Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
  • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
  • H04W48/14—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using user query or user detection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/0289—Congestion control
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
  • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
  • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
  • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
  • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
  • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
  • H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment

Definitions

• This disclosure relates generally to wireless devices, and more particularly to managing wireless devices to obtain required system information from the base station while reducing wireless link congestion.
• a wireless base station provides certain system information (SI) that enables a wireless device to establish a communication link with the base station.
• SI may be provided in one or more blocks, such as a Master Information Block (MIB) or a System Information Block (SIB).
• MIB and SIB schedules are fixed, and all SIBs are broadcast via base station.
• SI is divided into minimum system information (MSIB) and other system information.
• MSIB such as the MIB and SIB1 messages, are broadcast periodically, and include basic information required by a wireless device to attempt initial access to a cell, and information for acquiring other system information.
• Some base stations may broadcast the other system information. However, some base stations may provide the other system information on-demand, such as in response to a request such information received from a wireless device.
• One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a wireless device. Some implementations may include receiving, from the base station, a system information (SI) change indication in first SI, determining, from the first SI, scheduling information of second SI, determining a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI, and sending the request for the second SI using the determined factor.
• SI system information
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a System Information Block 1 (SIB 1) message.
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a Master Information Block (MIB) message.
• MIB Master Information Block
• Some implementations may include determining whether the second SI is on-demand SI based on the first SI. In such implementations, determining the factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI may include determining the factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI in response to determining that the second SI is on-demand SI.
• determining a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI may include determining a random back off (RBO) time for sending a request for the second SI, and sending the request for the second SI using the determined factor may include sending the request for the second SI using the determined RBO time.
• RBO random back off
• determining a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI may include determining an access barring class for the wireless device, and sending the request for the second SI using the determined factor may include sending the request for the second SI according to the determined access barring class.
• determining a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI may include determining a factor for reducing a probability that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI.
• a wireless device may include receiving, from a base station, network configuration information in a first system information (SI), determining, from the network configuration information in the first SI, a type of access channel request to send to the base station, sending to the base station one or more first requests for second SI based on the determined type of access channel request, determining whether an access channel request failure has occurred after sending at least one of the first requests for the second SI, determining an RBO time for sending a second access channel request based on the determined type of access channel request in response to determining that an access channel request failure has occurred, and sending to the base station the second request for the second SI based on the RBO time.
• SI system information
• the type of access channel request may include one of a Message- 1 single resource request, a Message- 1 multiple resource request, and a Message-3 request.
• sending to the base station a number of access channel requests based on the determined type of access channel request may include sending to the base station a plurality of access channel requests based on the determined type of access channel request, and determining that an access channel request failure has occurred may include determining that an access channel request failure has occurred after sending any of the plurality of access channel requests.
• Some implementations may include identifying one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive, and sending to the base station a request for the one or more messages of the second system information that the wireless device did not receive using the RBO time. Some implementations may include determining whether a time for receiving the second SI has elapsed, and sending to the base station a third request for the second SI in response to determining that the time for receiving the second SI has elapsed.
• determining whether an access channel request failure has occurred after sending at least one of the first requests for the second SI may include monitoring for the second SI based on the one or more first requests for the second SI and determining that the access channel request failure has occurred based on a failure to receive at least one element of the second SI.
• monitoring for the second SI based on the requests for the second SI may include monitoring for the second SI requested by another wireless device.
• a wireless device may include a first interface configured to obtain a system information (SI) change indication in first SI, and a processing system coupled to the first interface and configured to determine from the first SI scheduling information of second SI, determine a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI, and send the request for the second SI using the determined factor.
• SI system information
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a System Information Block 1 (SIB 1) message.
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a Master Information Block (MIB) message.
• the processing system may be further configured to determine whether the second SI is on-demand SI based on the first SI. In such configurations, the processing system may be further configured to determine the factor for reducing a probability that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI in response to determining that the second SI is on- demand SI.
• the processing system may be further configured to determine an RBO time for sending a request for the second SI, and send the request for the second SI using the determined RBO time. In some implementations, the processing system may be further configured to determine an access barring class for the wireless device, and send the request for the second SI according to the
• the processing system may be further configured to determine a factor for reducing a probability that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI.
• Some implementations of the wireless device may include a first interface configured to obtain network configuration information in a first SI, and a processing system coupled to the first interface and configured to determine from the network configuration information a type of access channel request to send to a base station, send to the base station one or more first requests for second SI based on the determined type of access channel request, determine whether an access channel request failure has occurred after sending at least one of the first requests for second SI, determine an RBO time for sending a second access channel request based on the determined type of access channel request in response to determining that an access channel request failure has occurred, and send to the base station a second request for the second SI based on the RBO time.
• the type of access channel request may include one of a Message- 1 single resource request, a Message- 1 multiple resource request, and a Message-3 request.
• the processing system may be further configured to send to the base station a plurality of access channel requests based on the determined type of access channel request, and determine that an access channel request failure has occurred after sending any of the plurality of access channel requests.
• the processing system may be further configured to identify one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive, and send to the base station a request for the one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive using the RBO time.
