WO2021017451A1 - 一种tbm搭载式全自动取样装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种tbm搭载式全自动取样装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017451A1
WO2021017451A1 PCT/CN2020/073581 CN2020073581W WO2021017451A1 WO 2021017451 A1 WO2021017451 A1 WO 2021017451A1 CN 2020073581 W CN2020073581 W CN 2020073581W WO 2021017451 A1 WO2021017451 A1 WO 2021017451A1
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Prior art keywords
tbm
rock
bucket
mechanical wheel
runner
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林鹏
许振浩
谢辉辉
潘东东
余腾飞
刘福民
王朝阳
刘友博
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device, a tunnel full-section rock boring machine and a sampling method including the fully automatic sampling device.
  • Tunnel Boring Machine is a heavy-duty complete set of equipment for automatic tunnel excavation that integrates the functions of tunneling, ballast removal, lining, and disaster prevention.
  • TBM has a “mechanized automation degree”. It has significant advantages such as high speed, fast excavation speed, high quality of hole formation, small construction disturbance, high comprehensive economic and social benefits, safety, civilization and environmental protection.
  • the TBM construction method has poor adaptability to geological conditions. In the TBM construction, disasters such as water inrush and mud inrush, landslides, and large deformations are often encountered, resulting in major accidents such as jamming, damage, scrapping, and even casualties of the roadheader. It is extremely important to implement advanced geological forecasting during TBM construction.
  • the geological analysis method is a kind of advanced forecasting method generally adopted in the construction process of TBM, and it is applied to the whole process of tunnel construction.
  • the rock samples cut by TBM can be analyzed to identify the bad geological precursors such as fault fracture zone and karst caves.
  • it can also pay close attention to the changes of stratum lithology on the excavation route in order to improve the construction parameters of TBM in time to ensure safety and speed construction.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and propose a TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device, a tunnel full-face rock boring machine including the fully automatic sampling device, and a sampling method.
  • the invention can realize rapid collection of rock blocks cut by TBM, reduce labor intensity, and assist the implementation of advanced geological forecasting work.
  • a TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device including a base, a protection mechanism, a mechanical wheel mechanism, a washing mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a drying mechanism, a printing mechanism, a sample box and a control device;
  • the said base is installed on the main conveyor belt of TBM;
  • the protection mechanism is used to prevent rock falling, water seepage, etc. on the tunnel vault from damaging the instrument parts on the base.
  • the transfer mechanism is installed on the base, one side of the transfer mechanism is provided with a mechanical wheel mechanism, and the other side is provided with a sample box;
  • the mechanical wheel mechanism is used to obtain the rock blocks cut by the TBM and place the rock blocks on the transfer mechanism;
  • the washing mechanism is composed of a high-pressure pump and a spray head, and is installed on the right column directly above the right side of the mechanical wheel to wash the rocks in the compartment after sampling;
  • a drying mechanism and a printing mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying mechanism along the conveying direction of the rock block;
  • the drying mechanism dries the rock blocks
  • the printing mechanism is connected to the microcomputer in the main control room of the TBM, and can transmit the obtained palm surface mileage information to the printer and print it on the dried rock sample;
  • the sample loading box is arranged at the tail of the conveying mechanism and is used to contain rock samples
  • the control device controls the flushing mechanism, mechanical wheel mechanism, conveying mechanism, drying mechanism and printing mechanism.
  • the protection mechanism includes a column and a roof; the column is welded above the base and is composed of four angle steels to support the roof.
  • the roof material is stainless steel.
  • the mechanical wheel mechanism includes a hydraulic column, a servo motor, a runner, and a sampling chamber; the hydraulic column is vertically installed and fixed on the base to control the lifting of the entire mechanical wheel;
  • the servo motor is installed on the top of the hydraulic column, and the servo motor drives the runner to rotate; the sampling chamber is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the runner.
  • the sampling chamber includes a hydraulic rod, a bucket, and a wedge seat.
  • One end of the hydraulic rod is connected with the runner by a pin, and the other end is connected with the bucket by a pin; in addition, the bucket is connected with the runner.
  • a pin shaft connection is also adopted between them; one end of the wedge-shaped seat is connected to the pin shaft connecting the bucket and the runner, and the bottom is also fixedly connected with the runner.
  • the bucket is composed of 3 bucket teeth, 4 cross bars and two side plates.
  • the 3 bucket teeth are arranged parallel to each other, and are connected to form an arc-shaped bucket through 4 cross bars.
  • the bottom of the cabin, the bottom of the bucket is a hollow structure, and two side panels are connected with the bottom of the bucket.
