WO2021003772A1 - 全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法 - Google Patents

全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021003772A1
WO2021003772A1 PCT/CN2019/097066 CN2019097066W WO2021003772A1 WO 2021003772 A1 WO2021003772 A1 WO 2021003772A1 CN 2019097066 W CN2019097066 W CN 2019097066W WO 2021003772 A1 WO2021003772 A1 WO 2021003772A1
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Prior art keywords
mining
lane
coal
face
working face
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PCT/CN2019/097066
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何满潮
高玉兵
付强
王亚军
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北京中矿创新联盟能源环境科学研究院
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Application filed by 北京中矿创新联盟能源环境科学研究院 filed Critical 北京中矿创新联盟能源环境科学研究院
Priority to US17/597,481 priority Critical patent/US11578598B2/en
Priority to EP19936877.0A priority patent/EP3998394B1/en
Priority to AU2019456486A priority patent/AU2019456486B2/en
Publication of WO2021003772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021003772A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings

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  • the invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a coal mining method without coal pillars and no roadway in the whole mining area.
  • the existing development layout method of coal mining requires that at least three major roads be excavated when mining a coal seam to serve the entire mining area. Then, at least 3 roadways are dug into the mining area from the opening up road to serve each mining area.
  • Each working face in the mining area should excavate two roadways in advance as the working face transportation roadway and the working face return air roadway to serve the working face.
  • each coal mine needs to arrange multiple tunneling faces, employing a large number of people, a large amount of tunneling, a long tunneling time, high tunneling costs, and tight coal mining and tunneling alternately.
  • Each working face in the mining area shall excavate two roadways in advance as the working face transportation roadway and the working face return air roadway to serve each working face.
  • the huge amount of excavation work has led to excessive preparation time for coal production, increased the cost of coal production, wasted a lot of time and money, and frequent safety accidents during the tunnel excavation process.
  • coal mining in the prior art requires a large amount of excavation, a long excavation time, high excavation costs, and leaving coal pillars causes a great waste of coal resources.
  • a coal mining method without coal pillars and no roadway is provided in the whole mining area to solve the problem that the coal mining in the prior art requires a large amount of excavation, long excavation time, high excavation costs, and high costs of leaving coal pillars. Large waste of coal resources.
  • the present invention provides a coal mining method, including the following steps:
  • the coal mining machine is used to cut the coal wall in the first direction for mining, and the first mining face with the first direction as the traveling direction is formed;
  • the shearer When the shearer cuts the coal wall at the first mining face, it simultaneously cuts the first transportation lane and the first air return lane, and retains the first transportation lane and the first air return lane, so The first transportation lane and the first air return lane are respectively located on both sides of the first mining face, the first transportation lane is simultaneously connected with the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft, and the first air return lane The lane is connected with the return air shaft;
  • the first mining face reserved roadway is reserved at the end of the first mining face, and the first mining face reserved roadway is respectively connected with the first transportation lane and the first transportation lane.
  • the first transportation lane or the first air return lane of the first mining face is used as the cut hole of the second working face to keep away from the first transportation lane or the first air return lane. Mining at the second working face in the second direction;
  • the shearer When the shearer cuts the coal wall at the second working face, it simultaneously cuts the second transportation lane and the second air return lane, and retains the second transportation lane and the second air return lane,
  • the second transportation lane and the second air return lane are respectively located on both sides of the second working face, the second transportation lane is connected to the first transportation lane, and the second air return lane is The back air shaft is connected.
  • the number of the second working face is multiple, and a plurality of the second working faces are mined in sequence, starting from the second mining of the second working face, the second working face of the previous second working face
  • the air return lane is located on the side close to the next second working face, and the second air return lane of the previous second working face serves as the second transportation lane of the next second working face.
  • the second working face starts mining from the first mining face on the side of the first transportation lane.
  • the second working face starts mining from the first mining face on the side of the first return airway.
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • a working face reserved roadway is reserved at the end of the second working face, and the working face reserved roadway is respectively the same as the second transportation lane It is connected to the second air return lane.
  • first transportation lane and the first air return lane are formed by a roof-cutting and pressure-relief self-forming technique.
  • the second transportation lane and the second air return lane are formed by a roof-cutting and pressure-relief self-forming technique.
  • the return air shaft and the main shaft are the same shaft.
  • the return air shaft and the auxiliary shaft are the same wellbore.
