is, the vertical direction of the frame 6), and each row of resonant units includes 4 resonators 12, that is, 8 resonators 12 are arranged in the frame 6.
  • the two resonators are respectively resonator 12a, resonator 12b...resonator 12h, where resonators 12a-12d are in a row, and resonators 12e-12h are in a row.
  • the structure of each resonator is as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • the eight resonators are arranged in a U-shaped signal transmission path within the frame. Specifically, the signal is input from the resonator 12a, passes through the resonator 12b to the resonator 12g in turn, and finally outputs from the resonator 12h, that is, in this embodiment
  • the signal input port 4 of Example 4 is electrically connected to the resonator 12a, and the signal output port 5 is electrically connected to the resonator 12h.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same row, the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c, the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d respectively form a magnetic coupling, an electrical coupling, and a magnetic coupling.
  • the coupling polarity between the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the row is opposite to the coupling polarity between the resonator 12h and the resonator 12g (specifically electrical coupling is dominant), and is located at both
  • the coupling polarity between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c in the row is opposite to the coupling polarity between the resonator 12g and the resonator 12f (specifically magnetic coupling is dominant), and they are located in the two rows
  • the coupling polarity between the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d is located in the two rows.
  • cross-coupling (defined as the first cross-coupling) occurs between the resonator 12c and the resonator 12f in the same column.
  • Cross-coupling (defined as second cross-coupling) also occurs between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12g in the same column.
  • Cross-coupling (defined as the third cross-coupling) also occurs between the resonator 12a and the resonator 12h in the same column. That is to say, three cross-couplings are formed in the filter of this embodiment 4, and each cross-coupling is two at the left and right of the bandwidth. Each side generates a transmission zero point, thereby generating a total of six transmission zero points, as shown in Figure 7b.
  • the resonant head of the resonator 12a faces the left side wall of the frame 6, the resonant tail is connected to the resonant tail of the resonator 12b, the resonant head of the resonator 12b is opposite to the resonant head of the resonator 12c, and the resonator 12c
  • the resonant tail of the resonator 12d is connected to the resonant tail of the resonator 12d, and the resonant head of the resonator 12d faces the right side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12e in the other row faces the right side wall of the frame 6, and the resonance head is opposite to the resonance head of the resonator 12f.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12f is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12g.
  • the resonant head is opposed to the resonant head of the resonator 12h, and the resonator 12h faces the left side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonators 12a and 12h in the same column, the resonators 12b and 12g in the same column, the resonators 12c and 12f in the same column, and the resonators 12d and 12e in the same column have opposite directions.
  • a partition wall 6 located between the two rows of resonant units is further provided in the frame 6, and at least one coupling window 61 for coupling the two rows of resonant units is provided on the partition wall 6.
  • a cross-coupled filter of Embodiment 5 of the present invention is an alternative implementation of the foregoing Embodiment 4.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure 1 of Embodiment 4 of the present invention is also an 8-order filter. And it also includes two rows of resonant units, the two rows of resonant units are not on the same plane, and are specifically arranged in layers along the front and rear directions of the frame.
  • the difference from the fourth embodiment is that the resonator 12a, the resonator 12b, the resonator 12h, and the resonator 12g in the fifth embodiment constitute the minimum resonance structure A described above.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same row are mainly electrically coupled, and the resonator 12h and the resonator 12g in the same row are mainly magnetically coupled.
  • the resonators 12c and 12d in the same row are mainly electrically coupled, and the resonators 12f and 12e in the same row are mainly electrically coupled; the resonators 12f in the same row are mainly electrically coupled.
  • the electromagnetic hybrid coupling with the resonator 12g, and the magnetic coupling between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c in the same row is dominant.
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12a faces the left side wall of the frame 6, the resonance head is opposite to the resonance head of the resonator 12b, the resonance tail of the resonator 12b is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12c, and the resonance of the resonator 12c is The head is opposed to the resonant head of the resonator 12d, and the resonator 12d faces the right side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonant head of the resonator 12e faces the right side wall of the frame 6, the resonant head is opposed to the resonant head of the resonator 12f, the resonant tail of the resonator 12f is opposed to the resonant head of the resonator 12g, the resonant tail of the resonator 12g It is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12h, and the resonance tail of the resonator 12h faces the left side wall of the frame 6.
  • a cross-coupling filter in Embodiment 6 of the present invention is an alternative implementation of Embodiment 5 above.
  • the difference from Embodiment 5 is that the two rows of resonant units in Embodiment 6 are located on the same plane, and the arrangement and coupling manner of the other six resonators are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • a cross-coupling filter according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention includes a resonant structure, and the resonant structure 1 is an integrated frame structure.
  • the structure of the lower resonant structure 1 is specifically described below.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure 1 in Embodiment 7 of the present invention is a 6th-order filter, which includes a frame 6 and three rows of resonant units integrally formed in the frame 6, and each row of resonant units includes two resonators 12, that is, in the frame Set 6 resonators 12, for ease of description, define these 6 resonators as resonator 12a, resonator 12b...resonator 12f, where resonator 12a and resonator 12f are in a row, and resonator 12b and resonator
  • the resonator 12e is in a row, and the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d are in a row.
  • the structure of each resonator is as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • the three rows of resonators 12 are distributed in the frame along the front and back directions where the front and back side walls of the frame 6 are located. And the six resonators are arranged in the frame according to the U-shaped signal transmission path. Specifically, the signal is input from the resonator 12a, after passing through the resonator 12b to the resonator 12e, and finally output from the resonator 12f, that is to say, The signal input port of Embodiment 1 is electrically connected to the resonator 12a, and the signal output port is electrically connected to the resonator 12f.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same row, the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c are electromagnetic hybrid coupling, the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d in the same row are mainly electrically coupled, and the resonator 12d in the same row
  • the cross coupling (defined as the first cross coupling) generated between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12e in the same row is the magnetic coupling Main
  • the cross-coupling (defined as the second cross-coupling) between the resonators 12a and 12f in the same row is the main electrical coupling
  • the resonator 12b The magnetic coupling between the resonator 12e and the resonator 12e is the main opposite, that is, the electrical coup
  • Mainly magnetic coupling, main electric coupling that is, alternating coupling of main electric coupling and main magnetic coupling.
  • This embodiment 1 forms two cross-couplings, and each cross-coupling respectively generates a transmission zero point around the bandwidth, thereby generating a total of four transmission zero points, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12a is integrally formed with the left side wall of the frame 6, and the resonant head 121 is opposite to the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12f, and there is a coupling gap between the two resonant heads 121.
  • the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12f is integrally formed with the right side wall of the frame 6; the resonator 12b and the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12e are connected and integrally formed with the rear side wall of the frame 6, and the resonator 12b and the resonator 12e are integrally formed with the frame 6.
  • a coupling window is provided on the connecting portion connected to the rear side wall of the resonator 12a and the resonator head 121 of the resonator 12f to generate cross coupling, and the resonator head 121 faces the left and right side walls of the frame 6 respectively , And not in contact with the left and right walls; the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12c is integrally formed with the left wall of the frame 6, and the resonant head 121 is opposite to the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12d, and two There is a coupling gap between the resonant heads 121, and the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12d is integrally formed with the right side wall of the frame 6.
