WO2021018045A1

WO2021018045A1 - Deep-sea low-temperature inverse-control-type ocean observation battery compartment and deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment

Info

Publication number: WO2021018045A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/104522
Authority: WO
Inventors: 熊学军; 冒家友; 王红; 胡筱敏; 闫枫; 陈亮; 于龙; 孙佳; 云升军; 郭延良; 杨光兵; 宫庆龙; 回贞立; 徐智优; 吴凡; 滕建斌; 高皜; 徐珂; 郑鹏; 李阳
Original assignee: 自然资源部第一海洋研究所; 青岛大熊海洋科技有限公司
Priority date: 2019-07-26
Filing date: 2020-07-24
Publication date: 2021-02-04
Also published as: CN110379970B; CN110379970A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of deep-sea low-temperature power supply for ocean observation, and particularly relates to a deep-sea low-temperature inverse-control-type ocean observation battery compartment and a deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment. On the basis of a deep-sea low-temperature observation environment and the characteristic of the discharge capacity of a battery declining with a drop in temperature, and by means of the feature of the battery generating heat during a discharge process and the feature of the periodicity of an observation process, heat that originally was a side effect is collected, protected and accumulated by means of heat insulation, heat preservation and heat accumulation designs, combined with the optimal discharge period control of specific observation, applied to deep-sea low-temperature inverse maintaining of a battery working discharge temperature. In order to maintain stability, an initial temperature control heating compartment is provided; and in order to ensure safety, ultimate temperature control and a high-pressure through hole are provided. Meanwhile, deep-sea anti-pressure technology, watertight technology and full-packing anti-shake-fatigue technology are integrated. A conventional battery pack can work at a temperature close to the optimal discharge temperature under deep-sea low-temperature conditions, the discharge capacity of the conventional battery pack is improved by 30%, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of deep-sea observation and reducing observation cost, and ensuring the deep-sea strategy, i.e. striving for ocean-oriented strength.

Description

Deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin, deep-sea ocean observation battery cabin

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of power supply for ocean observation deep-sea low-temperature special environment, and specifically relates to a deep-sea low-temperature reverse-control ocean observation battery cabin and a deep-sea ocean observation battery cabin.

Background technique

In recent years, as the world's population has increased dramatically, the environment has deteriorated, and land resources have gradually become scarce, research on the deep sea has received increasing attention from all walks of life. In order to better develop, utilize and protect marine resources and energy, it is necessary to obtain large-scale and accurate data of various marine parameters, and a large number of seabed-based and submerged deep-sea observations are required. This is inseparable from batteries providing energy. power.

The temperature of seawater generally varies between -2°C and 30°C. Direct observations show that the world ocean sea temperature generally decreases with the increase in depth. In low-latitude sea areas, the rate of decrease at 350m is the largest, with a characteristic temperature of 12℃ at 350m; the rate of decrease at 350-2000m is greater, with a characteristic temperature of 2000m2 ℃; the rate of decrease in 2000-4000m is relatively slow, the characteristic temperature of 4000m is 1℃; the depth of 4000m remains basically unchanged. In other words, for a depth of 500m, the water temperature is basically below 10℃; for a depth of 1000m, the water temperature is basically below 5℃; for a depth of 2000m, the water temperature is basically below 2℃.

At present, ocean observation batteries can only reach 50% or even lower discharge capacity under low temperature conditions such as deep sea. Some of them can reach 70% and are not easy to use due to safety. Since it is very difficult to replace batteries for deep-sea and ocean observations, it is urgent to invent a battery compartment that can guarantee the discharge capacity of conventional batteries under low temperature conditions to ensure the normal conduct of ocean observations.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide a deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin and a deep-sea ocean observation battery cabin.

The present invention is dedicated to improving the discharge capacity of conventional batteries under deep-sea low-temperature conditions, and invents a deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin. The invention is based on an in-depth understanding of the deep-sea observation environment and battery discharge characteristics. It uses the heat generation phenomenon during battery work and discharge to collect, protect, and accumulate the heat that is a side effect, combined with the best discharge cycle control of specific observations, and use Reverse maintenance of battery working discharge temperature under deep-sea low temperature conditions, and increase the initial temperature control, high-voltage through holes and limit temperature control, increase the discharge capacity of conventional batteries under deep-sea low temperature conditions by 30%, significantly improve the efficiency of deep-sea observations and reduce observation costs . The main contents of the invention include:

1. The golden barrel design of the battery compartment shape: Taking into account the convenience of battery storage and the compatibility of multiple types of batteries, the battery compartment shape adopts a cylindrical shape, with its height h, diameter d, and wall thickness δ; For capacity control and buoyancy control considerations, a larger d and a smaller δ are required; but in order to resist deep sea high pressure, the smaller d is, the better, and the larger δ is better; in order to find the optimal solution, the result of calculation and comparison is selected

That is, the diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio.

2. The double-layer temperature insulation design of the battery compartment wall (the first layer of insulation control: temperature insulation): The outer wall of the battery compartment double-layer wall is used to resist water pressure, in order to cope with the deep sea high pressure and reduce the weight of the wall. Use high and low temperature resistant, seawater corrosion resistant, high-strength, low-density, non-magnetic titanium material, and use the titanium rod hollowing process; the inner wall is used for temperature insulation, in order to effectively isolate the temperature and reduce the weight of the cabin, the inner wall is made of transparent, High and low temperature resistant, non-polluting, non-toxic, odorless and stable performance polyurethane material, and adopts thin-tube integrated molding process.

3. The heat exchange self-inhibition design of the battery compartment wall body (the second layer of insulation control: heat exchange self-inhibition): In order to cut off the heat exchange inside and outside the battery compartment, in addition to adding a temperature-insulating inner wall layer, it is necessary to double the inner and inner walls of the outer wall The sides are smoothed, and then the inner side of the outer wall is silver-plated to form an inwardly reflective mirror surface to achieve self-inhibition of thermal radiation; vacuum is drawn between the inner wall and the outer wall to reduce air heat convection and conduction.

