WO2021016877A1 - 物料处理设备 - Google Patents

物料处理设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021016877A1
WO2021016877A1 PCT/CN2019/098418 CN2019098418W WO2021016877A1 WO 2021016877 A1 WO2021016877 A1 WO 2021016877A1 CN 2019098418 W CN2019098418 W CN 2019098418W WO 2021016877 A1 WO2021016877 A1 WO 2021016877A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
heat
processing equipment
material processing
main body
equipment according
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PCT/CN2019/098418
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李媛媛
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李媛媛
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/098418 priority Critical patent/WO2021016877A1/zh
Publication of WO2021016877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021016877A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/10—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with conveyor-screws

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of mechanical equipment, in particular to a material processing equipment.
  • the pyrolysis technology in the prior art is to set a heat source below the pyrolysis target to heat the pyrolysis target, so that it will be thermally decomposed under anoxic or anaerobic conditions, and some of the substances will be converted into gas or liquid.
  • the pyrolysis product is formed, which is recycled and reused, and the residue after pyrolysis is treated as waste. Through the above process, the purpose of pyrolyzing the pyrolysis target is achieved.
  • the pyrolysis target separates different substances at different pyrolysis temperatures. Therefore, in the prior art, the pyrolysis target is heated to different problems according to different requirements to obtain the required substances.
  • pyrolysis can be divided into high-temperature pyrolysis, medium-temperature pyrolysis and low-temperature pyrolysis. According to the different pyrolysis goals, the division temperature of high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature can be different, usually the temperature of pyrolysis is between 100 degrees Celsius and 1000 degrees Celsius , The pyrolysis temperature of some special pyrolysis targets may be above 1000 degrees Celsius.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a material processing device to solve some or all of the aforementioned problems.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a material processing equipment, which includes: a main body, a heat generating part and a heat using part are arranged in the main body, the heat generating part is arranged above the heat using part, and the heat generated in the heat generating part is transferred downward to the heat In the use part, the material in the heat use part is heated and at least decomposes gas and/or liquid.
  • a collection port is arranged under the heat use part; the collector is connected with the collection port and collects at least the aggregate Gas and/or liquid flowing out of the mouth.
  • the material processing equipment further includes a conveyor, which is arranged in the main body and transports materials from bottom to top.
  • the conveyor is also used to continuously or periodically transport at least part of the solids partially decomposed by the heat use to the heat generating part for combustion to generate heat.
  • the material processing equipment further includes a conveyor drive, which is arranged outside the main body and connected with the conveyor to drive the conveyor to rotate.
  • the conveyor driving member is provided at the upper end of the main body, and the upper end is an end away from the heat using part.
  • the conveyor is a screw conveyor
  • the screw conveyor includes: a mounting shaft, the mounting shaft is rotatably arranged in the main body; a screw conveying structure, the screw conveying structure is arranged on the mounting shaft, and rotates with the mounting shaft to push The material moves from bottom to top in the main body.
  • the spiral conveying structure includes an integrated spiral blade; or, the spiral conveying structure includes a plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are sequentially fixed on the mounting shaft along the spiral line, and there is a flow-universal gap between two adjacent blades.
  • the heat generating part includes a heat transport medium flowing to the heat using part in a first direction, the first direction has a first angle with the direction of gravity, and the value range of the first angle is greater than or equal to 0°, and Less than or equal to 90°.
  • the value range of the first included angle is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 60°.
  • the material processing equipment further includes a fan, which is in communication with the main body, and is used for causing the heat transport medium in the heat generating part to flow in the first direction to carry heat into the heat using part.
  • a fan which is in communication with the main body, and is used for causing the heat transport medium in the heat generating part to flow in the first direction to carry heat into the heat using part.
  • the main body includes a first housing and a second housing, the second housing is disposed in the first housing, the second housing includes a heat generating part and a heat using part, and the first housing and the second housing A medium cavity for accommodating the cooling medium is arranged between.
  • the material processing equipment further includes an air intake assembly, the air intake assembly includes a first air intake branch connected to the heat generating part, or the air intake assembly includes a first air intake branch connected to the heat generating part, and The second air intake branch connecting the medium cavity and the heat generating part.
  • the upper part of the main body is provided with an ash discharge port connected with the heat generating part.
  • a first air lock for controlling the opening of the ash discharge port is provided on the ash discharge port.
  • the lower part of the main body is provided with a discharging port connected to the heat using part.
  • a second air lock device for controlling the opening of the feeding opening is provided on the feeding opening.
  • an exhaust port for gas discharge and an oil-water outlet for liquid discharge are provided on the collector, and the oil-water outlet is located below the exhaust port.
  • the heat generating part is used for fuel combustion and generating heat.
  • the heat generating part includes a first combustion section, a second combustion section, and a third combustion section arranged from top to bottom.
  • the first combustion section and the second combustion section The oxygen concentration in the third combustion stage and the third combustion stage gradually decrease; or, the heat use part includes a high temperature thermal decomposition section, a low temperature thermal decomposition section and a drying section, a high temperature thermal decomposition section, a low temperature thermal decomposition section and a drying section arranged from top to bottom. The heat gradually decreases.
  • the main body of the material processing equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application is used to process materials, and the collector is used to collect gas and/or liquid decomposed from the materials.
  • the heat generating part is used to generate heat, and the heat is transmitted down to the heat using part, so that the material in the heat using part is thermally decomposed, and the material at least decomposes into gas and/or liquid, which can be used by heat
  • the collecting port below the part is discharged and flows into the collector to be collected.
  • the decomposed gas and/or liquid Since the heat generating part is located above the heat using part, and the collecting port is located below the heat using part, the decomposed gas and/or liquid will not enter the heat generating part during the discharge process, so that it will not be heated and cause burning In this way, on the one hand, the decomposed gas and/or liquid can be prevented from being lost, and the recovery rate can be improved. On the other hand, it can also avoid the exhaust gas pollution caused by burnout, and reduce the subsequent processing cost of the exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the material processing equipment of Embodiment 1 provided by this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conveyor of the material processing equipment according to the second embodiment provided by this application.
  • Main body 13. First shell; 131. Collecting port; 14. Second shell; 15. Medium cavity; 16. Hopper; 161. Second air lock; 17. Ash discharge pipe; 171. First air lock; 18. Medium inlet; 21. Conveyor drive; 22. Conveyor; 221. Mounting shaft; 222. Screw conveyor structure; 241. Conveying chain; 242. Hopper; 30. Collector; 31. Exhaust outlet; 32, oil and water outlet; 33, second sewage outlet; 41, first intake branch; 42, second intake branch; 50, first sewage outlet.
  • the material processing equipment includes a main body 10 and a collector 30.
  • the main body 10 is provided with a heat generating part and a heat using part.
  • the heat generating part is arranged above the heat using part.
  • the heat generated in the heat application part is transferred downward to the heat application part, so that the material in the heat application part is heated and decomposes at least gas and/or liquid.
  • a collection port 131 is provided under the heat application part; the collector 30 and the aggregate The port 131 is connected, and at least collects the gas and/or liquid flowing out from the collecting port 131.
  • the main body 10 in the material processing equipment is used for processing materials, and the collector 30 is used for collecting gas and/or liquid decomposed from the materials.