  • no roadway is excavated in the entire mining area, which can eliminate excavation, reduce the preparation time for coal production, and advance the coal mining time. At the same time, it reduces the cost of coal production, reduces the number of personnel required for tunneling, avoids safety accidents during the tunneling process, and saves a lot of time and money for the entire mine production.
  • No coal pillars are left in the entire mining area, which can increase the mine's recovery rate, save coal resources, increase the service life of the mine, and avoid large deformations and rock bursts caused by the stress concentration above the coal pillars.
  • Coal (rock) bursts, coal and gas outbursts and other geological disasters have made great contributions to the country's coal resources conservation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first mining face in the mining operation of the mining method of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second working face in the mining operation of the coal mining method of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second mining face of the second working face in the mining operation of the coal mining method of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution arrangement of the second working face of the coal mining operation in the mining area of the coal mining method of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first mining face in the mining operation of the coal mining method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a coal mining method without coal pillars and no roadway in the whole mining area includes the following steps:
  • the coal wall is cut by a shearer in a first direction for excavation, and the first mining face 4 with the first direction as the traveling direction is formed;
  • the shearer When the shearer cuts the coal wall at the first mining face 4, it simultaneously cuts the first transportation lane 5 and the first return air lane 6, and connects the first transportation lane 5 and the first return air Lane 6 is reserved.
  • the first transportation lane 5 and the first return air lane 6 are respectively located on both sides of the first mining face 4, and the first transportation lane 5 is connected to the main shaft 1 and the auxiliary shaft at the same time.
  • the well 2 is connected, and the first air return lane 6 is connected to the air return shaft 3;
  • the first mining face 4 reserved roadway 7 is reserved at the end of the first mining face 4.
  • a transportation lane 5 is connected to the first air return lane 6;
  • the first transportation lane 5 or the first air return lane 6 of the first coal mining face is used as the cut hole of the second working face 9 to keep away from the first transportation lane 5 or Mining at the second working face 9 in the second direction of a return air lane 6;
  • the shearer When the shearer cuts the coal wall at the second working face 9, it simultaneously cuts the second transportation lane 10 and the second air return lane 11, and connects the second transportation lane 10 and the second return lane
  • the air lane 11 is reserved, the second transportation lane 10 and the second return air lane 11 are respectively located on both sides of the second working face 9, and the second transportation lane 10 is connected to the first transportation lane 5 ,
  • the second air return lane 11 communicates with the return air shaft 3.
  • the coal mining method provided by the present invention with no pillars left and no roadway tunneling in the whole mining area can extend the entire coal seam according to the distribution mode of the first mining face and the second working face, so compared with the prior art, it has a large number of stable rock formations.
  • a large amount of excavation work is saved. All excavation is effectively carried out in the coal seam, and the reserved transportation lane and return air lane can be used directly, which effectively reduces the cost of roadway excavation.
  • the transportation lane and the return air lane are formed in the coal seam.
  • the transportation lane and the return air lane can be formed by cutting the roof to relieve the pressure, and the technology is very mature, so there is no need to leave a large amount of coal pillars, which solves the existing technology The problem of massive waste of coal resources caused by coal mining in China.
  • a working face reserved roadway 13 is reserved at the end of the second working face 9.
  • the working face reserved roadway 13 refers to the second working face 9 The end is left along the goaf, and the working face reserved roadway 13 is connected to the second transportation lane 10 and the second air return lane 11 respectively.
  • first transportation lane 5 and the first air return lane 6 are formed by a roof-cutting and pressure-relief self-forming technique.
  • the second transportation lane 10 and the second air return lane 11 are formed by the self-forming technique of roof cutting and pressure relief.
  • the number of the second working face 9 is multiple, and a plurality of the second working face are mined in sequence, starting from the second working face, the second return air of the previous second working face
  • the lane is located on the side close to the next second working face, and the second air return lane of the previous second working face serves as the second transportation lane of the next second working face.
  • a plurality of second working faces are sequentially arranged, and the second working faces are mined sequentially from right to left from the direction shown in Fig. 2.
  • the unused transportation lanes are left on the previous working face, and they are collected and discarded as shown in Figure 3.
  • the second working face 9 starts mining from the first mining face 4 on the side of the first transportation lane 5, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the second working face 9 starts mining from the first mining face 4 on the side of the first air return lane 6.