4. The battery pack gap in the battery compartment is fully filled with polyurethane self-insulation design (the third layer of insulation control: battery pack self-insulation): wrap the battery pack with a polyurethane film and put it in the battery compartment, between the battery pack and the polyurethane film, The foaming gun is fully filled with polyurethane foaming agent to make the battery pack self-insulating and at the same time play a fixed role.

5. The best discharge cycle control of the thermal management system in the battery compartment: According to the deep-sea observation conditions and the periodic discharge characteristics of the battery pack, the discharge cycle control that meets the temperature of 15-20 ℃ before discharge and 20-37 ℃ after discharge is the best discharge cycle Control; for deep-sea observations, it mainly involves the observation period T and the discharge period τ (T ≥ τ). The observations that distribute multiple or single τ evenly within T are average observations, and concentrate multiple or single τ in T The observations made over a period of time are sampling observations. When the discharge characteristics of the battery pack are stable, the optimal discharge cycle control can be achieved by adjusting the relationship between T and τ.

6. Limit management control of the thermal management system in the battery compartment: According to the safety characteristics of the deep-sea observation battery and the temperature resistance characteristics of the components of the battery compartment, set the thermal limit temperature in the battery compartment to 50℃; design and manufacture the limit temperature cut-off device of the thermal management system in the battery compartment and install it In the battery pack power supply circuit, when the temperature in the battery compartment exceeds 50 ℃, the circuit will be automatically disconnected and the battery will be cut off.

7. The design of the external pressure hole for the safety control of the battery compartment: The internal pressure of the battery compartment will change due to temperature changes, and gas will also be generated. Especially to prevent accidental high pressure from occurring, a pressure hole is set at the bottom of the battery compartment. When the internal pressure reaches 60MPa and is greater than the external pressure, the pressure opening is opened to release the pressure outside the cabin.

8. The warming cabin design for the initial temperature control of the thermal management system in the battery compartment: The low temperature in the deep sea not only greatly reduces the discharge capacity of many batteries, but also makes it difficult to start many batteries, especially in the latter part of the working cycle. The temperature insulation design in the battery compartment On the basis of, a warming chamber is set at the bottom of the battery chamber and connected to the battery circuit control. Before the battery is discharged, if the temperature in the chamber is lower than 15°C, the warming chamber will automatically start to increase the temperature, and it will automatically stop after it reaches 15°C. , To ensure the initial startup of the battery, and then maintain the temperature by the heat generated during the battery discharge process.

A battery cabin for deep-sea ocean observation, the battery cabin includes a cabin for accommodating battery packs, and a cabin cover detachably installed on the opening of the cabin;

The cabin includes a pressure-bearing cylindrical outer wall and an inner wall arranged on the inner side of the outer wall; the inner side of the inner wall forms an accommodation space for accommodating the battery pack.

The beneficial effects of the present invention:

The golden barrel design of the battery compartment shape makes it convenient for battery storage and compatibility with multiple types of batteries. It achieves the most optimized diameter-to-height ratio in terms of capacity control, buoyancy control and compression control.

The outer wall of the battery compartment is made of hollowed titanium rods, which can withstand high water pressure and seawater corrosion, and is light in weight and strong; the inner wall is made of transparent polyurethane sheet, which can withstand high and low temperatures, is non-polluting, non-toxic, tasteless and has stable performance.

Smooth the inner side and both sides of the inner wall of the battery compartment, and then carry out the silver plating process on the inner side of the outer wall, which realizes the self-inhibition of the heat radiation of the battery compartment’s outward heat dissipation; the vacuum between the inner and outer walls can block the heat of the air Convection and conduction.

The voids in the battery compartment are fully filled with polyurethane, which plays a fixed role while achieving self-insulation and easy removal, which is particularly important in ocean observation.

The first thermal management system in the ocean observation battery compartment can achieve optimal discharge cycle control, limit temperature cut-off control, high voltage release control, and initial low temperature warming function.

Collecting, protecting, accumulating and utilizing the battery heat generated during the observation process, increasing the discharge capacity of conventional batteries under low-temperature conditions in the deep sea by 30%, while also reducing the impact on the marine environment.

The outstanding substantive features and significant progress of the present invention:

The invention solves the technical problem that people have been eager to solve but have not been successful in deep-sea low-temperature observation conventional batteries with weak discharge capacity.

The present invention changes the habitual thinking of those skilled in the art on the timely release of battery heat generation, and on the other hand, collects, protects, accumulates and utilizes, and realizes the reverse control of the discharge temperature of ocean observation batteries under deep-sea low-temperature conditions. The discharge capacity under the conditions is increased by 30%.

In order to manufacture a deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin, the present invention combines the existing deep-sea compression technology, watertight technology, anti-fatigue technology, etc., to achieve satisfactory technical effects.

Description of the drawings

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is a front view of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin of the present invention.

3 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin of the present invention.

4 is a schematic diagram of the isometric side structure of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment of the present invention.

The above figures: battery compartment cover 1, watertight plug-in structure 2, flange screws 3, axial sealing groove 4 (for placing O-rings), radial sealing groove 5 (for placing O-rings), battery The outer wall 6 of the double-walled body of the cabin, the inner wall 7 of the double-walled body of the battery cabin, the temperature increasing cabin 8, and the pressure-passing hole structure 9.