  • the heat generating part is used to generate heat, and the heat is transmitted down to the heat using part, so that the material in the heat using part is thermally decomposed, and the material at least decomposes into gas and/or liquid, which can be used by heat
  • the collecting port 131 below the part is discharged and flows into the collector 30 to be collected. Since the heat generating part is located above the heat using part, and the collecting port 131 is located below the heat using part, the gas and/or liquid decomposed will not enter the heat generating part during the discharge process, so that it will not be heated and cause burning. This way, on the one hand, it can prevent the decomposed gas and/or liquid from being lost and improve the recovery rate. On the other hand, it can also avoid the exhaust gas being polluted due to burnout and reduce the subsequent processing cost of the exhaust gas.
  • the material processing equipment may be dry distillation equipment, which is used for dry distillation processing of coal, oil shale, etc.
  • the material processing equipment can also be applied to other appropriate scenarios to meet usage requirements, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the material processing equipment innovatively places a heat generating part (such as a combustion heat source) above the heat using part (such as a pyrolysis chamber), thereby overcoming the problems used in the prior art.
  • a heat generating part such as a combustion heat source
  • part such as a pyrolysis chamber
  • the heat generating part generates heat by burning fuel.
  • the heat generating part may be a space in the main body 10 for fuel combustion.
  • the fuel may be the same as or different from the pyrolyzed material.
  • the pyrolyzed material can be coal raw material, and the burned material can also be coal raw material, or other fuels.
  • the heat using part may be a space for materials to undergo thermal decomposition.
  • the heat generating part and the heat using part are in communication, and the two can be two parts of an inner cavity, or other suitable structures, as long as the heat generated by the heat generating part can be transmitted downward to the heat Just use the department.
  • the advantage of the communication between the heat using part and the heat generating part is that the structure is simpler and it helps heat transfer.
  • the heat transfer medium (such as gas and/or liquid) flows from the heat generating part to the heat using part and carries the heat so that the heat is quickly transferred to the heat using part, and then the heat is used.
  • the material in the part can be decomposed by heat.
  • the heat may be transferred from the heat generating part to the heat using part mainly in other ways, for example, through heat convection or heat radiation.
  • the heat transfer medium in the form of a fluid is mainly used to carry the heat through the flow of the heat transfer medium in this embodiment, the heat is quickly transferred to the heat using part, but it is not limited to this method, which can be accompanied by heat at the same time. Heat transfer by means of radiation and/or heat convection.
  • the material processing equipment further includes an air intake assembly, and the air intake assembly includes a first air intake branch 41 connected to the heat generating part.
  • the first intake branch 41 is used to deliver gas required for the reaction, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., to the heat generating part and the heat using part. These gases can be used to meet the demand for fuel combustion in the heat generating part, and can also be used to catalyze the pyrolysis reaction in the heat using part.
  • different gases can be input through the first intake branch 41, and the input gas can be a single gas or a mixed gas.
  • the first air intake branch 41 is arranged on the upper part of the main body 10, so that the incoming gas can pass through the entire heat generating part from top to bottom, so that it can be fully utilized.
  • the main body 10 in order to ensure that the temperature of the main body 10 is appropriate and avoid damage caused by excessive temperature, the main body 10 includes a first casing 13 and a second casing 14, and the second casing 14 is arranged in the first casing 13.
  • the second housing 14 includes a heat generating part and a heat using part, and a medium cavity 15 for accommodating a cooling medium is provided between the first housing 13 and the second housing 14.
  • the main body 10 forms a double-layer structure, and the medium cavity 15 formed by the gap between the first shell 13 and the second shell 14 can contain the cooling medium, so that the cooling medium can absorb part of the heat generated by the heat generating part In this way, the temperature of the first shell 13 and the second shell 14 are maintained in an appropriate temperature range, thereby ensuring the safety of the operation of the material processing equipment.
  • the first shell 13 and the second shell 14 may be made of the same material, or may be made of different materials.
  • the second casing 14 can be made of a material with better heat resistance, and the first casing 13 can Made of materials with relatively low heat resistance.
  • first housing 13 and the second housing 14 may be the same or different.
  • first shell 13 and the second shell 14 may be cylindrical, prismatic, or tower-shaped. Its cross-sectional shape can be round, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. The same shape of the two is more convenient for processing and can reduce production costs.
  • the cooling medium can be selected from suitable materials, such as liquid medium, gas medium and solid medium.
  • suitable materials such as liquid medium, gas medium and solid medium.
  • the cooling medium in this embodiment is water.
  • the cooling medium may also be air, liquid nitrogen, mineral oil, endothermic sand, and the like.
  • a medium inlet 18 is provided on the upper part of the first housing 13 for injecting a cooling medium into the medium cavity 15, and the medium inlet 18 is in communication with the medium cavity 15.
  • a medium injection pipe may also be connected to the medium inlet 18.
  • a medium control valve can be set on the medium injection pipe to open the medium control valve when necessary to inject the cooling medium, and close the medium control valve when not in use to prevent leakage.
  • the cooling medium absorbs the heat generated by the heat generating part, the liquid cooling medium may undergo a phase change to generate gas in order to allow the gas to be discharged from the medium cavity 15.
  • the material processing equipment includes an air intake assembly
  • the air intake assembly includes a second air intake branch 42 for connecting the medium chamber 15 and the heat generating part.
  • the second intake branch 42 Through the second intake branch 42, the gas generated by the liquid cooling medium due to heat absorption can enter the heat generating part, and then can flow through the heat using part through the heat generating part and then be discharged from the collecting port 131.
  • the cooling medium is a gas, it can also be circulated in the same way as a liquid. If the cooling medium is solid, the circulation of the cooling medium can be realized by providing a medium outlet on the first housing 13.
  • a first sewage outlet 50 is provided at the lower part of the first housing 13 for removing solids in the medium chamber 15 Particles, impurities and dirt are discharged.
  • the first sewage outlet 50 can also be used to quickly release the cooling medium in the medium cavity 15 when needed to meet the demand.
  • the upper part of the main body 10 is provided with an ash discharge port connected to the heat generating part.
  • the ash discharge port is used for discharging residues after fuel combustion in the heat generating part.
  • the position of the ash discharge port on the main body 10 can be adjusted appropriately, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the ash unloading port is arranged downwards, so that the residue falls by gravity, which improves the reliability of ash unloading and avoids blockage.
  • the ash discharge port is formed by an ash discharge pipe 17 passing through the first shell 13 and connected to the second shell 14 to lead the residue out of the main body 10.
  • a first air lock 171 that controls the opening of the ash discharge port is provided on the ash discharge port.
  • the first gas lock 171 is used to prevent gas from leaking out when needed.
  • the first air lock 171 is arranged on the ash discharge pipe 17, and by controlling the opening degree of the first air lock 171, the opening of the ash discharge port can be controlled.
  • the structure of the first air lock 171 can be determined as required.
  • the first air lock 171 includes a plurality of partitions rotatably arranged on the ash discharge pipe 17, and the degree of opening can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the partitions.
  • the angle of the partition can be adjusted manually or driven by a motor.
  • the lower part of the main body 10 is provided with a discharging port connected to the heat using part.
  • the discharge port is used to add materials to the heat using part.
  • the position of the feed opening on the main body 10 can be adjusted appropriately, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the feed opening can be set upwards, so that when the material is added from above the feed opening, it can fall into the heat using part more easily.
  • the discharging port is formed by a discharging pipe passing through the first shell 13 and connected with the second shell 14 to introduce the material.
  • a second air lock 161 for controlling the opening of the feeding opening is provided on the feeding opening.
  • the second air lock 161 is used to prevent gas from leaking out when necessary.