  • the above-mentioned additional structural member connecting the resonator 12a and the resonator 12f may be added according to the situation to increase the amount of coupling between the two.
  • a cross-coupling filter of Embodiment 8 of the present invention includes a resonant structure 1, an upper cover plate 2, a lower cover plate 3, a signal input port 4, and a signal output port 5.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure of Embodiment 5 of the invention is an 8-order filter, which includes a frame 6 and two rows of resonant units integrally formed in the frame 6, each row of resonant units includes 4 resonators, that is, 8 resonators are arranged in the frame The resonator is shown in FIG. 15.
  • each resonator 12a resonator 12b...resonator 12h
  • resonator 12a resonator 12d
  • resonator 12e The resonator 12h is in a row
  • the resonator 12b, the resonator 12c, the resonator 12f, and the resonator 12g are in a row.
  • the structure of each resonator is as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • the two rows of resonators are distributed in the frame along the front and back directions where the front and back side walls of the frame are located. And the 8 resonators are arranged in the frame according to a plurality of continuous S-shaped signal transmission paths. Specifically, the signal is input from the resonator 12a, passes through the resonator 12b to the resonator 12g in turn, and finally outputs from the resonator 12h.
  • the signal input port of the fifth embodiment is electrically connected to the resonator 12a, and the signal output port is electrically connected to the resonator 12h.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same column, the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d, the resonator 12e and the resonator 12f, and the resonator 12g and the resonator 12h are all electromagnetic hybrid couplings.
  • the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c are mainly magnetically coupled, and the cross-coupling (defined as the first cross-coupling) generated between the resonator 12a and the resonator 12d is mainly the electrical coupling, and the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c
  • the magnetic coupling between resonators 12f and 12g in the same row is mainly magnetic coupling, and the cross-coupling (defined as the second cross-coupling) between resonators 12e and 12h is electrical
  • the main coupling is opposite to the main magnetic coupling between the resonator 12f and the resonator 12g.
  • resonator 12b and resonator 12c are mainly magnetic coupling, electrical coupling, magnetic coupling, electrical coupling, magnetic coupling, and electrical coupling, that is, magnetic coupling is dominant
  • electrical coupling is the main alternate coupling.
  • This embodiment 8 forms two cross-couplings, and each cross-coupling respectively generates a transmission zero point around the bandwidth, thereby generating a total of four transmission zero points, as shown in FIG. 16.
  • the resonance tail 123 of the resonator 12a is integrally formed with the left side wall of the frame 6, the resonance head 121 is opposite to the resonance head 121 of the resonator 12d, and there is a coupling gap between the two resonance heads 121, and A shield wall for adjusting the amount of electrical coupling between the resonator 12a and the two resonator heads 121 of the resonator 12d is also provided.
  • the resonator 12b is connected to the two resonant tails 123 of the resonator 12c and is integrally formed with the front side wall of the frame 6, and the resonant heads 121 of the two face opposite.
  • the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12d is connected to the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12e and is integrally formed with the front side wall of the frame 6, and the resonant heads 123 of the two face opposite.
  • the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12c is opposed to the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12f, and is separated by the connection part where the resonator 12d and the resonator 12e are connected to the front side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12f is connected to the resonant tail 123 of the resonator 12g and is integrally formed with the front side wall of the frame 6, and the resonant head 121 of the two faces opposite.
  • the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12e is opposite to the resonant head 121 of the resonator 12h, and there is a coupling gap between the two resonant heads 121, and the two resonant heads 121 are also arranged to adjust the electrical coupling between the two.
  • the amount of shielding wall 23 is also arranged to adjust the electrical coupling between the two.
  • a cross-coupling filter according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention includes a resonant structure 1, a first cover plate 2 and a frame 6, wherein the first cover plate 2 covers the front and rear sides of the frame 6. Above, so that a closed filter cavity is formed in the frame 6, and the resonant structure 1 is separately installed in the frame 6.
  • the structure of the lower resonant structure 1 is specifically described below.
  • the filter formed by the resonant structure 1 of the embodiment 9 of the present invention is an 8-order filter, which includes two rows of resonant units, and the two rows of resonant units are on the same plane, specifically along the front and rear directions of the frame 6.
  • Each row of resonant units includes 4 resonators 12, that is, 8 resonators 12 are arranged in the frame.
  • these 8 resonators are defined as resonators 12a, resonators 12b...resonators 12h, where resonators 12a to 12d are in a row, and resonators 12e to 12h are in a row.
  • the structure of each resonator is as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • the eight resonators are arranged in a U-shaped signal transmission path within the frame. Specifically, the signal is input from the resonator 12a, passes through the resonator 12b to the resonator 12g in turn, and finally outputs from the resonator 12h, that is, in this embodiment
  • the signal input port of Example 9 is electrically connected to the resonator 12a, and the signal output port is electrically connected to the resonator 12h.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12h in the same column, and the resonator 12b and the resonator 12g are mainly electrically coupled and magnetically coupled respectively, that is, alternate coupling is mainly electric and magnetic coupling;
  • the main electrical coupling and the main magnetic coupling are formed respectively, that is, the alternating coupling of the main electrical coupling and the main magnetic coupling is formed.
  • the resonator 12a and the resonator 12b in the same row, the resonator 12b and the resonator 12c, the resonator 12c and the resonator 12d are all electromagnetic hybrid coupling, and the resonator 12a and the resonator 12h are located in two rows.
  • the coupling polarity between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12g (specifically, the electrical coupling is mainly) is opposite to the coupling polarity between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12g (the magnetic coupling is mainly), and the resonators 12c and 12f are located in two columns.
  • the coupling polarity (specifically, electrical coupling is dominant) between the resonator 12d and the resonator 12e (specifically, magnetic coupling is dominant) is opposite.
  • cross-coupling (defined as the first cross-coupling) occurs between the resonator 12c and the resonator 12f in the same column.
  • Cross-coupling (defined as the second cross-coupling) also occurs between the resonator 12b and the resonator 12g in the same column, and cross-coupling (defined as the third cross-coupling) also occurs between the resonator 12a and the resonator 12h in the same column, that is In other words, three cross-couplings are formed in the filter of Embodiment 9, and each cross-coupling generates a transmission zero point on the left and right sides of the bandwidth, thereby generating a total of six transmission zero points, as shown in Fig. 19c.
  • the resonant tail of the resonator 12a faces the rear side wall of the frame 6 and is fixed to the frame by fixing screws.
  • the resonant head is opposite to the resonant head of the resonator 12h, and the resonant tail of the resonator 12h faces the frame 6
  • the front side wall is fixed to the frame by fixing screws;
  • the resonance head of the resonator 12b faces the rear side wall of the frame 6,
  • the resonance tail of the resonator 12b is connected to the resonance tail of the resonator 12g, and the resonance head of the resonator 12g It faces the front side wall of the frame 6.