Detailed ways

According to the content of the invention, the specific construction operations for making a deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin are as follows:

(1) Determination of the size of the battery compartment: According to the characteristics of the titanium material and the shape of the battery compartment, the strength of the cabin is calculated according to the water pressure of 7200m, and the outer wall thickness d ₁ =10mm is determined; calculated according to the characteristics of the polyurethane material and the heat penetration time history, Determine the inner wall thickness d ₂ ＝3mm; according to the conventional battery size and the integrated size of the battery pack, calculate the compatibility of the maximum capacity in the cabin, determine the inner cabin diameter d ₃ ＝150mm; the battery cabin outer diameter d=2d ₁ +2d ₂ +d ₃ =176mm,

Make sure that the bottom of the tank is flat, thickened by 150% of the thickness of the side outer wall, and determine the thickness of the bottom outer wall h ₁ ＝15mm; make sure that the hatch cover is flanged, with an outer diameter of 20 mm larger than the tank body, used for bolted connection on the tank body The thickness of the outer wall of the hatch cover is h ₂₁ ＝20mm, the center thickness of the outer wall of the hatch cover is h ₂₂ ＝30mm, and the thickness of the inner wall of the hatch cover is h ₃ ＝3mm; place the heating chamber on the bottom of the inner tank and determine the thickness as h ₄ ＝10mm ; Then the height of the inner empty cabin h ₅ =hh ₁ -h ₂₂ -2h ₃ -h ₄ =223.77mm.

(2) Fabrication of the outer wall of the battery compartment: use TC4 (Ti-6AI-4V) titanium rods, hollow out into a tank with side wall thickness d ₁ ＝10mm, bottom wall thickness h ₁ ＝15mm; cut the same titanium rod, and machine the edges The hatch cover flange with thickness h ₂₁ ＝20mm, edge width d ₁ ＝10mm, convex part thickness h ₂₂ ＝30mm adopts O-ring axial compression seal and radial compression seal to achieve deep sea tightness. The middle part of the edge area and the middle part of the side of the convex part are respectively driven out of the groove for placing the O-ring; the cabin tube and the inner side of the cabin cover are smoothed, and the surface is plated with silver.

(3) Fabrication of the inner wall of the battery compartment: a polyurethane board with a thickness of d ₂ = 3mm is selected, and polyurethane adhesive is used in the edge area, and the polyurethane board is attached to the bottom wall, side walls and flanges of the cover inside the battery compartment to form polyurethane Thin tube.

(4) Vacuum treatment between the inner and outer walls of the battery compartment: vacuum between the inner and outer walls to reduce air heat convection and conduction.

(5) Fabrication of the warming chamber of the thermal management system in the battery compartment: Determine the thickness of the warming chamber to be h ₄ ＝10mm, which is made up of solid electric heating cake and thermal insulation cotton, adopts a dual temperature control electric heating energy storage structure, and is switched by PTC thermistor Control the small electric furnace, PTC positive temperature coefficient thermistor, when the current passes, it will heat itself, and the heat of the electric furnace will be transferred to it. When the temperature increases to 15℃, the resistance rises sharply until the power is turned off. The electric furnace keeps warm and slowly releases heat; the heating chamber is placed on the inner wall of the bottom of the inner chamber.

(6) Fully filling treatment in the battery compartment: wrap the battery pack with polyurethane film and put it in the battery compartment. Between the battery pack and the polyurethane film, use a foaming gun to fully fill the polyurethane foaming agent to make the battery pack self-insulating. At the same time play a fixed role.

(7) Set the optimal discharge cycle of the battery pack through the observation instrument: According to the deep-sea observation conditions and the periodic discharge characteristics of the battery pack, the discharge cycle of 15-20℃ before discharge and 20-30℃ after discharge is controlled as the optimal discharge. Period control; for deep-sea observations, it mainly involves the observation period T and the discharge period τ (T≥τ). The observation that multiple or single τ is evenly distributed in T is an average observation, and multiple or single τ is concentrated in T The observations made within a period of time are sampling observations. When the discharge characteristics of the battery pack are stable, the relationship between T and τ is set by the observation instrument to achieve the best discharge cycle control.

(8) The production of the limit temperature cut-off device of the thermal management system in the battery compartment: According to the safety characteristics of the deep-sea observation battery and the temperature resistance characteristics of the components of the battery compartment, set the thermal limit temperature in the battery compartment to 50℃; connect the PTC thermistor switch The battery circuit in the battery compartment is placed at the center of the battery pack. When the temperature passed to it exceeds 50°C, the circuit is automatically disconnected and the battery is cut off.

(9) Setting of external pressure holes for battery compartment safety control: A pressure hole is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment. When the pressure in the cabin reaches 60MPa and is greater than the external pressure, the pressure hole opens to release the pressure outside the cabin.

(10) The installation of the battery compartment power output through the cabin: the watertight through the cabin is installed on the flange of the hatch cover to realize the external connection and power supply of the battery compartment.

First embodiment

As shown in Figures 1-4, it is a deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment in this embodiment. The battery compartment includes a canister for accommodating battery packs, and a canopy 1 detachably installed on the opening of the canister. The tank includes a pressure-bearing cylindrical outer wall 6 and an inner wall 7 arranged on the inner side of the outer wall 6, and the inner wall 7 forms a accommodating space for accommodating the battery pack.

Second embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the outer wall 6 is a titanium rod or a titanium alloy rod and is formed by a hollowing process, and the inner wall 7 is formed of a temperature insulating material, which is formed by a thin-tube integrated forming process.

Preferably, the outer wall 6 is a TC4 (Ti-6AI-4V) titanium rod, hollowed out into a cylindrical structure with a side wall thickness d ₁ =10 mm and a bottom wall thickness h ₁ =15 mm. It is understandable that the outer wall 6 is used to resist water pressure. In order to cope with the high pressure in the deep sea and reduce the weight of the wall, the outer wall 6 is made of high and low temperature resistant, seawater corrosion resistant, high strength, low density, non-magnetic titanium material, and titanium Preparation of rod hollowing process. Of course, it can also be made of titanium material in the mold by calcination processing and other methods.

