WO2021016810A1 - 一种目镜光学系统及头戴显示器 - Google Patents

一种目镜光学系统及头戴显示器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021016810A1
WO2021016810A1 PCT/CN2019/098202 CN2019098202W WO2021016810A1 WO 2021016810 A1 WO2021016810 A1 WO 2021016810A1 CN 2019098202 W CN2019098202 W CN 2019098202W WO 2021016810 A1 WO2021016810 A1 WO 2021016810A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
optical system
optical
eyepiece
optical surface
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PCT/CN2019/098202
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹鸿鹏
郭建飞
彭华军
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深圳纳德光学有限公司
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Priority to EP19910933.1A priority Critical patent/EP3809184A1/en
Priority to JP2020541940A priority patent/JP7076160B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2019/098202 priority patent/WO2021016810A1/zh
Priority to US16/920,406 priority patent/US11300792B2/en
Publication of WO2021016810A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021016810A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/041—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B25/00—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses
    • G02B25/001—Eyepieces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
    • G02B9/60—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having five components only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an eyepiece optical system and a head-mounted playback device, and more specifically, to an eyepiece optical system and a head-mounted display.
  • wearable computing a new model based on "people-oriented” and “human-machine integration" has become Possibly, applications continue to emerge in military, industrial, medical, education, consumer and other fields.
  • the head-mounted display device is a key component.
  • the head-mounted display device uses optical technology to guide the video image light emitted by the miniature image display (such as transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescence device, DMD device) to the user’s pupil, in the user’s near eye
  • the miniature image display such as transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescence device, DMD device
  • the scope realizes virtual and enlarged images, and provides users with intuitive and visual images, videos, and text information.
  • the eyepiece optical system is the core of the head-mounted display device, which realizes the function of displaying the miniature image in front of the human eyes to form a virtual enlarged image.
  • Head-mounted display devices are developing in the direction of compact size, light weight, convenient head-wearing, and reduced load.
  • large field of view and visual comfort experience have gradually become key factors for measuring the quality of head-mounted display devices.
  • the large field of view determines the visual experience with high presence, and high image quality and low distortion determine the comfort of visual experience. degree.
  • the optical system needs to achieve as much as possible the large field of view, high image resolution, low distortion, small field curvature, small volume and other indicators, while meeting the above optical performance is a great challenge to the system design and aberration optimization. .
  • Patent Document 1 Choinese Patent Publication Number US7978417B2
  • Patent Document 2 Choinese Patent Publication Number CN103988111A
  • Patent Document 3 Choinese Patent Publication Number CN104730706A
  • Patent Document 4 Choinese Patent Publication Number CN103217782A
  • Patent Document 5 Choinese Patent Publication No. CN104685402A
  • Patent Document 6 Choinese Patent Publication No. US8345139B2
  • Patent Document 7 U.S. Patent Publication No. CN101887166B
  • Patent Document 8 U.S. Patent Publication No.
  • CN104603669A respectively provide the use of coaxial positive and negative positive three lens forms.
  • the optical system achieves low distortion ( ⁇ 3%) and high image quality.
  • the effective field of view of the above-mentioned optical system is relatively small, ranging from 16° to 37°, which does not achieve the effect of a large field of view.
  • Patent Document 9 (Chinese Patent Publication No. CN107024766 A) provides an eyepiece system for head-mounted display, which is composed of a positive lens, a negative lens, a positive lens, a positive lens and a negative lens, which can be regarded as positive and negative as a whole.
  • a positive and negative optical system the eyepiece system can achieve the effect of a large field of view (>40°), but the second negative lens of the eyepiece is more efficient due to curvature, which improves the performance ratio of the entire optical system and increases The outer diameter value of the front lens is increased, and the processing difficulty of the entire optical product is increased.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an eyepiece optical system and a head-mounted display to solve the above-mentioned technical problems in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
  • An eyepiece optical system comprising a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens arranged coaxially in the optical axis direction from the human eye observation side to the display device side, and
  • the focal length of the second lens is f 2
  • the focal length of the lens group composed of the third lens and the fourth lens is f 34
  • the focal length of the fifth lens is f 5
  • the display of the optical system is close to the display from the fifth lens
  • the back focal length of the side of is f d
  • the total system length is f w
  • the following relations (1), (2), (3) and (4) are satisfied:
  • the first lens, the third lens, and the fourth lens are all positive lenses
  • the second lens and the fifth lens are negative lenses
  • the first lens, the second lens, and the The third lens, the fourth lens and the fifth lens are made of glass material or plastic material.
  • the materials of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens satisfy the following relational expressions (5), (6) and (7):
  • Nd 1 , Nd 2 , and Nd 3 are the material refractive indexes of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens, respectively.
  • the materials of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens satisfy the following relational expressions (8), (9) and (10):
  • Vd 1 , Vd 2 , and Vd 3 represent the Abbe coefficients of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens, respectively.
  • the first lens has a first optical surface convex to the eye and a second optical surface concave to the eye;
  • the second lens has a third optical surface convex to the eye and a fourth optical surface concave to the eye;
  • the third lens has a fifth optical surface convex to the eye and a sixth optical surface convex to the image surface;
  • the fourth lens has a seventh optical surface convex to the eye and an eighth optical surface convex to the image surface;
  • the fifth lens has a ninth optical surface concave toward the image surface and a tenth optical surface concave toward the eye.
  • the second optical surface on the first lens, the fifth optical surface and the sixth optical surface on the third lens, and the eighth optical surface on the fourth lens are spherical surfaces, and the remaining optical surfaces The surfaces are of even-order aspheric surface type.