  • the resonant tail of the resonator 12c is fixed on the rear side wall of the frame 6, the resonant head is opposite to the resonant head of the resonator 12f, and the resonant tail of the resonator 12f is fixed on the front side wall of the frame 6; the resonance of the resonator 12d
  • the tail is connected to the resonant tail of the resonator 12h, and the resonant heads of the resonator 12d and the resonator 12e face the rear side wall and the front side wall of the frame 6, respectively.
  • the resonators 12a and 12b, the resonators 12b and 12c, the resonators 12c and the resonators 12d in the same row are facing oppositely;
  • the resonators 12e and the resonators 12f, the resonators 12f and the resonators 12g in the same row are ,
  • the orientation of the resonator 12g and the resonator 12h are opposite.
  • a partition wall 61 between the two rows of resonant units is further provided in the frame 6, and at least one coupling window 62 for coupling the two rows of resonant units is provided on the partition wall.
  • the present invention is applicable to any filter of 4th order and above.

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Abstract

一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括最小谐振结构，该最小谐振结构由四个谐振器构成，所述最小谐振结构中，同排的两个谐振器形成一组，且同排的两个谐振器之间以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；同列的两个谐振器之间电磁混合耦合；且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，且形成至少一个交叉耦合。该交叉耦合滤波器在结构特性上实现小型化，轻量化，在电性能上实现低损耗及良好的谐波特性。

Description

一种交叉耦合滤波器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种滤波器，尤其是涉及一种交叉耦合滤波器。
背景技术
近期滤波器需求趋势为小型化并要求高品质，尤其5G通信的小型基站中使用到的通信部件比起之前的宏基站产品，体积小并且需求数量多。因此产品内部使用到的部件也必须要做到高品质的小型化，轻量化，并且是要适合大批量生产的结构。
目前小型基站中使用到的滤波器通常为介质波导滤波器和传统金属同轴滤波器。介质波导滤波器可小型化及轻量化，制作成本低，但是比金属同轴滤波器的损耗及谐波特性差。传统的金属同轴滤波器相比介质波导滤波器损耗及谐波特性好，但在设计特性上尺寸及重量的缩减已达到一定极限，并且内部部件的数量上也达到极限，无法做到降低制作成本的目的。
如申请号为：CN201710149229.5的专利中，公开了一种框架结构方式的滤波器，在该方案中，口字型的框架两面为开放结构，分隔壁将框架内部分成两个空间。垂直于这个分隔壁，有一体型的谐振器。谐振器折弯为L型或T型来缩小空间要求，但是这样的形式对滤波器小型化体积还是有着局限性，难以满足滤波器微小体积的设计要求。
而且上述方案为了形成交叉耦合，在非相邻的谐振器之间按开路或短路的形式加入片状或线状导体的结构，需要在框架固定添加绝缘体或在谐振器焊接导线形式的导体。此类结构会产生加工费用以及加工公差，并且框架和谐振器为一体结构时，随环境温度滤波器的频率漂移量大。
又如在申请号为：CN 201910044005.7的专利中，公开了一种滤波器，谐振器进行多次折弯结构实现滤波器的小型化，且无需额外的结构件可实现交叉耦合。但是这种结构还是存在以下缺点：1、谐振器多次折弯虽然有利于小型化，但是相对来说Q值降低导致滤波器的电性能中的插入损耗变差；且在开模制作产品时，部件体积比普通的滤波器相对小且有折弯，在压铸成型时有变形的可能性；2、需要提升2倍频的谐波特性。
再如在申请号为：CN 201810540869.3的专利中，申请了一种小型化滤波器，在该方案中，谐振器进行多次折弯结构实现滤波器的小型化，且谐振杆都是梳状，往同一个方向延伸，且通过耦合窗口实现交叉耦合，无需额外的结构件来实现。但是这种结构还是存在以下缺点：1、谐振器多次折弯虽然有利于小型化，但是相对来说Q值降低导致滤波器的电性能中的插入损耗变差；2、为加强各层谐振单元之间的耦合量，屏蔽层上的窗口就要开很大，给增加带宽带来一定限制；3、谐振器的起始方向单一，耦合形式的转变有限。
因此，需要提出一种新型的小型化、轻量化的滤波器，以解决上述滤波器存在的电性能中的插入损耗及抑制度变差、在压铸成型时有变形的可能性、需要2倍频谐波改善等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种交叉耦合滤波器。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出如下技术方案：一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构，所述谐振结构包括至少两排谐振单元及至少两列谐振单元，每排和每列谐振单元均包括至少两个谐振器，其中，两排相邻的谐振单元中，任意一排谐振单元中相邻的两个谐振器，与另一排中与所述相邻的两个谐振器分别处于同列的两个相邻谐振器，构成一最小谐振结构，
所述最小谐振结构中，同排的两个谐振器形成一组，且同排的两个谐振器之间以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；同列的两个谐振器之间电磁混合耦 合；且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，且形成至少一个交叉耦合；
所述耦合极性包括电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；
优选地，所述谐振结构中，同排的相邻两个谐振器之间均以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；同列的相邻两个谐振器之间均以电磁混合耦合，且同排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反和/或相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，且形成至少一个交叉耦合。
优选地，多排所述谐振单元位于同一平面上或者分层设置。
优选地，同排的相邻两个谐振器的所述谐振尾部相连或相对，形成磁耦合为主，或者谐振头部相对，形成电耦合为主；同列的相邻两个谐振器平行或近似平行设置，且同列的相邻两个谐振器之间形成电磁混合耦合。
优选地，相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器以电耦合为主、磁耦合为主相交替的结构分布，使得相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，和/或，同排的多组谐振器以电耦合为主、磁耦合为主相交替的结构分布，使得同排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反。