The inner wall 7 is made of a polyurethane board, and a polyurethane board with a thickness of d ₂ = 3mm can be used. A polyurethane adhesive is used in the edge area. The polyurethane board is attached to the bottom and side walls inside the outer wall 6 so that the inner wall 7 forms a thin polyurethane tube structure. It is understandable that the inner wall 7 is used for temperature insulation. In order to effectively isolate the temperature and reduce the weight of the cabin, the inner wall 7 is made of transparent, high and low temperature resistant, non-polluting, non-toxic, odorless, and stable performance polyurethane material, and adopts a thin tube integrated molding Craft. Of course, the inner wall 7 can also be made of other temperature insulating materials, which is not specifically limited here.

The third embodiment

With reference to the second embodiment, in this embodiment, the inner surface of the outer wall 6 and the inner and outer surfaces of the inner wall 7 are provided with a silver-plated layer to form an inwardly reflecting mirror surface, and a vacuum is drawn between the outer wall 6 and the inner wall 7 . As a result, the air heat convection and conduction can be greatly reduced. It is understandable that in order to cut off the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the battery compartment, in addition to adding 7 layers of temperature-insulating inner walls, the inner side of the outer wall 6 and both sides of the inner wall 7 should be smoothed, and then the inner side of the outer wall 6 should be surface-plated with silver. An inwardly reflecting mirror is formed to achieve self-inhibition of thermal radiation; the inner wall 7 and the outer wall 6 are vacuumed to reduce air heat convection and conduction. Of course, other plating layers can also be provided, as long as it can form an inwardly reflective mirror surface.

Fourth embodiment

With reference to the third embodiment, in this embodiment, the hatch cover 1 has a flat cylindrical structure, which is a cover made of titanium, and the hatch cover 1 is flanged. Preferably, it is made by cutting out the same titanium rod used for preparing the outer wall 6 described above. Of course, it can also be made of titanium material in the mold by calcination processing and other methods.

At the same time, the bottom surface of the hatch cover 1 facing the tank tube is also covered with the polyurethane board.

Further, the bottom surface of the hatch cover 1 facing the tank tube is a smooth surface, the top edge of the outer wall 6 of the tank tube extends outwards with a flange surface, and the edge of the hatch cover 1 matches the flange surface to provide a flange screw 3. Both are worn to fasten the hatch cover 1 to the tank. The edge of the hatch cover 1 may be provided with a plurality of first screw holes, the flange surface is provided with a second screw hole that matches the first screw hole, and the flange screw 3 passes through the first screw hole. The screw connection hole and the second screw connection hole are used to detachably install the hatch cover 1 on the tank. Of course, a lock can also be provided on the hatch cover 1, and a buckle part is provided on the flange surface or the outer wall 6 of the cabin tube, and the lock buckle is buckled on the buckle for locking, or a pressing plate can also be used There are many ways of assembling, such as pressing wheel, etc., which can be determined according to the selection.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the hatch cover 1 may include a plate-shaped main body, the edge of the plate-shaped main body is provided with several positioning, the bottom of the plate-shaped main body protrudes downward to form a positioning boss, the positioning boss can extend At the open end of the cabin barrel, its circumferential side wall abuts against the inner side of the outer side wall of the cabin, or abuts against the inner side of the inner wall 7 of the cabin. A certain distance is left between the side surface of the inner wall 7 and the top end of the inner side of the outer wall 6. The positioning boss is provided with the above-mentioned polyurethane board, so that when the hatch cover 1 is fixed to the tank, the positioning boss is installed in the When in the tank, the polyurethane board on the bottom of the tank abuts against the inner wall 7 of the tank, so that the inner cavity of the tank is completely sealed.

The positioning groove and the flange surface are matched to allow a flange screw 3 to pass through the two to fasten the hatch cover 1 to the tank. It is understandable that the positioning grooves can be four symmetrically arranged, of course, also It can be two symmetrically arranged, or three symmetrically on the center, or five, six, etc. The number of settings can be selected according to requirements, and further, cylindrical pins, bolts, positioning pins and other fasteners can also be used to replace The flange screw 3 is not specifically limited here.

Fifth embodiment

With reference to the fourth embodiment, in this embodiment, the bottom of the hatch cover 1 faces the top end of the outer wall 6 with an axial sealing groove 4, and/or the bottom of the hatch cover 1 faces the top and inner surface of the outer wall 6 with a radial sealing groove 5 and A sealing ring is provided in the axial sealing groove 4 and/or the radial sealing groove 5.

Preferably, the outer peripheral side of the positioning boss of the hatch cover 1 is provided with a radial sealing groove 5, or the bottom wall of the hatch cover 1 is provided with an axial sealing groove 4 adjacent to the positioning boss, or at the same time in the positioning boss The outer peripheral side of the platform is provided with a radial sealing groove 5 and the bottom wall of the hatch cover 1 is provided with an axial sealing groove 4 adjacent to the positioning boss, and a sealing ring is arranged in the axial sealing groove 4 or the radial sealing groove 5 , Such as O-ring. Of course, other seals can also be selected, which are not specifically limited here.

Sixth embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the hatch cover 1 is provided with a watertight penetrating compartment 2 that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the hatch cover and is used to connect the battery pack with external electrical components and supply power. Yes, the hatch cover 1 is provided with a through hole, and the watertight piercing cabin 2 is fixedly installed on the through hole. The watertight piercing cabin 2 can be made of a stable, high pressure resistant, and soft material, which may also include housing Relevant wires and seal the through hole to prevent sea water from entering the cabin.

Seventh embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the bottom of the tank is provided with a through-pressure hole 9 for opening when the internal pressure of the battery compartment is greater than the external pressure of the battery compartment to release the pressure outside the compartment. The pressure hole 9 is provided with an automatic exhaust valve and a one-way valve. It is understandable that the internal pressure of the battery compartment will change due to temperature changes, and gas will also be generated. Especially to prevent accidental high pressure, a pressure hole 9 is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment. When the pressure in the compartment reaches 60MPa and is greater than the outside pressure At this time, the automatic exhaust valve works, so that the pressure hole 9 is opened, and the pressure is released to the outside of the cabin. The one-way valve can prevent the deep sea seawater from intruding or flowing into the cabin.