  • the second air lock 161 is arranged on the feeding pipe, and by controlling the opening degree of the second air lock 161, the opening of the feeding opening can be controlled, and the filling speed can be controlled.
  • the structure of the second air lock 161 may be the same as or different from the structure of the first air lock 171.
  • the structure of the second air lock 161 is the same as the structure of the first air lock 171, so it will not be repeated. This can further reduce the production cost of material handling equipment.
  • a cone-shaped hopper 16 is connected to the discharge pipe, and materials can be placed in the cone-shaped hopper 16.
  • the second air lock 161 is opened to make the material in the cone-shaped hopper 16 Falling to achieve automatic feeding.
  • the material processing equipment further includes a conveyor 22, which is arranged in the main body 10 and transports materials from bottom to top. Since the conveyor 22 is arranged in the main body 10, on the one hand, the overall structure of the material processing equipment can be made more compact, and on the other hand, the material can be automatically transported in the main body 10 (the material can be either pyrolysis material or Fuel), in addition, the material can be more evenly distributed in the main body 10, which is helpful for full combustion and full pyrolysis.
  • the material conveyor 22 may be at least partially disposed outside the main body 10, as long as the material can be transported from bottom to top.
  • the conveyor 22 can continuously transport materials or periodically transport materials as required, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the conveyor 22 is also used to continuously or periodically transport at least part of the solids partially decomposed by the heat use to the heat generating part for combustion to generate heat.
  • coal in addition to gas and condensed oil, coal will decompose carbon, and because the conveyor 22 conveys materials from bottom to top, the heat use part is located under the heat generation part. Therefore, the material will be thermally decomposed in the heat-using part to generate carbon.
  • the carbon can be directly transported from the inside of the main body 10 to the heat-generating part by the conveyor 22, which is burned as fuel to generate heat.
  • the solids produced by pyrolysis are discharged from the heat use part to make room for new materials to ensure continuous pyrolysis.
  • it can also make full use of the carbon generated by the pyrolysis of materials (such as organic matter) for secondary combustion. Improved energy efficiency.
  • the conveyor 22 can periodically discharge at least part of the solids produced by pyrolysis out of the heat using part and send it to the heat generating part, which can still ensure the continuous progress of the materials in the heat using part. Pyrolysis without interruption.
  • the conveyor 22 can also continuously discharge at least part of the solids produced by pyrolysis from the heat use part, as long as the conveyor 22 is adjusted to an appropriate conveying speed according to the pyrolysis speed of the material.
  • the conveying speed can appropriately adjust the conveying speed according to needs, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the conveyor 22 continuously conveys at least part of the solids generated by pyrolysis to the heat generating part.
  • the conveying speed of the conveyor 22 can be a material conveying distance of 10 cm to 100 cm per hour. According to different materials to be pyrolyzed, different conveying speeds can be adjusted.
  • the material processing equipment further includes a conveyor driving member 21, which is arranged outside the main body 10 and connected to the conveyor 22 to drive the conveyor 22 to rotate.
  • a conveyor driving member 21 which is arranged outside the main body 10 and connected to the conveyor 22 to drive the conveyor 22 to rotate.
  • the conveyor 22 can be controlled to convey or stop conveying materials and/or at least part of solids produced by pyrolysis by controlling the operation or stopping of the conveyor drive 21.
  • the conveyor drive 21 may be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor or the like.
  • the conveyor driving member 21 is provided at the upper end of the main body 10, and the upper end is an end away from the heat using part.
  • the transmission mechanism connected to the conveyor drive 21 (the transmission mechanism is used to connect the conveyor drive 21 and the conveyor 22) is sealed against the pyrolysis reaction in the heat using part. influences.
  • the conveyor 22 is a screw conveyor to convey materials and/or at least part of the solids produced by pyrolysis from bottom to top through the rotation of the conveyor 22, making the overall structure more compact and more reliable.
  • the conveyor 22 may have other structures.
  • the screw conveyor can not only realize the conveying, but also can fully agitate the animal material and/or at least part of the solid produced by pyrolysis during the conveying process, so that the material can be heated more uniformly and fully, thereby ensuring the effect of pyrolysis.
  • the screw conveyor includes a mounting shaft 221 and a screw conveying structure 222.
  • the mounting shaft 221 is rotatably arranged in the main body 10.
  • the screw conveying structure 222 is arranged on the mounting shaft 221 and rotates with the mounting shaft 221 to push the material to move from bottom to top in the main body 10.
  • the structure can be made reliable, thereby ensuring that the material and/or at least part of the solids produced by pyrolysis can be reliably conveyed.
  • the spiral conveying structure 222 includes an integrated spiral blade.
  • the integrated screw conveying structure 222 is easy to process.
  • the spiral conveying structure 222 includes a plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are sequentially fixed on the mounting shaft 221 along a spiral line, and there is a flow gap between two adjacent blades.
  • the blades are formed into a layered structure, which can make the flow of the heat transport medium in the form of fluid more convenient, thereby reducing the flow resistance.
  • a part of the spiral conveying structure 222 is an integrated spiral blade, and the other part is formed by a plurality of blades arranged along a spiral line.
  • a heat transfer medium in the form of a fluid is used to carry heat, and the flow of the heat transfer medium is used to realize rapid heat transfer from the heat generating part to the heat using part, which fully guarantees the heat transfer effect and transfer efficiency, thereby ensuring
  • the temperature of the heat using part can be maintained at a temperature that enables the material to be pyrolyzed, ensuring the reliability of pyrolysis, and also ensuring that the material can be fully pyrolyzed in the heat using part to prevent material waste.
  • the heat transfer medium includes at least one of the following: gas generated by the combustion of fuel in the heat generating part, at least part of the liquid, and gaseous cooling medium entering through the second intake branch 42.
  • gas generated by the combustion of fuel in the heat generating part at least part of the liquid
  • gaseous cooling medium entering through the second intake branch 42 gaseous cooling medium entering through the second intake branch 42.
  • the heat transfer medium can be different, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the heat generating part includes a heat transport medium flowing to the heat using part in a first direction
  • the first direction has a first angle with the direction of gravity, and the value range of the first angle is greater than or equal to 0° , And less than or equal to 90°.
  • the first direction is the direction toward the collection port 131. Since the flow direction of the heat transfer medium is toward the collection port 131, it will also force the gas and/or liquid generated by the pyrolysis of the material toward the collection port 131. Movement, so as to prevent the gas and/or liquid generated by pyrolysis from entering the heat generating part and causing secondary burning.
  • the value range of the first included angle is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 60°.
  • the angle within this range makes the liquid produced by pyrolysis more affected by gravity and easier to move towards the collecting port 131, thereby well solving the problem of secondary burning of gas and/or liquid produced by pyrolysis.
  • the value range of the first included angle may also be 60°.
  • the main body 10 in order to enable the heat transfer medium to flow in the first direction, is arranged parallel to the first direction.
  • the main body 10 can be inclined 60° relative to the vertical plane, so that when the heat transfer medium flows in the main body 10, its flow direction (that is, the first Direction) naturally has a first included angle with the direction of gravity.
  • the material processing equipment further includes a fan, which is connected to the main body 10 for causing the heat transport medium in the heat generating part to flow in the first direction to carry heat into the heat using part.
  • a fan which is connected to the main body 10 for causing the heat transport medium in the heat generating part to flow in the first direction to carry heat into the heat using part.
  • the suction effect of the fan or the blowing effect can make the heat transport medium flow in the first direction.