  • the second working face 9 can be mined from both sides of the first mining face 4 (the side of the first transportation lane 5 and the side of the first air return lane 6) at the same time, so that the mining efficiency is higher.
  • the main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2 and return air shaft 3 are arranged.
  • the main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2 and return air shaft 3 are all directly connected.
  • the main shaft 1 and the auxiliary shaft 2 are on one side, and the return air shaft 3 is on the other side.
  • the main shaft 1 is responsible for transporting coal
  • the auxiliary shaft 2 is used for loading and unloading materials or personnel. After reaching the coal seam, firstly dig in the open cut of the first face, and then arrange the production system in the open cut.
  • the coal wall is cut by the shearer to directly cut the first transportation lane 5 of the first face and the first
  • the return air lane 6 is then used to cut the roof to relieve pressure and form a roadway automatically (a roadway is automatically formed by the roof collapse of the goaf), and the first transportation lane 5 and the first air return lane 6 are retained.
  • the stop line 8 of the first mining face 4 is the boundary line of the mining area.
  • Coal mining system After coal mining at the working face, the coal is transported to the first transportation lane 5 ⁇ main shaft 1 ⁇ ground.
  • Ventilation system fresh air flow from main shaft 1 and auxiliary shaft 2 ⁇ first transportation lane 5 ⁇ working face (turned into polluted air) ⁇ first air return lane 6 ⁇ return air shaft 3 ⁇ ground.
  • the opening cut and production system are arranged in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction in the roadway left by the first mining face, and the second working face and the first mining face are mined and retained.
  • the method is the same, the coal mining machine cuts the coal wall and cuts the second transportation lane 10 and the second air return lane 11 at the same time.
  • the second transportation lane 10 and the second air return lane 11 of the second working face 9 are retained, and when the second working face is mined to the stop line 12 of the second working face, the roof-cutting and pressure-relief self-forming technology is used
  • the reserved roadway 13 of the working face is reserved, together with the second transportation lane 10, the second air return lane 11, the reserved roadway 7, the first transportation lane 5, and the first air return lane 6 to form a complete coal mining system and Return air system.
  • Coal mining system coal mined at the second working face ⁇ second transport lane 10 left by the second working face ⁇ first transport lane 5 ⁇ main shaft 1 ⁇ ground.
  • Ventilation system fresh air flow enters from main shaft 1 and auxiliary shaft 2 ⁇ first transportation lane 5 ⁇ second transportation lane 10 ⁇ second working face (turned into polluted air) ⁇ second air return lane 11 ⁇ first transportation lane 5 ⁇ Reserved roadway 7 ⁇ First return air lane 6 ⁇ Return air shaft 3 ⁇ Ground.
  • the working face reserved roadways 13 of multiple second working faces are connected to each other, and all working face reserved roadways 13 are simultaneously connected with the second transportation lane 10 and the second air return lane 11 reserved for the second working face, and the working face
  • the reserved roadway 13, the second transportation lane 10, the second air return lane 11, the reserved roadway 7, the first transportation lane 5 and the first air return lane 6 together constitute a complete coal mining system and ventilation system (some roadways are both
  • the roadway of the coal mining system is also the roadway of the ventilation system).
  • the multiple second working faces 9 are divided into the first mining face 901, the second mining face 902 to the Nth mining face according to the mining sequence.
  • the coal mining system and return air system are described through the first mining surface 901 and the second mining surface 902. The description is as follows:
  • Coal mining system coal from the second mining face 902 ⁇ the second return air tunnel 11 left by the first mining face 901 ⁇ the working face reserved roadway 13 left by the first mining face 901 ⁇ the first The second transportation lane 10 left by the mining face 901 ⁇ the first transportation lane 5 ⁇ the main shaft 1 ⁇ lift to the ground.
  • the present invention also provides an embodiment of a coal mining method.
  • the steps of the coal mining method are basically the same as those of the above embodiment, except for the arrangement of the main shaft, auxiliary shaft, and return air shaft.
  • the well and the main well are the same well or the return air well and the auxiliary well are the same well.
  • the air flow circulating in the return air well can be directly circulated from the main well or the auxiliary well.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • No roadway is excavated in the entire mining area, which can eliminate excavation, reduce the preparation time for coal production, and advance the coal mining time. At the same time, it reduces the cost of coal production, reduces the number of personnel required for tunneling, avoids safety accidents during the tunneling process, and saves a lot of time and money for the entire mine production.