Eighth embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the low temperature in the deep sea not only greatly reduces the discharge capacity of many batteries, but also makes it difficult to start many batteries especially in the latter part of the working cycle. In order to solve this problem , The inner wall 7 of the battery compartment is provided with a warming chamber 8. The warming chamber 8 includes an electric heating cake, and the electric heating cake is provided with a first PTC thermistor switch, and it also includes insulation cotton that at least partially wraps the electric heating cake. Thermoelectric heating energy storage structure. Among them, before the battery pack is working and discharging, if the temperature in the battery compartment is lower than the preset temperature, the electric heating cake starts to work until the preset temperature is reached, and the first PTC thermistor switch controls the electric heating cake to stop working, and the insulation cotton keeps the electric heating cake warm. To release heat slowly.

It is understandable that the low temperature of the deep sea not only greatly reduces the discharge capacity of many batteries, but also makes it difficult to start many batteries especially in the latter part of the working cycle. Based on the design of the battery compartment temperature insulation and heat preservation, a warming compartment is set at the bottom of the battery compartment 8. Before the battery is working and discharging, if the temperature in the cabin is lower than 15℃, the heating cabin 8 will automatically start to increase the temperature, and it will automatically stop after increasing to 15℃ to ensure the initial start of the battery, and then the electric heating cake will be kept warm by the insulation cotton. Heat slowly. The preset temperature here is set to 15°C. Of course, it can also be set to other temperature values as required, such as 14°C-20°C.

Further, the above-mentioned first PTC thermistor switch is arranged on the electric heating cake, or, in some embodiments, the electric heating cake of the warming chamber 8 is connected to the battery circuit in the battery pack, and the first PTC thermistor switch It can be controlled by the battery circuit. The first PTC thermistor switch adopts a positive temperature coefficient thermistor. When the current passes through, it will heat itself, and the heating cake heat is transferred to it. When the temperature increases to 15°C, the resistance rises sharply. Until the power is turned off, the battery pack can start to work normally, and the temperature can also be maintained by the heat generated during the battery discharge process. The electric heating cake can be a resistance heating device or a PTC heater, etc., which can be selected and set according to requirements. The electric heating cake is provided with a separate power supply and is powered by a separate power supply.

Ninth embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the battery compartment is also provided with a limit temperature cut-off device for the thermal management system in the battery compartment, which includes a second PTC thermistor switch connected to the battery circuit in the battery pack. When the internal temperature reaches the preset limit temperature, the second PTC thermistor switch controls the battery pack to stop working. The limit temperature is 40-60°C, such as 50°C.

It is understandable that according to the battery safety characteristics of deep-sea observation and the temperature resistance characteristics of various components of the battery compartment, the thermal limit temperature in the battery compartment is set to 50℃; the limit temperature cut-off device of the thermal management system in the battery compartment is set and installed in the power supply circuit of the battery pack. When the temperature in the battery compartment exceeds 50℃, the circuit will be automatically disconnected and the battery will be cut off. It is understandable that one or more second PTC thermistor switches may be provided or connected to the battery circuit (specifically, the power supply circuit) of the battery pack, and the second PTC thermistor switch is placed at the center of the battery pack , The battery pack can include multiple batteries, each battery can work alone, or multiple batteries can work together to control the operation of one or several batteries. Therefore, a second PTC heat can be set on the battery circuit of each battery. Sensitive resistance switch for precise control.

Tenth embodiment

Referring to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the battery pack is wrapped by a polyurethane film, and the gap between the battery pack and the polyurethane film is filled with a polyurethane foaming agent. Understandably, wrap the battery pack with a polyurethane film and put it in the battery compartment. Between the battery pack and the polyurethane film, use a foaming gun to fully fill the polyurethane foaming agent to make the battery pack self-insulating and at the same time play a fixed role .

Eleventh embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the optimal discharge period of the battery pack can be set by the observation instrument. According to the deep-sea observation conditions and the periodic discharge characteristics of the battery pack, the temperature before discharge is 15-20℃ and the temperature after discharge is 20～ 30℃ discharge cycle control is the best discharge cycle control; for deep-sea observations, it mainly involves observation period T and discharge period τ (T≥τ). Observations that distribute multiple or single τ evenly within T are average observations. , The observation that multiple or single τ is concentrated in T for a period of time is sampling observation. When the discharge characteristics of the battery pack are stable, the relationship between T and τ is set by the observation instrument to achieve the best discharge cycle control.

Twelfth embodiment

With reference to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, as shown in Figs. 1-4, the battery compartment is roughly cylindrical as a whole, and its diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio:

Among them, h is the height of the battery compartment and d is the diameter. It is understandable that considering the convenience of battery storage and the compatibility of multiple types of batteries, the battery compartment body adopts a cylindrical structure, with its height h, diameter d, and wall thickness δ; considering capacity control and buoyancy control , A larger d and a smaller δ are required; but in order to resist deep sea high pressure, the smaller d is, the better, and the larger δ is, the better; in order to find the optimal solution, the result of calculation and comparison is selected

That is, the diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio.