  • the pedestal is mainly composed of angle steel, the outline of the pedestal is rectangular, and it is welded above the TBM conveyor belt near the main control room to mainly provide support for other parts of the device.
  • the conveying mechanism is installed in the protective mechanism on the upper part of the base, including a conveyor belt and a servo motor, placed at a height higher than the sample box, the servo motor is responsible for driving the movement of the conveyor belt, and the system is mainly responsible for taking the bucket to Of the rock blocks are transmitted.
  • the drying mechanism mainly includes a dryer and a laser profile measuring instrument.
  • the drying mechanism is placed above the conveyor belt of the system, mainly to dry the grabbed rock blocks; when the laser profiler detects that the conveyor mechanism transfers the rock blocks to directly below the dryer, the control device starts to control The dryer works and releases hot air to the surface of the rock block. After a certain period of time, the dryer stops working and the surface of the rock block to be tested is dried; the conveyor belt starts to work again, and the rock block continues to be transported forward.
  • control device is installed in the TBM main control room, one end is connected to the microcomputer of the TBM main control room, and the other end is connected to the components of the sampling device. While obtaining TBM tunneling parameters and mileage information, it can also receive information from hydraulic control valves, laser profile measuring instruments, servo motors, dryers, printers and high-pressure nozzles, and control their work and stop.
  • the second objective of the present invention is to provide a roadheader, including the aforementioned TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device.
  • the third objective of the present invention is to propose a method for sampling based on a TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device, as follows:
  • the automatic sampling device After the TBM starts to excavate and the cut slag is conveyed to the bottom of the device by the TBM main conveyor belt, the automatic sampling device starts to work; the hydraulic rod expands and contracts to ensure that the bucket is in an open state, and the hydraulic column and servo motor control the runner To the top of the TBM conveyor belt and dig into the rock block;
  • the washing mechanism starts to work, spraying out high-pressure water to wash away the pollutants on the rock;
  • the conveying mechanism stops working, and the control device starts to control the air drying device to work, blow out hot air, the surface of the rock block to be tested is dried, and the dryer stops working;
  • the transfer mechanism starts to work again to transfer the rock block to be tested to the bottom of the printing mechanism, the transfer mechanism stops working again, the printing mechanism starts to work, and prints the palm surface mileage information obtained from the computer in the main control room of the TBM to the bottom On the rock
  • This device is mounted above the main conveyor belt of TBM for easy sampling. During sampling, the size of the sample to be collected can be determined, and the collected sample can be cleaned and dried, which greatly improves the sampling quality in the tunnel, simplifies the tedious sampling work, and liberates manpower.
  • the present invention is equipped with a printing mechanism, and the palm surface mileage information obtained from the TBM main control computer can be transmitted to the printer and printed on the sample taken, and the samples are automatically numbered according to the palm surface mileage .
  • the present invention can control the sampling work in the TBM main control room, and realizes the full automation and continuity of the sampling work in the tunnel.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of the working principle of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mechanical wheel mechanism
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the sampling cabin system
  • TBM main conveyor belt 2. Base; 3. Protective shed; 4. Washing mechanism; 5. Mechanical wheel mechanism; 6. Transmission mechanism; 7. Drying mechanism; 8. Printing mechanism; 9. Sample loading box; 10. Control device; 11. Hydraulic column; 12. Servo motor; 13. Rotary wheel; 14. Sampling cabin system; 15. Pin shaft; 16 hydraulic rod; 17. Bucket; 18. Wedge seat.
  • this application proposes a fully automatic rock sampling device to free up manpower, reduce labor intensity, and at the same time improve sampling efficiency, and assist in the implementation of advanced geological forecasts.
  • a TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device as shown in Figures 1 and 2, includes a base 2; a protective shed 3; a washing mechanism 4; Wheel mechanism 5; conveying mechanism 6; drying mechanism 7; printing mechanism 8; sample loading box 9; control device 10;
  • the transfer mechanism is installed on the base, one side of the transfer mechanism is provided with mechanical wheels, and the other side is provided with a sample box;
  • the washing mechanism is used to wash the rock blocks in the bucket after sampling by the mechanical wheel to ensure that the surface of the excavated rock blocks is free from other slag powder pollution.
  • a drying mechanism and a printing mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying mechanism along the conveying direction of the rock block;
  • the drying mechanism dries the rock blocks
  • the printing mechanism is connected to the microcomputer in the main control room of the TBM, and can transmit the obtained palm surface mileage information to the printer and print it on the dried rock sample;
  • the sample loading box is arranged at the tail of the conveying mechanism and is used to contain rock samples
  • the control device controls the washing mechanism, mechanical wheel mechanism, conveying mechanism, and drying mechanism.