  • the radius of curvature of the optical surface of the fifth lens on the side close to the human eye is R 51
  • the radius of curvature of the optical surface on the side close to the display is R 52
  • the radius of curvature of the optical surface of the second lens near the human eye is R 21
  • the radius of curvature of the optical surface near the display is R 22
  • R 21 and R 22 satisfy the following relationship (13):
  • the focal lengths of the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens and the fifth lens further satisfy the following relational expressions (1a), (2a), (3a) and (4a):
  • the refractive indexes Nd 1 , Nd 2 , and Nd 3 of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens further satisfy the following relational expressions (5a), (6a) and (7a):
  • the Abbe coefficients Vd 1 , Vd 2 , and Vd 3 of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens further satisfy the following relational expressions (8a), (9a) and (10a):
  • the radius of curvature R 51 and R 52 of the fifth lens further satisfy the following relationship (12a):
  • the radius of curvature R 21 and R 22 of the second lens further satisfy the following relationship (13a):
  • a head-mounted display includes a micro image display unit and an eyepiece, the eyepiece is located between the human eye and the micro image display unit, and the eyepiece includes the eyepiece optical system described in any one of the above.
  • the distance between the tenth optical surface on the fifth lens and the micro image display unit is adjustable.
  • the head-mounted display is a binocular head-mounted display including two identical eyepiece optical systems.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention uses a combination of five lenses, and the focal length of each lens achieves a substantial elimination of system aberrations under the condition that specific conditions are met, especially at the same time achieves a large field of view, low With optical indicators such as distortion, low chromatic aberration, low field curvature, and low astigmatism, the observer can watch full-frame high-definition, distortion-free, and large-scale images with uniform image quality through the eyepiece optical system of the present invention, achieving high-presence vision Experience.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spot diagram of the eyepiece optical system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the vertical axis chromatic aberration of the eyepiece optical system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of field curvature curve of the eyepiece optical system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a distortion curve of the eyepiece optical system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the transfer function MTF of the eyepiece optical system provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a spot diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a distortion curve of the eyepiece optical system provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the transfer function MTF of the eyepiece optical system provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a point diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a field curvature curve of an eyepiece optical system provided by a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the transfer function MTF of the eyepiece optical system provided by the third embodiment of the present invention:
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a point diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of field curvature curve of the eyepiece optical system provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a distortion curve of an eyepiece optical system provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 19 is a schematic diagram of the transfer function MTF of the eyepiece optical system provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 is a schematic diagram of a point diagram of an eyepiece optical system provided by a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a field curvature curve of an eyepiece optical system provided by a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a distortion curve of an eyepiece optical system provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical system includes a first coaxial arrangement along the optical axis from the human eye to the display device side.
  • the value of f 2 /f w mentioned above can be -4.00, -0.5, -2.0, -2.5, -3.18, -1.57, -0.76, -0.99, -3.75, -3.66, -2.25, -2.74,- 1.83, -1.76, -0.55, -3.55, -0.89, -3.6, -0.85, -2.75, -1.04, -1.22, -2.99, -3.26.
  • the first lens L1, the third lens L3 and the fourth lens L4 are all positive lenses
  • the second lens L2 and the fifth lens L5 are negative lenses
  • the first lens L1, the third lens L3 and the fourth lens L4 are all positive lenses
  • the second lens L2 and the fifth lens L5 are negative lenses
  • the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, the fourth lens L4, and the fifth lens L5 are glass materials or plastic materials.
  • the materials of the first lens L1, the second lens L2, and the third lens L3 satisfy the following relations (5)-(10):
  • Nd 1 , Nd 2 , and Nd 3 are the refractive indices of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens respectively;
  • Vd 1 , Vd 2 , and Vd 3 represent the Abbe of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens, respectively coefficient.
  • Nd 1 above can be 1.40, 1.90, 1.50, 1.45, 1.61, 1.66, 1.57, 1.70, 1.73, 1.82, 1.49, 1.83;
  • Nd 2 can be 1.40, 1.80, 1.44, 1.49, 1.77, 1.55, 1.62, 1.65, 1.68, 1.70, 1.73, 1.50, 1.74;
  • Nd 3 can be 1.60, 1.90, 1.62, 1.69, 1.77, 1.86, 1.88, 1.65, 1.70, 1.73, 1.80, 1.71, 1.82;
  • Vd 1 can be 40, 95, 42, 90, 50.6, 42.9, 89.3, 87, 44.4, 46.8, 57.4, 60, 75.5, 80;
  • Vd 2 can be 20.4, 55, 19, 60, 20, 57.6, 55.4, 49.8, 19.5, 21, 26.2, 28.5, 30.3, 45.5;
  • Vd 3 can be 30, 55.6, 28, 57, 28.3, 29.1, 29.9, 55.8, 56.6, 35, 37.4, 38.1, 40.3, 46.8, 55.
  • the first lens L1 has a first optical surface 1 convex to the eye and a second optical surface 2 concave to the eye;
  • the second lens L2 has a third optical surface 3 convex to the eye and a fourth optical surface 4 concave to the eye;
  • the third lens L3 has a fifth optical surface 5 convex to the eye and a sixth optical surface 6 convex to the image surface;
  • the fourth lens L4 has a seventh optical surface 7 convex to the eye and an eighth optical surface 8 convex to the image surface;
  • the fifth lens L5 has a ninth optical surface 9 concave toward the image surface and a tenth optical surface 10 concave toward the eye.