优选地，所述谐振结构为一体成型的，或者所述谐振结构中至少有两个谐振器是一体成型的。
优选地，所述谐振结构还包括框架，所述谐振单元一体成型于所述框架上或组装于框架上。
优选地，所述滤波器还包括设置于谐振结构上的盖板，所述盖板包括多个凸起部、至少一屏蔽墙，其中，
所述凸起部自盖板靠近谐振结构的端面向靠近谐振结构的方向延伸形成，且凸起部在盖板上的设置位置与谐振结构上谐振器的谐振头部位置相对应；
所述屏蔽墙位于相邻的两个谐振器之间。
优选地，所述交叉耦合滤波器还包括至少一个用于增强谐振器间的交 叉耦合量的结构件，所述结构件连接形成交叉耦合的两个谐振器。
优选地，所述滤波器还包括多个调谐螺钉和多个耦合调螺，所述调谐螺钉位于相应谐振器的上方，用于调整谐振器的谐振频率；所述耦合调螺位于相邻两个谐振器之间，用于调整谐振器之间的耦合量。。
优选地，所述多排谐振单元沿一条信号传输路径分布，所述信号传输路径为U型或S型或多个连续U型或连续S型形成的弯道路径。
优选地，所述滤波器还包括分别设置在所述信号传输路径的两个末端的信号输入端口和信号输出端口。
优选地，所述滤波器为4阶以上的谐振器滤波器。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、将介质波导滤波器和金属同轴滤波器的优点尽可能融合，在结构特性上实现小型化，轻量化，在电性能上实现低损耗及良好的谐波特性。并且滤波器内部部件数量尽量最小化，实现了降低制作成本以及简单化生产工程以适合大批量生产。
2、采用分层设置的或单层设置的多排谐振单元，每排之间增加交叉耦合，可加强排与排之间谐振单元的耦合量，且利用交指耦合和主通道相反的耦合极性产生传输零点，可实现滤波器的小型化的设计，且改善损耗。
3、滤波器的谐振结构可采用整体框架一体结构，装配简单，装配公差一致性好，能保持稳定的产品质量。
4、腔体上的调整耦合量及改善谐波的屏蔽结构，可以减小谐振器的体积，实现滤波器的小型化，并改善谐振器的Q值，减少损耗等滤波特征。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是图1的分体结构示意图；
图3是图1的谐振结构的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例1的仿真波形图；
图5是本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例6的结构示意图；
图10是本发明实施例7的分体结构示意图；
图11是本发明盖板的结构示意图；
图12是本发明实施例7的谐振结构的结构示意图；
图13是本发明实施例7的仿真波形图；
图14是本发明实施例8的分体结构示意图；
图15是本发明实施例8的谐振结构的结构示意图；
图16是本发明实施例8的仿真波形图；
图17是本发明滤波器(谐振结构替换结构)的分体结构示意图；
图18a是本发明4阶滤波器的结构示意图；
图18b是本发明图18a中最小谐振结构A的结构示意图；
图18c是本发明4阶滤波器的仿真波形图；
图19a是本发明实施例9的分体结构示意图；
图19b是本发明实施例9的谐振结构的结构示意图；
图19c是本发明实施例9的仿真波形图。
附图标记：
1、谐振结构，12/12a～12h、谐振器，121、谐振头部，122、谐振中部，123、谐振尾部，2、第一盖板，21、凸起部，22、凹陷部，23、屏蔽墙，24、连接柱，3、第二盖板，4、信号输入端口，5、信号输出端口，6、框架，61、分隔壁，62、耦合窗，S1、传输损耗波形图，S2、回波损耗波形图，A、最小谐振结构，7、调谐螺钉，8、耦合调螺，A、最小谐振结构。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
如图1所示，本发明所揭示的一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构1，谐振结构1具体包括多排谐振单元和多列谐振单元，每排谐振单元和每列谐振单元又均包括多个谐振器12。实施时，如图12所示，谐振结构1可以采用整体框架一体式结构(即将谐振器增加框架6，并连接成一体形式)，框架一体式的谐振结构1具有装配简单，装配公差一致性好，且能保持稳定的产品质量的优点。也可以是不带框架的分体式结构，如图1和图17所示，谐振结构1的多排谐振单元分体(如通过螺钉等固定件)固定于一框架6内。
另外，谐振结构1的多排谐振单元在实施时，可以位于同一平面上，即在同一层上，该结构在高度方向可大幅缩小滤波器尺寸。也可以多排谐振单元分层设置，即不位于同一平面上。如图1和图2所示，每排谐振单元均竖向固定于框架6内，且多排谐振单元在框架6沿纵向(即沿框架6的前后方向)并行排布；又如图6和图9、图10、图15所示，多排谐振单元位于同一平面上。
如图5、图8、图9所示，本发明滤波器构成的最小谐振结构A为4阶滤波器，具体地，最小谐振结构A由两排相邻的谐振单元和两列相邻的谐振单元所构成，其中，每排谐振单元和每列谐振单元均具有两个谐振器。实施时，滤波器可以直接是最小谐振结构A，即滤波器为4阶滤波器，或者，最小谐振结构A形成于其他高于4阶的多阶(如6阶、8阶等)滤波器中，且其位于滤波器中的位置不限，具体为，两排相邻的谐振单元中，任意一排谐振单元中相邻的两个谐振器，与另一排中与所述相邻的两个谐振器分别处于同列的两个相邻谐振器，构成该最小谐振结构。
实施时，滤波器中除该最小谐振结构A外，本发明对滤波器中的其他谐振器12之间的耦合极性、排布方式等可以不做限定。
另外，谐振器12的形状设计及其在框架6内的排布结构决定了谐振器12之间的耦合方式。本实施例中，如图1所示，每个谐振器12整体呈一柱体结构，具体包括谐振头部121、谐振中部122、谐振尾部123，其中，谐振头部121是谐振器12电耦合强度最强的部位，反之，谐振尾部123是谐振器12磁耦合强度最强的部位。优选地，设计谐振头部121的宽度宽于谐振中部122及谐振尾部123的宽度，这样可以实现在同频率的要求下进一步减小谐振器12的体积。当然，具有多个折弯部的谐振器结构同样适用于本发明。
多排谐振器12在框架6内沿一条信号传输路径排布，该信号传输路径可以是U型也可是S型，又或者多个连续U型或S型形成的弯道路径等。信号传输路径上相邻两个谐振器12的耦合方式由两者的形状及相互排布位置决定。需要解释的是，一般的TEM(transverse electromagnetic mode，横电磁波模式)模滤波器的耦合为电耦合和磁耦合共存，这两种耦合中其中一种的耦合量远远大于另一种的耦合量时，大的那种称为主导耦合，本发明滤波器中的主导耦合的模式可以由相耦合的两谐振器的排布位置决定。如两者的耦合量主要由谐振头部所产生，则主耦合为电耦合为主，如两者的耦合量主要由谐振尾部所产生，则主耦合为磁耦合，又如两者之间的电耦合的量和磁耦合的量大小悬殊差距不大，则为电磁混合耦合。
其中，当同排谐振器为横向排布时，同列谐振器则为纵向排布，信号可先沿其中一个方向(即横向或纵向)传输；当同排谐振器为纵向排布时，同列谐振器则为横向排布，信号同样也可先沿其中一个方向传输。
如图18a所示，滤波器为4阶滤波器，具体包括第一盖板2、第二盖板3和最小谐振结构A，其中，结合图18b所示，最小谐振结构A由两排谐振单元和两列谐振单元组成，即包括4个谐振器，分别定义为12a、12b、 12c和12d，此时同排为横向排布的谐振器，同列为纵向排布的谐振器，而信号是先沿纵向方向开始传输的。最小谐振结构A同排的两个谐振器12之间以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主。图18a所示的最小谐振结构A中，同排的谐振器12a和12d之间是电耦合为主，同排的谐振器12b和12c之间是磁耦合为主。
为了便于描述，定义该实施例中同排的两个谐振器12为一组。同列的相邻两个谐振器12之间电磁混合耦合，且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反。这里的耦合极性包括上述电耦合为主和磁耦合为主，即两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的耦合极性，一组耦合方式以电耦合为主，另一组耦合方式则以磁耦合为主。另外，两排谐振单元的两列谐振器12中至少形成一个交叉耦合，如图18c所示。