• the processing system may be further configured to determine whether a time for receiving the second SI has elapsed, and send to the base station a third request for the second SI in response to determining that the time for receiving the second SI has elapsed. In some implementations, the processing system may be further configured to monitor for the second SI based on the one or more first requests for the second SI, and determine that the access channel request failure has occurred based on a failure to receive at least one element of the second SI. In some implementations, the processing system may be further configured to monitor for the second SI requested by another wireless device.
• Figure 1A shows a block diagram illustrating an example communication system.
• Figure IB shows a data flow diagram illustrating an example of system information provisioning.
• Figure 2 shows a component block diagram of an example computing system.
• Figure 3 shows a component block diagram of an example software
• Figure 4 shows a component block diagram of an example system configured for managing paging monitoring by a processor of a wireless device.
• Figure 5 shows a process flow diagram of an example method for managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• Figures 6A-6C show process flow diagrams of example operations that may be performed as part of the methods for managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• Figure 7 shows a process flow diagram of an example method for managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• Figures 8A-8D show process flow diagrams of example operations that may be performed as part of the methods for managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• Figure 9 shows a component block diagram of an example network computing device.
• Figure 10 shows a component block diagram of an example wireless device.
• the described implementations may be implemented in any device, system, or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 16.11 standards, or any of the IEEE 802.11 standards, the Bluetooth® standard, code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), GSM/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO), lxEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), AMPS, or other signals that are used to communicate within a wireless,
• RF
• Certain base stations implementing 5G NR communication protocols may be configured to broadcast a reduced amount of system information (SI). Such base stations may be configured to provide additional SI in response to a request from a wireless device.
• SI is critical for wireless devices to establish communication with the base station.
• numerous wireless devices requesting on-demand SI from the base station may cause an increase in wireless communication link
• a wireless device that is performing a procedure for managing communication with a base station may receive from the base station a SI change indication in first SI.
• the wireless device may determine scheduling information of second SI from the first SI.
• the wireless device may determine a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI.
• the factor may be a factor for reducing the probability that the request for the second SI will collide with the request from the other wireless device for the second SI.
• the wireless device may send the request for the second SI to the base station.
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a System Information Block 1 (SIB1) message. In some implementations, the first SI may include one or more elements of a Master Information Block (MIB) message.
• SIB1 System Information Block 1
• MIB Master Information Block
• the wireless device may determine whether the second SI is on-demand SI based on the first SI. In some implementations, the wireless device may determine the factor for reducing the probability that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI in response to determining that the second SI is on-demand SI.
• the wireless device may determine a random back off (RBO) time for sending a request for the second SI, and may send the request for the second SI using the determined RBO time.
• the wireless device may determine an access barring class for the wireless device, and may send the request for the second SI according to the determined access barring class.
• a wireless device that is performing a procedure for managing communication with a base station may receive from the base station network configuration information in first SI, and may determine from the network configuration information a type of access channel request to send to the base station. The wireless device may send to the base station a number of requests for second SI based on the determined type of access channel request. The wireless device may determine that an access channel request failure has occurred after sending at least one of the requests for the second SI. In some implementations, the wireless device may determine an RBO time for sending a second access channel request based on the determined type of access channel request, and may send to the base station the second request for the second SI using on the RBO time.
• the type of access channel request may include one of a Message- 1 single resource request, a Message- 1 multiple resource request, and a Message-3 request.
• the wireless device may send to the base station a plurality of access channel requests based on the determined type of access channel request, and may determine that an access channel request failure has occurred after sending any of the plurality of access channel requests.
• the wireless device may identify one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive. The wireless device may use the RBO time to schedule sending to the base station a request for the one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive.
• the wireless device may determine that a time for receiving the second SI has elapsed, and may send to the base station a third request for the second SI. In some implementations, the wireless device may monitor for the second SI based on the requests for the second SI, and may determine that the access channel request failure has occurred based on a failure to receive at least one element of the second SI. In some implementations, the wireless device may monitor for the second SI that has been requested by another wireless device.
• This disclosure may provide improved techniques for managing communications between a base station and one or more wireless devices.
• the techniques may be used for managing the provisioning of SI from the base station to the one or more wireless devices.
• the techniques may provide improved for increasing communication efficiency and decreasing wireless communication link congestion between the base station and the one or more wireless devices.
• wireless device is used herein to refer to any one or all of wireless router devices, wireless appliances, cellular telephones, smartphones, portable computing devices, personal or mobile multi-media players, laptop computers, tablet computers, smartbooks, palmtop computers, wireless electronic mail receivers, multimedia Internet-enabled cellular telephones, wireless gaming controllers, wireless-network enabled Internet of Things (IoT) devices including large and small machinery and appliances for home or enterprise use, wireless communication elements within autonomous and semiautonomous vehicles, wireless devices affixed to or incorporated into various mobile platforms, and similar electronic devices that include a memory, wireless communication components and a programmable processor.
• IoT Internet of Things
• SOC system on chip
• a single SOC may contain circuitry for digital, analog, mixed-signal, and radio-frequency functions.