  • the fourth optical surface 4, the seventh optical surface 7 on the fourth lens L4, the ninth optical surface 9 and the tenth optical surface 10 on the fifth lens L5 are even-order aspherical surfaces, and the surface formula is as follows (11 ):
  • Z is the vector height of the optical surface
  • c is the curvature at the apex of the aspheric surface
  • k is the coefficient of the aspheric surface
  • ⁇ 2, 4, 6... are the coefficients of each order
  • r is the distance coordinate from the point on the curved surface to the optical axis of the lens system.
  • the second optical surface 2 on the first lens L1, the fifth optical surface 5 and the sixth optical surface 6 on the third lens L3, and the eighth optical surface 8 on the fourth lens L4 are spherical.
  • the radius of curvature of the ninth optical surface 9 on the side of the fifth lens L5 close to the human eye is R 51
  • the radius of curvature of the tenth optical surface 10 on the side close to the display is R 52
  • the following relationship is satisfied between R 51 and R 52 :
  • the lower limit of the formula is greater than 0.5, so that the fifth lens L5 can provide sufficient negative refractive power, so as to better balance and correct system aberrations and achieve good optical effects.
  • the upper limit is less than 4.0, which reduces The difficulty of correcting spherical aberration is improved, and it is convenient to realize a large optical aperture.
  • the value of this formula can be 0.5, 4.0, 0.52, 3.5, 3.8, 3.91, 3.66, 3.58, 0.55, 0.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.2, 2.9, 3.15, 2.51, 2.63, 2.93, 1.51, 1.33, 1.71, 1.69 , 0.77, 0.51, 3.39.
  • the radius of curvature of the third surface 3 on the side of the second lens L2 close to the human eye is R 21
  • the radius of curvature of the fourth surface 4 on the side close to the display is R 22
  • the following relationship is satisfied between R 21 and R 22 :
  • the lower limit condition of this formula is greater than 0.8, so that the second lens L2 can provide sufficient negative refractive power, which can better balance and correct system aberrations and achieve good optical effects.
  • the upper limit value condition is less than 6.0, which reduces The difficulty of correcting spherical aberration is improved, and it is convenient to realize a large optical aperture.
  • the value of this formula can be 0.8, 6.0, 1.0, 5.2, 0.9, 5.5, 0.85, 5.3, 0.93, 0.97, 1.47, 1.68, 1.96, 2.31, 2.5, 2.66, 2.79, 3.01, 3.2, 3.48, 3.61, 3.89 , 4.12, 4.41, 4.52, 4.67, 4.81, 4.98, 5.11.
  • the light emitted from the display device sequentially passes through the fifth lens L5, the fourth lens L4, the third lens L3, the second lens L2 and the first lens L1, and finally enters the human eye.
  • the diaphragm can be the exit pupil of the imaging of the optical system, which is a virtual exit aperture. When the through hole of the human eye is at the diaphragm position, the best imaging effect can be observed.
  • the dot pattern provided by the following embodiments reflects the geometric structure of the optical system imaging, ignoring the diffraction effect, and is represented by the diffuse spot formed by the specified field of view and the specified wavelength of light focused on the image plane section, which can include multiple fields of view and multiple Wavelength of light. Therefore, the image quality of the optical system can be intuitively measured by the density and shape and size of the scattered spots of the spot map, and the chromatic aberration of the optical system can be intuitively measured by the degree of misalignment of the scattered spots of different wavelengths in the spot map.
  • the RMS of the spot map ( The smaller the Root Mean Square radius (root mean square radius), the higher the imaging quality of the optical system.
  • the structure diagram of the eyepiece optical system is shown in Figure 1, including the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, and the fourth lens arranged coaxially in the optical axis direction from the human eye side to the display device side.
  • the optical surface on the side close to the diaphragm is labeled 1, and so on, the optical surfaces from the diaphragm to the image plane are labeled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
  • This embodiment can fully correct aberrations such as distortion, chromatic aberration, and curvature of field of the optical system, and ensure that the effect of a large field of view is achieved in a small volume.
  • the diffuse spot radius of each field of view light in the image plane (display device) of this embodiment is small and uniform.
  • the dispersion spot formed by focusing light of different wavelengths in the same field of view has a low degree of misalignment, and the aberration of the optical system is obtained. Good correction, the overall uniform and high optical performance display image can be observed through the eyepiece optical system.
  • the vertical axis chromatic aberration change curve of the optical system is used to specify the field of view and the size of the chromatic aberration to produce the chromatic aberration change size of each field of view in a two-dimensional plane.
  • the field curvature and distortion curves of the optical system of this embodiment characterize the characteristics of the optical system of this embodiment such as a super large field of view and high imaging quality.
  • FIG. 7 The schematic diagram of the structure of the eyepiece optical system is shown in Figure 7, including a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3, and a fourth lens arranged coaxially in the optical axis direction from the human eye observation side to the display device side.
  • the optical surface on the side close to the diaphragm is labeled 1, and so on, the optical surfaces from the diaphragm to the image plane are labeled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
  • This embodiment can fully correct aberrations such as distortion, chromatic aberration, and curvature of field of the optical system, and ensure that the effect of a large field of view is achieved in a small volume.
  • FIG. 8 a schematic diagram of a spot diagram of the optical system of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the diffuse spot radius of each field of view light in the image plane (display device) in this embodiment is small and uniform, and the dispersion spot formed by focusing light of different wavelengths in the same field of view has a low degree of dislocation, and the optical system aberration Good correction is obtained, and the overall uniform and high optical performance display image can be observed through the optical system.
  • the distortion curve of the optical system of this embodiment It characterizes the characteristics of the optical system of this embodiment such as the super-large field of view and high imaging quality.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure of the eyepiece optical system is shown in Fig. 11, including the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, and the fourth lens arranged coaxially in the optical axis direction from the human eye observation side to the display device side.
