WO2021003757A1 - 一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2021003757A1
WO2021003757A1 PCT/CN2019/096105 CN2019096105W WO2021003757A1 WO 2021003757 A1 WO2021003757 A1 WO 2021003757A1 CN 2019096105 W CN2019096105 W CN 2019096105W WO 2021003757 A1 WO2021003757 A1 WO 2021003757A1
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source
mobile terminal
coordinates
signal
available
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PCT/CN2019/096105
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English (en)
French (fr)
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董孝峰
王刚
宋靖涛
曾永红
钟波
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博睿泰克科技(宁波)有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0273Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves using multipath or indirect path propagation signals in position determination
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/023Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/33Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for indoor environments, e.g. buildings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/006Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to an indoor positioning method and system based on signal multipath propagation measurement.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • technologies for indoor positioning based on WiFi, Bluetooth, LBS, ZigBee, UWB and other technologies.
  • the overall positioning accuracy is not high, and can only reach an accuracy of about 5 meters.
  • the progress that can be achieved with active RFID technology can reach the centimeter level, but there are many problems in actual use, and the cost of global promotion is high.
  • the fifth-generation communication technology has certain positioning capabilities, but the positioning of 5G relies on its dense base stations, and the positioning accuracy is only about 5 meters.
  • the positioning technology based on mobile communication is mainly RSSI technology.
  • the relative distance is calculated from the signal strength of the base station to the user equipment (UE, User Equipment).
  • UE User Equipment
  • the RSSI value will also not be the same; further, modern base stations have a power adjustment function, which makes the RSSI value of the base station fluctuate under busy and low load conditions.
  • the multipath channel brings great deviation to the positioning, resulting in unreliable RSSI ranging.
  • multipath channels directly cause inter-symbol interference (ISI, Inter-symbol interference), so multipath components have always been treated as interference signals.
  • ISI inter-symbol interference
  • experts in the communication field have developed a variety of prototype filters to ensure signal robustness, effectiveness and feasibility.
  • the MB-OFDM UWB channel is a typical multipath channel, and the receiver solution uses frequency domain equalization to compensate for various distortions of the channel; the publication number CN109633697A published "a method for multi-carrier signal multipath suppression", Another method of suppressing multipath components is presented.
  • the multipath component can also be used, such as the "Method, Apparatus and Storage Medium for Measuring House Type Based on Radio Multipath" published by the publication number CN109669176A.
  • the publication number CN109669176A describes in the document plan that according to the channel status and return time information of the signal sent by the same client received by the AP, the path information (including the angle of arrival and the path) of each path taken by the signal to reach the AP length). Further realize the right and house type measurement.
  • Direction of Arrival (DOA, Direction of Arrival), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA, Time Difference of Arrival) (describe TDOA according to the context or with "time difference of propagation” or “time difference of arrival”), time of arrival (TOA, Time of Arrival) )
  • DOA Direction of Arrival
  • TDOA Time Difference of Arrival
  • TOA time of arrival
  • TOA Time of Arrival
  • the objectives in the above two application documents are very clear.
  • the publication number CN109669176A adopts multipath component method to achieve house-type surveying and mapping, while the publication number CN109743777A uses DOA and TDOA to achieve positioning; the same thing in the above two application documents is that they clearly state that they are used Measure the arrival time or the arrival time difference of one or multiple paths from the base station to the UE, but the above two documents do not provide the measurement methods for DOA and TDOA.
  • An indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Determine available information sources and coordinates of the available information sources among multiple information sources in the room;
  • Step S2 Obtain the distance from the mobile terminal to the available information source
  • Step S3 Acquire the current coordinates of the mobile terminal based on the distance
  • Step S4 The mobile terminal performs positioning display on an electronic map based on the coordinates
  • Step S5 Perform training of the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine based on the available information source and the coordinates of the mobile terminal.
  • the method for the mobile terminal to determine the available information source and the available information source coordinates includes the following steps:
  • step S104 If yes, go to step S104;
  • step S103 If not, perform step S103;
  • step S103 Evaluate the protocol parameters of the unknown protocol, and return to step S102;
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • Global Navigation Satellite System Global Navigation Satellite System
  • step S106 If yes, go to step S106;
  • step S109 If not, perform step S109;
  • step S108 If yes, go to step S108;
  • step S110 If not, perform step S110;
  • step S111 If yes, go to step S111;
  • step S110 If not, perform step S110;
  • step S110 delay for N seconds, and return to step S105;
  • the mobile terminal enters the next measurement of the available source coordinates.
  • the step S2 includes the following steps:
  • a (k, l) multipath attenuation coefficient specifically represents the attenuation coefficient of the k-th multipath component of the l-th subcarrier
  • T l is the propagation time of the 0th multipath component of the lth subcarrier, or denoted as T (0,l) ;
  • ⁇ (k, l) represents the time delay of the k-th multipath component of the l-th subcarrier based on T l , that is, TDOA;
  • p (k) is the relative power of path attenuation on the path delay t (k) ;
  • f (k) is the carrier frequency
  • s(t) is the received arrival signal
  • s k (t) is the k-th multipath component
  • ⁇ (k) is the phase deviation
  • p (k) is a function of the fixed delay parameter t (0) and the additional delay parameter t (k) ;
  • N (j) is the number of phase cycles
  • ⁇ N (j) is the cumulative number of weeks after the first measurement
  • ⁇ (j) is the part of less than one week
  • N (j) is an unknown number
  • the actually observed value is ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) ;
  • N (j) is called the "full cycle ambiguity phase"
  • Is called the theoretical phase difference of the k-th multipath component of the l-th subcarrier, It is called the "whole-cycle ambiguity phase" of the k-th multipath component of the l-th subcarrier;
  • ⁇ (j) represents the wavelength of the source sub-carrier
  • t propagation time is TOA
  • c represents the speed of light
  • the method for obtaining the coordinates of the mobile terminal includes the following steps:
  • S301 Acquire the list of available information sources, including the serial number, three-dimensional coordinates, information source protocol, signal frequency, and channel environment parameters of each available information source;
  • step S306 If the condition is satisfied, execute step S306;
  • the method for obtaining the coordinates of the mobile terminal includes the following steps:
  • S3001 Acquire the list of available information sources, including the serial number, three-dimensional coordinates, information source protocol, signal frequency, and channel environment parameters of each available information source;
  • the step S5 further includes the following steps:
  • S52 Arrange the arrival vectors in order of TOA or TDOA from large to small or small to large, and save them to the channel environment fingerprint database;
  • Terminal signal processing and information source resource management unit for determining available information sources and coordinates of the available information sources among multiple information sources in the room
  • a distance calculation unit for calculating and acquiring the distance from the mobile terminal to the available information source
  • a coordinate calculation unit for obtaining the current coordinates of the mobile terminal based on the distance, and performing channel environment fingerprint analysis engine training based on the available information source and the coordinates of the mobile terminal;
  • the location service resource management unit is used to perform location display on the electronic map based on the coordinates.
  • the end signal processing and source resource management unit includes:
  • Signal transceiver module to realize analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion, modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding functions
  • Spectrum sensing adaptive digital filter module used to search and perceive radio spectrum, extract carrier frequency and phase
  • a source locking module for outputting the signal of the available source to the distance calculation unit
  • a source search module to search for the available source around the current location of the mobile terminal
  • the idle channel selection module is used to send a ranging signal to locate the current mobile terminal.