• a single SOC also may include any number of general purpose or specialized processors (digital signal processors, modem processors, video processors, etc.), memory blocks (such as ROM, RAM, Flash, etc.), and resources (such as timers, voltage regulators, oscillators, etc.).
• SOCs also may include software for controlling the integrated resources and processors, as well as for controlling peripheral devices.
• SIP system in a package
• a SIP may include a single substrate on which multiple IC chips or semiconductor dies are stacked in a vertical configuration.
• the SIP may include one or more multi chip modules (MCMs) on which multiple ICs or semiconductor dies are packaged into a unifying substrate.
• MCMs multi chip modules
• a SIP also may include multiple independent SOCs coupled together via high speed communication circuitry and packaged in close proximity, such as on a single motherboard or in a single wireless device. The proximity of the SOCs facilitates high speed communications and the sharing of memory and resources.
• the term“processing system” is used herein to refer to a processor, an SOC, or an SIP, coupled to or including a memory device.
• the term“multicore processor” may be used herein to refer to a single integrated circuit (IC) chip or chip package that contains two or more independent processing cores (such as CPU core, Internet protocol (IP) core, graphics processor unit (GPU) core, etc.) configured to read and execute program instructions.
• a SOC may include multiple multicore processors, and each processor in an SOC may be referred to as a core.
• the term“multiprocessor” may be used herein to refer to a system or device that includes two or more processing units configured to read and execute program instructions.
• FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a communications system 100 that is suitable for implementing various implementations.
• the communications system 100 may be a 5G NR network, or any other suitable network such as an LTE network.
• the communications system 100 may include a heterogeneous network architecture that includes a communication network 140 and a variety of mobile devices (illustrated as wireless device 120a- 120e in Figure 1).
• the communications system 100 also may include a number of base stations (illustrated as the BS 110a, the BS 110b, the BS 110c, and the BS 1 lOd) and other network entities.
• a base station is an entity that communicates with wireless devices (mobile devices), and also may be referred to as an NodeB, a Node B, an LTE evolved nodeB (eNB), an access point (AP), a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP), a New Radio base station (NR BS), a 5G NodeB (NB), a Next Generation NodeB (gNB), or the like.
• Each base station may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
• the term“cell” can refer to a coverage area of a base station, a base station subsystem serving this coverage area, or a combination thereof, depending on the context in which the term is used.
• a base station 1 lOa-1 lOd may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, another type of cell, or a combination thereof.
• a macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by mobile devices with service subscription.
• a pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by mobile devices with service subscription.
• a femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by mobile devices having association with the femto cell (for example, mobile devices in a closed subscriber group (CSG)).
• CSG closed subscriber group
• a base station for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
• a base station for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS.
• a base station for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.
• a base station 110a may be a macro BS for a macro cell 102a
• a base station 110b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b
• a base station 110c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102c.
• a base station 1 lOa-1 lOd may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells.
• the terms“eNB”,“base station”, “NR BS”,“gNB”,“TRP”,“AP”,“node B”,“5G NB”, and“cell” may be used interchangeably herein.
• a cell may not be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile base station.
• the base stations 1 lOa-1 lOd may be interconnected to one another as well as to one or more other base stations or network nodes (not illustrated) in the communications system 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or a combination thereof using any suitable transport network
• the communications system 100 also may include relay stations (such as relay BS 1 lOd).
• a relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (for example, a base station or a mobile device) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (for example, a wireless device or a base station).
• a relay station also may be a wireless device that can relay
• a relay station 1 lOd may communicate with the macro base station 110a and the wireless device 120d in order to facilitate communication between the macro base station 110a and the wireless device 120d.
• a relay station also may be referred to as a relay base station, a relay base station, a relay, etc.
• the communications system 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes base stations of different types, for example, macro base stations, pico base stations, femto base stations, relay base stations, etc. These different types of base stations may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference in communications system 100.
• macro base stations may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 Watts)
• pico base stations, femto base stations, and relay base stations may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 Watts).
• a network controller 130 may couple to a set of base stations and may provide coordination and control for these base stations.
• the network controller 130 may communicate with the base stations via a backhaul.
• the base stations also may communicate with one another, for example, directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul.
• the mobile devices 120a, 120b, 120c may be dispersed throughout
• each wireless device may be stationary or mobile.
• a wireless device also may be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, etc.
• a wireless device 120a, 120b, 120c may be a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (for example, smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (for example, a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
• a macro base station 110a may communicate with the communication network 140 over a wired or wireless communication link 126.
• the wireless devices 120a, 120b, 120c may communicate with a base station 1 lOa-1 lOd over wireless communication links 122.
• Wired communication links may use a variety of wired networks (such as Ethernet, TV cable, telephony, fiber optic and other forms of physical network connections) that may use one or more wired communication protocols, such as Ethernet, Point-To-Point protocol, High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Advanced Data Communication Control Protocol (ADCCP), and Transmission Control
• wired networks such as Ethernet, TV cable, telephony, fiber optic and other forms of physical network connections
• wired communication protocols such as Ethernet, Point-To-Point protocol, High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Advanced Data Communication Control Protocol (ADCCP), and Transmission Control
• TCP/IP Protocol/Intemet Protocol
• Wireless communication links 122, 124 may include a plurality of carrier signals, frequencies, or frequency bands, each of which may include a plurality of logical channels.