  • the optical surface on the side close to the diaphragm is labeled 1, and so on, the optical surfaces from the diaphragm to the image plane are labeled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
  • This embodiment can fully correct aberrations such as distortion, chromatic aberration, and curvature of field of the optical system, and ensure that the effect of a large field of view is achieved in a small volume.
  • the diffuse spot radius of each field of view light in the image plane (display device) of this embodiment is small and uniform, and the dispersion spot formed by focusing light of different wavelengths in the same field of view has a low degree of dislocation.
  • the system aberration is well corrected, and the overall uniform and high optical performance display image can be observed through the optical system.
  • the structure diagram of the eyepiece optical system is shown in Fig. 15, including the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, and the fourth lens arranged coaxially in the optical axis direction from the human eye observation side to the display device side.
  • the optical surface on the side close to the diaphragm is labeled 1, and so on, the optical surfaces from the diaphragm to the image plane are labeled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
  • This embodiment can fully correct aberrations such as distortion, chromatic aberration, and curvature of field of the optical system, and ensure that the effect of a large field of view is achieved in a small volume.
  • the drawings reflect the geometrical structure of the optical system imaging.
  • the optical transfer function MTF and the spot diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention it can be seen that the rays of each field of view of this embodiment are in the image plane ( The dispersion spot radius of the display device I) is small and uniform.
  • the dispersion spot formed by focusing light of different wavelengths in the same field of view has a low degree of misalignment.
  • the aberration of the optical system is well corrected.
  • the overall uniformity and high optical performance can be observed through the optical system.
  • An image is shown, in which Fig. 18 is a field curvature and distortion curve of the optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It characterizes the characteristics of the optical system of this embodiment such as the super-large field of view and high imaging quality.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure of the eyepiece optical system is shown in Fig. 20, including the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the third lens L3, and the fourth lens arranged coaxially in the optical axis direction from the human eye observation side to the display device side.
  • the optical surface on the side close to the diaphragm is labeled 1, and so on, the optical surfaces from the diaphragm to the image plane are labeled 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
  • This embodiment can fully correct aberrations such as distortion, chromatic aberration, and curvature of field of the optical system, and ensure that the effect of a large field of view is achieved in a small volume.
  • the imaging of each field of view light in the image plane (display device) of this embodiment reaches more than 90% at a frequency of 5lp.
  • the imaging quality of light of different wavelengths in each field of view Good, the overall aberration of the optical system is well corrected, and the overall uniform and high optical performance display image can be observed through the optical system.
  • a head-mounted display includes a miniature image display unit and an eyepiece.
  • the eyepiece is located between the human eye and the miniature image display unit.
  • the eyepiece includes any one of the above-mentioned eyepiece optical systems.