  • the base 2 is mainly composed of angle steel, the base is rectangular in outline, welded above the TBM main conveyor belt 1 near the main control room, and is mainly provided for other parts of the device Supporting role.
  • the protective shed 3 includes a column and a ceiling.
  • the column is welded above the base 2 and is composed of four angle steels to support the roof.
  • the roof is made of stainless steel.
  • the protective shed 3 can prevent falling rocks and water seepage on the tunnel vault. Destroy the instrument parts on the base.
  • the mechanical wheel mechanism 5 is mainly composed of a hydraulic column 11, a servo motor 12, a runner 13, and a sampling cabin system 14.
  • the hydraulic vertical 11 is vertically installed and fixed on the base to control the lifting of the entire mechanical wheel mechanism and provide power through a hydraulic pump.
  • the hydraulic control valve is mainly responsible for adjusting the hydraulic pressure to control the movement of the hydraulic vertical column.
  • the servo motor 12 is installed above the hydraulic column, the shaft of the motor is connected with the shaft of the runner 13, and the servo motor is mainly used to control the runner to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the sampling cabin system 14 is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the runner and is responsible for digging rock blocks.
  • the diameter of the runner can be 50cm, the width can be 10cm, and it is made of stainless steel.
  • the shaft is equipped with a servo motor to control its counterclockwise rotation.
  • the sampling cabin system 14 is composed of a hydraulic rod 16, a bucket 17 and a wedge seat 18.
  • the hydraulic rod 16 and the runner, the hydraulic rod and the bucket, and the bucket and the wedge seat are respectively connected by a pin 15.
  • the axis of the pin 15 is parallel to the axis of the runner; in addition, the bottom of the wedge-shaped seat is also fixedly connected to the outer edge of the runner; the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rod 16 can control the movement of the bucket relative to the wedge-shaped base, so as to ensure the rock block excavated by the bucket It does not fall during the movement and can fall on the conveyor belt of the conveyor mechanism when it is rotated to a suitable position.
  • the bucket is made of stainless steel and is mounted on the outer edge of the runner with a pin shaft; the bucket is composed of 3 bucket teeth, 4 cross bars and two side plates, and the 3 bucket teeth are arranged parallel to each other. And the bottom of the bucket is connected by 4 cross bars to form an arc-shaped bucket.
  • the bottom of the bucket is a hollow structure, so that when digging rock blocks, smaller rock blocks can be omitted, and only those that meet the size requirements can be excavated. Piece.
  • the two side panels are connected to the bottom of the bucket.
  • the size of the bucket is about 15cmx10cmx8cm, and the two side plates of the bucket are composed of steel plates, which can prevent the excavated rock blocks from falling.
  • the wedge-shaped seat base is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the runner, and the free surface is curved and formed by welding thin steel bars.
  • the base length is about 10 cm and the side height is about 3 cm.
  • the conveying mechanism 6 is installed in the protective shed 3 on the upper part of the base 2. It has the same structure as the existing conveying mechanism, including conveyor belts, rollers, servo motors, etc.
  • the conveying mechanism 6 is placed at a height of about 5 cm higher than the sample box, and the servo motor is responsible Drive the movement of the conveyor belt, the system is mainly responsible for transporting the rock blocks dug from the bucket.
  • the drying mechanism 7 mainly includes a drying machine and a laser profile measuring instrument; the drying mechanism is placed at a height of 5 cm above the conveyor belt of the system, and is mainly used to dry the grabbed rock blocks. Its specific structure and existing equipment The same, we will not expand it in detail here; when the laser profile finder detects that the transport mechanism is transporting the rock block directly below the dryer, the control device starts to control the dryer to work, releasing hot air to the surface of the rock block After a certain period of time, the dryer stops working, and the surface of the rock block to be tested is dried. The conveyor belt began to work again, moving the rock blocks forward.
  • the laser profile measuring instrument is the same as the existing device and will not be expanded in detail here.
  • the printing mechanism 8 is connected to the microcomputer in the main control room of the TBM, and can transmit the obtained palm surface mileage information to the printer and print it on the sample taken.
  • the printing mechanism 7 is an existing device, such as a portable jet printer in Germany.
  • the printer EBS-260 can directly spray the information to be printed onto the rock directly.