  • the distance calculation unit includes:
  • the multipath component separation module is used to obtain 1 subcarrier signal in units of 1 time slot, and decompose the signal into K multipath components.
  • the signal sent by the available source is propagated through multipath, and the signal received by the receiving end The signal is as follows:
  • T l is the propagation time of the 0th multipath component of the lth subcarrier, or denoted as T (0,l) ;
  • ⁇ (k, l) represents the time delay of the k-th multipath component with T l as the reference, that is, TDOA;
  • the subcarrier signal tracking module is used to construct K carrier tracking functions to reconstruct the 0th to k-1 multipath components, as shown in the following formula:
  • p (k) is the relative power of path attenuation on the path delay t (k) ;
  • f (k) is the carrier frequency
  • s(t) is the received arrival signal
  • s k (t) is the k-th multipath component
  • ⁇ (k) is the phase deviation
  • p (k) is a function of the fixed delay parameter t (0) and the additional delay parameter t (k) ;
  • the phase tracking and locking module is used to establish a phase-locked loop, the 0th signal separated by the multipath component separation module is the shortest path signal, and the initial phase ⁇ opt of the signal is locked;
  • the precise phase measurement module is used to solve ⁇ (k) , detect the phase of the k-th multipath component, and compare with the initial phase ⁇ opt to obtain the observed phase difference;
  • the distance and time calculation module is used to calculate the distance and time according to the phase, and the phase difference from the mobile terminal to the available signal source is calculated by the following formula:
  • N (j) is the number of phase cycles
  • ⁇ N (j) is the cumulative number of weeks after the first measurement
  • ⁇ (j) is the part of less than one week
  • N (j) is an unknown number
  • the actually observed value is ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) ;
  • observation value ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) is called "observed phase difference"
  • N (j) is called the "full cycle ambiguity phase"
  • the distance between the mobile terminal and the available information source and the propagation time are calculated by the following formula:
  • d (j) represents the distance from the mobile terminal to the available source
  • ⁇ (j) represents the wavelength of the source sub-carrier
  • t propagation time is TOA
  • c represents the speed of light
  • the coordinate calculation unit includes:
  • a source coordinate calculation module for detecting the coordinates of each available source
  • the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine is used to use the multipath component TOA or TDOA of the signal to construct a "wave arrival vector" for describing channel characteristics and for calculating the coordinates of the mobile terminal;
  • the terminal coordinate calculation module is used to calculate the coordinates of the location of the mobile terminal by using a set of TOA or TDOA from the mobile terminal to one or more sources output by the distance and time calculation module.
  • the location service resource management unit includes:
  • Channel environment fingerprint database channel environment fingerprint knowledge base, used to save channel environment fingerprint data and environment fingerprint knowledge of channel environment fingerprint analysis engine;
  • the map access middleware module is used to implement data interaction between the mobile terminal and cloud location service resources, obtain local resources from the cloud resources, and upload the mobile terminal measurement and positioning data;
  • the map engine and the location service module are used to provide service resource data for the mobile terminal, including map data and data based on location services.
  • Mobile terminals namely mobile phones with mainstream configurations are available, and user mobile phones do not need to add auxiliary equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of obtaining available information sources and available information source coordinates in an embodiment of an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for acquiring the distance between a mobile terminal and an available source in an embodiment of an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for positioning using multiple sources in an embodiment of an indoor positioning method and system based on signal multipath propagation measurement of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for positioning using a single source in an embodiment of an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a training method for a channel environment fingerprint analysis engine in an embodiment of an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an indoor positioning system based on signal multipath propagation measurement according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an indoor positioning system based on signal multipath propagation measurement according to the present invention.
  • End signal processing and source resource management unit 2. Distance calculation unit; 3. Coordinate calculation unit; 4. Location service resource management unit;
  • Signal transceiver module 12. Spectrum sensing adaptive digital filter module; 13. Source lock module; 14. Source search module; 15. Idle channel selection module;
  • Multipath component separation module 21. Multipath component separation module; 22. Subcarrier signal tracking module; 23. Phase tracking and locking module; 24. Precise phase measurement module; 25. Distance and time calculation module;
  • Source coordinate calculation module 32. Channel environment fingerprint analysis engine; 33. Terminal coordinate calculation module;
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement.
  • an embodiment of an indoor positioning method based on signal multipath propagation measurement includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Determine available source and available source coordinates among multiple sources in the room;
  • Step S2 Obtain the distance from the mobile terminal to the available information source
  • Step S3 Obtain the current coordinates of the mobile terminal based on the distance
  • Step S4 The mobile terminal performs positioning display on the electronic map based on the coordinates
  • Step S5 Perform training of the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine based on the available information sources and the coordinates of the mobile terminal.
  • the above steps S1-S5 can be executed through the cooperation between the mobile terminal and the available information source.
  • the problem solved is to use the publicly visible information source to achieve high performance without using authorization and without increasing the burden of communication. Accurate indoor positioning.
  • step S1 the method for the mobile terminal to determine the available information source and the available information source coordinates includes the following steps:
  • GNSS is not available under indoor conditions.
  • the prerequisite for achieving high-precision positioning through base stations such as LBS base stations and WiFi is to measure the high-precision coordinates of the base station that can be used as a positioning signal source.
  • the first step to achieve this goal is to find the available sources around;
  • S101 First load the radio authorization list and known communication protocol to the source search module, and search for available sources around the room (specifically including LBS base stations, WiFi base stations, WiMax base stations, Bluetooth base stations, LoRa base stations, ZigBee base stations, etc., FM, All visible signal sources such as GPS and BDS (fixed base station));
  • step S104 If yes, go to step S104;
  • step S103 If not, perform step S103;
  • step S103 Evaluate the protocol parameters of the unknown protocol (the specific evaluation method can use a multi-band blind sampling algorithm to predict the parameters of the unknown protocol), and return to step S102;
  • the above steps S101-S104 are used to obtain available information sources, and add the obtained available information sources to the list of available information sources. After obtaining the available information sources, it is necessary to determine the coordinates of the information sources.
  • GNSS GNSS to measure indoor base stations that are visible outdoors, and measure indoor base stations level by level, as follows:
  • the drive test module is turned on and continues to judge whether the GNSS signal is available;
  • step S106 If yes, go to step S106;
  • step S109 If not, perform step S109;
  • the drive test receiver measures its own position coordinates
  • step S108 If yes, go to step S108;
  • step S109 If not, perform step S109;
  • step S111 If yes, go to step S111;
  • step S110 If not, perform step S110;
  • step S110 delay for N seconds, and return to step S105; where N is any rational number greater than 0, and the specific value range is 1 ⁇ N ⁇ 100);
  • the mobile terminal enters the next measurement of the available source coordinates.
  • the coordinates of the available information source to the surrounding location and the distance to the information source are collected, and the source coordinates are solved by the aforementioned "finite element approximation method”.
  • Others such as machine learning methods and maximum likelihood methods can be solved.
  • step S2 the distance between the two is measured by accurately determining the propagation phase of the signal from the mobile terminal to the source.
  • the phase is a function of time.