  • the distance between the tenth optical surface 10 on the fifth lens L5 and the micro image display unit is adjustable.
  • the head-mounted display is a binocular head-mounted display that includes two identical eyepiece optical systems.
  • the two optical systems correspond to the left and right eyes of the observer.
  • the observer can obtain a large field of view, low distortion, and Head-mounted display with low chromatic aberration, low curvature of field, and low astigmatism.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种目镜光学系统及头戴显示器，光学系统包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，其中第二透镜的焦距为f2，第三透镜和第四透镜组成的透镜组合的焦距为f34，第五透镜的焦距为f5，光学系统的显示器距离第五透镜靠近显示器的一面的距离为fd，系统总长度为fw，在满足特定关系的情况下，本发明在降低成本和重量的基准上，实现系统像差的大幅消除，同时实现高质量的光学指标，观察者可以通过本发明，观看到全画幅高清、无失真、像质均匀的大幅画面，达到高临场感的视觉体验，适用于头戴显示器及其类似装置。

Description

一种目镜光学系统及头戴显示器 技术领域
本发明涉及目镜光学系统及头戴播放装置，更具体地说，涉及一种目镜光学系统及头戴显示器。
背景技术
随着电子器件不断向超微型化发展，以及新的计算机、微电子、光电器件和通信理论和技术的发展，可穿戴计算这种基于“以人为本”、“人机合一”的新型模式已经成为可能，在军事、工业、医疗、教育、消费等领域不断涌现应用。在一个典型的可穿戴计算系统架构中，头戴式显示装置是关键的组成部分。头戴显示装置通过光学技术，将微型图像显示器(例如透射式或反射式液晶显示屏，有机电致发光器件，DMD器件)发出的视频图像光引导到使用者的瞳孔，在使用者的近目范围实现虚拟、放大图像，为使用者提供直观、可视的图像、视频、文字信息。目镜光学系统是头戴显示装置的核心，实现将微型图像显示在人眼前形成虚拟放大图像的功能。
头戴显示装置向着体积紧凑，重量轻，便于头戴，减轻负载等方向发展。同时，大视场角和视觉舒适体验也逐渐成为衡量头戴显示装置优劣的关键因素，大视场角决定了高临场感的视觉体验效果，高像质、低畸变决定了视觉体验的舒适度。满足这些要求，需要光学系统尽可能地实现大视场角、高图像分辨力、低畸变、小场曲、小体积等指标，同时满足上述光学性能对系统的设计和像差优化是很大挑战。
分别具有正焦距、负焦距、正焦距、正焦距和负焦距五片工轴透镜组合构成常见的光学系统。专利文献1(中国专利公开号US7978417B2)、专利文献2(中国专利公开号CN103988111A)、专利文献3(中国专利公开号CN104730706A)、专利文献4(中国专利公开号CN103217782A)、专利文献5(中国专利公开号CN104685402A)、专利文献6(中国专利公开号US8345139B2)、专利文献7(美国专利公开号CN101887166B)、专利文献8(美国专利公开号CN104603669A)分别提供采用共轴正负正三片透镜形态构成的光学系统，实现了低畸变(<3％)、高像质的效果。但上述光学系统的有效视场角较小，分别从16°-37°，没有实现大视场角效果。
专利文献9(中国专利公开号CN 107024766 A)提供了一种用于头戴显示的目镜系统，由正透镜、负透镜、正透镜、正透镜和负透镜构成，整体上可看作正负正正负的光学系统，该目镜系统能够实现大视场角的效果(>40°)，但该目镜的第二负透镜由于曲率的原因更为效率的提高了整个光学系统的性能比，增大了前部透镜的外径值，增加整个光学产品的加工难易程度。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种目镜光学系统及头戴显示器，解决了上述的技术问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种目镜光学系统，所述光学系统包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，其中第二透镜的焦距为f 2，第三透镜和第四透镜组成的透镜组的焦距为f 34，第五透镜的焦距为f 5，所述光学系统的显示器距离第五透镜靠近所述显示器的一 面的距离后焦距为f d，系统总长度为f w，且满足下列关系式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)：
-4.00≤f 2/f w≤-0.50      (1)；
0.35≤f 34/f w              (2)；
-10.00≤f 5/f w≤0.20      (3)；
0.10≤f d/f w≤0.50        (4)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一透镜、第三透镜和第四透镜均为正透镜，第二透镜和第五透镜为负透镜，所述第一透镜、所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第五透镜为玻璃材料或者塑料材料。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的材料满足以下关系式(5)、(6)和(7)：
1.40＜Nd 1＜1.90     (5)；
1.40＜Nd 2＜1.80     (6)；
1.60＜Nd 3＜1.90     (7)；
其中，Nd 1、Nd 2、Nd 3分别是第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的材料折射率。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的材料满足以下关系式(8)、(9)和(10)：
40.0＜Vd 1＜95.0     (8)；
19.0＜Vd 2＜60.0     (9)；
28.0＜Vd 3＜57.0    (10)；
其中，Vd 1、Vd 2、Vd 3分别表示第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜的阿贝系数。
作为本发明的进一步方案：
所述第一透镜具有凸向眼睛的第一光学面和凹向眼睛的第二光学面；
所述第二透镜具有凸向眼睛的第三光学面和凹向眼睛的第四光学面；
所述第三透镜具有凸向眼睛的第五光学面和凸向像面的第六光学面；
所述第四透镜具有凸向眼睛的第七光学面和凸向像面的第八光学面；
所述第五透镜具有凹向像面的第九光学面和凹向眼睛的第十光学面。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一光学面到第十光学面共十个光学面中，有若干个光学面的面型为偶次非球面面型，其面型公式如下列表达式(11)；
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000001
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一透镜上的第二光学面、第三透镜上的第五光学面和第六光学面、第四透镜上的第八光学面为球面面型，其余光学面均为偶次非球面面型。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第五透镜靠近人眼一侧的光学面的曲率半径为R 51，靠近显示器一侧的光学面的曲率半径为R 52，R 51和R 52之间满足以下关系式(12)：
0.5≤|(R 51+R 52)/(R 51-R 52)|≤4.0      (12)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第二透镜靠近人眼一侧光学面的曲率半径为R 21，靠近显示器一侧光学面的曲率半径为R 22，R 21和R 22之间满足以下关系式(13)：
0.8≤(R 21+R 22)/(R 21-R 22)≤6.0      (13)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜的焦距进一步满足以下关系式(1a)、(2a)、(3a)和(4a)：
-3.60≤f 2/f w≤-0.85      (1a)；
0.40≤f 34/f w              (2a)；
-9.95≤f 5/f w≤0.180       (3a)；