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Abstract

一种全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法，包括以下步骤：从地面向采煤层打通主井（1）、副井（2）和回风井（3）；通过采煤机形成以第一方向为行进方向的首采面（4）；采煤机在首采面（4）截割煤壁时，同时割出第一运输巷（5）和第一回风巷（6），并将第一运输巷（5）和第一回风巷（6）保留，第一运输巷（5）和第一回风巷（6）分别位于首采面（4）的两侧，第一运输巷（5）同时与主井（1）和副井（2）相连通，第一回风巷（6）与回风井（3）相连通；采煤机在第二工作面（9）截割煤壁时，同时割出第二运输巷（10）和第二回风巷（11），并将第二运输巷（10）和第二回风巷（11）保留，第二运输巷（10）和第二回风巷（11）分别位于第二工作面（9）的两侧。

Description

全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法 技术领域
本发明涉及采矿技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法。
背景技术
现有煤矿开采的开拓布局方式，需要开采一个煤层时先掘进至少3条开拓大巷，为整个矿区服务。再从开拓大巷向采区里掘进至少3条巷道，为每个采区服务。采区内每个工作面要提前掘出两条巷道作为工作面运输巷道和工作面回风巷道，为工作面服务。为了使每个回采工作面正常接续，每个煤矿需要布置多个掘进工作面，用人多，掘进量大，掘进时间长，掘进费用高，采煤和掘进交替紧张。采区内每个工作面要提前掘出两条巷道作为工作面运输巷道和工作面回风巷道，为每个工作面服务。巨大的掘进工作量导致煤炭生产前期准备时间过长，增加了煤炭生产的成本，浪费大量的时间和金钱，且巷道掘进过程中安全事故频发。
同时，在相邻工作面之间要设一定宽度的保护煤柱。同时留设煤柱造成很大的煤炭资源浪费，并且随着开采深度的增加，留设煤柱上方应力集中引起的巷道围岩大变形、冲击地压、煤(岩)爆以及煤与瓦斯突出等地质灾害十分严重。
综上所述，现有技术中的煤矿开采需要掘进量大、掘进时间长，掘进费用高、留设煤柱造成很大的煤炭资源浪费。
发明内容
本发明实施例中提供一种全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法，以解决现有技术中的煤矿开采需要掘进量大、掘进时间长，掘进 费用高、留设煤柱造成很大的煤炭资源浪费的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种采煤方法，包括以下步骤：
从地面向采煤层打通主井、副井和回风井；
当所述主井、副井和回风井打通至所述采煤层后，在所述采煤层布置工作面生产系统；
通过采煤机以第一方向进行截割煤壁进行开采，并形成以所述第一方向为行进方向的首采面；
所述采煤机在所述首采面截割煤壁时，同时割出第一运输巷和第一回风巷，并将所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷保留，所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷分别位于所述首采面的两侧，所述第一运输巷同时与所述主井和所述副井相连通，所述第一回风巷与所述回风井相连通；
在所述首采面采到停采线后，在所述首采面的末端留出首采面预留巷道，所述首采面预留巷道分别与所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷连通；
待所述首采面的采煤工作完成后，以首采面的第一运输巷或第一回风巷作为第二工作面的切眼，以远离第一运输巷或第一回风巷的第二方向进行第二工作面的开采；
所述采煤机在所述第二工作面截割煤壁时，同时割出第二运输巷和第二回风巷，并将所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷保留，所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷分别位于所述第二工作面的两侧，所述第二运输巷与所述第一运输巷连通，所述第二回风巷与所述回风井相连通。
进一步地，所述第二工作面的数量为多个，依次开采多个所述第二工作面，从开采第二个所述第二工作面开始，上一个所述第二工作面的第二回风巷位于靠近下一个所述第二工作面的一侧，并且上一个所述第二工作面的第二回风巷作为下一个所述第二工作面的第二运输巷。
进一步地，所述第二工作面由所述首采面位于所述第一运输巷的一侧开始开采。
进一步地，所述第二工作面由所述首采面位于所述第一回风巷的一侧开始开采。
进一步地，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
进一步地，在所述第二工作面采到停采线后，在所述述第二工作面的末端留出工作面预留巷道，所述工作面预留巷道分别与所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷连通。