Further, the size of the barrel of the battery compartment is determined as follows: according to the characteristics of the titanium material and the shape of the battery compartment, the strength of the compartment is calculated according to the water pressure of 7200m, and the side wall thickness d _{1 of the} outer wall 6 is determined to be 10 mm; according to the characteristics of the polyurethane material According to the calculation of heat penetration time history, determine the thickness of the inner wall 7 d ₂ ＝3mm; according to the conventional battery size and the integrated size of the battery pack, calculate the compatibility of the maximum capacity in the cabin, and determine the diameter of the inner wall 7 d ₃ ＝150mm; the outer diameter of the battery compartment d =2d ₁ +2d ₂ +d ₃ =176mm,

Make sure that the bottom of the tank (including the bottom wall of the outer wall 6 and the bottom wall of the inner wall 7) is flat-bottomed, thickened by 150% of the thickness of the side outer wall 6, and determine the thickness of the bottom outer wall 6 h ₁ = 15mm; make sure that the hatch cover 1 is flanged , Its outer diameter is 20mm larger than the cabin tube, the thickness of the outer wall 6 edge of the hatch cover 1 (the thickness of the bottom plate of the positioning groove) is h ₂₁ = 20mm, and the center of the outer wall 6 of the hatch cover 1 (the thickness of the plate-shaped body of the hatch cover 1 and the thickness of the positioning boss) And) The thickness h ₂₂ =30 mm, and the thickness of the polyurethane plate at the bottom of the hatch cover 1 is h ₃ =3 mm. Place the warming cabin 8 on the bottom of the inner cabin and determine the thickness as h ₄ =10mm; then the height of the inner empty cabin is h ₅ =hh ₁ -h ₂₂ -2h ₃ -h ₄ =223.77mm.

Of course, the battery compartment can also adopt other structural forms, and its material and size can also be selected according to requirements. Only preferred embodiments are provided here.

Thirteenth embodiment

The outer wall 6 is a titanium rod or a titanium alloy rod and is formed by a hollowing process, and the inner wall 7 is formed of a temperature insulating material, which is formed by a thin-tube integrated forming process.

The inner wall 7 is made of a polyurethane board, and a polyurethane board with a thickness of d ₂ =3mm can be selected. A polyurethane adhesive is used in the edge area. The polyurethane board is attached to the bottom and side walls inside the outer wall 6 so that the inner wall 7 forms a thin polyurethane tube structure. It is understandable that the inner wall 7 is used for temperature insulation. In order to effectively isolate the temperature and reduce the weight of the cabin, the inner wall 7 is made of transparent, high and low temperature resistant, non-polluting, non-toxic, odorless, and stable performance polyurethane material, and adopts a thin tube integrated molding Craft. Of course, the inner wall 7 can also be made of other temperature insulating materials, which is not specifically limited here.

Further, the inner surface of the outer wall 6 and the inner and outer surfaces of the inner wall 7 are all provided with a silver plating layer to form an inwardly reflecting mirror surface, and a vacuum is drawn between the outer wall 6 and the inner wall 7. As a result, the air heat convection and conduction can be greatly reduced. It is understandable that in order to cut off the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the battery compartment, in addition to adding 7 layers of temperature-insulating inner walls, the inner side of the outer wall 6 and both sides of the inner wall 7 should be smoothed, and then the inner side of the outer wall 6 should be surface-plated with silver. An inwardly reflecting mirror is formed to achieve self-inhibition of thermal radiation; the inner wall 7 and the outer wall 6 are vacuumed to reduce air heat convection and conduction. Of course, other plating layers can also be provided, as long as it can form an inwardly reflective mirror surface.

The hatch cover 1 has a flat cylindrical structure, which is a cover made of titanium, and the hatch cover 1 is a flange type. Preferably, it is made by cutting out the same titanium rod used for preparing the outer wall 6 described above. Of course, it can also be made of titanium material in the mold by calcination processing and other methods.

Further, the bottom of the hatch cover 1 faces the top end of the outer wall 6 with an axial sealing groove 4, and/or the bottom of the hatch cover 1 faces the outer wall 6 and the top inner surface has a radial sealing groove 5 and an axial sealing groove 4, and/or A sealing ring is arranged in the radial sealing groove 5.

Preferably, the outer peripheral side of the positioning boss of the hatch cover 1 is provided with a radial sealing groove 5, or the bottom wall of the hatch cover 1 is provided with an axial sealing groove 4 adjacent to the positioning boss, or at the same time in the positioning boss The outer peripheral side of the platform is provided with a radial sealing groove 5 and the bottom wall of the hatch cover 1 is provided with an axial sealing groove 4 adjacent to the positioning boss, and a sealing ring is arranged in the axial sealing groove 4 or the radial sealing groove 5 , Such as O-ring. Of course, other seals can also be selected, and there is no specific limitation here.

As shown in Figure 2, the hatch 1 is provided with a watertight through compartment 2 that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the hatch for connecting the battery pack with external electrical components and supplying power. It is understandable that the hatch 1 is provided with through holes, The watertight penetrating compartment 2 is fixedly installed on the through hole. The watertight penetrating compartment 2 can be made of a stable, high-pressure resistant, and soft material, and it can also include relevant wires and seal the through hole to avoid sea water. Enter into the cabin.

As shown in Figure 2, the bottom of the tank is provided with a pressure hole 9 for opening when the internal pressure of the battery compartment is greater than the pressure outside the battery compartment to release the pressure to the outside. The pressure hole 9 is provided with an automatic exhaust valve and a single valve. To the valve. It is understandable that the internal pressure of the battery compartment will change due to temperature changes, and gas will also be generated. Especially to prevent accidental high pressure, a pressure hole 9 is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment. When the pressure in the compartment reaches 60MPa and is greater than the outside pressure At this time, the automatic exhaust valve works, so that the pressure hole 9 is opened, and the pressure is released to the outside of the cabin. The one-way valve can prevent the deep sea seawater from intruding or flowing into the cabin.