  • the transfer mechanism is installed in the protective mechanism on the upper part of the base, including a conveyor belt and a servo motor.
  • the placement height is about 5 cm higher than the sample box.
  • the servo motor is responsible for driving the movement of the conveyor belt. The rock blocks fetched from the cabin are transferred.
  • the sample loading box 9 which is a wooden square box, is placed at the end of the conveying mechanism to collect the rock samples printed on the main conveyor belt of the TBM with the mileage information of the palm surface.
  • the control device 10 is installed in the TBM main control room, one end is connected to the microcomputer of the TBM main control room, and the other end is connected to the components of the sampling device. While obtaining TBM tunneling parameters and mileage information, it can also receive information from components such as hydraulic control valves, laser profile measuring instruments, servo motors, dryers, printers, and high-pressure nozzles to control their work and stop.
  • the TBM-mounted fully automatic sampling device provided in this embodiment can realize rapid collection of rock blocks cut by TBM, reduce labor intensity, and assist in the implementation of advanced geological prediction work.
  • This embodiment also provides a TBM equipped with a fully automatic sampling device.
  • a specific installation method refer to Example 1.
  • the specific collection method is as follows:
  • the mechanical wheel mechanism 5 starts to work, and the hydraulic pump and hydraulic control valve control the hydraulic column 11 to contract, thereby controlling the mechanical wheel to descend to a reasonable height.
  • the servo motor 12 in the mechanical wheel 5 starts to work, and the runner 13 starts to slowly rotate counterclockwise.
  • the bucket 17 will dig up the rock block on the TBM main conveyor belt.
  • the hydraulic rod 16 extends until the rock block in the bucket comes into contact with the wedge seat 18 above it and stops.
  • the hydraulic column will extend to control the mechanical wheel to rise.
  • the washing mechanism 4 will start to work, spraying high-pressure water to clean the rock blocks sandwiched between the bucket 17 and the wedge seat 18.
  • the contraction of the hydraulic rod will cause the rock in the bucket to fall onto the transfer mechanism 6.