0.175≤f d/f w≤0.415       (4a)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的折射率Nd 1、Nd 2、Nd 3进一步满足下列关系式(5a)、(6a)和(7a)：
1.50＜Nd 1＜1.85     (5a)；
1.45＜Nd 2＜1.75     (6a)；
1.63＜Nd 3＜1.87     (7a)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的阿贝系数Vd 1、Vd 2、Vd 3进一步满足下列关系式(8a)、(9a)和(10a)：
41.5＜Vd 1＜90.5     (8a)；
20.0＜Vd 2＜56.0     (9a)；
29.0＜Vd 3＜56.0    (10a)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第五透镜的曲率半径R 51和R 52之间进一步满足以下关系式(12a)：
0.51≤|(R 51+R 52)/(R 51-R 52)|≤3.5      (12a)。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第二透镜的曲率半径R 21和R 22之间进一步满足以下关系式(13a)：
0.9≤(R 21+R 22)/(R 21-R 22)≤5.5       (13a)。
一种头戴显示器，包括微型图像显示单元和目镜，所述目镜位于人眼与所述微型图像显示单元之间，所述目镜包括上述中任一项所述的目镜光学系统。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述第五透镜上的第十光学面与所述微型图像显示单元之间距离可调。
作为本发明的进一步方案：所述头戴显示器是包含两个相同的上述目镜光学系统的双目头戴显示器。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明由于采用了五片透镜的组合，并且各透镜的焦距在满足特定的条件的情况下实现系统像差的大幅消除，特别是同时实现了大视场角、低畸变、低色差、低场曲、低像散等光学指标，观察者可以通过本发明所述目镜光学系统，观看到全画幅高清、无失真、像质均匀的大幅画面，达到高临场感的视觉体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的部分实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图：
图1是本发明第一个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的结构示意图；
图2是本发明第一个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的点列图示意图；
图3是本发明第一个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的垂轴色差示意图；
图4是本发明第一个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的场曲曲线示意图；
图5是本发明第一个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的畸变曲线示意图；
图6是本发明第一个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的传递函数MTF示意图；
图7是本发明第二个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的结构示意图；
图8是本发明第二个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的点列图示意图；
图9是本发明第二个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的畸变曲线示意图；
图10是本发明第二个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的传递函数MTF示意图；
图11是本发明第三个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的结构示意图；
图12是本发明第三个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的点列图示意图；
图13是本发明第三个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的场曲曲线示意图；
图14是本发明第三个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的传递函数MTF示意图：
图15是本发明第四个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的结构示意图；
图16是本发明第四个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的点列图示意图；
图17是本发明第四个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的场曲曲线示意图；
图18是本发明第四个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的畸变曲线示意图；
图19是本发明第四个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的传递函数MTF示意图；
图20是本发明第五个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的结构示意图；
图21是本发明第五个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的点列图示意图；
图22是本发明第五个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的场曲曲线示意图；
图23是本发明第五个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的畸变曲线示意图；
图24是本发明第五个实施例提供的目镜光学系统的传递函数MTF示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的技术方案及附图进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，同时参阅图7、图11、图15和图20，一种目镜光学系统，光学系统包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一 透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5，其中第二透镜L2的焦距为f 2，第三透镜L3和第四透镜L4组成的透镜组合的焦距为f 34，第五透镜L5的焦距为f 5，光学系统的显示器距离第五透镜L5靠近显示器的光学面的距离为f d，系统总长度为f w，且满足下列关系式(1)-(4)：
-4.00≤f 2/f w≤-0.50      (1)；
0.35≤f 34/f w               (2)；
-10.00≤f 5/f w≤0.20      (3)；
0.10≤f d/f w≤0.50        (4)；
其中，上述f 2/f w的取值可以是-4.00、-0.5、-2.0、-2.5、-3.18、-1.57、-0.76、-0.99、-3.75、-3.66、-2.25、-2.74、-1.83、-1.76、-0.55、-3.55、-0.89、-3.6、-0.85、-2.75、-1.04、-1.22、-2.99、-3.26。
第一透镜L1、第三透镜L3和第四透镜L4均为正透镜，第二透镜L2和第五透镜L5为负透镜，第一透镜L1、第三透镜L3和第四透镜L4均为正透镜，第二透镜L2和第五透镜L5为负透镜，第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5为玻璃材料或者塑料材料。
第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2和第三透镜L3的材料满足以下关系式(5)-(10)：
1.40＜Nd 1＜1.90     (5)；
1.40＜Nd 2＜1.80     (6)；
1.60＜Nd 3＜1.90     (7)；
40.0＜Vd 1＜95.0     (8)；
19.0＜Vd 2＜60.0     (9)；
28.0＜Vd 3＜57.0    (10)；
Nd 1、Nd 2、Nd 3分别是第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的材料折射率；Vd 1、 Vd 2、Vd 3分别表示第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜的阿贝系数。