如图5和图8、图9所示，在一具体实施例中，此时同排为横向排布的谐振器，同列为纵向排布的谐振器，而信号是先沿横向方向开始传输的，最小谐振结构A的同排的两个谐振器12之间以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主，为了便于描述，定义该实施例中同排的两个谐振器12为一组。同列的相邻两个谐振器12之间电磁混合耦合，且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反。这里的耦合极性包括上述电耦合为主和磁耦合为主，即两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的耦合极性，一组耦合方式以电耦合为主，另一组耦合方式则以磁耦合为主。另外，两排谐振单元的两列谐振器12中至少形成一个交叉耦合。
具体地，在该实施例中，最小谐振结构A的同排的两个谐振器12的谐振尾部123相连或相对，又或者谐振头部121相对排布，谐振尾部123相连或相对时，形成的耦合以磁耦合为主；谐振头部121相对排布时，形成的耦合则以电耦合为主。同列的两个谐振器12平行或近似平行排布，但两者的谐振头部121或谐振尾部123的朝向是相反的，如其中一谐振器12的谐振头部121朝向左，则另一谐振器的谐振头部121则朝向右，当然同列 的两个谐振器12也不限于这种谐振器朝向相反的排布结构，只要能实现两者电磁混合耦合即可。且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反，具体地，如其中一排的两个谐振器12(即一组谐振器)的谐振头部121相对排布，形成以电耦合为主，则另一排的两个谐振器(即另一组谐振器)的谐振尾部123相连或相对，形成以磁耦合为主，当然两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12不限于这里介绍的排布结构，只要能实现相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器以电耦合为主、磁耦合为主相交替的结构分布即可。
另外，滤波器中的其他谐振器12，可以根据该实施例中谐振器12之间的耦合方式，进行扩展延伸，扩展成具有至少两排、至少两列谐振器12的滤波结构。具体地，同排的相邻两个谐振器12之间均以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；同列的相邻两个谐振器12之间均以电磁混合耦合，且同排的相邻两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反和/或相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反，且多排谐振单元的多列谐振器12中至少形成一个交叉耦合。
如图12和图15所示，在另一具体替换实施例中，此时同排为横向排布的谐振器，同列为纵向排布的谐振器，而信号先沿纵向方向开始传输，最小谐振结构A的同列的两个谐振器12之间电磁混合耦合，即相邻两个谐振器12的电耦合和磁耦合的量达到形成电磁混合耦合的数值。同排的相邻两个谐振器12之间以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主，为了便于描述，定义该实施例中同排的两个谐振器12为一组。且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反。另外，两排谐振单元的两列谐振器12中至少形成一个交叉耦合。
具体地，同列的两个谐振器12平行或近似平行排布，但两者的谐振头部121或谐振尾部123的朝向是相反的；同排的两个谐振器的谐振尾部123相连或谐振头部121相对排布；两排谐振单元的两组谐振器12的排布方式与上述解释相同，这里不做赘述。
同样，滤波器中的其他谐振器12，也可以根据该替换实施例中谐振器12之间的耦合方式，进行扩展延伸，扩展成具有至少两排、至少两列谐振器12的滤波结构。具体地，同列的相邻两个谐振器12之间均电磁混合耦合；同排的相邻两个谐振器12之间均以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主，且同排的相邻两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反和/或相邻两列的相邻两组谐振器12的耦合极性相反，且形成至少一个交叉耦合。该交叉耦合在带宽左右分别产生一个传输零点，且根据谐振器12的数量，可增加交叉耦合的数量从而来增加零点的数量。本发明谐振器12之间交叉耦合的实现无需额外的结构件，但是形成交叉耦合的相邻两个谐振器12之间根据情况可增加额外的结构件(如金属杆、绝缘体等支撑件，图未示)实现，以进一步增加交叉耦合量。
进一步地，滤波器还包括设置于谐振结构上的盖板，盖板与谐振结构间形成一封闭的滤波腔体，实施时，盖板可包括分别盖合于谐振结构两侧端面上的第一盖板2和第二盖板3，第一盖板2、第二盖板3的结构基本相同，这里具体介绍下第一盖板2的结构，第二盖板3不做赘述，可参照下面第一盖板2的描述。结合图11所示，第一盖板2包括设置于其下端面上的多个凸起部21、至少一屏蔽墙23和至少一连接柱24，这里的下端面即靠近谐振结构1的那一面。其中，凸起部21自第一盖板2的下端面向靠近谐振结构1的方向延伸形成，且凸起部21在第一盖板2上的设置位置与谐振器12的谐振头部121位置相对应，即第一盖板2的下端面上对应谐振器谐振头部121的位置设置上述凸起部21，这样会拉近第一盖板2与谐振器12的谐振头部121的距离，因为离谐振器12越近，分布电容越大，随之谐振频率降低，这样可有效缩短谐振器长度，进而相对的减少了滤波器的体积，以此来实现滤波器的小型化。
第一盖板2上相对上述凸起部21，则形成多个凹陷部22，凹陷部22在第一盖板2上的设置位置与谐振器12的谐振尾部123位置相对应，即第 一盖板2的下端面上对应谐振器12的谐振尾部123的位置设置上述凹陷部22，这样会扩大谐振尾部123与第一盖板2之间的空间，因为离谐振器12越远，电感量越大，随之谐振频率提高，这样可缩短谐振器12的长度，相对的减小了滤波器的体积，及改善谐振器的Q值，减少损耗。
屏蔽墙23设置于相邻的两个谐振器12之间，用于调整两个谐振器12之间的耦合强弱，虽然谐振器12之间的耦合强弱可由谐振器12之间的间距来调整，但是这种方式可能带来滤波器体积变大，而设置屏蔽墙23，在可调整谐振器12之间耦合强弱的基础上，并不影响滤波器体积。
连接柱24设置于同排的相邻的两个谐振器12之间，且连接第一、第二盖板2、3。连接柱24的设置可改善滤波器的谐波特性。连接柱24实施时，设置在第一盖板或者第二盖板上。
另外，结合图1和图2所示，框架6上还可设置多个穿过框架6上端面且下端伸入到相应谐振器12上方的调谐螺钉7，用于调整谐振器12的谐振频率；及穿过滤波框架6上端面且下端伸入到相邻两个谐振器12之间耦合调螺8，用于调整各谐振器12之间的耦合量。
信号输入端口4和信号输出端口5分别设置在上述信号传输路径的两个末端，根据信号传输路径的不同，其设置位置也可以相应不同。
下面以几个具体实施例，来介绍下本发明交叉耦合滤波器的结构。
实施例1
结合图1～图3所示，本发明实施例1的一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构1、第一盖板2、第二盖板3，其中，第一盖板2、第二盖板3分别盖合在框架6的前后侧面上，以使框架内形成一封闭的滤波腔体，谐振结构1分体安装于框架6内。其中，第一盖板2、第二盖板3的结构可参见上述描述，这里不再赘述。下面具体介绍下谐振结构1的结构。
如图3所示，本发明实施例1的谐振结构1形成的滤波器为6阶的滤波器，其包括两排谐振单元，这两排谐振单元不在同一平面上，具体沿框 架6的前后方向分层设置。每排谐振单元在框架6内竖向(即框架6的上下方向)设置，且每排谐振单元包括3个谐振器12，即框架内设置6个谐振器12，为了便于描述，定义这6个谐振器分别为谐振器12a、谐振器12b……谐振器12f，其中，谐振器12a～谐振器12c为一排，谐振器12d～谐振器12f为一排。每个谐振器的结构如上面所描述的，这里不再赘述。
6个谐振器在框架内按U型信号传输路径排布，具体地，信号自谐振器12a输入，依次经过谐振器12b～谐振器12e后，最后自谐振器12f输出，也就是说，本实施例1的信号输入端口与谐振器12a相电连，信号输出端口与谐振器12f相电连。
其中，同排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间分别形成电耦合为主、磁耦合为主，即电耦合为主、磁耦合为主的交替耦合；同排的谐振器12d和谐振器12e之间、谐振器12e和谐振器12f之间分别形成电耦合为主、磁耦合为主，即电耦合为主、磁耦合为主的交替耦合。