  • the power of the fan can be controlled to adjust the movement speed of the heat transfer medium, thereby adjusting the heat transfer speed.
  • the collector 30 is disposed below the main body 10 to be connected to the collecting port 131 and at least collect the gas and/or liquid generated by pyrolysis discharged from the collecting port 131.
  • the collector 30 can also collect a heat transfer medium (the heat transfer medium includes at least one of the following: gas and/or liquid produced by combustion, gaseous cooling medium, gas flowing in through the first intake branch 41).
  • the collector 30 can be arranged in other positions, as long as it is connected to the collecting port 131 of the main body 10, it can at least collect the gas and/or liquid produced by the pyrolysis discharged from the collecting port 131. can.
  • the collector 30 is provided with an exhaust port 31 for gas discharge and an oil-water outlet 32 for liquid discharge.
  • the oil-water outlet 32 is located below the exhaust port 31. In this way, the gas can be easily separated from the liquid so that it can be discharged smoothly.
  • the collector 30 is also provided with a second sewage outlet 33 for discharging dirt and solid impurities in the collector 30.
  • the second sewage outlet 33 is located below the oil and water outlet 32.
  • the aforementioned fan may communicate with the main body 10 through the exhaust port 31 of the collector 30, so as to realize the movement of the heat transfer medium from the heat generating part to the heat using part, and forcing the gas and/or liquid produced by pyrolysis The purpose of downward movement. Moreover, this structural connection is simpler and the structure is more streamlined.
  • the second air lock 161 is opened, and the material is fed through the discharge port, so that the material enters the heat using part in the main body 10, and the conveyor 22 gradually transports the material upward until the amount of material in the main body 10 meets the demand.
  • the heat using part and the heat generating part of the main body 10 are filled.
  • the second air lock 161 is closed, and gas is introduced into the heat generating part through the first intake branch 41.
  • a cooling medium is passed into the medium cavity 15.
  • the material in the heat generating part is ignited (the material is used as fuel) to start burning.
  • the fan works and starts to draw air.
  • the heat transport medium in the heat generating part flows along the first direction under pressure, and Carry the heat generated by combustion and transfer downwards.
  • the temperature of the heat using part rises, the material is thermally decomposed, and a pyrolysis product is generated (the pyrolysis product includes at least one of gas, liquid and solid).
  • the pyrolysis product includes at least one of gas, liquid and solid.
  • the solids and unpyrolyzed materials in the pyrolysis products will gradually move upward along with the conveying of the conveyor 22, and the materials will gradually pyrolyze during the movement until they enter the heat generating part and begin to burn, and during the combustion process It will still be conveyed upward by the conveyor 22 until it reaches the top ash discharge port and is discharged.
  • the conveyor 22 can continuously rotate, or it can rotate periodically.
  • the discharge port and the ash discharge port can be opened at a certain frequency as required, and the two can be opened and closed synchronously or in different steps.
  • the gas entering through the first intake branch 41 will gradually move from top to bottom.
  • the oxygen is gradually depleted, so that when the gas reaches the heat using part, the amount of oxygen is not enough to burn the material, and the material is heated to decompose.
  • the oxygen concentration of the first, second and third combustion sections will gradually decrease, namely The first combustion section performs oxy-fuel combustion, the second combustion section performs oxygen-deficient combustion, and the third combustion section performs anaerobic combustion. Since materials and/or solids produced by pyrolysis are transported from bottom to top, it can be ensured that they are gradually fully burned in the process of gradual upwards, and resource waste is avoided.
  • the heat use part includes a high-temperature thermal decomposition section, a low-temperature thermal decomposition section, and a drying section sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
  • the heat in the decomposition section, the low-temperature thermal decomposition section and the drying section are gradually reduced, so that the material can be fully pyrolyzed during the transportation process.
  • the difference between the material processing equipment provided in this embodiment and the material processing equipment in the first embodiment is that the conveyor 22 adopts a belt conveyor 22, and other structures can adopt the corresponding structure in the first embodiment and have corresponding effects. Repeat it again.
  • the structure of the belt conveyor 22 will be described in detail below:
  • the belt conveyor structure includes a conveyor chain 241 and a hopper 242 arranged on the conveyor chain 241.
  • the hopper 242 is used to hold materials. With the rotation of the conveying chain 241, the hopper 242 is driven to move in the main body 10, so that the materials and/or solids produced by pyrolysis move from bottom to top.
  • the hopper 242 may be arranged on one side of the chain, or the hopper 242 may be arranged on both sides. Holes for the fluid to flow out of the hopper 242 are provided on the surface of the hopper 242, so that the pyrolyzed fluid flows out.
  • the conveying chain 241 rotates intermittently, so that each hopper 242 is sequentially filled with materials.
  • the materials are conveyed from bottom to top until all the hoppers 242 on the side of the chain are filled with materials.
  • the material in the heat generating space is ignited to burn as fuel and generate heat.
  • the heat is carried by the heat transfer medium and transferred down to the heat using part, where the material is heated to decompose the pyrolysis product.
  • the gas and/or liquid in the pyrolysis product moves downward and flows out from the collecting port 131.
  • the solids in the pyrolysis products are gradually transported upwards to the heat generating part for combustion.
  • first, second, the first or “the second” used in various embodiments of the present application can modify various components regardless of order and/or importance , But these expressions do not limit the corresponding components.
  • the above expressions are only used for the purpose of distinguishing elements from other elements.
  • the first user radiotherapy equipment and the second user radiotherapy equipment represent different user radiotherapy equipment, although both are user radiotherapy equipment.
  • the first element may be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may be referred to as the first element.