As shown in Figure 2, the low temperature in the deep sea not only greatly reduces the discharge capacity of many batteries, but also makes it difficult to start many batteries, especially in the latter part of the working cycle. To solve this problem, a warming chamber is provided on the inner wall 7 of the battery compartment. 8. The warming cabin 8 includes an electric heating cake on which a first PTC thermistor switch is provided, and also includes an insulation cotton at least partially wrapping the electric heating cake, that is, a dual temperature control electric heating energy storage structure. Among them, before the battery pack is working and discharging, if the temperature in the battery compartment is lower than the preset temperature, the electric heating cake starts to work until the preset temperature is reached, and the first PTC thermistor switch controls the electric heating cake to stop working, and the insulation cotton keeps the electric heating cake warm. To release heat slowly.

Further, the battery compartment is also provided with a limit temperature cut-off device for the thermal management system in the battery compartment, which includes a second PTC thermistor switch connected to the battery circuit in the battery pack. When the temperature in the battery compartment reaches the preset limit temperature, The second PTC thermistor switch controls the battery pack to stop working. The limit temperature is 40-60°C, such as 50°C.

Preferably, the battery pack is wrapped by a polyurethane film, and the gap between the battery pack and the polyurethane film is filled with a polyurethane foaming agent. Understandably, wrap the battery pack with polyurethane film and put it in the battery compartment. Between the battery pack and the polyurethane film, use a foaming gun to fully fill the polyurethane foaming agent to make the battery pack self-insulating and at the same time play a fixed role .

Preferably, the optimal discharge cycle of the battery pack can be set by the observation instrument. According to the deep-sea observation conditions and the periodic discharge characteristics of the battery pack, the discharge cycle control that meets the temperature of 15-20℃ before discharge and 20-30℃ after discharge is the best Discharge period control; for deep-sea observations, it mainly involves the observation period T and the discharge period τ (T ≥ τ). The observation that multiple or single τ is evenly distributed in T is an average observation, and multiple or single τ is concentrated in The observations made during a period of T are sampling observations. When the discharge characteristics of the battery pack are stable, the relationship between T and τ is set by the observation instrument to achieve optimal discharge cycle control.

Further, the battery compartment is roughly cylindrical as a whole, and its diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio:

That is, the diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio.

Make sure that the bottom of the tank (including the bottom wall of the outer wall 6 and the bottom wall of the inner wall 7) is flat-bottomed, thickened by 150% of the thickness of the side outer wall 6, and determine the thickness of the bottom outer wall 6 h ₁ = 15mm; make sure that the hatch cover 1 is flanged , Its outer diameter is 20mm larger than that of the cabin cylinder, the thickness of the outer wall 6 of the hatch cover 1 (the thickness of the bottom plate of the positioning groove) is h ₂₁ = 20mm, and the center of the outer wall 6 of the hatch cover 1 (the thickness of the plate-shaped body of the hatch cover 1 and the thickness of the positioning boss) And) The thickness h ₂₂ =30 mm, and the thickness of the polyurethane plate at the bottom of the hatch cover 1 is h ₃ =3 mm. Place the warming cabin 8 on the bottom of the inner cabin and determine the thickness as h ₄ =10mm; then the height of the inner empty cabin is h ₅ =hh ₁ -h ₂₂ -2h ₃ -h ₄ =223.77mm.

The application of the present invention is dedicated to improving the discharge capacity of conventional batteries under deep-sea low-temperature conditions, and invents a deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery cabin and a deep-sea ocean observation battery cabin. Based on the in-depth understanding of the deep-sea observation environment and battery discharge characteristics, the use of the heat generation phenomenon during the working and discharging process of the battery to collect, protect and accumulate the heat that is a side effect, combined with the best discharge cycle control of specific observations, uses the deep-sea low temperature Reverse maintenance of the battery working discharge temperature under conditions, and the addition of initial temperature control, high-voltage through holes and limit temperature control, increase the discharge capacity of conventional batteries under deep-sea low-temperature conditions by 30%, significantly improve deep-sea observation efficiency and reduce observation costs.

It is understandable that the above examples only express the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of the present utility model patent; it should be pointed out that for ordinary people in the field For the technicians, without departing from the concept of the utility model, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several modifications and improvements can be made. These all belong to the scope of protection of the utility model; therefore, everything with this utility model All equivalent transformations and modifications made to the scope of the new claims shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

A deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment, which is characterized by enabling conventional battery packs to work at close to the optimal discharge temperature under deep-sea low-temperature conditions, and mainly includes:

The golden barrel design of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment shape;

The double-layer temperature insulation design of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery bulkhead;

The heat exchange self-inhibition design of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery bulkhead;

Full-filled polyurethane self-insulation design in the battery compartment of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment;

The best discharge cycle control of the thermal management system in the battery compartment for deep-sea low-temperature reverse control ocean observation;

The limit management control of the thermal management system in the battery compartment for deep-sea low-temperature reverse control ocean observation;

The setting of the outward pressure hole for the safety control of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment;

Deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment thermal management system, initial temperature control and warming compartment settings.
The golden barrel design of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment shape according to claim 1, characterized in that: considering the convenience of battery storage and the compatibility of multiple types of batteries, the battery compartment shape is a barrel shape. Suppose its height is h, diameter is d, and wall thickness is δ. Considering capacity control and buoyancy control, a larger d and a smaller δ are required; but in order to resist deep sea high pressure, the smaller d is, the better, and the larger δ is, the better ; In order to find the optimal solution, the result of calculation and comparison is selected
That is, the diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio.
The double-layer temperature insulation design of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery bulkhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall of the double-wall battery compartment is used to resist water pressure, in order to deal with deep sea high pressure and reduce Small wall weight, the outer wall adopts high and low temperature resistant, seawater corrosion resistant, high-strength, low-density, non-magnetic titanium material, and the titanium rod hollowing process; the inner wall is used for temperature insulation, in order to effectively isolate the temperature and reduce the cabin Weight, the inner wall is made of transparent, high and low temperature resistant, non-polluting, non-toxic, tasteless and stable performance polyurethane material, and adopts a thin-tube integrated molding process.
The heat exchange self-inhibition design of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery bulkhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: in order to isolate the heat exchange inside and outside the battery compartment, in addition to increasing the temperature-insulating inner wall layer, the outer wall Both sides of the inner and inner walls are smoothed, and then the inner side of the outer wall is silver-plated to form an inwardly reflective mirror surface to achieve self-inhibition of heat radiation; vacuum is drawn between the inner wall and the outer wall to reduce air heat convection and Conduction.
According to claim 1, the battery pack gap in the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment is fully filled with polyurethane self-insulation design, characterized in that: the battery pack is wrapped with a polyurethane film and placed in the battery compartment. Between the films, a foaming gun is used to fully fill the polyurethane foaming agent to make the battery pack self-insulating and at the same time play a fixed role.
The optimal discharge cycle control of the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to the deep-sea observation conditions and the periodic discharge characteristics of the battery pack, the temperature before discharge is 15-20°C, The discharge cycle control at a temperature of 20～37℃ after discharge is the best discharge cycle control; for deep-sea observations, it mainly involves the observation period T and the discharge period τ (T≥τ), which is carried out by evenly distributing multiple or single τ within T Observations are average observations. Observations made during a period of time when multiple or single τ are concentrated in T are sampling observations. When the discharge characteristics of the battery pack are stable, the optimal discharge period can be achieved by adjusting the relationship between T and τ control.
The extreme management control of the thermal management system in the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 1, wherein the thermal limit temperature in the battery compartment is set according to the safety characteristics of the deep-sea observation battery and the temperature resistance characteristics of the components of the battery compartment. 50℃; Design and manufacture the limit temperature cut-off device of the thermal management system in the battery compartment, which is installed in the power supply circuit of the battery pack. When the temperature in the battery compartment exceeds 50℃, the circuit will be automatically disconnected and the battery will be cut off.
The deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment safety control outward pressure hole arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the internal pressure of the battery compartment will change due to temperature changes, and gas will also be generated, especially to prevent In the event of unexpected high pressure, a pressure hole is set at the bottom of the battery compartment. When the pressure in the cabin reaches 60 MPa and is greater than the pressure outside the cabin, the pressure hole is opened to release the pressure outside the cabin.
According to claim 1, the deep-sea low-temperature reverse-controlled ocean observation battery compartment thermal management system in the initial temperature control warming cabin is characterized in that: the deep-sea low temperature not only greatly reduces the discharge capacity of many batteries, but also makes many batteries particularly in It is difficult to start in the latter part of the working cycle. Based on the temperature insulation design of the battery compartment, a warming compartment is set at the bottom of the battery compartment and connected to the battery circuit control. Before the battery is discharged, if the temperature in the compartment is lower than 15℃, increase The temperature chamber automatically starts to increase the temperature, and automatically stops after increasing to 15°C to ensure the initial start of the battery, and then the temperature is maintained by the heat generated during the battery discharge process.
A battery cabin for deep-sea ocean observation, wherein the battery cabin includes a cabin for accommodating battery packs, and a cabin cover detachably installed on the opening of the cabin;

The cabin includes a pressure-bearing cylindrical outer wall and an inner wall arranged on the inner side of the outer wall; the inner side of the inner wall forms an accommodation space for accommodating the battery pack.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 10, wherein the battery compartment has a cylindrical structure, and its diameter-to-height ratio satisfies the golden ratio:

Among them, h is the height of the battery compartment and d is the diameter.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 10, wherein the outer wall is a titanium rod or a titanium alloy rod and is formed by a hollowing process;

The inner wall is formed by a temperature-insulating material through a thin-tube integrated molding process.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 12, wherein the inner surface of the outer wall and the inner and outer surfaces of the inner wall are all provided with a silver-plated layer to form an inwardly reflecting mirror;

A vacuum is drawn between the outer wall and the inner wall.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery cabin according to claim 13, wherein the cabin cover has a flat cylindrical structure, which is a cover made of titanium;

The bottom surface of the hatch cover facing the tank tube is a smooth surface;

A flange surface extends outward from the top edge of the outer wall;

The edge of the hatch cover is matched with the flange surface for a flange screw to pass through the two to fasten the hatch cover to the tank tube.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 14, wherein the bottom of the hatch is facing the top end of the outer wall with an axial sealing groove, and/or the bottom of the hatch is facing the inner side of the top of the outer wall Radial sealing groove is provided;

A sealing ring is arranged in the axial sealing groove and/or the radial sealing groove.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 10, wherein the hatch cover is provided with a watertight through compartment that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the hatch cover for connecting the battery pack with external electrical components and supplying power.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery cabin according to claim 10, wherein the bottom of the cabin tube is provided with a pressure hole for opening when the internal pressure of the battery cabin is greater than the external pressure of the battery cabin to release the pressure outside the cabin.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 10, wherein a warming chamber is provided on the inner wall, the warming chamber includes an electric heating cake, and the electric heating cake is provided with a first PTC thermistor switch , Also including thermal insulation cotton at least partially wrapping the electric heating cake;

Wherein, before the battery pack is working and discharging, if the temperature in the battery compartment is lower than a preset temperature, the electric heating cake starts to work until it reaches the preset temperature, and the first PTC thermistor switch controls the The electric heating cake stops working, and the thermal insulation cotton keeps the electric heating cake warm to slowly release heat.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 10, further comprising a thermal management system limit temperature cut-off device in the battery compartment, which comprises a second PTC thermistor switch connected to the battery circuit in the battery pack, When the temperature in the battery compartment reaches a preset limit temperature, the second PTC thermistor switch controls the battery pack to stop working.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 19, wherein the limit temperature is 40-60°C.
The deep-sea ocean observation battery compartment according to claim 10, wherein the battery pack is wrapped by a polyurethane film;

The gap between the battery pack and the polyurethane film is filled with a polyurethane foaming agent.