  • the conveying mechanism 6 stops working, and the control device 10 starts to control the air drying device 7 to work and blow out hot air.
  • the transfer mechanism 6 starts to work again to transfer the rock mass to be tested to the bottom of the printing mechanism 8.
  • the transfer mechanism 6 stops working again, and the printing mechanism 8 starts to work.
  • the palm surface mileage information obtained from the microcomputer in the TBM main control room Print on the rock block below. Then the transfer mechanism 6 continues to work and transfers the rock block to be tested to the sample loading box 9 at the rear, and one sampling is completed.

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Abstract

一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置及方法，TBM搭载式全自动取样装置包括基座（2）、机械轮机构（5）、传送机构（6）、烘干机构（7）、打印机构（8）、装样箱（9）和控制装置（10）；传送机构（6）安装在基座（2）上，传送机构（6）的一侧设有机械轮机构（5），另外一侧设有装样箱（9）；机械轮机构（5），用于挖取TBM切削下来的岩块，并将取到的岩块放置在传送机构（6）上；在传送机构（6）的上方沿着岩块的传送方向依次设有烘干机构（7）、打印机构（8）；烘干机构（7）将岩块烘干；打印机构（8）连接TBM主控室的微机，可将获得到的掌子面里程信息传输到打印机中并打印到烘干后的岩块样品上；装样箱（9）设置在传送机构（6）的尾部，用于盛装岩块样品；控制装置（10）控制机械轮机构（5）、传送机构（6）、烘干机构（7）。TBM搭载式全自动取样装置实现了采样工作的全自动化和连续性。

Description

一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，以及包括该全自动取样装置的隧道全断面岩石掘进机和取样方法。
背景技术
隧道全断面岩石掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine，TBM)是集掘进、排碴、衬砌、防灾等功能为一体的隧道自动化掘进重型成套装备，与传统钻爆方法相比，TBM具有“机械化自动化程度高、掘进速度快、成洞质量高、施工扰动小、综合经济社会效益高、安全文明环保”等显著优势。但TBM施工方法又对地质条件的适应能力较差，在TBM施工中经常遭遇突水突泥、塌方、大变形等灾害，导致掘进机卡机、损坏、报废甚至人员伤亡的重大事故，因此在TBM施工过程中实施超前地质预报工作显得极其重要。
地质分析法是TBM施工过程中一般都要采用的一种超前预报方法，并应用于隧道施工全过程。其中对TBM切削下来的岩样进行分析，可以识别断层破碎带、溶洞等不良地质前兆标志，同时还可以密切关注掘进路线上地层岩性的变化，以便及时改进TBM的施工参数，从而保证安全快速施工。
目前，发明人发现在TBM隧道施工过程主要以人工采样为主，耗时费力，效率低，且TBM体积大、噪声大，人工采样时工作环境很差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提出了一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置及包括该全自动取样装置的隧道全断面岩石掘进机和取样方法。本发明 可实现对TBM切削下来的岩块进行快速采集，降低人工劳动强度，辅助实施超前地质预报工作。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下述技术方案：
一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，包括基座、防护机构、机械轮机构、冲洗机构、传送机构、烘干机构、打印机构、装样箱和控制装置；
所述的基座安装在TBM主传送带上；
所述的防护机构用于防止隧道拱顶的落石、渗水等破坏基座上的仪器部件。
所述的传送机构安装在所述的基座上，传送机构的一侧设有机械轮机构，另外一侧设有装样箱；
所述的机械轮机构，用于获取TBM切削下来的岩块，并将岩块放置在所述的传送机构上；
所述的冲洗机构由高压泵和喷头组成，安装在机械轮右侧正上方的右侧立柱上，可对取样后的斗舱中岩石进行冲洗；
在所述的传送机构的上方沿着岩块的传送方向依次设有烘干机构、打印机构；
所述的烘干机构将岩块烘干；
所述的打印机构连接TBM主控室的微机，可将获得到的掌子面里程信息传输到打印机中并打印到烘干后的岩块样品上；
所述的装样箱设置在传送机构的尾部，用于盛装岩块样品；