同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12f之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12e之间、谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间均为电磁混合耦合，且位于两排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间的耦合极性(具体为电耦合为主)与谐振器12f和谐振器12e之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)相反，且位于两排的谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)与谐振器12e和谐振器12d之间的耦合极性(具体为电耦合为主)相反。
且同列的谐振器12b和谐振器12e之间产生交叉耦合(定义为第一交叉耦合)。同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12f之间也产生交叉耦合(定义为第二交叉耦合)，也就是说，本实施例1的滤波器中形成两个交叉耦合，每个交叉耦合在带宽左右两侧分别产生一个传输零点，从而共产生四个传输零点，如图4所示。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振尾部朝向框架6的左侧壁，且通过固定螺钉固定于框架上，谐振头部则与谐振器12b的谐振头部相对，谐振器12b的谐振尾部与谐振器12c的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12c的谐振头部则朝向框架6的右侧壁。另一排的谐振器12d的谐振尾部朝向框架6的右侧壁，谐振头部与谐振器12e的谐振头部相对，谐振器12e的谐振尾部与谐振器12f的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12f的谐振头部朝向框架6的左侧壁。这样，同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12f、同列的谐振器12b和谐振器12e、同列的谐振器12c和谐振器12d的朝向相反。
优选地，框架6内还设置位于两排谐振单元之间的分隔壁61，分隔壁上设置有至少一个使两排谐振单元产生耦合的耦合窗62。
实施例2
如图5所示，本发明实施例2的一种交叉耦合滤波器，是上述实施例1的一种替换实施方式，本发明实施例2的谐振结构1形成的滤波器也为6阶滤波器，且其也包括两排谐振单元，这两排谐振单元不在同一平面上，具体沿框架的前后方向分层设置。与实施例1不同的是，本实施例2中的谐振器12a、谐振器12b、谐振器12f和谐振器12e构成上述最小谐振结构A。该最小谐振结构A中，同排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间以电耦合为主，同排的谐振器12f和谐振器12e之间以磁耦合为主，且谐振器12a和谐振器12f之间产生交叉耦合。
除该最小谐振结构A外，其他谐振器的耦合方式不限定。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振尾部朝向框架6的右侧壁，谐振头部与谐振器12b的谐振头部相对，谐振器12b的谐振尾部与谐振器12c的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12c的谐振头部朝向框架6的左侧壁。谐振器12d的谐振头部朝向框架6的左侧壁，谐振尾部与谐振器12e的谐振头部相对，谐振器12e的谐振尾部与谐振器12f的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12f的谐振头部朝向框架6的右侧壁。
实施例3
如图6所示，本发明实施例3的一种交叉耦合滤波器，同样是上述实施例1的一种替换实施方式。与实施例1不同的是，本实施例3中的两排谐振单元位于同一平面上，其他6个谐振器的排布结构和耦合方式与上述实施例1的相同，这里不做赘述。
实施例4
本发明实施例4的一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构1、框架6、信号输入端口4和信号输出端口5，其中，谐振结构1分体安装于框架6内。下面具体介绍下谐振结构1的结构。
如图7所示，本发明实施例4的谐振结构1形成的滤波器为8阶的滤波器，其包括两排谐振单元，这两排谐振单元不在同一平面上，具体沿框架6的前后方向分层设置。每排谐振单元在框架6内竖向(即框架6的上下方向)设置，且每排谐振单元包括4个谐振器12，即框架6内设置8个谐振器12，为了便于描述，定义这8个谐振器分别为谐振器12a、谐振器12b……谐振器12h，其中，谐振器12a～谐振器12d为一排，谐振器12e～谐振器12h为一排。每个谐振器的结构如上面所描述的，这里不再赘述。
8个谐振器在框架内按U型信号传输路径排布，具体地，信号自谐振器12a输入，依次经过谐振器12b～谐振器12g后，最后自谐振器12h输出，也就是说，本实施例4的信号输入端口4与谐振器12a相电连，信号输出端口5与谐振器12h相电连。
其中，同排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12c、谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间分别形成以磁耦合为主、电耦合为主、磁耦合，即以磁耦合为主、电耦合为主的交替耦合；同排的谐振器12h和谐振器12g之间、谐振器12g和谐振器12f之间、谐振器12f和谐振器12e之间分别形成以电耦合为主、磁耦合为主、电耦合为主，即电耦合为主、磁耦合为主的交替耦合。
同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12h之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12g之间、谐振器12c和谐振器12f之间、谐振器12d和谐振器12e之间均为电磁混合耦合，且位于两排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)与谐振器12h和谐振器12g之间的耦合极性(具体为电耦合为主)相反，且位于两排的谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间的耦合极性(具体为电耦合为主)与谐振器12g和谐振器12f之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)相反，位于两排的谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)与谐振器12f和谐振器12e之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)相反。
且同列的谐振器12c和谐振器12f之间产生交叉耦合(定义为第一交叉耦合)。同列的谐振器12b和谐振器12g之间也产生交叉耦合(定义为第二交叉耦合)。同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12h之间也产生交叉耦合(定义为第三交叉耦合)，也就是说，本实施例4的滤波器中形成三个交叉耦合，每个交叉耦合在带宽左右两侧分别产生一个传输零点，从而共产生六个传输零点，如图7b所示。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振头部朝向框架6的左侧壁，谐振尾部则与谐振器12b的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12b的谐振头部与谐振器12c的谐振头部相对，谐振器12c的谐振尾部与谐振器12d的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12d的谐振头部则朝向框架6的右侧壁。另一排的谐振器12e的谐振尾部朝向框架6的右侧壁，谐振头部与谐振器12f的谐振头部相对，谐振器12f的谐振尾部与谐振器12g的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12g的谐振头部与谐振器12h的谐振头部相对，谐振器12h朝向框架6的左侧壁。这样，同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12h、同列的谐振器12b和谐振器12g、同列的谐振器12c和谐振器12f、同列的谐振器12d和谐振器12e的朝向相反。