Abstract

一种物料处理设备，包括：主体中设置有热量发生部和热量使用部，热量发生部设置在热量使用部上方，热量发生部中产生的热量向下传输至热量使用部中，使热量使用部中的物料受热并至少分解出气体和/或液体，热量使用部的下方设置有集料口（131）；收集器（30），收集器（30）与集料口（131）连接，并至少收集从集料口（131）流出的气体和/或液体。由于热量发生部位于热量使用部的上方，而集料口（131）位于热量使用部的下方，使得分解出的气体和/或液体排出的过程中不会进入热量发生部中，从而不会受热造成烧损，能够提高回收率，降低后续对排气的处理成本。

Description

物料处理设备 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及机械设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种物料处理设备。
背景技术
现有技术中的热解技术是，采用在热解目标的下方设置热源对热解目标进行加热，使其在缺氧或无氧条件下受热分解，其中的部分物质会转化为气态或液态，形成热解产物，对其进行回收再利用，热解后的残留物作废料处理。通过上述过程实现了对热解目标进行热解处理的目的。
通常情况下，热解目标在不同的热解温度下分离出的物质不同，因此，现有技术中，根据需求的不同会对热解目标加热到不同的问题，以获得需要的物质。一般热解可以分为高温热解、中温热解和低温热解，根据热解目标的不同，高温、中温和低温的划分温度可以不同，通常热解的温度在100摄氏度到1000摄氏度之间，一些特殊的热解目标的热解温度可能在1000摄氏度之上。
由于在热解处理过程时，一些热解产物会在重力等的作用下靠近热源或者落入热源中而燃烧，导致热解产物被燃烧损耗，且热解产物燃烧后产生的气体会污染热源燃烧的烟气，使得烟气处理成本增加。
实用新型内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种物料处理设备，以解决前述的部分或全部问题。
本申请实施例提供一种物料处理设备，其包括：主体，主体中设置 有热量发生部和热量使用部，热量发生部设置在热量使用部上方，热量发生部中产生的热量向下传输至热量使用部中，使热量使用部中的物料受热并至少分解出气体和/或液体，热量使用部的下方设置有集料口；收集器，收集器与集料口连接，并至少收集从集料口流出的气体和/或液体。
可选地，物料处理设备还包括输送器，输送器设置在主体内，并由下至上运送物料。
可选地，输送器还用于将热量使用部分解出的至少部分固体连续地或周期性地输送至热量发生部中燃烧以产生热量。
可选地，物料处理设备还包括输送器驱动件，输送器驱动件设置在主体外，并与输送器连接，驱动输送器转动。
可选地，输送器驱动件设置在主体的上端，上端为远离热量使用部的一端。
可选地，输送器为螺旋输送器，螺旋输送器包括：安装轴，安装轴可转动地设置在主体内；螺旋输送结构，螺旋输送结构设置在安装轴上，并随安装轴转动，以推动物料在主体内由下至上运动。
可选地，螺旋输送结构包括一体式螺旋叶片；或者，螺旋输送结构包括多个叶片，多个叶片沿螺旋线依次固定在安装轴上，且相邻两个叶片之间具有流通用间隙。
可选地，热量发生部中包括沿第一方向流动到热量使用部的热量输送介质，第一方向与重力方向具有第一夹角，第一夹角的取值范围大于或等于0°，且小于或等于90°。
可选地，第一夹角的取值范围为大于或等于0°，且小于60°。
可选地，物料处理设备还包括风机，风机与主体连通，用于使热量发生部中的热量输送介质沿第一方向流动，以携带热量进入热量使用部。
可选地，主体包括第一壳体和第二壳体，第二壳体设置在第一壳体内，第二壳体包括热量发生部和热量使用部，第一壳体和第二壳体之间设置有用于容纳冷却介质的介质腔。
可选地，物料处理设备还包括进气组件，进气组件包括与热量发生部连接的第一进气支路，或者，进气组件包括与热量发生部连接的第一进气支路、和连接介质腔与热量发生部的第二进气支路。
可选地，主体的上部设置有与热量发生部连接的卸灰口。
可选地，卸灰口上设置有控制卸灰口开度的第一锁气器。
可选地，主体的下部设置有与热量使用部连接的下料口。
可选地，下料口上设置有控制下料口开度的第二锁气器。
可选地，收集器上设置有供气体排出的排气口和供液体排出的油水出口，油水出口位于排气口的下方。
可选地，热量发生部用于供燃料燃烧并产生热量，热量发生部包括由上到下依次设置的第一燃烧段、第二燃烧段和第三燃烧段，第一燃烧段、第二燃烧段和第三燃烧段的氧气浓度逐渐降低；或者，热量使用部包括由上到下依次设置的高温受热分解段、低温受热分解段和干燥段，高温受热分解段、低温受热分解段和干燥段的热量逐渐减少。
由以上技术方案可见，本申请实施例提供的物料处理设备中的主体用于处理物料，收集器用于收集物料分解出的气体和/或液体。其中，热量发生部用于产生热量，该热量向下传输至热量使用部，使热量使用部中的物料受热分解，物料至少分解出气体和/或液体，这些气体和/或液体可以通过热量使用部下方的集料口排出，并流入收集器中被收集。由于热量发生部位于热量使用部的上方，而集料口位于热量使用部的下方，使得分解出的气体和/或液体排出的过程中不会进入热量发生部中，从而不会受热造成烧损，这样一方面可以避免分解出的气体和/或液体被损耗，提高回收率，另一方面也避免了由于烧损导致的排气被污染的情况，降低了后续对排气的处理成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请实施例中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请提供的实施例一的物料处理设备的结构示意图；
图2为本申请提供的实施例二的物料处理设备的输送器的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
10、主体；13、第一壳体；131、集料口；14、第二壳体；15、介质腔；16、盛料斗；161、第二锁气器；17、卸灰管；171、第一锁气器；18、介质入口；21、输送器驱动件；22、输送器；221、安装轴；222、螺旋输送结构；241、输送链条；242、料斗；30、收集器；31、排气口；32、油水出口；33、第二排污口；41、第一进气支路；42、第二进气支路；50、第一排污口。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的人员更好地理解本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请实施例一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请实施例中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
下面结合本申请实施例附图进一步说明本申请实施例具体实现。
实施例一
如图1所示，根据本申请的实施例一，物料处理设备包括主体10和收集器30，主体10中设置有热量发生部和热量使用部，热量发生部设置在热量使用部上方，热量发生部中产生的热量向下传输至热量使用部中，使热量使用部中的物料受热并至少分解出气体和/或液体，热量使用部的下方设置有集料口131；收集器30与集料口131连接，并至少收集从集料口131流出的气体和/或液体。
该物料处理设备中的主体10用于处理物料，收集器30用于收集物料分解出的气体和/或液体。其中，热量发生部用于产生热量，该热量向下传输至热量使用部，使热量使用部中的物料受热分解，物料至少分解出气体和/或液体，这些气体和/或液体可以通过热量使用部下方的集料口131排出，并流入收集器30中被收集。由于热量发生部位于热量使用部的上方，而集料口131位于热量使用部的下方，使得分解出的气体和/或液体排出的过程中不会进入热量发生部中，从而不会受热造成烧损，这样一方面可以避免分解出的气体和/或液体被损耗，提高回收率，另一方面也避免了由于烧损导致的排气被污染的情况，降低了后续对排气的处理成本。
本实施例中，该物料处理设备可以是干馏设备，用于对煤、油页岩等进行干馏处理。当然，在其他实施例中，物料处理设备还可以应用到其他适当的场景中，满足使用需求，本实施例对此不作限定。