所述的控制装置控制所述的冲洗机构、机械轮机构、传送机构、烘干机构和打印机构。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的防护机构包括立柱和棚顶；立柱焊接于基座 上方，由四个角钢组成，对顶棚起到支撑作用，棚顶材质为不锈钢板。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的机械轮机构包括液压立柱、伺服电机、转轮、和取样舱；所述的液压立柱竖直安装固定在基座上，用来控制整个机械轮的升降；所述的伺服电机安装在液压立柱顶部，伺服电机驱动所述的转轮旋转；所述的取样舱固定安装在转轮的外缘。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述取样舱包括液压杆、斗舱和楔形座，所述液压杆一端与转轮采用销轴连接，另一端与斗舱采用销轴连接；另外，斗舱与转轮之间也采用销轴连接；楔形座一端连接在斗舱与转轮连接的销轴上，底部还与转轮固定连接。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的斗舱由3个斗齿、4个横杆和两个侧板组成，3个斗齿相互平行设置，且通过4个横杆连接成一个圆弧形的斗舱底部，斗舱底部为镂空结构，两个侧板与斗舱底部相连。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述基座主要由角钢构成，基座轮廓为长方形，焊接于主控室附近的TBM传送带上方，主要为该装置的其他部件提供支撑作用。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述传送机构安装在基座上部的防护机构内，包括传送带、伺服电机，放置高度高于装样箱，伺服电机负责驱动传送带的运动，该系统主要负责将斗舱取到的岩块进行传送。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述烘干机构，主要包括烘干机和激光轮廓测量仪。烘干机构放置于系统传送带的上方，主要是对所抓取到的岩块进行烘干；当激光轮廓测距仪检测到传送机构将岩块传送到烘干机正下方时，控制装置开始控制烘干机进行工作，释放出热风吹到岩块表面，在一定时间后，烘干机停止工作，待测岩块的表面被烘干；传送带又开始工作，将岩块继续向前传送。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述控制装置，安装在TBM主控室内，一端连接TBM主控室的微机，一端与取样装置的各部件连接。在获取TBM掘进参数及里程信息的同时，又可以接收来自液压控制阀、激光轮廓测量仪、伺服电机、烘干机、打印机及高压喷头等部件的信息，控制它们的工作和停止。
本发明的第二发明目的是提出一种掘进机，包括前面所述的TBM搭载式全自动取样装置。
本发明的第三发明目的是提出一种基于TBM搭载式全自动取样装置进行取样的方法，如下：
在TBM开始掘进且切削下来的岩渣被TBM主传送带传送到该装置的下方后，全自动取样装置开始工作；液压杆通过伸缩保证斗舱处于张开状态，液压立柱以及伺服电机控制转轮上的斗舱到TBM传送带的上方并挖取到岩块；
随后液压杆伸出，使斗舱往楔形座移动，当二者卡住斗舱中的岩块时，液压杆停止工作；
随着转轮的转动，冲洗机构开始工作，喷出高压水流将岩块上污染物冲洗掉；
在转动到靠近传送机构的上方时，液压杆收缩，斗舱也张开，岩块会掉落到传送机构上；
当岩块运移到烘干机构的正下方时，传送机构停止工作，控制装置开始控制风干装置进行工作，吹出热风，待测岩块的表面即被烘干，烘干机停止工作；
随后传送机构再次开始工作，将待测岩块传送到打印机构的下方，传送机构再次停止工作，打印机构开始工作，将从TBM主控室微机中获取到的掌子面里程信息打印到下方的岩块上；
随后传送机构继续工作，将待测岩块传送到后方的装样箱中，一次取样工作 即完成。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1)本装置搭载于TBM主传送带上方，取样方便。在采样时可对待采集样品进行大小确定，同时可对采集到的样品清洗、烘干，极大地提高了隧道内采样质量，简化了繁琐的采样工作，解放了人力。
2)本发明设有打印机构，可从TBM主控制微机中获得的掌子面里程信息，传输到打印机中并打印到所取的样品上，自动实现对所取样品按掌子面里程进行编号。
3)本发明可以在TBM主控室控制采样工作进行，实现了隧道内采样工作的全自动化和连续性。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是本发明工作原理图；
图2是本发明结构示意图；
图3是机械轮机构三维示意图；
图4是取样舱系统三维示意图
其中1.TBM主传送带；2.基座；3.防护棚；4.冲洗机构；5.机械轮机构；6.传送机构；7.烘干机构；8.打印机构；9.装样箱；10.控制装置；11.液压立柱；12.伺服电机；13.转轮；14.取样舱系统；15.销轴；16液压杆；17.斗舱；18.楔形座。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
为了方便叙述，本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语解释部分:本发明中的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或为一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部连接，或者两个元件的相互作用关系，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中在TBM隧道施工过程主要以人工采样为主，耗时费力，效率低，且TBM体积大、噪声大，人工采样时工作环境很差，为了解决如上的技术问题，本申请提出了一种全自动岩石取样装置来解放人力，降低劳动强度，同时提高采样效率，辅助实施超前地质预报。