同样，优选地，框架6内还设置位于两排谐振单元之间的分隔壁6，分隔壁6上设置有至少一个使两排谐振单元产生耦合的耦合窗61。
实施例5
如图8所示，本发明实施例5的一种交叉耦合滤波器，是上述实施例4的一种替换实施方式，本发明实施例4的谐振结构1形成的滤波器也为8阶滤波器，且其也包括两排谐振单元，这两排谐振单元不在同一平面上，具体沿框架的前后方向分层设置。与实施例4不同的是，本实施例5中的谐振器12a、谐振器12b、谐振器12h和谐振器12g构成上述最小谐振结构A。该最小谐振结构A中，同排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间以电耦合为主，同排的谐振器12h和谐振器12g之间以磁耦合为主。
除该最小谐振结构A外，同排的谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间以电耦合为主，同排的谐振器12f和谐振器12e之间以电耦合为主；同排的谐振器12f和谐振器12g之间电磁混合耦合，同排的谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间以磁耦合为主。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振尾部朝向框架6的左侧壁，谐振头部与谐振器12b的谐振头部相对，谐振器12b的谐振尾部与谐振器12c的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12c的谐振头部与谐振器12d的谐振头部相对，谐振器12d朝向框架6的右侧壁。谐振器12e的谐振头部朝向框架6的右侧壁，谐振头部与谐振器12f的谐振头部相对，谐振器12f的谐振尾部与谐振器12g的谐振头部相对，谐振器12g的谐振尾部与谐振器12h的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12h的谐振尾部朝向框架6的左侧壁。
实施例6
如图9所示，本发明实施例6的一种交叉耦合滤波器，是上述实施例5的一种替换实施方式。与实施例5不同的是，本实施例6中的两排谐振单元位于同一平面上，其他6个谐振器的排布结构和耦合方式与上述实施例1的相同，这里不做赘述。
实施例7
结合图10～图12所示，本发明实施例7的一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构，谐振结构1呈整体框架一体式结构。下面具体介绍下谐振结构1的结构。
本发明实施例7的谐振结构1形成的滤波器为6阶滤波器，其包括框架6和一体成型于框架6内的三排谐振单元，每排谐振单元包括2个谐振器12，即框架内设置6个谐振器12，为了便于描述，定义这6个谐振器分别为谐振器12a、谐振器12b……谐振器12f，其中，谐振器12a与谐振器12f为一排，谐振器12b与谐振器12e为一排，谐振器12c与谐振器12d为一排。每个谐振器的结构如上面所描述的，这里不再赘述。
三排谐振器12在框架内沿框架6的前、后侧壁所在的前后方向分布。且6个谐振器在框架内按U型信号传输路径排布，具体地，信号自谐振器12a输入，依次经过谐振器12b～谐振器12e后，最后自谐振器12f输出，也就是说，本实施例1的信号输入端口与谐振器12a相电连，信号输出端口与谐振器12f相电连。
其中，同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间为电磁混合耦合，同排的谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间为电耦合为主，同列谐振器12d和谐振器12e之间、谐振器12e和谐振器12f之间也为电磁混合耦合，同排的谐振器12b和谐振器12e之间产生的交叉耦合(定义为第一交叉耦合)为磁耦合为主，与谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间的电耦合为主相反，同排的谐振器12a和12f之间的交叉耦合(定义为第二交叉耦合)为电耦合为主，与谐振器12b和谐振器12e之间的磁耦合为主相反，也就是说，谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12e之间及谐振器12a和12f之间分别形成电耦合为主、磁耦合为主、电耦合为主，即电耦合为主和磁耦合为主的交替耦合。本实施例1形成两个交叉耦合，每个交叉耦合在带宽左右分别产生一个传输零点，从而共产生四个传输零点，如图13所示。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振尾部123与框架6的左侧壁一体成型，谐振头部121则与谐振器12f的谐振头部121相对，且两个谐振头部121之间具有耦合间隙，谐振器12f的谐振尾部123与框架6的右侧壁一体成型；谐振器12b和谐振器12e的谐振尾部123相连且与框架6的后侧壁一体成型，且谐振器12b和谐振器12e与框架6的后侧壁相连的连接部上设置有耦合窗口，供谐振器12a和谐振器12f的谐振头部121之间产生交叉耦合，谐振头部121则各自朝向框架6的左侧壁和右侧壁，且与左侧壁和右侧壁均不接触；谐振器12c的谐振尾部123与框架6的左侧壁一体成型，谐振头部121则与谐振器12d的谐振头部121相对，且两个谐振头部121之间具有耦合间隙，谐振器12d的谐振尾部123与框架6的右侧壁一体成型。
优选地，为了增加谐振器12a和谐振器12f之间的交叉耦合量，可以根据情况增加上述额外的连接谐振器12a和谐振器12f的结构件来增加两者之间的耦合量。
实施例8
结合图14和图15所示，本发明实施例8的一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构1、上盖板2、下盖板3、信号输入端口4和信号输出端口5，其中，本发明实施例5的谐振结构形成的滤波器为8阶滤波器，其包括框架6和一体成型于框架6内的两排谐振单元，每排谐振单元包括4个谐振器，即框架内设置8个谐振器，结合图15所示，同样，为了便于描述，定义这8个谐振器分别为谐振器12a、谐振器12b……谐振器12h，其中，谐振器12a、谐振器12d、谐振器12e、谐振器12h为一排，谐振器12b、谐振器12c、谐振器12f、谐振器12g为一排。每个谐振器的结构如上面所描述的，这里不再赘述。
两排谐振器在框架内沿框架的前、后侧壁所在的前后方向分布。且8个谐振器在框架内按多个连续S型形成的信号传输路径排布，具体地，信号自谐振器12a输入，依次经过谐振器12b～谐振器12g后，最后自谐振器 12h输出，也就是说，本实施例5的信号输入端口与谐振器12a相电连，信号输出端口与谐振器12h相电连。
其中，同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间、谐振器12c和谐振器12d、谐振器12e和谐振器12f之间、谐振器12g和谐振器12h之间均为电磁混合耦合，同排的谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间为磁耦合为主，谐振器12a和谐振器12d之间产生的交叉耦合(定义为第一交叉耦合)为电耦合为主，与谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间的磁耦合为主相反；同排的谐振器12f和谐振器12g之间为磁耦合为主，谐振器12e和谐振器12h之间产生的交叉耦合(定义为第二交叉耦合)为电耦合为主，与谐振器12f和谐振器12g之间的磁耦合为主相反。也就是说，谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间、谐振器12a和谐振器12d之间、谐振器12d和谐振器12e之间、谐振器12c和谐振器12f之间、谐振器12f和谐振器12g之间、谐振器12e和谐振器12h之间分别形成磁耦合为主、电耦合为主、磁耦合为主、电耦合为主、磁耦合为主和电耦合为主，即磁耦合为主和电耦合为主交替耦合。本实施例8形成两个交叉耦合，每个交叉耦合在带宽左右分别产生一个传输零点，从而共产生四个传输零点，如图16所示。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振尾部123与框架6的左侧壁一体成型，谐振头部121则与谐振器12d的谐振头部121相对，且两个谐振头部121之间具有耦合间隙，且谐振器12a与谐振器12d的两个谐振头部121之间还设置有调节两者电耦合量的屏蔽墙。谐振器12b与谐振器12c的两个谐振尾部123相连且与框架6的前侧壁一体成型，两者的谐振头部121朝向相反。谐振器12d的谐振尾部123与谐振器12e的谐振尾部123相连且与框架6的前侧壁一体成型，两者的谐振头部123朝向相反。谐振器12c的谐振头部121与谐振器12f的谐振头部121相对，且被谐振器12d和谐振器12e与框架6的前侧壁相连的连接部分隔开。谐振器12f的谐振尾部123与谐振器12g的谐振尾部123相连且与框架6的前侧壁一体成型，两者的谐 振头部121朝向相反。谐振器12e的谐振头部121则与谐振器12h的谐振头部121相对，且两个谐振头部121之间具有耦合间隙，且两个谐振头部121之间还设置有调节两者电耦合量的屏蔽墙23。