  • the measured phase refers to the instantaneous phase of a certain frequency component at a certain moment.
  • the phase time is obtained by calculating the inverse function of the phase time function, which can specifically include the following steps:
  • T l is the propagation time of the 0th multipath component of the lth subcarrier, which is also denoted as T (0,l) ;
  • ⁇ (k, l) represents the time delay of the k-th multipath component of the l-th subcarrier based on T l , that is, TDOA;
  • p (k) is the relative power of path attenuation on the path delay t (k) ;
  • f (k) is the carrier frequency
  • s(t) is the received arrival signal
  • s k (t) is the k-th multipath component
  • ⁇ (k) is the phase deviation
  • p (k) is a function of the fixed delay parameter t (0) and the additional delay parameter t (k) ;
  • N (j) is the number of phase cycles
  • ⁇ N (j) is the cumulative number of weeks after the first measurement
  • ⁇ (j) is the part of less than one week
  • N (j) is an unknown number
  • the actually observed value is ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) ;
  • N (j) is called the "full cycle ambiguity phase"
  • t ( ⁇ (j) (N (j) + ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) ))/c; where ⁇ (j) represents the wavelength of the source subcarrier, t propagation time is TOA, and c represents the speed of light .
  • step S3 the above-mentioned available information source coordinates can be used repeatedly for multiple times, and the information source coordinates can be saved to the coordinate database after being calculated, and downloaded and used directly when calculating the coordinates of the mobile terminal.
  • multi-source coordinate calculation can be used, and single-source positioning method can be used when the multi-source conditions are not met.
  • the method of using multi-source coordinate calculation to obtain the coordinates of a mobile terminal includes the following steps:
  • S303 Take the parameters of the available source j, including the source number, three-dimensional coordinates, source protocol, and signal frequency;
  • step S306 If the condition is satisfied, execute step S306;
  • step S3 the method of using a single source to calculate and obtain the coordinates of the mobile terminal includes the following steps:
  • S3001 Obtain a list of available sources, including the number, three-dimensional coordinates, source protocol, signal frequency, and channel environment parameters of each available source;
  • the coordinates Q (t, x, t, z) of the mobile terminal can be calculated with the coordinates of the source j and the channel parameters.
  • step S4 the mobile terminal uploads the coordinates to the cloud map service engine, and the cloud will push information to the mobile terminal according to the behavior and location of the mobile terminal and display it on the screen.
  • the method steps for real-time positioning are as follows. We assume that the mobile terminal is a technical detection terminal, and the available source is the signal sent by the detected terminal;
  • the technical reconnaissance terminal identifies the identity and signal of the detected terminal, and determines the channel used by the detected terminal.
  • the technical detection terminal receives one or more subcarrier signals of the detected terminal.
  • the multipath component ranging method measures the pseudorange from the detected terminal to the detected terminal.
  • the technical reconnaissance terminal determines its own coordinates.
  • the coordinates of the technical reconnaissance terminal and the multipath propagation distance are calculated.
  • the problem of complicated channel conditions in the area where the detected terminal is located can be effectively overcome, and the detected terminal, that is, the location of the detected target, can be accurately indicated, and individual targets can be located for agencies such as public security law enforcement agencies.
  • step S5 the following steps are further included:
  • S52 Arrange the arrival vectors in order of TOA or TDOA from large to small or small to large, and save them to the channel environment fingerprint database;
  • the technical scheme of the present invention also includes an indoor positioning system based on signal multipath propagation measurement.
  • an embodiment of an indoor positioning system based on signal multipath propagation measurement includes:
  • the terminal signal processing and information source resource management unit is used to determine the available source and the available source coordinates among multiple sources in the room;
  • the distance calculation unit is used to calculate the distance from the mobile terminal to the available information source
  • the coordinate calculation unit is used to obtain the current coordinates of the mobile terminal based on the distance, and perform the training of the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine based on the available source and the coordinates of the mobile terminal;
  • the location service resource management unit is used to perform location display on the electronic map based on the coordinates.
  • each unit can be formed in a mobile terminal. Through the cooperation between the mobile terminal and the available information sources, it can effectively solve the problem of using publicly visible information sources without using authorization and without increasing the burden of communication. High-precision indoor positioning.
  • the terminal signal processing and source resource management unit mainly implements the basic functions of radio signal transmission and reception, the detection and recognition of available signal sources, channels, and carrier subcarriers, and manages available channel/signal resources, and receives And sending a signal, as shown in Figure 8, which specifically includes:
  • Signal transceiver module digital signal transceiver module realized by software radio method, used to realize analog-digital/digital-analog conversion, modulation and demodulation, encoding and decoding functions, consisting of antenna, DSP/FPGA and other hardware and software;
  • Spectrum sensing adaptive digital filter module parameter adjustable filter realized by software method, used to search and perceive radio spectrum, extract carrier frequency and phase;
  • the source locking module is used to output the signal of the available source to the distance calculation unit for calculating the distance from the mobile terminal to the available source.
  • the selection rules are maintained and managed by the source locking module. ;
  • the source search module is used to search for available sources around the current location of the mobile terminal.
  • the available sources as positioning sources must have a fixed location, identifiable ID and stable signals.
  • the source search module finds these sources and Identify its ID, spectrum, protocol and other radio characteristic parameters;
  • the mobile terminal is used to send the ranging signal during the self-positioning process, using visible sources, such as WiFi's idle channel or using the mobile phone signal to use the mobile phone's idle channel to transmit the ranging signal to locate the current mobile terminal.
  • visible sources such as WiFi's idle channel or using the mobile phone signal to use the mobile phone's idle channel to transmit the ranging signal to locate the current mobile terminal.
  • the distance calculation unit implements high-precision ranging from the mobile terminal to the available signal source, and achieves high-precision ranging by separating multipath components and measuring the phase difference of the multipath components.
  • the multipath component separation module is used to obtain sub-carrier signals in units of 1 time slot, and decompose the signal into K multipath components.
  • the signal from the available source is propagated through multipath, and the receiving end (may be a mobile terminal)
  • the received signal is as follows:
  • T l is the propagation time of the 0th multipath component of the lth subcarrier
  • ⁇ (k,l) represents the time delay of the k-th multipath component of the lth subcarrier with T l as the reference, namely TDOA;
  • the subcarrier signal tracking module is used to construct K carrier tracking functions to reconstruct the 0th to k-1 multipath components, as shown in the following formula:
  • p (k) is the relative power of path attenuation on the path delay t (k) ;
  • f (k) is the carrier frequency
  • s(t) is the received arrival signal
  • s k (t) is the k-th multipath component
  • ⁇ (k) is the phase deviation
  • p (k) is a function of the fixed delay parameter t (0) and the additional delay parameter t (k) ;
  • the phase tracking and locking module is used to establish a phase-locked loop, the 0th signal separated by the multipath component separation module is the shortest path signal, and the initial phase of the signal ⁇ opt is locked;
  • the precise phase measurement module is used to solve ⁇ (k) , detect the phase of the k-th multipath component, and compare with the initial phase ⁇ opt to obtain the observed phase difference;
  • the distance and time calculation module is used to calculate the distance and signal propagation time based on the phase.