• the wireless communication links may utilize one or more radio access technologies (RATs).
• RATs radio access technologies
• Examples of RATs that may be used in a wireless communication link include 3GPP LTE, 3G, 4G, 5G (such as NR), GSM, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and other mobile telephony communication technologies cellular RATs.
• Certain wireless networks utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.
• OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc.
• K orthogonal subcarriers
• Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
• modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
• the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15 kHz and the minimum resource allocation (called a“resource block”) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz).
• the nominal Fast File Transfer (FFT) size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024 or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively.
• the system bandwidth also may be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 MHz,
• NR new radio
• 5G 5G network
• NR may utilize OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) and include support for half-duplex operation using time division duplex (TDD).
• CP cyclic prefix
• TDD time division duplex
• a single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHz may be supported.
• NR resource blocks may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 75 kHz over a 0.1 millisecond (ms) duration.
• Each radio frame may consist of 50 subframes with a length of 10 ms. Consequently, each subframe may have a length of 0.2 ms.
• Each subframe may indicate a link direction (i.e., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched.
• Each subframe may include DL/UL data as well as DL/UL control data.
• Beamforming may be supported and beam direction may be dynamically configured.
• Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmissions with precoding also may be supported.
• MIMO configurations in the DL may support up to eight transmit antennas with multi-layer DL
• Multi layer transmissions up to eight streams and up to two streams per wireless device may be supported.
• Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported with up to eight serving cells.
• NR may support a different air interface, other than an OFDM-based air interface.
• Some mobile devices may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) mobile devices.
• MTC and eMTC mobile devices include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., that may communicate with a base station, another device (for example, remote device), or some other entity.
• a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (for example, a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless
• the wireless device 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the wireless device 120, such as processor components, memory components, similar components, or a combination thereof.
• any number of communications systems and any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area.
• Each communications system and wireless network may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies.
• RAT also may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc.
• a frequency also may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc.
• Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between communications systems of different RATs.
• NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
• access to the air interface may be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (for example, a base station) allocates resources for communication among some or all devices and equipment within the scheduling entity’s service area or cell.
• the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity.
• Base stations are not the only entities that may function as a scheduling entity.
• a wireless device may function as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more subordinate entities (for example, one or more other mobile devices).
• the wireless device is functioning as a scheduling entity, and other mobile devices utilize resources scheduled by the wireless device for wireless communication.
• a wireless device may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, in a mesh network, or another type of network.
• P2P peer-to-peer
• mesh network mobile devices may optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.
• a scheduling entity and one or more subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduled resources.
• two or more mobile devices 120a-e may be any mobile devices 120a-e (for example, illustrated as the wireless device 120a and the wireless device 120e).
• the mobile devices 120a-e may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels 124 (for example, without using a base station 1 lOa-d as an intermediary to communicate with one another).
• the mobile devices 120a-e may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or similar protocol), a mesh network, or similar networks, or combinations thereof.
• V2X vehicle-to-everything
• the wireless device 120a-e may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, as well as other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station 1 lOa-d.
• Figure IB illustrates an example of SI provisioning.
• SI may be provided in one or more system information blocks, such a Master Information Block (MIB) and one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs). SI provides timing and structure information that enables the wireless device 120 to receive and decode further information from the base station 110 that enables the wireless device 120 for example, to access communications through the base station 110, cell access, to perform cell reselection, intra-frequency, inter frequency and inter-RAT cell selection procedures, and other operations.
• MIB Master Information Block
• SIBs System Information Blocks
• certain system information such as the MIB and a SIB1 message
• additional SI may be broadcast as well.
• the additional SI (such as on- demand SI) may be transmitted by the base station in response to a request for the additional SI (such as a request for the on-demand SI).
• the broadcast SI (that is, the MIB or SIB1 messages) may include scheduling information to enable the wireless device 120 to request and receive the on-demand SI.
• the wireless device 120 may perform a cell search and acquire one or more synchronization signals (such as a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) from a base station 110.
• PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
• SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
• PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
• the wireless device 120 may receive, decode and store MIB message(s) from the base station 110.
• the wireless device 120 may receive and decode the SIB1 message.
• the SIB1 message may indicate that the base station 110 is configured to provide one or more on-demand SI messages.
• the wireless device 120 may send a request to the base station 110 for the one or more on-demand SI messages.
• sending the request for the one or more on-demand v messages may be part of a Random Access Channel (RACH) request procedure.
• RACH Random Access Channel
• FIG. 2 illustrates an example computing system or SIP 200 architecture that may be used in wireless devices implementing the various implementations.
• the illustrated example computing system 200 (which may be an SIP in some implementations) includes a two SOCs 202, 204 coupled to a clock 206, a voltage regulator 208, and a wireless transceiver 266 configured to send and receive wireless communications via an antenna (not shown) to/from wireless devices, such as a base station 110a.
• the first SOC 202 operate as central processing unit (CPU) of the wireless device that carries out the instructions of software application programs by performing the arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
• CPU central processing unit
• the second SOC 204 may operate as a specialized processing unit.