以其是干馏设备为例，该物料处理设备革新性地将热量发生部(例如燃烧热源)设置在了热量使用部(例如热解腔)的上方，从而克服了解决了现有技术中使用了五十年之久的下部燃烧方案存在干馏二次损耗大、烟气污染严重、能源成本高的问题。
下面对本申请的物料处理装置的各部分结构和作用进行详细说明如下：
如图1所示，其示出了本申请的实施例一的物料处理设备的结构示意图。在本实施例中，热量发生部采用燃烧燃料的方式产生热量。例如，热量发生部可以是位于主体10内的供燃料燃烧的空间。该燃料可以与热解的物料相同，也可以与热解的物料不同。例如，在用于煤干馏时，热解的物料可以是煤原料，燃烧的物料也可以是煤原料，或者是其他燃料。
热量使用部可以是用于供物料进行受热分解的空间。在本实施例中，热量发生部与热量使用部之间是连通的，两者可以是一个内腔的两部分，或者其他适当的结构，只要保证热量发生部产生的热量可以向下传输至热量使用部即可。热量使用部与热量发生部连通的好处在于结构更加简单，且有助 于热量的传递。
在本实施例中，主要通过使热量输送介质(如气体和/或液体)由热量发生部向热量使用部流动，并携带热量的方式使热量快速地传输到热量使用部中，进而使热量使用部中的物料能够受热分解。当然，在其他实施例中，热量可以主要通过其他方式由热量发生部传输到热量使用部中，例如，通过热对流的方式或者热辐射的方式。此外，需要说明的是，本实施例中虽然主要通过使流体形式的热量输送介质流动携带热量的方式使热量快速传输到热量使用部，但不限于只采用这一种方式，其可以同时伴随热辐射和/或热对流的方式进行热量传递。
由于热量发生部中燃料会进行燃烧，为了保证燃烧的顺利进行，物料处理设备还包括进气组件，进气组件包括与热量发生部连接的第一进气支路41。第一进气支路41用于向热量发生部和热量使用部输送反应需要的气体，例如氧气、二氧化碳等。这些气体可以用于满足热量发生部中燃料进行燃烧的需求，也可以用于对热量使用部中的热解反应进行催化。根据需要的不同可以通过第一进气支路41输入不同的气体，输入的气体可以单一气体也可以是混合气。
在本实施例中，第一进气支路41设置在主体10的上部，以使进入的气体可以由上到下通过整个热量发生部，使其能够被充分利用。
在本实施例中，为了保证主体10的温度适宜，避免温度过高造成损坏，主体10包括第一壳体13和第二壳体14，第二壳体14设置在第一壳体13内，第二壳体14包括热量发生部和热量使用部，第一壳体13和第二壳体14之间设置有用于容纳冷却介质的介质腔15。
通过这种方式主体10形成双层结构，而第一壳体13和第二壳体14之间的间隙形成的介质腔15可以容纳冷却介质，从而使冷却介质可以吸收一部分热量发生部产生的热量，以此将第一壳体13和第二壳体14的温度维持在适当的温度范围，从而保证物料处理设备运行的安全性。
根据使用需求的不同，第一壳体13和第二壳体14可以采用相同的 材质制作，也可以采用不同的材质制作。例如，由于第二壳体14的耐热性需求比第一壳体13的耐热性需求高，因此，第二壳体14可以采用耐热性更好的材质制作，第一壳体13可以采用耐热性相对较低的材质制作。
第一壳体13和第二壳体14的形状可以相同或不同。例如，第一壳体13和第二壳体14可以为圆柱状、棱柱状、或塔型等。其横截面形状可以是圆形、长方形、六边形等。两者的形状相同更加便于加工，可以降低生产成本。
根据需要不同，冷却介质可以选用合适的材料，如液体介质、气体介质和固体介质等。为了在满足冷却需求的情况下，降低成本且保护环境避免污染，本实施例中的冷却介质为水。在其他实施例中，冷却介质还可以是空气、液氮、矿物油、吸热砂等。
可选地，在第一壳体13的上部设置有介质入口18，用于向介质腔15中注入冷却介质，该介质入口18与介质腔15连通。通过将介质入口18设置在上部，使得冷却介质可以更加方便地在重力作用下运动，以便更快速地注入冷却介质。
可选地，在介质入口18上还可以连接介质注入管。为了便于控制，保证运行的安全性，可以在介质注入管上设置介质控制阀，以在需要时打开介质控制阀，使冷却介质注入，在不使用时关闭介质控制阀，防止泄露。
由于冷却介质会吸收热量发生部产生的热量，因此，液态的冷却介质可能会发生相变产生气体，为了使气体能够从介质腔15排出。
优选地，物料处理设备包括进气组件，该进气组件包括第二进气支路42，其用于连接介质腔15与热量发生部。通过第二进气支路42，液体的冷却介质由于吸热产生的气体可以进入到热量发生部，后续可以通过热量发生部流经热量使用部后从集料口131排出。
这样不仅解决了介质腔15中的气体外排的问题，而且还可以使冷却介质吸收的热量被循环带到热量使用部中供使用，充分利用了热量。而且通过这种方式可以实现液态的冷却介质的循环，当介质腔15中的冷却介质减 少时，可以通过介质入口18补入新的冷却介质，以此保证冷却效果。
若冷却介质为气体也可以采用与液体相同的方式实现循环。若冷却介质为固体，则可以通过在第一壳体13上设置介质出口的方式实现冷却介质的循环。
可选地，为了保证介质腔15中的清洁度，避免污垢沉积等影响循环或者腐蚀设备，在第一壳体13的下部设置有第一排污口50，用于供将介质腔15中的固体颗粒、杂质和污垢等排出。此外，该第一排污口50也可以用于在需要时快速放出介质腔15中的冷却介质，以满足需求。
由于第二壳体14中包括热量发生部和热量使用部，为了便于将物料和/或燃料加入第二壳体14内，主体10的上部设置有与热量发生部连接的卸灰口。该卸灰口用于供热量发生部中的燃料燃烧后的残渣排出。当然，在其他实施例中，卸灰口在主体10上的位置可以适当调整，本实施例对此不作限定。
优选地，卸灰口朝下设置，以便于残渣通过重力下落，提升卸灰可靠性，避免堵塞。如图1所示，具体地，卸灰口通过穿过第一壳体13、与第二壳体14连接的卸灰管17形成，以将残渣导出主体10。
可选地，卸灰口上设置有控制卸灰口开度的第一锁气器171。第一锁气器171用于在需要时防止气体外泄。具体地，第一锁气器171设置在卸灰管17上，通过控制第一锁气器171的打开程度，可以控制卸灰口的开度。
第一锁气器171的结构可以根据需要确定。例如，第一锁气器171包括多个可转动地设置在卸灰管17上的隔板，通过调节隔板的角度可以控制打开程度。隔板的角度可以手动调节或者通过电机驱动进行调节等。
可选地，主体10的下部设置有与热量使用部连接的下料口。该下料口用于向热量使用部中添加物料。当然，在其他实施例中，下料口在主体10上的位置可以适当调整，本实施例对此不作限定。
优选地，下料口可以朝上设置，以使在从下料口上方添加物料时，其可以更容易地落入热量使用部内。如图1所示，具体地，下料口通过穿过 第一壳体13、与第二壳体14连接的下料管形成，以将物料导入。
可选地，下料口上设置有控制下料口开度的第二锁气器161。第二锁气器161用于在需要时防止气体外泄。具体地，第二锁气器161设置在下料管上，通过控制第二锁气器161的打开程度，可以控制下料口的开度，进而控制填料速度。
第二锁气器161的结构可以与第一锁气器171的结构相同或不同。本实施例中，第二锁气器161的结构与第一锁气器171结构相同，故而不再赘述。这样可以进一步降低物料处理设备的生产成本。
在本实施例中，下料管上连接有锥形盛料斗16，物料可以放置在锥形盛料斗16内，在需要时，打开第二锁气器161，使锥形盛料斗16中的物料下落，以此实现自动进料。
可选地，为了提升自动化程度，物料处理设备还包括输送器22，输送器22设置在主体10内，并由下至上运送物料。由于输送器22设置在主体10内，一方面可以使物料处理设备的结构整体更加紧凑，另一方面还可以实现自动在主体10内输送物料(该物料既可以是热解用物料，也可以是燃料)，此外，还可以使物料在主体10内分布更加均匀，有助于充分燃烧和充分热解。
当然，在其他实施例中，物料输送器22可以至少部分设置在主体10外，只要能够将物料由下至上运送即可。
根据需要输送器22可以连续地输送物料，或者周期性地输送物料，本实施例对此不作限定。
优选地，由于物料在热量使用部中受热分解时，不仅可以产生气体和/或液体(可以是冷凝油等)，而且还可能产生固体，而通常这些固体是可燃物，为了避免资源浪费，降低耗能，减少废物排放，输送器22还用于将热量使用部分解出的至少部分固体连续地或周期性地输送至热量发生部中燃烧以产生热量。