  • the phase difference between the mobile terminal and the available signal source is calculated by the following formula:
  • N (j) is the number of phase cycles
  • ⁇ N (j) is the cumulative number of weeks after the first measurement
  • ⁇ (j) is the part of less than one week
  • N (j) is an unknown number
  • the actually observed value is ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) ;
  • observation value ⁇ N (j) + ⁇ (j) is called "observed phase difference"
  • N (j) is called the "full cycle ambiguity phase"
  • the distance and time difference between the mobile terminal and the available information source are calculated by the following formula:
  • d (j) represents the distance from the mobile terminal to the available source
  • ⁇ (j) represents the wavelength of the source sub-carrier
  • t propagation time is TOA
  • c represents the speed of light
  • the first step is to solve the "full cycle ambiguity phase" N (j) .
  • N (j) the distance between the mobile terminal and the signal source is limited.
  • the present invention provides a "finite element approximation method".
  • the target airspace is divided into B ⁇ W ⁇ H cubes whose side length is the positioning wavelength ⁇ (j) and numbered.
  • the distance from the cube to the source is calculated to satisfy the equation composed of observations.
  • the Si model filters out the interference solution and obtains the value of N (j) .
  • the calculation process can be optimized using a priori information and a machine learning model, for example, using the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine 107 to quickly calculate the value of N (j) .
  • the second step is to solve, accurately solve the phase difference, and the "precise phase detection module" executes the above detection method.
  • the third step is to calculate the distance from the mobile terminal to the available source.
  • Frequency and time are physical quantities associated with the "phase";
  • d (j) represents the distance from the mobile terminal to the available source j
  • ⁇ (j) represents the wavelength of the source sub-carrier
  • t propagation time difference represents the speed of light. Enter each value to find the propagation distance d (j) and propagation time t. Due to the existence of the Doppler effect under time-varying conditions, the same sub-carrier signal from the same source will also have frequency deviation and propagation time deviation.
  • the 0th arrival path signal is the shortest path of arrival, and the DOA is the direction of the target.
  • the first arrival signal may be a reflected or diffracted signal. The multipath positioning algorithm is not affected.
  • the coordinate calculation unit includes:
  • the source coordinate calculation module is used to detect the coordinates of each available source.
  • the measurement process requires the use of outdoor GNSS to determine the outdoor visible source coordinates, and the outdoor invisible source coordinates are gradually optimized from the indoor visible outdoor source coordinates;
  • the calculation method performed by the specific source coordinate calculation module is as follows:
  • the drive test device first uses GNSS to determine its own precise coordinates Q (t, x, t, z) ;
  • the detection is performed step by step from the available sources of the coordinates that have been determined;
  • the drive test device identifies the available source j, and measures the distance ⁇ t (s, j) from the source j to the drive test device s;
  • the drive test device coordinates and distance observations are uploaded to the network center or locally to calculate the available source coordinates.
  • the calculation method adopts the well-known geometric measurement method, or adopts the "finite element approximation method" mentioned in the preceding paragraph of the present invention, and divides the finite element space in the designated location space for multi-step approximation calculation.
  • the coordinate of the source j is marked on the map (map database) for use.
  • the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine is used to use the multipath component propagation time TOA or propagation time difference TDOA of the signal to construct the "wave arrival vector" to describe the channel characteristics and to calculate the coordinates of the mobile terminal.
  • the specific calculation method is as follows:
  • the terminal coordinate calculation module is used to calculate the coordinates of the location of the mobile terminal by using a set of TOA or TDOA from the mobile terminal to one or more sources output by the distance and time calculation module 105.
  • the specific calculation method is as follows:
  • the coordinates of available sources can be determined, and accurate positioning can be achieved by using 4 or more than 4 sources. If the number of available sources is less than 4, it can be used to calculate the propagation time TOA or propagation time difference of one sub-carrier multipath signal when the channel environment is determined. TDOA, repeated calculation of multiple sub-carriers to achieve mobile terminal positioning calculation or use of channel environment fingerprint analysis engine to achieve mobile terminal positioning calculation.