进一步地，所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷通过切顶卸压自成巷技术形成。
进一步地，所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷通过切顶卸压自成巷技术形成。
进一步地，所述回风井与所述主井为同一个井筒。
进一步地，所述回风井与所述副井为同一个井筒。
应用本发明的技术方案，在整个矿区内不掘进任何巷道，可以消除掘进，减少煤炭生产前期准备时间，提前煤炭开采时间。同时减少了煤炭生产成本，减少了掘进所需要的人员，避免了巷道掘进过程中所带来的安全事故，为整个矿井生产节约了大量的时间和金钱。在整个矿区内不留设任何煤柱，可以提高矿井的采出率，节约煤炭资源，增加矿井的服务年限，避免了因留设煤柱上方应力集中引起的巷道围岩大变形、冲击地压、煤(岩)爆以及煤与瓦斯突出等地质灾害，为国家节约煤炭资源做出了巨大贡献。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的采煤方法的矿区采煤作业中首采面的示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的采煤方法的矿区采煤作业中第二工作面的示意图。
图3是本发明实施例的采煤方法的矿区采煤作业中第二工作面的第二个开采面的示意图。
图4是本发明实施例的采煤方法的矿区采煤作业第二工作面的分布设置示意图。
图5是本发明另一个实施例的采煤方法的矿区采煤作业中首采面的示意图。
图中附图标记如下：
1、主井；2、副井；3、回风井；4、首采面；5、第一运输巷；6、第一回风巷；7、预留巷道；8、停采线；9、第二工作面；10、第二运输巷；11、第二回风巷；12、停采线；13、工作面预留巷道；901、第一个开采面；902、第二个开采面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，但不作为对本发明的限定。
参见图1所示，根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进采煤方法，该采煤方法包括以下步骤：
从地面向采煤层打通主井1、副井2和回风井3；
当所述主井1、副井2和回风井3打通至所述采煤层后，在所述采煤层布置工作面生产系统；
通过采煤机以第一方向进行截割煤壁进行挖掘，并形成以所述第一方向为行进方向的首采面4；
所述采煤机在所述首采面4截割煤壁时，同时割出第一运输巷5和第一回风巷6，并将所述第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6保留，所述第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6分别位于所述首采面4的两侧，所述第一运输巷5同时与所述主井1和所述副井2相连通，所述第一回风巷6与所述回风井3相连通；
在所述首采面4采到停采线8后，在所述首采面4的末端留出首采面4预留巷道7，所述首采面4预留巷道7分别与所述第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6连通；
待所述首采面4的采煤工作完成后，以首采面的第一运输巷5或第一回风巷6作为第二工作面9的切眼，以远离第一运输巷5或第一回风巷6的第二方向进行第二工作面9的开采；
所述采煤机在所述第二工作面9截割煤壁时，同时割出第二运输巷10和第二回风巷11，并将所述第二运输巷10和所述第二回风巷11 保留，所述第二运输巷10和所述第二回风巷11分别位于所述第二工作面9的两侧，所述第二运输巷10与所述第一运输巷5连通，所述第二回风巷11与所述回风井3相连通。
本发明提供的全矿区无煤柱留设无巷道掘进的采煤方法，按照首采面和第二工作面的分布方式，可以延展挖掘整个煤层，所以相比现有技术中在稳定岩层中大量开拓巷道来说，省去了大量的挖掘工作量，所有的挖掘均是在煤层进行的有效挖掘，而留出来的运输巷和回风巷可以直接使用，这样有效地降低了巷道开挖成本。而且，运输巷和回风巷是由煤层内形成的，运输巷和回风巷可以通过切顶泄压形成，而且技术非常成熟，这样不需要大量的留设煤柱，进而解决了现有技术中开采煤矿导致的煤炭资源大量浪费的问题。
在所述第二工作面9采到停采线12后，在所述述第二工作面9的末端留出工作面预留巷道13，工作面预留巷道13是指第二工作面9的末端沿空留巷，所述工作面预留巷道13分别与所述第二运输巷10和所述第二回风巷11连通。
需要说明的是，所述第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6通过切顶卸压自成巷技术形成。所述第二运输巷10和所述第二回风巷11通过切顶卸压自成巷技术形成。
所述第二工作面9的数量为多个，依次开采多个所述第二工作面，从开采第二个所述第二工作面开始，上一个所述第二工作面的第二回风巷位于靠近下一个所述第二工作面的一侧，并且上一个所述第二工作面的第二回风巷作为下一个所述第二工作面的第二运输巷。参见图2，按照第一方向，依次排列多个第二工作面，由图2中所示的方向，由右向左依次开采第二工作面。而且上一个工作面留下用不到的运输巷，随采随废，参见图3所示。