例如，在使用物料处理设备进行煤干馏过程中，煤分解出气体和冷凝油外，还会残留下碳，而由于输送器22是由下到上的输送物料，而热量使 用部位于热量发生部下方，因此，物料会在热量使用部受热分解而产生碳，这些碳可以被输送器22从主体10内部直接输送到热量发生部，作为燃料燃烧产生热量，这样一方面实现了将热量使用部中热解产生的固体排出热量使用部，为新的物料腾出空间，保证可以进行连续热解的目的，另一方面，还可以充分利用物料(例如有机物)热解产生的碳进行二次燃烧，提高了能源利用率。
需要说明的是，由于物料热解需要一定时间，因此，输送器22可以周期性地将热解产生的至少部分固体排出热量使用部，送到热量发生部，依然可以保证热量使用部内物料连续进行热解，而不中断。
当然，输送器22也可以连续地将热解产生的至少部分固体排出热量使用部，只要根据物料热解速度调整输送器22到适当的输送速度即可。本领域技术人员可以根据需要适当调整输送速度，本实施例对此不作限定。
在本实施例中，以输送器22连续地将热解产生的至少部分固体输送至热量发生部为例进行说明。输送器22的输送速度可以是每小时物料输送距离为10cm到100cm。根据热解的物料不同，可以调整到不同的输送速度。
在本实施例中，物料处理设备还包括输送器驱动件21，输送器驱动件21设置在主体10外，并与输送器22连接，驱动输送器22转动。通过将输送器驱动件21设置在主体10外可以减少其受高温的影响，有助于提升使用寿命和运行安全性。通过输送器驱动件21可以使输送器22转动，并带动物料移动，实现物料输送。
此外，可以通过控制输送器驱动件21的工作或停止控制控制输送器22输送或者停止输送物料和/或热解产生的至少部分固体。在本实施例中，输送器驱动件21可以是电机或液压马达等。
优选地，输送器驱动件21设置在主体10的上端，上端为远离热量使用部的一端。通过将输送器驱动件21上置，解决了输送器驱动件21上连接的传动机构(该传动机构用于连接输送器驱动件21和输送器22)密封对热量使用部中的热解反应的影响。
在本实施例中，输送器22为螺旋输送器，以通过输送器22的转动将物料和/或热解产生的至少部分固体由下向上输送，且使结构整体较为紧凑，且可靠性更好。当然，其他实施例中，输送器22可以为其他结构。使用螺旋输送器不仅可以实现输送，且在输送过程中可以充分搅动物料和/或热解产生的至少部分固体，从而使物料受热更加均匀充分，以此保证热解的效果。
具体地，螺旋输送器包括安装轴221和螺旋输送结构222。其中，安装轴221可转动地设置在主体10内。螺旋输送结构222设置在安装轴221上，并随安装轴221转动，以推动物料在主体10内由下至上运动。
通过安装轴221承载螺旋输送结构222可以使其结构可靠，进而可以保证能够可靠地输送物料和/或热解产生的至少部分固体。
可选地，螺旋输送结构222包括一体式螺旋叶片。此种一体式的螺旋输送结构222加工简单。
或者，螺旋输送结构222包括多个叶片，多个叶片沿螺旋线依次固定在安装轴221上，且相邻两个叶片之间具有流通用间隙。这样使得叶片形成层片结构，可以使流体形式的热量输送介质的流动更加方便，从而减少流动阻力。
或者，螺旋输送结构222的一部分是一体式螺旋叶片，另一部分是由多个叶片沿螺旋线设置形成的。
在本实施例中，使用流体形式的热量输送介质来携带热量，通过热量输送介质的流动来实现热量快速由热量发生部传输到热量使用部，充分保证了热量的输送效果和输送效率，进而保证热量使用部的温度能够维持在使物料能够热解的温度，确保热解的可靠性，也保证物料在热量使用部中能够进行充分的热解，防止物料浪费。
在本实施例中，热量输送介质包括下列至少之一：在热量发生部的燃料燃烧产生的气体、至少部分液体和通过第二进气支路42进入的气态的冷却介质等。当然，根据需要的不同，热量输送介质可以不同，本实施例对此不作限定。
在本实施例中，热量发生部中包括沿第一方向流动到热量使用部的热量输送介质，第一方向与重力方向具有第一夹角，第一夹角的取值范围大于或等于0°，且小于或等于90°。其中，该第一方向为朝向集料口131的方向，由于热量输送介质的流动方向朝向集料口131，因此其还会迫使物料热解产生的气体和/或液体随之朝向集料口131运动，从而防止热解产生的气体和/或液体进入热量发生部，而发生二次烧损。
优选地，第一夹角的取值范围为大于或等于0°，且小于60°。这一范围内的角度，使热解产生的液体受重力影响更大，更容易朝向集料口131运动，从而很好地解决了热解产生的气体和/或液体二次烧损的问题。
当然，第一夹角的取值范围也可以是60°等。
在本实施例中，为了使热量输送介质能够沿第一方向流动，主体10平行于第一方向设置。例如，若第一方向与重力方向具有60°的夹角，则可以将主体10相较于竖直面倾斜60°设置，这样热量输送介质在主体10内流动时，其流动方向(即第一方向)自然与重力方向具有需要角度的第一夹角。
优选地，为了确保热量输送介质的流动方向，物料处理设备还包括风机，风机与主体10连通，用于使热量发生部中的热量输送介质沿第一方向流动，以携带热量进入热量使用部。通过风机的抽吸作用或者是吹气作用，均可以使热量输送介质沿第一方向流动。根据需要的不同，可以控制风机功率的大小，以调节热量输送介质运动速度，从而调整热量输送速度。
在本实施例中，收集器30设置在主体10的下方，以与集料口131连接，并至少收集从集料口131排出的热解产生的气体和/或液体。该收集器30还可以收集热量输送介质(该热量输送介质包括下列至少之一：燃烧产生的气体和/或液体、气态的冷却介质、通过第一进气支路41流入的气体)。
当然，在其他实施例中，收集器30可以设置在其他位置，只要保证其与主体10的集料口131连接，能够至少收集从集料口131排出的热解产生的气体和/或液体即可。
在本实施例中，收集器30上设置有供气体排出的排气口31和供液体排出的油水出口32，油水出口32位于排气口31的下方。这样可以方便地将气体与液态分离，使其能够顺利排出。
在收集器30上还设置有用于将收集器30中的污垢、固体杂质等排出的第二排污口33。第二排污口33位于油水出口32的下方。
可选地，前述的风机可以通过收集器30的排气口31与主体10实现连通，从而实现使热量输送介质从热量发生部运动到热量使用部，并迫使热解产生的气体和/或液体向下运动的目的。而且这种结构连接更加简单，结构更加精简。
下面结合图1，对物料处理设备的工作过程描述如下：
初始时，打开第二锁气器161，通过下料口进料，使物料进入主体10内的热量使用部中，同时输送器22将物料逐渐向上输送，直至主体10内的物料量满足需求，例如，填满主体10的热量使用部和热量发生部。关闭第二锁气器161，通过第一进气支路41向热量发生部中通入气体。向介质腔15中通入冷却介质。将热量发生部中的物料点燃(该物料即作为燃料使用)，使其开始燃烧，同时风机工作，开始抽气，热量发生部中的热量输送介质在压力作用下沿着第一方向流动，并携带着燃烧产生的热量向下传输。
当热量输送介质进入热量使用部时，热量使用部的温度升高，物料受热分解，并产生热解产物(该热解产物至少包括气体、液体和固体中的一个)。其中，热解产物中的至少部分固体会被输送器22向上输送，而气体和/或液体由于风机抽气的压力作用会随着热量输送介质向下流动，并从集料口131流出，被收集器30收集。
而热解产物中的固体和未热解的物料会随着输送器22的输送逐渐向上运动，并在运动过程中物料逐渐热解，直至进入热量发生部，开始进行燃烧，且在燃烧过程中依然会被输送器22继续向上输送，直至到达顶部的卸灰口，被排出。在此过程中，输送器22可以持续转动，也可以周期性转动。下料口和卸灰口可以根据需要以一定频率打开，两者可以同步开闭或者不同 步开闭。
在上述工作过程中，由于燃料燃烧需要耗氧，而第一进气支路41又设置在主体10的上部，因此会使通过第一进气支路41进入的气体由上到下逐渐运动的过程中，氧气逐渐耗尽，从而使得当气体到热量使用部的时候，氧气量不足以使物料燃烧，而使物料受热分解。
此外，这样会使热量发生部由上到下依次形成第一燃烧段、第二燃烧段和第三燃烧段，第一燃烧段、第二燃烧段和第三燃烧段的氧气浓度逐渐降低，即第一燃烧段进行富氧燃烧，第二燃烧段进行缺氧燃烧，第三燃烧段进行绝氧燃烧。而由于物料和/或热解产生的固体是由下向上输送的，因此，可以保证其在逐渐向上的过程逐渐被充分燃烧，避免资源浪费。