  • the calculation and measurement results are updated to the map database, and the arrival vector of each subcarrier is saved to the channel environment data, and used to train the channel environment fingerprint analysis engine to generate the channel environment fingerprint.
  • the location service resource management unit includes:
  • Channel environment fingerprint database channel environment fingerprint knowledge base, used to save channel environment fingerprint data and environment fingerprint knowledge of channel environment fingerprint analysis engine;
  • Map access middleware module to realize data interaction between mobile terminal and cloud location service resources, obtain local resources from cloud resources, and upload mobile terminal measurement and positioning data;
  • the map engine and location service module are used to provide service resource data for the mobile terminal, including map data and data based on location services.
  • the distance of all multipath components from the positioning source to the mobile terminal can be measured.
  • a single source uses multipath component propagation to locate the mobile terminal. The process is as follows:
  • the mobile terminal searches for available surrounding sources, identifies the source number, obtains the source coordinates, and obtains the location range and channel environment parameters of the mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal receives the source signal and calculates the multipath distance from the mobile terminal to the available source.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统,其中,包括以下步骤:步骤S1、于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及所述可用信源坐标;步骤S2、获取移动终端到所述可用信源的距离;步骤S3、基于所述距离获取所述移动终端当前的坐标;步骤S4、所述移动终端基于所述坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示;步骤S5、基于所述可用信源以及所述移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练。

Description

一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统。
背景技术
全球导航卫星系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)不能应用于室内定位和导航。为了满足用户室内定位的需求,学者们开发了基于WiFi、Bluetooth、LBS、ZigBee、UWB等技术的用于室内定位。但是总体上定位精度不高,仅能达到5米左右的精度。利用有源RFID技术能够实现的进度可以达到厘米级别,但是实际使用上存在很多问题,全域推广成本很高。第五代通讯技术具有一定定位能力,但是5G的定位依靠其密集的基站,定位精度也只有5米左右。
基于移动通讯的定位技术主要是RSSI技术,通过基站到用户设备(UE,User Equipment)的信号强度计算相对距离,但是由于基站发射天线具有方向性,即使等距离在信号主瓣或者旁瓣覆盖区域RSSI值也不会相同;进一步,现代基站都有功率调整功能,使得基站在繁忙和低负载状态下RSSI值出现波动。同时由于信道复杂,特别是室内条件下多径信道给定位带来很大偏差,造成RSSI测距不可靠。
在移动通讯领域,多径信道直接造成符号间干扰(ISI,Inter-symbol interference),因此多径分量一直以来被作为干扰信号进行处理。为了保证ISI被抑制,通讯领域专家开发出了多种原型滤波器,保证信号鲁棒性和有效性和可实现性。比如MB-OFDM UWB信道是一种典型的多径信道,接收机方案中采用频域均衡来补偿信道的各种失真;公布号CN109633697A公开的《一种多载波信号的多径抑制方法》,给出了另外一种抑制多径分量的方法。
但是多径信道除了造成ISI和信号失真之外,多径分量也可以被利用, 比如公布号CN109669176A公开的《基于无线电多径测量户型的方法、装置及存储介质》。公布号CN109669176A文件方案中描述,根据AP接收到同一客户端发送的信号的信道状态和返回时间信息,获取所述信号到达所述AP时所经过的每一条路径的路径信息(包括到达角和路径长度)。进一步实现对和户型测量。
波达方向(DOA,Direction of Arrival)、波达时间差(TDOA,Time Difference of Arrival)(根据语境或用“传播时间差”、“到达时间差”描述TDOA)、波达时间(TOA,Time of Arrival)技术在雷达和定位系统中得到应用,公开号CN109743777A文件公开的《一种定位方法、装置、电子设备及可读存储介质》方案中描述,分别计算个测量基站发射信号到达UE的时间与基准基站发射的信号到达UE的TDOA值,根据各测量基站和基准站的三维坐标和各TDOA值以及其他辅助参数求解UE的坐标。
上述两份申请文件中目标非常明确,公开号CN109669176A方案采用多径分量的方法实现户型测绘,而公开号CN109743777A文件利用DOA和TDOA实现定位;上述两份申请文件相同之处是都明确表述采用到了测量基站到UE一条或者多路径的到达时间或者到达时间差,但是上述两个文件都没有给出DOA和TDOA的测量方法。
发明内容
针对现有的在室内可用高精度定位导航信号的上述问题,现提供一种旨在实现解决室内高精度定位信号问题的方法及系统。
具体技术方案如下:
一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法,其中,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及所述可用信源坐标;
步骤S2、获取移动终端到所述可用信源的距离;
步骤S3、基于所述距离获取所述移动终端当前的坐标;
步骤S4、所述移动终端基于所述坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示;
步骤S5、基于所述可用信源以及所述移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练。
优选的,在所述步骤S1中,所述移动终端确定所述可用信源以及所述 可用信源坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
S101、于室内周边搜索所述可用信源;
S102、使用已知通讯协议进行测试是否匹配到已知协议;
若是,执行步骤S104;
若否,执行步骤S103;
S103、评估未知协议的协议参数,并返回步骤S102;
S104、将获取的所述可用信源的编号、信道参数加入到可用信源列表;
S105、继续判断GNSS信号(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System,全球导航卫星系统)是否可用;
若是,执行步骤S106;
若否,执行步骤S109;
S106、测定自身位置坐标;
S107、判断是否能正常取得位置坐标;
若是,执行步骤S108;
若否,执行步骤S110;
S108、搜索所述可用信源,并测定所述移动终端到所述可用信源的伪距;
S109、判断是否满足计算所述可用信源坐标的条件;
若是,执行步骤S111;
若否,执行步骤S110;
S110、延迟N秒,返回步骤S105;
S111、计算获得所述可用信源坐标;
S112、将所述可用信源坐标写入坐标数据库以及所述电子地图中;
S113、移动移动终端进入下一所述可用信源坐标的测量。
优选的,在所述步骤S2中,包括以下步骤:
S201、接收无线电信号,分离得到1个时隙的1个载频的信号,通过下式计算获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000001
其中,a (k,l)多径衰减系数,具体表示第l个子载波的第k路多径分量的衰减系数;
T l为第l个子载波第0路多径分量传播时间,或记作T (0,l)
τ (k,l)表示以T l为基准第l个子载波的第k路多径分量的时延,即TDOA;
低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,同一个子载波所有多径分量的频率相同,第l个子载波的频率为f (l)
S202、构建K个载波跟踪函数,如下式所示:
s k(t)=p (k)exp[i2πf (k)t+θ (k)];
其中,p (k)是路径时延t (k)上路径衰弱的相对功率;
f (k)是载波频率;
s(t)是接收到达信号;
s k(t)是第k路多径分量;
θ (k)是相位偏差;
p (k)是固定时延参量t (0)和附加时延参量t (k)的函数;
S203、测量可观测值ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
S204、正弦曲线拟合精确求解Δφ (j)
S205、有限元逼近法求解整周模糊度N (j)
S206、求解移动终端到可用信源j的距离,通过下式求解获得:
d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j));
其中,N (j)为相位整周数;
ΔN (j)是首次测量之后累计变化整周数;
Δφ (j)为不足一周的部分;
N (j)是未知数;
实际观察到的值是ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000002
被称为理论相位差,N (j)被称为“整周模糊相位”;