• the second SOC 204 may operate as a specialized 5G processing unit responsible for managing high volume, high speed (such as 5 Gbps, etc.), or very high frequency short wave length (such as 28 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, etc.) communications.
• high speed such as 5 Gbps, etc.
• very high frequency short wave length such as 28 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, etc.
• the first SOC 202 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 210, a modem processor 212, a graphics processor 214, an application processor 216, one or more coprocessors 218 (such as vector co-processor) connected to one or more of the processors, memory 220, custom circuity 222, system components and resources 224, an interconnection/bus module 226, one or more temperature sensors 230, a thermal management unit 232, and a thermal power envelope (TPE) component 234.
• DSP digital signal processor
• modem processor 212 such as graphics processing circuitry
• application processor 216 such as vector co-processor
• coprocessors 218 such as vector co-processor
• the second SOC 204 may include a 5G modem processor 252, a power management unit 254, an interconnection/bus module 264, a plurality of mmWave transceivers 256, memory 258, and various additional processors 260, such as an applications processor, packet processor, etc.
• Each processor 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 252, 260 may include one or more cores, and each processor/core may perform operations independent of the other processors/cores.
• the first SOC 202 may include a processor that executes a first type of operating system (such as FreeBSD, LINUX, OS X, etc.) and a processor that executes a second type of operating system (such as MICROSOFT WINDOWS 10).
• a first type of operating system such as FreeBSD, LINUX, OS X, etc.
• a second type of operating system such as MICROSOFT WINDOWS 10
• 260 may be included as part of a processor cluster architecture (such as a synchronous processor cluster architecture, an asynchronous or heterogeneous processor cluster architecture, etc.).
• a processor cluster architecture such as a synchronous processor cluster architecture, an asynchronous or heterogeneous processor cluster architecture, etc.
• the first and second SOC 202, 204 may include various system components, resources and custom circuitry for managing sensor data, analog-to-digital conversions, wireless data transmissions, and for performing other specialized operations, such as decoding data packets and processing encoded audio and video signals for rendering in a web browser.
• the system components and resources 224 of the first SOC 202 may include power amplifiers, voltage regulators, oscillators, phase-locked loops, peripheral bridges, data controllers, memory controllers, system controllers, access ports, timers, and other similar components used to support the processors and software clients running on a wireless device.
• the system components and resources 224 or custom circuitry 222 also may include circuitry to interface with peripheral devices, such as cameras, electronic displays, wireless communication devices, external memory chips, etc.
• the first and second SOC 202, 204 may communicate via interconnection/bus module 250.
• the various processors 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, may be interconnected to one or more memory elements 220, system components and resources 224, and custom circuitry 222, and a thermal management unit 232 via an interconnection/bus module 226.
• the processor 252 may be interconnected to the power management unit 254, the mmWave transceivers 256, memory 258, and various additional processors 260 via the interconnection/bus module 264.
• interconnection/bus module 226, 250, 264 may include an array of reconfigurable logic gates or implement a bus architecture (such as CoreConnect, AMBA, etc.). Communications may be provided by advanced interconnects, such as high- performance networks-on chip (NoCs).
• NoCs networks-on chip
• the first or second SOCs 202, 204 may further include an input/output module (not illustrated) for communicating with resources external to the SOC, such as a clock 206 and a voltage regulator 208.
• resources external to the SOC such as clock 206, voltage regulator 208 may be shared by two or more of the internal SOC processors/cores.
• Figure 3 illustrates an example of a software architecture 300 including a radio protocol stack for the user and control planes in wireless communications between a base station 350 (such as the base station 110a) and a wireless device 320 (such as the wireless devices 102a-e, 200).
• the wireless device 320 may implement the software architecture 300 to communicate with the base station 350 of a communication system (such as 100).
• layers in software architecture 300 may form logical connections with corresponding layers in software of the base station 350.
• the software architecture 300 may be distributed among one or more processors (such as the processors 212, 214, 216, 218, 252, 260).
• the software architecture 300 may include multiple protocol stacks, each of which may be associated with a different SIM (such as two protocol stacks associated with two SIMs, respectively, in a dual- SIM wireless communication device). While described below with reference to LTE communication layers, the software architecture 300 may support any of variety of standards and protocols for wireless communications, or may include additional protocol stacks that support any of variety of standards and protocols wireless communications.
• SIM subscriber identity module
• the software architecture 300 may include a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) 302 and an Access Stratum (AS) 304.
• the NAS 302 may include functions and protocols to support packet filtering, security management, mobility control, session
• the AS 304 may include functions and protocols that support communication between a SIM(s) (such as SIM(s) 204) and entities of supported access networks (such as a base station).
• the AS 304 may include at least three layers (Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3), each of which may contain various sub-layers.
• Layer 1 (LI) of the AS 304 may be a physical layer (PHY) 306, which may oversee functions that enable transmission or reception over the air interface. Examples of such physical layer 306 functions may include cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attachment, coding blocks, scrambling and
• CRC cyclic redundancy check
• the physical layer may include various logical channels, including the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).
• PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
• PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
• Layer 2 (L2) of the AS 304 may be responsible for the link between the wireless device 320 and the base station 350 over the physical layer 306.
• Layer 2 may include a media access control (MAC) sublayer 308, a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 310, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) 312 sublayer, each of which form logical connections terminating at the base station 350.
• MAC media access control
• RLC radio link control
• PDCP packet data convergence protocol
• Layer 3 (L3) of the AS 304 may include a radio resource control (RRC) sublayer 3. While not shown, the software architecture 300 may include additional Layer 3 sublayers, as well as various upper layers above Layer 3.
• RRC radio resource control
• the RRC sublayer 313 may provide functions including broadcasting system information, paging, and establishing and releasing an RRC signaling connection between the wireless device 320 and the base station 350.
• the PDCP sublayer 312 may provide uplink functions including multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels, sequence number addition, handover data handling, integrity protection, ciphering, and header compression.
• the PDCP sublayer 312 may provide functions that include in-sequence delivery of data packets, duplicate data packet detection, integrity validation, deciphering, and header decompression.
• the RLC sublayer 310 may provide segmentation and
• RLC sublayer 310 functions may include reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-order reception, reassembly of upper layer data packets, and ARQ.
• MAC sublayer 308 may provide functions including
• the MAC layer functions may include channel mapping within a cell, de-multiplexing, discontinuous reception (DRX), and HARQ operations.
• the software architecture 300 may provide functions to transmit data through physical media
• the software architecture 300 may further include at least one host layer 314 to provide data transfer services to various applications in the wireless device 320.
• application-specific functions provided by the at least one host layer 314 may provide an interface between the software architecture and the general purpose processor 206.
• the software architecture 300 may include one or more higher logical layer (such as transport, session, presentation, application, etc.) that provide host layer functions.
• the software architecture 300 may include a network layer (such as IP layer) in which a logical connection terminates at a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW).
• PDN packet data network
• the software architecture 300 may include an application layer in which a logical connection terminates at another device (such as end user device, server, etc.).
• the software architecture 300 may further include in the AS 304 a hardware interface 316 between the physical layer 306 and the communication hardware (such as one or more RF transceivers).
• FIG. 4 is a component block diagram illustrating a system 400 configured for managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the system 400 may include a wireless device 402 (for example, 120a- 120e, 200, 320) and a base station 404 (for example, l lOa-l lOd, 200, 350).
• the wireless device 402 may be configured by machine-readable instructions 406.
• Machine-readable instructions 406 may include one or more instruction modules.
• the instruction modules may include computer program modules.
• the instruction modules may include one or more of a SI scheduling information determination module 410, a factor determination module 412, a network
• configuration information determination module 414 an access channel request failure determination module 416, an access channel request determination module 418, a message identifying module 420, a time determination module 422, a SI monitoring module 424, and other instruction modules.
• the SI scheduling information determination module 410 may be configured to determine from the first SI scheduling information of second SI.
• the factor determination module 412 may be configured to determine a factor for reducing the probability that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI. In some implementations, the factor determination module 412 may be configured to-determine an RBO time for sending a request for the second SI. In some implementations, the factor determination module 412 may be configured to determine whether the second SI is on-demand SI based on the first SI. In some implementations, the factor determination module 412 may be configured to determine an access barring class for the wireless device.
• the network configuration information determination module 414 may be configured to determine from the network configuration information a type of access channel request to send to the base station.
• the access channel request failure determination module 416 may be configured to determine that an access channel request failure has occurred after sending at least one of the requests for the second SI. In some implementations, the access channel request failure determination module 416 may be configured to determine that an access channel request failure has occurred after sending any of the plurality of access channel requests. In some implementations, the access channel request failure determination module 416 may be configured to determine that the access channel request failure has occurred based on a failure to receive at least one element of the second SI.
• the access channel request time determination module 418 may be configured to determine an RBO time for sending a second access channel request based on the determined type of access channel request.
• the message identifying module 420 may be configured to identify one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive.
• the time determination module 422 may be configured to determine that a time for receiving the second SI has elapsed.
• the SI monitoring module 424 may be configured to monitor for the second SI based on the requests for the second SI. In some implementations, the SI monitoring module 424 may be configured to monitor for the second SI requested by another wireless device.
• Figure 5 shows a process flow diagram of an example method 500 of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 500 may be implemented by a processor (such as the processors 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless devices 120a- 120e, 200, 320 and 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as the processors 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless devices 120a- 120e, 200, 320 and 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may receive, from the base station, a SI change indication in first SI.
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a System Information Block 1 (SIB1) message.
• the first SI may include one or more elements of a Master Information Block (MIB) message.
• the first SI may include one or more elements of either or both of the MIB and SIB 1 messages.
• the wireless device may be configured with a first interface to receive (or otherwise obtain) the SI change indication in the first SI.
• the processor may determine, from the SI change indication in the first SI, scheduling information of second SI.
• the processor may determine from the first SI scheduling information of second SI. For example, the processor may determine scheduling information from the MIB or SIB 1 messages that enables the processor to attempt to acquire on-demand SI from the base station.