实施例1
本申请的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1所示，一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，如图1和图2所示，包括基座2；防护棚3；冲洗机构4；机械轮机构5；传送机构6；烘干机构7；打印机构8；装样箱9；控制装置10；
传送机构安装在所述的基座上，传送机构的一侧设有机械轮，另外一侧设有装样箱；
冲洗机构，用于对机械轮取样后的斗舱中岩块进行冲洗，以确保挖取岩块表面无其他渣粉的污染。
机械轮机构，用于挖取TBM切削下来的岩块，并将挖取后的岩块放置在所述的传送机构上；
在所述的传送机构的上方沿着岩块的传送方向依次设有烘干机构、打印机构；
所述的烘干机构将岩块烘干；
所述的打印机构连接TBM主控室的微机，可将获得到的掌子面里程信息传输到打印机中并打印到烘干后的岩块样品上；
所述的装样箱设置在传送机构的尾部，用于盛装岩块样品；
所述的控制装置控制所述的冲洗机构、机械轮机构、传送机构、烘干机构。
进一步具体的，在本实施例中如图2所示，基座2主要由角钢构成，基座轮廓为长方形，焊接于主控室附近的TBM主传送带1上方，主要为该装置的其他部件提供支撑作用。
防护棚3包括立柱和顶棚，立柱焊接于基座2上方，由四个角钢组成，对棚顶起到支撑作用，棚顶材质为不锈钢板，防护棚3可防止隧道拱顶的落石、渗水等破坏基座上的仪器部件。
进一步具体的，在本实施例中如图3所示，机械轮机构5主要由液压立柱11、伺服电机12、转轮13、取样舱系统14组成。
液压立11竖直安装固定在基座上，用来控制整个机械轮机构的升降，并通过液压泵提供动力，液压控制阀主要负责调节液压压力的大小，从而控制液压立柱的运动。伺服电机12安装于液压立柱上方，电机的轴部与转轮13的轴部相连接，伺服电机主要用来控制转轮逆时针转动。取样舱系统14固定安装在转轮的外缘，负责挖取岩块。
作为进一步优选的，转轮直径可以选择50cm，宽度选择10cm，选择不锈钢材质制作，轴部安装有伺服电机控制其逆时针转动。
进一步具体的，在本实施例中如图4所示，取样舱系统14由液压杆16、斗舱17和楔形座18组成。
液压杆16与转轮、液压杆与斗舱、斗舱与楔形座之间均各自采用销轴15连接。销轴15的轴线与转轮的轴线平行；另外，楔形座底部还与转轮外缘固定连接；液压杆16的伸缩可控制斗舱相对楔形底座进行移动，从而确保斗舱挖取的岩块在运动过程中不掉落，在转动到合适位置时可掉落到传送机构的传送带上。
进一步的，所述的斗舱为不锈钢材质，采用销轴安装在转轮的外缘；斗舱由3个斗齿、4个横杆和两个侧板组成，3个斗齿相互平行设置，且通过4个横杆连接成一个圆弧形的斗舱底部，斗舱底部为镂空结构，这样在挖取岩块时可将尺寸较小的岩块漏掉，只挖取符合尺寸要求的岩块。两个侧板与斗舱底部相连。
进一步的，所述斗舱的尺寸约为15cmⅹ10cmⅹ8cm，斗舱的两个侧板由钢板组成，可防止挖取的岩块掉落。所述楔形座底座与转轮外缘固定连接，临空面为曲面，且由细钢筋焊接构成，底座长度约10cm，侧面高度约3cm。
传送机构6安装在基座2上部的防护棚3内，跟现有的传送机构结构相同，包括传送带、滚筒、伺服电机等，传送机构6放置高度为高于装样箱5cm左右，伺服电机负责驱动传送带的运动，该系统主要负责将斗舱挖取到的岩块进行传送。
烘干机构7主要包括烘干机和激光轮廓测量仪；烘干机构放置于系统传送带的上方5cm高度处，主要是对所抓取到的岩块进行烘干，其具体结构和现有的装置相同，在此不进行详细展开了；当激光轮廓测距仪检测到传送机构将岩块传送到烘干机正下方时，控制装置开始控制烘干机进行工作，释放出热风吹到岩块表面，在一定时间后，烘干机停止工作，待测岩块的表面被烘干。传送带又开始工作，将岩块继续向前传送。激光轮廓测量仪的和现有的装置相同，在此不进行详细展开了。
打印机构8与TBM主控室中的微机相连接，可将获得到的掌子面里程信息传输到打印机中并打印到所取的样品上，打印机构7是现有装置，如德国的便携式喷码机EBS-260，可直接对着岩块将所要打印的信息直接喷到岩石上。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述传送机构安装在基座上部的防护机构内，包括传送带、伺服电机，放置高度为高于装样箱5cm左右，伺服电机负责驱动传送带的运动，该系统主要负责将斗舱取到的岩块进行传送。
装样箱9，为一木质方形箱子，放置在传送机构的末端，收集TBM主传送带上打印有掌子面里程信息的岩石样品。
控制装置10安装在TBM主控室内，一端连接TBM主控室的微机，一端与取样装置的各部件连接。在获取TBM掘进参数及里程信息的同时，又可以接收来自液压控制阀、激光轮廓测量仪、伺服电机、烘干机、打印机及高压喷头等部件的 信息，控制它们的工作和停止。
本实施例提供的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置可实现对TBM切削下来的岩块进行快速采集，降低人工劳动强度，辅助实施超前地质预报工作。
实施例2
本实施例还提供了一种设置有全自动取样装置的TBM，具体的安装方式参考实施例1,具体的采集方法如下：