当求解第l个子载波第k路多径分量的传播距离时,通过下式求解获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000003
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000004
为第l个子载波第k个路径分量相位整周数;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000005
是首次测量之后第l个子载波第k个路多径分量累计变化整周数;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000006
为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量不足一周的部分;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000007
是未知数;
第l个子载波第k个路多径分量实际观察到的值是
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000009
被称为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量的理论相位差,
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000010
被称为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量的“整周模糊相位”;
S207、求解所述可用信源j到所述移动终端的传播时间TOA,通过下式求解获得:
t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c;
其中,λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长,t传播时间即TOA,c表示光速。
优选的,在所述步骤S3中,获取所述移动终端的坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
S301、获取所述可用信源列表,包括每个所述可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数;
S302、当根据区域信道条件判断使用多信源定位时,设定可用信源编号j=0;
S303、取所述可用信源j的参数,包括信源编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率;
S304、接收所述可用信源j的信号s(t),求解所述移动终端到该信源距离d (j),j=j+1;
S305、判断信源数量是否满足j>3,j取任意大于3的整数;
如条件成立执行步骤S306;
如件不成立执行步骤S303;
S306、利用所述移动终端到所述可用信源的一组伪距d (j),计算所述移动终端坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
优选的,在所述步骤S3中,获取所述移动终端的坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
S3001、获取所述可用信源列表,包括每个所述可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数;
S3002、当根据区域信道条件判断使用单一信源定位时设定信源编号j=0;
S3003、取所述可用信源j的参数,包括信源ID、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道参数;
S3004、接收所述可用信源j的第l个子载波信号,求解第l个子载波的所有k路多径距离
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000011
重复求解所有l个子载波的多径距离
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000012
S3005、利用所述可用信源j和所述移动终端多径距离
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000013
和所述可用信源j坐标、信道参数计算所述移动终端坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
优选的,在所述步骤S5中,还包括以下步骤:
S51、以所述可用信源和所述移动终端的坐标为索引建立信道环境指纹数据库;
S52、以TOA或者TDOA大到小或小到大为序排列为波达向量,并保存到信道环境指纹数据库;
S53、用波达向量训练信道环境指纹分析引擎;
S54、更新信道环境指纹知识库;
S55、利用信道环境指纹知识库和信道环境指纹分析引擎计算所述移动终端坐标。
还包括一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统,其中包括:
端信号处理与信源资源管理单元,用以于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及所述可用信源坐标;
距离计算单元,用以计算获取移动终端到所述可用信源的距离;
坐标计算单元,用以基于所述距离获取所述移动终端当前的坐标,以及基于所述可用信源以及所述移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练;
位置服务资源管理单元,用以基于所述坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示。
优选的,所述端信号处理与信源资源管理单元包括:
信号收发模块,用以实现模数/数模转换、调制解调、编码解码功能;
频谱感知自适应数字滤波模块,用于搜索感知无线电频谱,提取载波频率和相位;
信源锁定模块,用以向所述距离计算单元输出所述可用信源的信号;
信源搜索模块,用以搜索在所述移动终端当前位置周围的所述可用信源;
空闲信道选择模块,用以发送测距信号对当前的所述移动终端进行定位。
优选的,所述距离计算单元包括:
多径分量分离模块,用以以1个时隙为单位获取1个子载波信号,并将信号分解出K路多径分量,所述可用信源发出的信号经过多径传播,接收端接收到的信号如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000014
其中,a (k,l)多径衰减系数;
T l为第l个子载波第0路多径分量传播时间,或记作T (0,l)
τ (k,l)表示以T l为基准第l个的第k路多径分量的时延,即TDOA;
在低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,同一个子载波所有多径分量的频率相同,第l个子载波的频率为f (l)
子载波信号跟踪模块,用以构建K个载波跟踪函数重构第0到k-1路多径分量,具体如下式所示:
s k(t)=p (k)exp[i2πf (k)t+θ (k)];
其中,p (k)是路径时延t (k)上路径衰弱的相对功率;
f (k)是载波频率;
s(t)是接收到达信号;
s k(t)是第k路多径分量;
θ (k)是相位偏差;
p (k)是固定时延参量t (0)和附加时延参量t (k)的函数;
相位跟踪锁定模块,用以建立一个锁相环,将所述多径分量分离模块分离出的第0路信号为路径最短信号,锁定该信号的初始相位φ opt
精准相位测量模块,用以求解θ (k),检测第k路多径分量相位,与初始相位φ opt比较,得到观测相位差;
距离和时间计算模块,用以根据相位求解距离以及时间,所述移动终端至所述可用信源的相位差通过下式计算获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000015
其中,N (j)为相位整周数;
ΔN (j)是首次测量之后累计变化整周数;
Δφ (j)为不足一周的部分;
N (j)是未知数;
实际观察到的值是ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
实际观测值ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)被称为“观测相位差”;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000016
被称为理论相位差,N (j)被称为“整周模糊相位”;
所述移动终端至所述可用信源之间的距离以及传播时间通过下式计算获得:
d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j));
t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c;
其中,d (j)表示移动终端到可用信源的距离;
λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长,t传播时间即TOA,c表示光速。
优选的,所述坐标计算单元包括:
信源坐标计算模块,用以检测每个所述可用信源坐标;
信道环境指纹分析引擎,用以利用信号的多径分量TOA或者TDOA构造“波达向量”用于描述信道特征,并用于计算所述移动终端的坐标;
终端坐标计算模块,用以利用所述距离与时间计算模块输出的所述移动终端到一个或者多个信源的一组TOA或者TDOA,计算所述移动终端所在位置的坐标。
优选的,所述位置服务资源管理单元包括:
信道环境指纹数据库信道环境指纹知识库,用以保存信道环境指纹数据和信道环境指纹分析引擎的环境指纹知识;
地图访问中间件模块,用以实现所述移动终端与云端位置服务资源之间数据的交互,从云端资源获取本地资源,上传所述移动终端测量和定位数据;
地图引擎与位置服务模块,用以为所述移动终端提供服务资源数据,包括地图数据和基于位置服务的数据。
上述技术方案的有益效果是:对移动终端与可用信源之间的伪距离测量精度高,理论距离测量精度优于10 -5定位信号波长;
实现优于10 -2纳秒时间精度测量,满足优于10 -2米精度定位的需求;实现室内三维坐标定位,定位精度优于10 -2米;
采用公开可见基站和公开可见无线电信号,如LBS、WiFi、WiMAX、FM、ZigBee等固定基站信号实现定位,不需要基站所有者的访问授权,不增加基础设施建设投入和能耗,不加运营成本负担;
移动终端即主流配置的手机可用,用户手机不需要增加辅助设备。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法的实施例的流程示意图;
图2为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法的实施例中,关于获取可用信源以及可用信源坐标的流程示意图;
图3为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法的实施例中,关于获取移动终端至可用信源之间距离的方法的流程示意图;
图4为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法及系统的实施例中,关于使用多信源定位的方法的流程示意图;
图5为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法的实施例中,关于使用单一信源定位的方法的流程示意图;
图6为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法的实施例中,关于信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练方法的流程示意图;
图7为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位系统的实施例的结构示意图;
图8为本发明的一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位系统的另一实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记表示:
1、端信号处理与信源资源管理单元;2、距离计算单元;3、坐标计算单元;4、位置服务资源管理单元;
11、信号收发模块;12、频谱感知自适应数字滤波模块;13、信源锁定模块;14、信源搜索模块;15、空闲信道选择模块;
21、多径分量分离模块;22、子载波信号跟踪模块;23、相位跟踪锁定模块;24、精准相位测量模块;25、距离和时间计算模块;
31、信源坐标计算模块;32、信道环境指纹分析引擎;33、终端坐标计算模块;
41、信道环境指纹数据库信道环境指纹知识库;42、地图访问中间件模块;43、地图引擎与位置服务模块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为本发明的限定。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的前提下,以下描述的实施例以及实施例中的技术特征可以相互组合。
本发明的技术方案中提供一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法。
如图1所示,一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法的实施例,其中,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及可用信源坐标;
步骤S2、获取移动终端到可用信源的距离;
步骤S3、基于距离获取移动终端当前的坐标;
步骤S4、移动终端基于坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示;
步骤S5、基于可用信源以及移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练。
上述技术方案中,可通过移动终端和可用信源之间的配合,执行上述步骤S1-S5,其解决的问题是利用公共可见信源在不使用授权许可、不增加通讯负担的条件下实现高精度室内定位。
在一种较优的实施方式中,如图2所示,在步骤S1中,移动终端确定 可用信源以及可用信源坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
需要说明的是,室内条件下GNSS不可用,通过LBS基站、WiFi等基站实现高精度定位的前提条件是测定可以用作定位信号源基站高精度坐标。实现这个目标第一步要发现周边可用信源;
S101、首先加载无线电授权许可列表和已知通讯协议到信源搜索模块,于室内周边搜索可用信源(具体包括LBS基站、WiFi基站、WiMax基站、蓝牙基站、LoRa基站、ZigBee基站等,FM、GPS、BDS等所有可见信号源(固定基站));
S102、使用已知通讯协议进行测试是否匹配到已知协议;
若是,执行步骤S104;
若否,执行步骤S103;
S103、评估未知协议的协议参数(其具体评估方法可采用多频带盲采样算法对未知协议的参数进行预测),并返回步骤S102;
S104、将获取的可用信源的编号、信道参数加入到可用信源列表;
上述步骤S101-S104,用以获取可用信源,并将获取的可用信源加入到可用信源列表,在获取了可用信源之后,需要测定信源坐标,借助部分信源室内室外均可见的特性,先利用GNSS测定室外可见的室内基站,逐级测定室内基站,具体如下所示:
S105、路测模块开启,继续判断GNSS信号是否可用;
若是,执行步骤S106;
若否,执行步骤S109;
S106、路测接收机测定自身位置坐标;
S107、判断路测接收机是否正常取得位置坐标;
若是,执行步骤S108;
若否,执行步骤S109;
S108、搜索所述可用信源,并测定所述移动终端到所述可用信源的伪距;
S109、判断是否满足计算所述可用信源坐标的条件;
若是,执行步骤S111;
若否,执行步骤S110;
S110、延迟N秒,返回步骤S105;其中,N取为任意大于0的有理数,具体的取值范围为,1≤N≤100);
S111、计算获得所述可用信源坐标;
S112、将所述可用信源坐标写入坐标数据库以及所述电子地图中;
S113、移动移动终端进入下一所述可用信源坐标的测量。
上述技术方案中,采集了可用信源到周边位置坐标和到信源的距离,利用前文“有限元逼近法”求解信源坐标,其他如机器学习方法、最大似然方法等都可以求解。
在一种较优的实施方式中,如图3所示,在步骤S2中,利用精确测定移动终端到信源信号传播相位的方式测量两者之间的距离,相位是时间的函数,工程上所测相位是指某一频率成分在某一时刻的瞬时相位。通过计算相位时间函数的反函数得到相位时间,具体可包括以下步骤:
S201、接收无线电信号,分离得到1个时隙的1个载频的信号,通过下式计算获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000017
其中,a (k,l)多径衰减系数;
T l为第l个子载波第0路多径分量传播时间,也记作T (0,l)
τ (k,l)表示以T l为基准第l个子载波的第k路多径分量的时延,即TDOA;
在低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,同一个子载波所有多径分量的频率相同,第l个子载波的频率为f (l)
S202、构建K个载波跟踪函数,如下式所示:
s k(t)=p (k)exp[i2πf (k)t+θ (k)];
其中,p (k)是路径时延t (k)上路径衰弱的相对功率;
f (k)是载波频率;
s(t)是接收到达信号;
s k(t)是第k路多径分量;
θ (k)是相位偏差;
p (k)是固定时延参量t (0)和附加时延参量t (k)的函数;
S203、测量可观测值ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
S204、正弦曲线拟合精确求解Δφ (j)
S205、有限元逼近法求解整周模糊度N (j)
S206、求解移动终端到可用信源j的距离,通过下式求解获得:
d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j));
其中,N (j)为相位整周数;
ΔN (j)是首次测量之后累计变化整周数;
Δφ (j)为不足一周的部分;
N (j)是未知数;
实际观察到的值是ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000018
被称为理论相位差,N (j)被称为“整周模糊相位”;
在求解第l个子载波第k路多径分量的传播距离时,通过下式求解获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000019
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000020
为第l个子载波第k个路径分量相位整周数;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000021
是首次测量之后第l个子载波第k个路多径分量累计变化整周数;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000022
为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量不足一周的部分;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000023
是未知数;
第l个子载波第k个路多径分量实际观察到的值是
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000025
被称为理论相位差,
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000026
被称为“整周模糊相位”;S207、求解可用信源j到移动终端的传播时间TOA,通过下式求解获得:
t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c;其中,λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长,t传播时间即TOA,c表示光速。
在一种较优的实施方式中,在步骤S3中,上述的可用信源坐标多次可重复使用,计算得到信源坐标后可保存至坐标数据库,计算移动终端的坐标 时直接下载使用。在周边可用信源多于3个时,可以使用多信源坐标计算,不满足多信源条件时可以使用单一信源定位方法。
如图4所示,采用多信源坐标计算获取移动终端的坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
S301、获取可用信源列表,包括每个可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数;
S302、当根据区域信道条件判断使用多信源定位时,设定可用信源编号j=0;
S303、取可用信源j的参数,包括信源编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率;
S304、接收可用信源j的信号s(t),求解移动终端到该信源距离d (j),j=j+1;
S305、判断信源数量是否满足j>3,j取任意大于3的整数,具体取值范围在4≤j≤10;
如条件成立执行步骤S306;
如件不成立执行步骤S303;
S306、利用移动终端到可用信源的一组伪距d (j),计算移动终端坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
在一种较优的实施方式中,如图5所示,在步骤S3中,采用单一信源计算获取移动终端的坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
S3001、获取可用信源列表,包括每个可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数;
S3002、当根据区域信道条件判断使用单一信源定位时设定信源编号j=0;
S3003、取可用信源j的参数,包括信源ID、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道参数;
S3004、接收所述可用信源j的第l个子载波信号,求解第l个子载 波的所有k路多径距离
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000027
重复求解所有l个子载波的多径距离
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000028
S3005、利用多径距离
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000029
和可用信源j坐标、信道参数计算移动终端坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
上述技术方案中,在获取可用信源列表,包括每个可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数等之后,根据区域信道条件判断使用单一信源定位还是使用多信源坐标计算获得移动终端坐标。
在步骤S4中,移动终端上传坐标到云端地图服务引擎,云端将根据移动终端的行为和位置推送信息到移动终端并显示在屏幕上。
以下以一种具体实施方式进行说明,在技术侦测中,进行实时定位的方法步骤如下,我们假设移动终端为技侦终端,可用信源为被侦测终端发出的信号;
技侦终端识别被侦测终端身份和信号,确定被侦测终端使用的信道。
技侦终端接收被侦测终端一个或多个子载波信号。
多径分量测距法测量被侦测终端到侦测终端的伪距。
技侦终端测定自己的坐标。
根据技侦终端坐标和多径传播距离,计算被侦测终端坐标。
移动技侦终端,变更技侦终端坐标,重复以上步骤优化测量结果。