而且，所述第二工作面9由所述首采面4位于所述第一运输巷5的一侧开始开采，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。通过首采面的第一方向以及第二方向的配合，可以将矿区所有的煤矿都开采出来，最大程度地避免了煤矿开采不完全的情况，提升了出煤量。
另外，参见图4，所述第二工作面9由所述首采面4位于所述第一回风巷6的一侧开始开采。而且第二工作面9可以同时从首采面4的 两侧(第一运输巷5的一侧以及第一回风巷6的一侧)进行开采，这样的开采效率更高。当然可以先从首采面4的一侧进行开采，然后在从另外一侧开采，如图4所示的反向，先从右向左开采第二工作面的多个工作面，到达停采线后，再从左向右开采另外一侧的第二工作面。
结合图示，对挖煤方法的工作过程进行详细介绍：
参见图1，在某一煤矿处，根据煤层储存条件、井拓系统，进行主井1、副井2和回风井3的布置，主井1、副井2和回风井3都直接通到所采煤层。主井1、副井2在一侧，回风井3在另一侧。主井1负责运输煤炭，副井2用来上下材料或者人员。到达所在煤层后首先掘进出首采面的开切眼，然后在开切眼布置生产系统，通过采煤机截割煤壁，直接割出首采面的第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6，然后利用切顶卸压自成巷技术(通过采空区顶板垮落自动形成巷道)，将第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6保留。首采面4的停采线8为矿区边界线。当首采面开采到停采线8位置时候，在撤架的同时利用切顶卸压自成行技术，在所述首采面4的末端留出首采面4预留巷道7，与第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6构成一个完整的采煤系统和通风系统。
采煤系统：工作面采煤后，将煤运送到第一运输巷5→主井1→地面。
通风系统：新鲜的气流从主井1和副井2→第一运输巷5→工作面(变为污风)→第一回风巷6→回风井3→地面。
参见图2，待首采面结束后，在首采面留下的巷道中向垂直于第一方向的第二方向布置开切眼和生产系统，第二工作面与首采面开采和留巷方法相同，随采随留，采煤机截割煤壁，同时割出第二运输巷10和所述第二回风巷11。将第二工作面9的第二运输巷10和所述第二回风巷11保留，当第二工作面开采到第二工作面的停采线12后，用切顶卸压自成巷技术将工作面预留巷道13保留，与第二运输巷10、第二回风巷11、预留巷道7、第一运输巷5、第一回风巷6共同构成了整个矿区完整采煤系统和回风系统。
采煤系统：第二个工作面采的煤→第二工作面所留的第二运输巷10→第一运输巷5→主井1→地面。
通风系统：新鲜风流由主井1和副井2进入→第一运输巷5→第二 运输巷10→第二工作面(变为污风)→第二回风巷11→第一运输巷5→预留巷道7→第一回风巷6→回风井3→地面。
参见图3，待第二工作面开采到停采线，留住工作面预留巷道13后，形成了完整的第二工作面采煤系统和运输系统，紧接着在下一个第二工作面相邻处直接布置开切眼和开采系统，开采这个面时，采煤机截割煤壁，只需要割出该工作面的第二回风巷，无需割出运输巷，由于上一个第二工作面的第二回风巷11被留住，直接用作下一个第二工作面的运输巷。随着该第二工作面的推进，该第二工作面的第二运输巷(上一个第二工作面的回风巷)也随着报废，即随采随废弃。同时也在停采线处留出工作面预留巷道13。多个第二工作面的工作面预留巷道13相互连通，所有工作面预留巷道13同时与第二工作面所留第二运输巷10、第二回风巷11相连通，并且工作面预留巷道13、第二运输巷10、第二回风巷11、预留巷道7、第一运输巷5和所述第一回风巷6共同构成完整的采煤系统和通风系统(部分巷道既是采煤系统的巷道也是通风系统的巷道)。为了方便对第二工作面依次开采进行说明，根据开采顺序将多个第二工作面9分为第一个开采面901、第二个开采面902至第N个开采面。并通过第一个开采面901、第二个开采面902对采煤系统和回风系统进行说明，描述说明如下：
采煤系统：第二个开采面902所采的煤→第一个开采面901所留的第二回风巷11→第一个开采面901所留的工作面预留巷道13→第一个开采面901所留的第二运输巷10→第一运输巷5→主井1→提升到地面。
回风系统：新鲜的气流通过主井1和副井2流入→第一运输巷5→第一个开采面901所留的第二运输巷10→第一个开采面901的工作面预留巷道13→第一个开采面901所留的第二回风巷11→第二个开采面902(变为污风)→第二个开采面902的第二回风巷11→第一运输巷5→预留巷道7→第一回风巷6→回风井3→地面。
参见图4，当矿区较大时，为了提高首采面两条巷道的利用率，从而提高首采面两条巷道的服务覆盖面积。则当首采面的第一运输巷5一侧的开采完毕后，则可以把切眼布置在首采面的第一回风巷6，开采第一回风巷6一侧的矿区。开采方式和留巷方式与第二工作面的开采 方式和留巷方式相同，依次类推，从而达到提高首采面两条巷道的利用率，提高首采面两条巷道的服务覆盖面积。当然，也可以再第一运输巷5和第一回风巷6两侧同时进行开采，这样可以有效地提高开采效率。