其中，上述Nd 1取值可以是1.40、1.90、1.50、1.45、1.61、1.66、1.57、1.70、1.73、1.82、1.49、1.83；
Nd 2取值可以是1.40、1.80、1.44、1.49、1.77、1.55、1.62、1.65、1.68、1.70、1.73、1.50、1.74；
Nd 3取值可以是1.60、1.90、1.62、1.69、1.77、1.86、1.88、1.65、1.70、1.73、1.80、1.71、1.82；
Vd 1取值可以是40、95、42、90、50.6、42.9、89.3、87、44.4、46.8、57.4、60、75.5、80；
Vd 2取值可以是20.4、55、19、60、20、57.6、55.4、49.8、19.5、21、26.2、28.5、30.3、45.5；
Vd 3取值可以是30、55.6、28、57、28.3、29.1、29.9、55.8、56.6、35、37.4、38.1、40.3、46.8、55。
第一透镜L1具有凸向眼睛的第一光学面1和凹向眼睛的第二光学面2；
第二透镜L2具有凸向眼睛的第三光学面3和凹向眼睛的第四光学面4；
第三透镜L3具有凸向眼睛的第五光学面5和凸向像面的第六光学面6；
第四透镜L4具有凸向眼睛的第七光学面7和凸向像面的第八光学面8；
第五透镜L5具有凹向像面的第九光学面9和凹向眼睛的第十光学面10。
本发明的五片透镜共十个光学面中，有若干个光学面为非球面型，优选地，第一透镜L1上的第一光学面1、第二透镜L2上的第三光学面3和第四光学面4、第四透镜L4上的第七光学面7、第五透镜L5上的第九光学面9和第十光学面10为偶次非球面面型，其面型公式如下(11)：
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000002
其中，Z为光学面的矢高，c为非球面顶点处曲率，k为非球面系数,α2,4,6…为各阶系数，r为曲面上点到透镜系统光轴的距离坐标。
第一透镜L1上的第二光学面2、第三透镜L3上的第五光学面5和第六光学面6、第四透镜L4上的第八光学面8为球面面型。
第五镜片L5靠近人眼一侧的第九光学面9的曲率半径为R 51，靠近显示器一侧的第十光学面10的曲率半径为R 52，R 51和R 52之间满足以下关系式：
0.5≤|(R 51+R 52)/(R 51-R 52)|≤4.0      (12)
该式的下限取值条件大于0.5，使第五透镜L5能够提供足够的负光焦度，从而可以更好地平衡校正系统像差，实现良好的光学效果，其上限取值条件小于4.0，降低了球差的校正难度，便于实现大光学孔径。该式的取值可以是0.5、4.0、0.52、3.5、3.8、3.91、3.66、3.58、0.55、0.8、1.2、1.8、2.2、2.9、3.15、2.51、2.63、2.93、1.51、1.33、1.71、1.69、0.77、0.51、3.39。
第二透镜L2靠近人眼一侧的第三表面3的曲率半径为R 21，靠近显示器一侧第四表面4的曲率半径为R 22，R 21和R 22之间满足以下关系式：
0.8≤(R 21+R 22)/(R 21-R 22)≤6.0       (13)；
该式的下限值条件大于0.8，使第二透镜L2能够提供足够的负光焦度，从而可以更好地平衡校正系统像差，实现良好的光学效果，其上限取值条件小于6.0，降低了球差的校正难度，便于实现大光学孔径。该式的取值可以是0.8、6.0、1.0、5.2、0.9、5.5、0.85、5.3、0.93、0.97、1.47、1.68、1.96、2.31、2.5、2.66、2.79、3.01、3.2、3.48、3.61、3.89、4.12、4.41、4.52、4.67、4.81、4.98、5.11。
下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式，对本发明进一步说明。在下述各实施 例的光路图中，从显示器件发出的光，依次经过第五透镜L5、第四透镜L4、第三透镜L3、第二透镜L2和第一透镜L1，最后进入人眼。光阑可以为本光学系统的成像的出瞳，为一个虚拟的出光孔径，人眼的通孔在光阑位置时，可以观察到最佳的成像效果。
以下各实施例所提供的点列图反映光学系统成像的几何结构，忽略衍射效应，以指定视场、指定波长光线聚焦像平面截面形成的弥散斑表示，可同时包含多个视场和多种波长的光线。因此，可以通过点列图弥散斑的密集程度、形状尺寸直观地衡量光学系统成像质量的优劣，通过点列图不同波长弥散斑的错位程度直观衡量光学系统的色差，点列图的RMS(Root Mean Square)半径(均方根半径)越小，光学系统的成像质量越高。
实施例一
目镜光学系统的结构示意图如图1所示，包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5。以靠近光阑一侧的光学面标号为1，以此类推，从光阑到像面方向的光学面依次标号为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。本实施例能充分地矫正光学系统的畸变、色差和场曲等像差，并保证在小体积的情况下，达到大视场角的效果。
表1 实施例一光学系统参数列表
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000004
如图2所示，本实施例各个视场光线在像平面(显示器件)的弥散斑半径小而均匀，不同波长光线在同个视场聚焦形成的弥散斑错位程度低，光学系统像差得到良好校正，通过目镜光学系统可观察到整体均匀、高光学性能的显示画像。
如图3所示，光学系统的垂轴色差的变化曲线，以指定视场、指定色差的大小，以二维平面方式产线出各视场的色差变化大小。
如图4-6所示，本实施例的光学系统的场曲和畸变曲线，其表征出本实施例的光学系统超大视场及高成像质量等特征。
实施例二
目镜光学系统的结构示意图如图7所示，包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5。以靠近光阑一侧的光学面标号为1，以此类推，从光阑到像面方向的光学面依次标号为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。本实施例能充分地矫正光学系统的畸变、色差和场曲等像差，并保证在小体积的情况下，达到大视场角的效果。
表2 实施例二光学系统参数列表
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000006
如图8所示，本实施例的光学系统的点列图示意图。从图中可以看出，本实施例各个视场光线在像平面(显示器件)的弥散斑半径小而均匀，不同波长光线在同个视场聚焦形成的弥散斑错位程度低，光学系统像差得到良好校正，通过光学系统可观察到整体均匀、高光学性能的显示画像。
同时参阅图9-图10，本实施例的光学系统的畸变曲线。其表征出本实施例的光学系统超大视场及高成像质量等特征。
实施例三
目镜光学系统的结构示意图如图11所示，包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5。以靠近光阑一侧的光学面标号为1，以此类推，从光阑到像面方向的光学面依次标号为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。本实施例能充分地矫正光学系统的畸变、色差和场曲等像差，并保证在小体积的情况下，达到大视场角的效果。
表3 实施例三光学系统参数列表
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000008
如图11-图14所示，本实施例的各个视场光线在像平面(显示器件)的弥散斑半径小而均匀，不同波长光线在同个视场聚焦形成的弥散斑错位程度低，光学系统像差得到良好校正，通过光学系统可观察到整体均匀、高光学性能的显示画像。
实施例四
目镜光学系统的结构示意图如图15所示，包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5。以靠近光阑一侧的光学面标号为1，以此类推，从光阑到像面方向的光学面依次标号为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。本实施例能充分地矫正光学系统的畸变、色差和场曲等像差，并保证在小体积的情况下，达到大视场角的效果。
表4 实施例四光学系统参数列表
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000009
如图16-图19所示，附图反映光学系统成像的几何结构，根据本发明第 四实施例的光学传递函数MTF和点列图可以看出，本实施例各个视场光线在像平面(显示器件I)的弥散斑半径小而均匀，不同波长光线在同个视场聚焦形成的弥散斑错位程度低，光学系统像差得到良好校正，通过光学系统可观察到整体均匀、高光学性能的显示画像，其中，图18根据本发明第1实施例的光学系统的场曲和畸变曲线。其表征出本实施例的光学系统超大视场及高成像质量等特征。