在TBM开始掘进且切削下来的岩渣被TBM主传送带1传送到该装置的下方后，在TBM主控室按下整个系统的工作按钮，该装置开始工作。首先是机械轮机构5开始工作，液压泵和液压控制阀控制液压立柱11收缩，从而控制机械轮下降至合理高度。随后机械轮5中的伺服电机12开始工作，转轮13开始逆时针缓慢转动，当转动到最下方时，斗舱17将会挖取到TBM主传送带上的岩块，此时，在转轮缓慢转动过程中液压杆16伸长直至斗舱中岩块与上方的楔形座18相接触时停止。随后液压立柱会伸长从而控制机械轮上升，此时冲洗机构4会开始工作，喷出高压水流对斗舱17与楔形座18之间夹有的岩块进行清洗。随着机械轮机构上的斗舱转动到传送机构6上方合适位置时，液压杆的收缩会使斗舱中的岩块掉落到传送机构6上。当岩块运移到烘干机构7的正下方时，传送机构6停止工作，控制装置10开始控制风干装置7进行工作，吹出热风，在2分钟后，待测岩块的表面即被烘干，烘干机停止工作。随后传送机构6再次开始工作，将待测岩块传送到打印机构8的下方，传送机构6再次停止工作，打印机构8开始工作，将从TBM主控室微机中获取到的掌子面里程信息打印到下方的岩块上。随后传送机构6继续工作，将待测岩块传送到后方的装样箱9中，一次取样工作即完成。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域 的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，包括基座、机械轮机构、冲洗机构、传送机构、烘干机构、打印机构、装样箱和控制装置；
    所述的基座安装在TBM主传送带上；
    所述的传送机构安装在所述的基座上，传送机构的一侧设有机械轮机构，所述的机械轮机构，用于获取TBM切削下来的岩块，并将岩块放置在所述的传送机构上；传送机构的另外一侧设置所述的装样箱，装样箱用于盛装岩块样品；在所述的传送机构的上方沿着岩块的传送方向依次设置所述的烘干机构、打印机构；所述的烘干机构用于将岩块烘干；所述的打印机构连接TBM主控室的微机，可将获得到的掌子面里程信息传输到打印机中并打印到烘干后的岩块样品上；
    所述的冲洗机构设置在机械轮机构的一侧，对取样后的斗舱中岩石进行冲洗；
    所述的控制装置控制所述的冲洗机构、机械轮机构、传送机构、烘干机构和打印机构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，还包括防护机构，所述的防护机构包括立柱和棚顶；立柱焊接于基座上方，由四个角钢组成，对顶棚起到支撑作用；机械轮机构、冲洗机构、传送机构、烘干机构、打印机构、装样箱和控制装置均安装在防护机构下方。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，所述的机械轮机构包括液压立柱、伺服电机、转轮和取样舱；所述的液压立柱竖直安装固定在基座上，用来控制整个机械轮的升降；所述的伺服电机安装在液压立柱顶部，伺服电机驱动所述的转轮旋转；所述的取样舱固定安装在转轮的外缘。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，所述 取样舱包括液压杆、斗舱和楔形座，所述液压杆一端与转轮采用销轴连接，另一端与斗舱采用销轴连接；斗舱安装在转轮的外缘，斗舱与转轮之间也采用销轴连接；楔形座一端连接在斗舱与转轮连接的销轴上，底部还与转轮固定连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，所述的斗舱由3个斗齿、4个横杆和两个侧板组成，3个斗齿相互平行设置，且通过4个横杆连接成一个圆弧形的斗舱底部，斗舱底部为镂空结构，两个侧板与斗舱底部相连；
    进一步的，所述楔形座底座与转轮外缘固定连接，临空面为曲面，且由细钢筋焊接构成。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，所述基座由角钢构成，基座轮廓为长方形，焊接于主控室附近的TBM传送带上方，主要为该装置的其他部件提供支撑作用。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，所述传送机构包括传送带、伺服电机，放置高度为高于装样箱，伺服电机负责驱动传送带的运动，将斗舱取到的岩块进行传送。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种TBM搭载式全自动取样装置，其特征在于，所述烘干机构，主要包括烘干机和激光轮廓测量仪；烘干机构放置于系统传送带的上方，主要是对所抓取到的岩块进行烘干；激光轮廓测量仪用于检测岩块在传送带上的位置。
  9. 一种掘进机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8任一所述的TBM搭载式全自动取样装置。
  10. 利用权利要求2-8任一所述的TBM搭载式全自动取样装置进行取样的方 法，其特征在于，如下：
    在TBM开始掘进且切削下来的岩渣被TBM主传送带传送到该装置的下方后，全自动取样装置开始工作；
    机械轮机构，获取TBM切削下来的岩块；机械轮机构的液压杆通过伸缩保证斗舱处于张开状态，液压立柱以及伺服电机控制转轮上的斗舱到TBM传送带的上方并挖取到岩块；随后液压杆伸出，使斗舱往楔形座移动，当二者卡住斗舱中的岩块时，液压杆停止工作；
    随着机械轮机构的转动，冲洗机构开始工作，喷出高压水流将岩块上污染物冲洗掉；
    在机械轮机构转动到靠近传送机构的上方时，机械轮机构的液压杆收缩，机械轮机构的斗舱也张开，岩块会掉落到传送机构上；
    当岩块运移到烘干机构的正下方时，传送机构停止工作，控制装置开始控制风干装置进行工作，吹出热风，待测岩块的表面即被烘干，烘干机停止工作；
    随后传送机构再次开始工作，将待测岩块传送到打印机构的下方，传送机构再次停止工作，打印机构开始工作，将从TBM主控室微机中获取到的掌子面里程信息打印到下方的岩块上；
    随后传送机构继续工作，将待测岩块传送到后方的装样箱中，一次取样工作即完成。
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