参见图5所示，本发明还提供了一种采煤方法的实施例，采煤方法与上述实施例的实施步骤基本相同，区别仅在于主井、副井和回风井的布置，回风井与所述主井为同一个井筒或者回风井与副井为同一个井筒。回风井流通的气流可以直接从主井或者副井进行流通。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
(1)在整个矿区内不掘进任何巷道，可以消除掘进，减少煤炭生产前期准备时间，提前煤炭开采时间。同时减少了煤炭生产成本，减少了掘进所需要的人员，避免了巷道掘进过程中所带来的安全事故，为整个矿井生产节约了大量的时间和金钱。
(2)在整个矿区内不留设任何煤柱，可以提高矿井的采出率，节约煤炭资源，增加矿井的服务年限，避免了因留设煤柱上方应力集中引起的巷道围岩大变形、冲击地压、煤(岩)爆以及煤与瓦斯突出等地质灾害，为国家节约煤炭资源做出了巨大贡献。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、工作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施方式能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
当然，以上是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明基本原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种采煤方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    从地面向采煤层打通主井、副井和回风井；
    当所述主井、副井和回风井打通至所述采煤层后，在所述采煤层布置工作面生产系统；
    通过采煤机以第一方向进行截割煤壁进行开采，并形成以所述第一方向为行进方向的首采面；
    所述采煤机在所述首采面截割煤壁时，同时割出第一运输巷和第一回风巷，并将所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷保留，所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷分别位于所述首采面的两侧，所述第一运输巷同时与所述主井和所述副井相连通，所述第一回风巷与所述回风井相连通；
    在所述首采面采到停采线后，在所述首采面的末端留出首采面预留巷道，所述首采面预留巷道分别与所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷连通；
    待所述首采面的采煤工作完成后，以首采面的第一运输巷或第一回风巷作为第二工作面的切眼，以远离第一运输巷或第一回风巷的第二方向进行第二工作面的开采；
    所述采煤机在所述第二工作面截割煤壁时，同时割出第二运输巷和第二回风巷，并将所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷保留，所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷分别位于所述第二工作面的两侧，所述第二运输巷与所述第一运输巷连通，所述第二回风巷与所述回风井相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，所述第二工作面的数量为多个，依次开采多个所述第二工作面，从开采第二个所述第二工作面开始，上一个所述第二工作面的第二回风巷位于靠近下一个所述第二工作面的一侧，并且上一个所述第二工作面的第二回风巷作为下一个所述第二工作面的第二运输巷。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，所述第二工作面由所述首采面位于所述第一运输巷的一侧开始开采。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，所述第二工作面 由所述首采面位于所述第一回风巷的一侧开始开采。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，在所述第二工作面采到停采线后，在所述述第二工作面的末端留出工作面预留巷道，所述工作面预留巷道分别与所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷连通。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一运输巷和所述第一回风巷通过切顶卸压自成巷技术形成。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，
    所述第二运输巷和所述第二回风巷通过切顶卸压自成巷技术形成。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，所述回风井与所述主井为同一个井筒。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的采煤方法，其特征在于，所述回风井与所述副井为同一个井筒。
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