实施例五
目镜光学系统的结构示意图如图20所示，包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜L1、第二透镜L2、第三透镜L3、第四透镜L4和第五透镜L5。以靠近光阑一侧的光学面标号为1，以此类推，从光阑到像面方向的光学面依次标号为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。本实施例能充分地矫正光学系统的畸变、色差和场曲等像差，并保证在小体积的情况下，达到大视场角的效果。
表5 实施例五光学系统参数列表
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000010
如图21-图24所示，本实施例各个视场光线在像平面(显示器件)的成像 在频率为5lp的位置达到了百分之九十以上，不同波长光线在各个视场的成像质量良好，光学系统的整体像差得到良好的校正，通过光学系统可观察到整体均匀、高光学性能的显示画像。
以上五项实施例的有效焦距均为16.9mm，视场角2ω＝44°，且上述的实施例各项数据均满足说明书中所记录的参数要求，如表6所示：
表6 实施例一到五光学系统参数值
Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-000011
下面对本发明的一种头戴显示器做进一步说明:
一种头戴显示器，包括微型图像显示单元和目镜，目镜位于人眼与微型图像显示单元之间，目镜包括上述中任一项的目镜光学系统。
优选地，第五透镜L5上的第十光学面10与微型图像显示单元之间距离可调。
优选地，头戴显示器是包含两个相同的上述目镜光学系统的双目头戴显示器，两个光学系统分别对应观察者的左右眼，观察者能通过光学系统获得大视场角、低畸变、低色差、低场曲、低像散等性能的头戴显示效果。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统包括从人眼观察侧到显示器件一侧沿光轴方向共轴依次排列的第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜，其中第二透镜的焦距为f 2，第三透镜和第四透镜组成的透镜组的焦距为f 34，第五透镜的焦距为f 5，所述光学系统的显示器距离第五透镜靠近所述显示器的一面的距离后焦距为f d，系统总长度为f w，且满足下列关系式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)：
    -4.00≤f 2/f w≤-0.50      (1)；
    0.35≤f 34/f w             (2)；
    -10.00≤f 5/f w≤0.20      (3)；
    0.10≤f d/f w≤0.50        (4)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、第三透镜和第四透镜均为正透镜，第二透镜和第五透镜为负透镜，所述第一透镜、所述第二透镜、所述第三透镜、所述第四透镜和所述第五透镜为玻璃材料或者塑料材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的材料满足以下关系式(5)、(6)和(7)：
    1.40＜Nd 1＜1.90     (5)；
    1.40＜Nd 2＜1.80     (6)；
    1.60＜Nd 3＜1.90     (7)；
    其中，Nd 1、Nd 2、Nd 3分别是第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的材料折射率。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、第 二透镜和第三透镜的材料满足以下关系式(8)、(9)和(10)：
    40.0＜Vd 1＜95.0     (8)；
    19.0＜Vd 2＜60.0     (9)；
    28.0＜Vd 3＜57.0     (10)；
    其中，Vd 1、Vd 2、Vd 3分别表示第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜的阿贝系数。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一透镜具有凸向眼睛的第一光学面和凹向眼睛的第二光学面；
    所述第二透镜具有凸向眼睛的第三光学面和凹向眼睛的第四光学面；
    所述第三透镜具有凸向眼睛的第五光学面和凸向像面的第六光学面；
    所述第四透镜具有凸向眼睛的第七光学面和凸向像面的第八光学面；
    所述第五透镜具有凹向像面的第九光学面和凹向眼睛的第十光学面。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一光学面到第十光学面共十个光学面中，有若干个光学面的面型为偶次非球面面型，其面型公式如下列表达式(11)；
    Figure PCTCN2019098202-appb-100001
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜上的第二光学面、第三透镜上的第五光学面和第六光学面、第四透镜上的第八光学面为球面面型，其余光学面均为偶次非球面面型。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第五透镜靠近人眼一侧的光学面的曲率半径为R 51，靠近显示器一侧的光学面的曲率半径为R 52，R 51和R 52之间满足以下关系式(12)：
    0.5≤|(R 51+R 52)/(R 51-R 52)|≤4.0     (12)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第二透镜靠近人眼一侧光学面的曲率半径为R 21，靠近显示器一侧光学面的曲率半径为R 22，R 21和R 22之间满足以下关系式(13)：
    0.8≤(R 21+R 22)/(R 21-R 22)≤6.0       (13)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜的焦距进一步满足以下关系式(1a)、(2a)、(3a)和(4a)：
    -3.60≤f 2/f w≤-0.85       (1a)；
    0.40≤f 34/f w              (2a)；
    -9.95≤f 5/f w≤0.180       (3a)；
    0.175≤f d/f w≤0.415       (4a)。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的折射率Nd 1、Nd 2、Nd 3进一步满足下列关系式(5a)、(6a)和(7a)：
    1.50＜Nd 1＜1.85     (5a)；
    1.45＜Nd 2＜1.75     (6a)；
    1.63＜Nd 3＜1.87     (7a)。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜的阿贝系数Vd 1、Vd 2、Vd 3进一步满足下列关系式(8a)、(9a)和(10a)：
    41.5＜Vd 1＜90.5     (8a)；
    20.0＜Vd 2＜56.0     (9a)；
    29.0＜Vd 3＜56.0     (10a)。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第五透镜的曲率半径R 51和R 52之间进一步满足以下关系式(12a)：
    0.51≤|(R 51+R 52)/(R 51-R 52)|≤3.5     (12a)。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的目镜光学系统，其特征在于，所述第二透镜的曲率半径R 21和R 22之间进一步满足以下关系式(13a)：
    0.9≤(R 21+R 22)/(R 21-R 22)≤5.5      (13a)。
  15. 一种头戴显示器，包括微型图像显示单元和目镜，所述目镜位于人眼与所述微型图像显示单元之间，其特征在于，所述目镜为权利要求包括1-13中任一项所述的目镜光学系统。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的头戴显示器，其特征在于，所述第五透镜上的第十光学面与所述微型图像显示单元之间距离可调。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的头戴显示器，其特征在于，所述头戴显示器是包含两个相同的上述目镜光学系统的双目头戴显示器。
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