• the processor may determine a factor that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI. In some implementations, the processor may determine a factor for reducing a probability that a request for the second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI. In some implementations, the determined factor may include a random back off (RBO) time. In some implementations, the determined factor may include an access barring class of the wireless device.
• RBO random back off
• the processor may send the request for the second SI based on the determined factor. For example, the processor may use the random back off time to determine a time at which to send the request for the second SI. As another example, the access barring class may provide a probability factor that the processor may use to determine a time at which to send the request for the second SI. The processor may send the request for the second SI at the determined time. In some implementations the wireless device may be configured with a second interface to send (or output, or transmit) the request for the second SI based on the determined factor.
• FIG. 6A shows a process flow diagram of an example method 600a of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 600b may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• the processor may perform operations including determining whether the second SI is on-demand SI based on the first SI.
• the processor may determine the factor that the request for second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI in response to determining that second SI is on-demand SI.
• the factor may be a factor for reducing the probability that the request for second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI.
• the processor may determine the factor for reducing the probability that the request for second SI will collide with a request from another wireless device for the second SI in response to determining that second SI is on-demand SI.
• the processor may then perform the operations of block 508 ( Figure 5).
• Figure 6B shows a process flow diagram of an example method 600b of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 600b may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may determine an RBO time (for example, using a back off timer) for sending a request for the second SI in block 606. In some implementations, the processor may determine the back off time to be less than half of a current
• modification period of the SIB1 message may indicate whether an SI message is being broadcast by the base station.
• the value of the indication is valid until the end of the broadcast control channel (BCCH) modification period when set to“broadcasting” or another suitable value.
• the modification period of the SIB1 message may be defined as the boundary at which the SIB 1 message may change.
• the processor may have one or more SI occasions to read SIB messages during the remaining time. For example, if the on-demand SI RACH procedure is successful, the processor may have at least one SI occasion to read the other SI during the then-current SIB 1 modification period.
• the processor may use the determined an RBO time to determine when to send the request for the second SI.
• Figure 6C shows a process flow diagram of an example method 600c of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 600c may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may determine an access barring class for the wireless device.
• the base station may be configured to provide or assign an access class to the wireless device.
• the wireless device may delay sending the request for the second SI.
• the access class determined in block 610 may include a barring factor.
• the barring factor may include a value (for example, from 0 to 0.95 in steps of 0.05) that the wireless device may use to determine whether to send the request for the second SI.
• the processor may use the barring factor as a threshold for determining whether to send the request for the second SI. For example, the processor may generate a random number and determine whether the generated random number is above or below the barring factor.
• the access class may include a barring time. In some implementations, the processor may use the barring time as a period of time during which the processor may refrain from sending the request for the second SI. [0112] In block 612, the processor may send the request for the second SI according to the determined access barring class.
• Figure 7 shows a process flow diagram of an example method 700 of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 700 may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may receive from the base station network configuration information in first system information (SI).
• SI system information
• the wireless device may be configured with a first interface to receive from the base station network configuration information in the first SI.
• the processor may determine, from the network configuration information in the first SI, a type of access channel request to send to the base station.
• the processor may perform send to the base station one or more first requests for second SI based on the determined type of access channel request.
• the processor may determine whether an access channel request failure has occurred after sending at least one of the first requests for the second SI.
• the processor may determine an RBO time for sending a second access channel request based on the determined type of access channel request in response to determining that an access channel request failure has occurred.
• the processor may send to the base station the second request for the second SI based on the RBO time.
• the processor may use the RBO time to determine when to transmit the second request for the second SI, and transmit the request at the determined time.
• FIG 8A shows a process flow diagram of an example method 800a of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 800a may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• the processor may send to the base station a plurality of access channel requests based on the determined type of access channel request in block 802.
• the processor may determine whether an access channel request failure has occurred after sending any of the plurality of access channel requests. In some implementations, the processor may determine that a SI status indication in the SIB 1 broadcast by the base station has not changed to indicate that the base station is broadcasting the second SI.
• the processor may then perform the operations of block 710 ( Figure 7).
• Figure 8B shows a process flow diagram of an example method 800b of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 800b may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may identify one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive in block 806. In some implementations, the processor may determine or detect that, after sending of the second request for the second SI, one or more messages of the second SI still have not been received. In some implementations, the processor may determine that a SI status indication in the SIB 1 broadcast by the base station has not changed to indicate that the base station is broadcasting the second SI. [0126] In block 808, the processor may send to the base station a request for the one or more messages of the second SI that the wireless device did not receive at a time based on the RBO time.
• Figure 8C shows a process flow diagram of an example method 800c of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 800c may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may determine whether a time for receiving the second SI has elapsed in block 810. In some implementations, the processor may determine that a time period for receiving the second SI, such as a read timer, has expired.
• the processor may send to the base station a third request for the second SI.
• the processor may restart a random access channel (RACH) request procedure.
• the processor may send to the base station the third request for the second SI in response to determining that the time for receiving the second SI has elapsed.
• RACH random access channel
• Figure 8D shows a process flow diagram of an example method 800d of managing communication with a base station by a processor of a wireless device.
• the method 800d may be implemented by a processor (such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2) of a wireless device (such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4).