同理，由于热量输送介质由上向下运动，而热解反应需要吸热，因此，使得热量使用部包括由上到下依次设置的高温受热分解段、低温受热分解段和干燥段，高温受热分解段、低温受热分解段和干燥段的热量逐渐减少，这样也可以使物料在输送过程中充分热解。
通过上述过程，不仅可以使物料进行连续热解，不需要停止热解更换物料，提升了工业生产效率，而且可以防止热解出的气体和/或液体出现二次烧损，充分保证了回收率，还可以充分利用有机物热解产生的碳二次燃烧提高了能源利用率。
实施例二
本实施例提供的物料处理设备与实施例一物料处理设备的区别在于，输送器22采用带式输送器22，其他结构均可以采用实施例一中对应的结构，并具有相应的效果，故而不再赘述。下面对带式输送器22的结构进行详细说明：
如图2所示，该带式输送结构包括输送链条241和设置在输送链条241上的料斗242。料斗242中用于盛放物料，随着输送链条241的转动，带动料斗242在主体10内移动，从而使物料和/或热解产生的固体由下至上运动。
料斗242可以设置均在链条的一个侧面上，也可以两个侧面上均设置料斗242。在料斗242的表面设置有供流体流出料斗242的孔，从而使热解出的流体流出。
此种结构的物料处理设备的工作过程与实施例一中的工作过程类型，故在此仅对其进行简述如下：
初始时，输送链条241间歇性转动，使各个料斗242中依次装入物料，随着输送链条241的转动，物料被由下至上输送，直至链条一侧的所有料斗242装满物料。之后点燃热量发生空间中的物料，使其作为燃料燃烧，并产生热量。进而热量被热量输送介质携带向下传输到热量使用部，其中的物料受热分解出热解产物。热解产物中的气体和/或液体向下运动，并从集料口131流出。热解产物中的固体被逐渐向上输送到热量发生部，进行燃烧。
通过上述过程，不仅可以使物料进行连续热解，不需要停止热解更换物料，提升了工业生产效率，而且可以防止热解出的气体和/或液体出现二次烧损，充分保证了回收率，还可以充分利用有机物热解产生的碳二次燃烧提高了能源利用率。
当然，实施本申请实施例的任一技术方案必不一定需要同时达到以上的所有优点。
在本申请的各种实施方式中所使用的表述“第一”、“第二”、“所述第一”或“所述第二”可修饰各种部件而与顺序和/或重要性无关，但是这些表述不限制相应部件。以上表述仅用于将元件与其它元件区分开的目的。例如，第一用户放射治疗设备和第二用户放射治疗设备表示不同的用户放射治疗设备，虽然两者均是用户放射治疗设备。例如，在不背离本公开的范围的前提下，第一元件可称作第二元件，类似地，第二元件可称作第一元件。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。 这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种物料处理设备，其特征在于，包括：
    主体，所述主体中设置有热量发生部和热量使用部，所述热量发生部设置在所述热量使用部上方，所述热量发生部中产生的热量向下传输至所述热量使用部中，使所述热量使用部中的物料受热并至少分解出气体和/或液体，所述热量使用部的下方设置有集料口；
    收集器，所述收集器与所述集料口连接，并至少收集从所述集料口流出的所述气体和/或液体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述物料处理设备还包括输送器，所述输送器设置在所述主体内，并由下至上运送所述物料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述输送器还用于将所述热量使用部分解出的至少部分固体连续地或周期性地输送至所述热量发生部中燃烧以产生热量。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述物料处理设备还包括输送器驱动件，所述输送器驱动件设置在所述主体外，并与所述输送器连接，驱动所述输送器转动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述输送器驱动件设置在所述主体的上端，所述上端为远离所述热量使用部的一端。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述输送器为螺旋输送器，所述螺旋输送器包括：
    安装轴，所述安装轴可转动地设置在所述主体内；
    螺旋输送结构，所述螺旋输送结构设置在所述安装轴上，并随所述安装轴转动，以推动所述物料在所述主体内由下至上运动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述螺旋输送结构包括一体式螺旋叶片；或者，所述螺旋输送结构包括多个叶片，所述多个 叶片沿螺旋线依次固定在所述安装轴上，且相邻两个所述叶片之间具有流通用间隙。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述热量发生部中包括沿第一方向流动到所述热量使用部的热量输送介质，所述第一方向与重力方向具有第一夹角，所述第一夹角的取值范围大于或等于0°，且小于或等于90°。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述第一夹角的取值范围为大于或等于0°，且小于60°。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述物料处理设备还包括风机，所述风机与所述主体连通，用于使所述热量发生部中的热量输送介质沿第一方向流动，以携带所述热量进入所述热量使用部。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述主体包括第一壳体和第二壳体，所述第二壳体设置在所述第一壳体内，所述第二壳体包括所述热量发生部和所述热量使用部，所述第一壳体和第二壳体之间设置有用于容纳冷却介质的介质腔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述物料处理设备还包括进气组件，所述进气组件包括与所述热量发生部连接的第一进气支路，或者，所述进气组件包括与所述热量发生部连接的所述第一进气支路、和连接所述介质腔与所述热量发生部的第二进气支路。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述主体的上部设置有与所述热量发生部连接的卸灰口。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述卸灰口上设置有控制所述卸灰口开度的第一锁气器。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述主体的下部设置有与所述热量使用部连接的下料口。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述下料口上设置有控制所述下料口开度的第二锁气器。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述收集器上设置有供气体排出的排气口和供液体排出的油水出口，所述油水出口位于所述排气口的下方。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的物料处理设备，其特征在于，所述热量发生部用于供燃料燃烧并产生所述热量，所述热量发生部包括由上到下依次设置的第一燃烧段、第二燃烧段和第三燃烧段，所述第一燃烧段、所述第二燃烧段和所述第三燃烧段的氧气浓度逐渐降低；
    或者，
    所述热量使用部包括由上到下依次设置的高温受热分解段、低温受热分解段和干燥段，所述高温受热分解段、所述低温受热分解段和所述干燥段的热量逐渐减少。
PCT/CN2019/098418 2019-07-30 2019-07-30 物料处理设备 WO2021016877A1 (zh)

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