实施例9
结合图19a和19b所示，本发明实施例9的一种交叉耦合滤波器，包括谐振结构1、第一盖板2和框架6，其中，第一盖板2盖合在框架6的前后侧面上，以使框架6内形成一封闭的滤波腔体，谐振结构1分体安装于框架6内。下面具体介绍下谐振结构1的结构。
如图19b所示，本发明实施例9的谐振结构1形成的滤波器为8阶的滤波器，其包括两排谐振单元，这两排谐振单元在同一平面上，具体沿框架6的前后方向设置。每排谐振单元包括4个谐振器12，即框架内设置8个谐振器12，为了便于描述，定义这8个谐振器分别为谐振器12a、谐振器12b……谐振器12h，其中，谐振器12a～谐振器12d为一排，谐振器12e～谐振器12h为一排。每个谐振器的结构如上面所描述的，这里不再赘述。
8个谐振器在框架内按U型信号传输路径排布，具体地，信号自谐振器12a输入，依次经过谐振器12b～谐振器12g后，最后自谐振器12h输出，也就是说，本实施例9的信号输入端口与谐振器12a相电连，信号输出端口与谐振器12h相电连。
其中，同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12h之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12g之间分别形成电耦合为主、磁耦合为主，即电耦合为主、磁耦合为主的交替耦合；同列的谐振器12c和谐振器12f之间、谐振器12d和谐振器12e之间分别形成电耦合为主、磁耦合为主，即电耦合为主、磁耦合为主的交替耦合。
同排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b之间、谐振器12b和谐振器12c之间、谐振器12c和谐振器12d之间均为电磁混合耦合，且位于两列的谐振器12a和谐振器12h之间的耦合极性(具体为电耦合为主)与谐振器12b和谐振 器12g之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)相反，且位于两列的谐振器12c和谐振器12f之间的耦合极性(具体为电耦合为主)与谐振器12d和谐振器12e之间的耦合极性(具体为磁耦合为主)相反。
且同列的谐振器12c和谐振器12f之间产生交叉耦合(定义为第一交叉耦合)。同列的谐振器12b和谐振器12g之间也产生交叉耦合(定义为第二交叉耦合)，同列的谐振器12a和谐振器12h之间也产生交叉耦合(定义为第三交叉耦合)，也就是说，本实施例9的滤波器中形成三个交叉耦合，每个交叉耦合在带宽左右两侧分别产生一个传输零点，从而共产生六个传输零点，如图19c所示。
具体地，谐振器12a的谐振尾部朝向框架6的后侧壁，且通过固定螺钉固定于框架上，谐振头部则与谐振器12h的谐振头部相对，谐振器12h的谐振尾部朝向框架6的前侧壁，且通过固定螺钉固定于框架上；谐振器12b的谐振头部朝向框架6的后侧壁，谐振器12b的谐振尾部与谐振器12g的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12g的谐振头部则朝向框架6的前侧壁。谐振器12c的谐振尾部固定于框架6的后侧壁上，谐振头部与谐振器12f的谐振头部相对，谐振器12f的谐振尾部固定于框架6的前侧壁上；谐振器12d的谐振尾部与谐振器12h的谐振尾部相连，谐振器12d和谐振器12e的谐振头部分别朝向框架6的后侧壁和前侧壁。这样，同排的谐振器12a和谐振器12b、谐振器12b和谐振器12c、谐振器12c和谐振器12d的朝向相反；同排的谐振器12e和谐振器12f、谐振器12f和谐振器12g、谐振器12g和谐振器12h的朝向相反。
优选地，框架6内还设置位于两排谐振单元之间的分隔壁61，分隔壁上设置有至少一个使两排谐振单元产生耦合的耦合窗62。
除上述实施例1～8所介绍的6阶、8阶滤波器外，本发明适用于4阶及4阶以上的任意一种滤波器。
本发明的技术内容及技术特征已揭示如上，然而熟悉本领域的技术人员仍可能基于本发明的教示及揭示而作种种不背离本发明精神的替换及修饰，因此，本发明保护范围应不限于实施例所揭示的内容，而应包括各种不背离本发明的替换及修饰，并为本专利申请权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，其包括：
    谐振结构，所述谐振结构包括至少两排谐振单元及至少两列谐振单元，每排和每列谐振单元均包括至少两个谐振器，其中，两排相邻的谐振单元中，任意一排谐振单元中相邻的两个谐振器，与另一排中与所述相邻的两个谐振器分别处于同列的两个相邻谐振器，构成一最小谐振结构，
    所述最小谐振结构中，同排的两个谐振器形成一组，且同排的两个谐振器之间以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；同列的两个谐振器之间电磁混合耦合；且两排谐振单元的两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，且形成至少一个交叉耦合；
    所述耦合极性包括电耦合为主或磁耦合为主。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，所述谐振结构中，同排的相邻两个谐振器之间均以电耦合为主或磁耦合为主；同列的相邻两个谐振器之间均以电磁混合耦合，且同排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反和/或相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，且形成至少一个交叉耦合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，多排所述谐振单元位于同一平面上或者分层设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，每个所述谐振器包括相对的谐振头部和谐振尾部，所述谐振头部的宽度大于所述谐振尾部的宽度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，同排的相邻两个谐振器的所述谐振尾部相连或相对，形成磁耦合为主，或者谐振头部相对，形成电耦合为主；同列的相邻两个谐振器平行或近似平行设置，且同列的相邻两个谐振器之间形成电磁混合耦合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器以电耦合为主、磁耦合为主相交替的结构分布，使得相邻两排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反，和/或，同排的多组谐振器以电耦合为主、磁耦合为主相交替的结构分布，使得同排的相邻两组谐振器的耦合极性相反。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，所述谐振结构还包括框架，所述谐振单元一体成型于框架上或组装于框架上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，所述滤波器还包括设置于谐振结构上的盖板，所述盖板包括多个凸起部、至少一屏蔽墙，其中，
    所述凸起部自盖板靠近谐振结构的端面向靠近谐振结构的方向延伸形成，且凸起部在盖板上的设置位置与谐振结构上谐振器的谐振头部位置相对应；
    所述屏蔽墙位于相邻的两个谐振器之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，所述交叉耦合滤波器还包括至少一个用于增强谐振器间的交叉耦合量的结构件，所述结构件连接形成交叉耦合的两个谐振器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的交叉耦合滤波器，其特征在于，所述滤波器还包括多个调谐螺钉和多个耦合调螺，所述调谐螺钉位于相应谐振器的上方，用于调整谐振器的谐振频率；所述耦合调螺位于相邻两个谐振器之间，用于调整谐振器之间的耦合量。
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