• a processor such as 212, 216, 252 or 260 depicted and described in Figure 2
• a wireless device such as the wireless device 120a- 120e, 200, 320, 402 depicted and described in Figures 1-4.
• the processor may perform operations including monitoring for the second SI based on the one or more first requests for the second SI in block 814.
• the processor may monitor for the second SI requested by another wireless device.
• the processor may determine that the access channel request failure has occurred based on a failure to receive at least one element of the second SI.
• Figure 9 shows a component block diagram of an example network computing device 900.
• the computing device 900 may be implemented as a base station.
• Such network computing devices may include at least the components illustrated in Figure 9.
• the network computing device 900 may typically include a processor 901 coupled to volatile memory 902 and a large capacity nonvolatile memory, such as a disk drive 903.
• the network computing device 900 also may include a peripheral memory access device such as a floppy disc drive, compact disc (CD) or digital video disc (DVD) drive 906 coupled to the processor 901.
• the network computing device 900 also may include network access ports 904 (or interfaces) coupled to the processor 901 for establishing data connections with a network, such as the Internet or a local area network coupled to other system
• the network computing device 900 may include one or more antennas 907 for sending and receiving electromagnetic radiation that may be connected to a wireless communication link.
• the network computing device 900 may include additional access ports, such as USB, Firewire, Thunderbolt, and the like for coupling to peripherals, external memory, or other devices.
• FIG 10 shows a component block diagram of an example wireless device 1000.
• the wireless device 1000 may be similar to the wireless devices 120, 200, 320, and 402 shown in Figures 1-4.
• a wireless device 1000 may include a first SOC 202 (such as a SOC-CPU) coupled to a second SOC 204 (such as a 5G capable SOC).
• the first and second SOCs 202, 204 may be coupled to internal memory 1006, 1016, a display 1012, and to a speaker 1014.
• a wireless device 1000 may include an antenna 1004 for sending and receiving electromagnetic radiation that may be connected to a wireless data link or cellular telephone transceiver 266 coupled to one or more processors in the first or second SOCs 202, 204.
• a wireless device 1000 typically also includes menu selection buttons or rocker switches 1020 for receiving user inputs.
• a wireless device 1000 also includes a sound encoding/decoding (CODEC) circuit 1010, which digitizes sound received from a microphone into data packets suitable for wireless transmission and decodes received sound data packets to generate analog signals that are provided to the speaker to generate sound.
• CODEC sound encoding/decoding
• one or more of the processors in the first and second SOCs 202, 204, wireless transceiver 266 and CODEC 1010 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) circuit (not shown separately).
• DSP digital signal processor
• the processors of a network computing device 900 and a wireless device 1000 may be any programmable microprocessor, microcomputer or multiple processor chip or chips that can be configured by software instructions (applications) to perform a variety of functions, including the functions of the various implementations described below.
• multiple processors may be provided, such as one processor within an SOC 204 dedicated to wireless communication functions and one processor within an SOC 202 dedicated to running other applications.
• software applications may be stored in the memory 1006, 1016 before they are accessed and loaded into the processor.
• the processors may include internal memory sufficient to store the application software instructions.
• a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer.
• a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer.
• an application running on a wireless device and the wireless device may be referred to as a component.
• One or more components may reside within a process or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one processor or core or distributed between two or more processors or cores.
• these components may execute from various non-transitory computer readable media having various instructions or data structures stored thereon.
• Components may communicate by way of local or remote processes, function or procedure calls, electronic signals, data packets, memory read/writes, and other known network, computer, processor, or process related communication methodologies.
• a number of different cellular and mobile communication services and standards are available or contemplated in the future, all of which may implement and benefit from the various implementations.
• Such services and standards include, such as third generation partnership project (3 GPP), long term evolution (LTE) systems, third generation wireless mobile communication technology (3G), fourth generation wireless mobile communication technology (4G), fifth generation wireless mobile communication technology (5G), global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), 3 GSM, general packet radio service (GPRS), code division multiple access (CDMA) systems (such as cdmaOne, CDMA1020TM), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), digital AMPS (IS-136/TDMA), evolution-data optimized (EV-DO), digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT), Worldwide
• WiMAX Wireless Local area network
• WLAN Wi-Fi Protected Access I & II
• WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access I & II
• iDEN integrated digital enhanced network
• a phrase referring to“at least one of’ a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members.
• “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.
• the hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single- or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.
• a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or, any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
• a processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
• particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
• the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof. Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification also can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a non-transitory processor-readable storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.
• the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
• the processes of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor- executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable medium.
• Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another.
• a storage media may be any available non-transitory storage media that may be accessed by a computer.
• such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer.
• any connection can be properly termed a computer-readable medium.
• Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data
• the functions described may be implemented by a processor, which may be coupled to a memory.
• the memory may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores processor-executable instructions.
• the memory may store an operating system, user application software, or other executable instructions.
• the memory also may store application data, such as an array data structure.
• the processor may read and write information to and from the memory.
• the memory also may store instructions associated with one or more protocol stacks.
• a protocol stack generally includes computer executable instructions to enable communication using a radio access protocol or communication protocol.

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