指示被侦测终端所在方向和距离,在地图上显示被定位终端位置。
上述实施例中,能够有效克服被侦测终端所在区域信道条件复杂的问题,能够准确的指示被侦测终端即被测目标所在方位,为公检法等机构定位到个体目标。
在一种较优的实施方式中,如图6所示,在步骤S5中,还包括以下步骤:
S51、以可用信源和移动终端的坐标为索引建立信道环境指纹数据库;
S52、以TOA或者TDOA大到小或小到大为序排列为波达向量,并保存到信道环境指纹数据库;
S53、用波达向量训练信道环境指纹分析引擎;
S54、更新信道环境指纹知识库;
S55、利用信道环境指纹知识库和信道环境指纹分析引擎计算移动终端坐标。
本发明的技术方案中还包括一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位系统。
如图7所示,一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位系统的实施例,其中,包括:
端信号处理与信源资源管理单元,用以于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及可用信源坐标;
距离计算单元,用以计算获取移动终端到可用信源的距离;
坐标计算单元,用以基于距离获取移动终端当前的坐标,以及基于可用信源以及移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练;
位置服务资源管理单元,用以基于坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示。
上述技术方案中,各单元可形成于一移动终端中,通过移动终端与可用信源之间的配合,可有效的解决利用公共可见信源在不使用授权许可、不增加通讯负担的条件下实现高精度室内定位。
在一种较优的实施方式中,端信号处理与信源资源管理单元主要实现无线电信号收发基本功能和可用信源、信道、载波子载波的检测和认知,管理可用信道/信号资源,接收和发送信号,如图8所示,其具体包括:
信号收发模块,由软件无线电方法实现的数字信号接发模块,用以实现模数/数模转换、调制解调、编码解码功能由天线、DSP/FPGA等硬件和软件构成;
频谱感知自适应数字滤波模块,由软件方法实现的参数可调节滤波器,用于搜索感知无线电频谱,提取载波频率和相位;
信源锁定模块,用以向距离计算单元输出可用信源的信号,用于计算移动终端到可用信源的距离,选择规则由信源锁定模块维护管理。;
信源搜索模块,用以搜索在移动终端当前位置周围的可用信源,作为定位信源的可用信源必须具有固定位置、可识别的ID和稳定的信号,信源搜索模块发现这些信号源并识别其ID、频谱、协议等无线电特性参数;
空闲信道选择模块,移动终端在自定位过程用以发送测距信号,使用可见信源,如WiFi的空闲信道或者使用手机信号用手机的空闲信道发射测距 信号,对当前的移动终端进行定位。
在一种较优的实施方式中,距离计算单元实现移动终端到可用信源的高精度测距,通过分离多径分量并对多径分量波达相位差进行测量,实现高精度测距,具体包括:
多径分量分离模块,用以以1个时隙为单位获取子载波信号,并将信号分解出K路多径分量,可用信源发出的信号经过多径传播,接收端(可为移动终端)接收到的信号如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000030
其中,a (k,l)多径衰减系数;
T l为第l个子载波的第0路多径分量的传播时间;
低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,τ (k,l)表示以T l为基准第l个子载波的第k路多径分量的时延,即TDOA;
在低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,同一个子载波所有多径分量的频率相同,第l个子载波的频率为f (l)
需要说明的是,目前用于分离多径分量的方法常用的由Gabor方法、小波展开法、自相关法、神经网络分离法、机器学习法等;
子载波信号跟踪模块,用以构建K个载波跟踪函数重构第0到k-1路多径分量,具体如下式所示:
s k(t)=p (k)exp[i2πf (k)t+θ (k)];
其中,p (k)是路径时延t (k)上路径衰弱的相对功率;
f (k)是载波频率;
s(t)是接收到达信号;
s k(t)是第k路多径分量;
θ (k)是相位偏差;
p (k)是固定时延参量t (0)和附加时延参量t (k)的函数;
相位跟踪锁定模块,用以建立一个锁相环,将多径分量分离模块分离出的第0路信号为路径最短信号,锁定该信号的初始相位φ opt
精准相位测量模块,用以求解θ (k),检测第k路多径分量相位,与初始 相位φ opt比较,得到观测相位差;
需要说明的是,上述可用的求解方法包括相关法、希尔伯特变换法等,本发明应用“加细函数”改良的“正弦曲线拟合”方法求解多径分量相位差。“正弦曲线拟合”为该领域技术人员熟知的函数,此处不再赘述,经过加细函数改良之后测相精度和测量效率进一步提高。
距离和时间计算模块,用以根据相位求解距离以及信号传播时间,移动终端至可用信源的相位差通过下式计算获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000031
其中,N (j)为相位整周数;
ΔN (j)是首次测量之后累计变化整周数;
Δφ (j)为不足一周的部分;
N (j)是未知数;
实际观察到的值是ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
实际观测值ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)被称为“观测相位差”;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000032
被称为理论相位差,N (j)被称为“整周模糊相位”;
移动终端至可用信源之间的距离以及时间差通过下式计算获得:
d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j));
t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c;
其中,d (j)表示移动终端到可用信源的距离;
λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长,t传播时间即TOA,c表示光速。
当求解第l个子载波第k路多径分量的传播距离时,通过下式求解获得:
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000033
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000034
为第l个子载波第k个路径分量相位整周数;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000035
是首次测量之后第l个子载波第k个路多径分量累计变化整周数;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000036
为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量不足一周的部分;
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000037
是未知数;
第l个子载波第k个路多径分量实际观察到的值是
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000039
被称为理论相位差,
Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-000040
被称为“整周模糊相位”。
上述技术方案中,求解过程分为三步,具体如下:
第一步求解“整周模糊相位”N (j),室内环境下,移动终端与信源距离有限,本发明给出一个“有限元逼近法”。
首先将目标空域切分成B×W×H个边长为定位波长λ (j)的立方体并编号,计算立方体到信源的距离使之满足由观察值构成的方程,根据马尔可夫和贝叶斯模型滤除干扰解,得到N (j)值。计算过程可以用先验信息和机器学习模型进行优化,例如利用信道环境指纹分析引擎107进行快速计算N (j)值。
第二步求解,精确求解相位差,由“精准相位检测模块”执行上述检测方法。
第三步计算移动终端到可用信源距离,频率和时间是与“相位”关联的物理量;
具体计算公式如下:
d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)),
t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c,
式中d (j)表示移动终端到可用信源j的距离,λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长,t传播时间差,c表示光速。带入各值求出传播距离d (j)和传播时间t。时变条件下由于多普勒效应的存在,使得同一个信源同一子载波信号也会存在频率偏差和传播时间偏差。
一般信道条件下第0条到达路径信号为最短波达路径,波达方向DOA为目标所在方向。复杂信道条件下,第一波达信号可能是反射或者衍射信号。多径定位算法不受影响。
在一种较优的实施方式中,坐标计算单元包括:
信源坐标计算模块,用以检测每个可用信源坐标,测量过程需要先利用户外GNSS确定室外可见信源坐标,由室内可见的室外信源坐标逐级优化室外 不可见信源坐标;
具体信源坐标计算模块执行的计算方法如下:
路测装置首先利用GNSS确定自身的精确坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
GNSS不可用的时候检测是由已经测定坐标的可用信源,逐级测定;
路测装置识别可用信源j,测量信源j到路测装置s的距离Δt (s,j)
变换路测装置的位置,重复以上步骤,获得多次坐标和距离观测值;
路测装置坐标和距离观测值上传到网络中心或者在本地,以计算获得可用信源坐标。
需要说明的是计算方法采用公知的几何测量法,或者采用本发明前文“有限元逼近法”,在指定位置空域划分有限元空间进行多步逼近计算。得到可用信源j的三维坐标。信源j坐标在地图(地图数据库)上标注备用。
信道环境指纹分析引擎,用以利用信号的多径分量传播时间TOA或传播时间差TDOA构造“波达向量”用于描述信道特征,并用于计算移动终端的坐标,具体计算方法如下:
将TOA或者TDOA按照顺序/反顺序排列成“波达向量”,用波达向量训练信道环境指纹分析引擎,得到信道环境指纹知识库。使用信道环境指纹分析引擎和信道环境指纹知识可以用于大粒度计算移动终端坐标,用于优化“有限元逼近法”快速计算N (j)值。
终端坐标计算模块,用以利用距离与时间计算模块105输出的移动终端到1个或者多个信源的一组TOA或者TDOA,计算移动终端所在位置的坐标,具体计算方法如下:
可用信源坐标确定,利用4个或4个以上信源可以实现精确定位,可用信源数不足4个,在信道环境确定的情况下可利用计算1个子载波多径信号传播时间TOA或者传播时间差TDOA、重复计算多个子载波实现移动终端定位计算或者利用信道环境指纹分析引擎实现移动终端定位计算。
计算和测量结果更新到地图数据库,每个子载波的波达向量保存到信道环境数据,并用来训练信道环境指纹分析引擎,生成信道环境指纹。
在一种较优的实施方式中,位置服务资源管理单元包括:
信道环境指纹数据库信道环境指纹知识库,用以保存信道环境指纹数据和信道环境指纹分析引擎的环境指纹知识;
地图访问中间件模块,用以实现移动终端与云端位置服务资源之间数据的交互,从云端资源获取本地资源,上传移动终端测量和定位数据;
地图引擎与位置服务模块,用以为移动终端提供服务资源数据,包括地图数据和基于位置服务的数据。
以下以一种具体实施方式进行说明,基于信号相位时间测量方法可以测量所有多径分量由定位信源到移动终端的距离,本实施例中给出单一信源利用多径分量传播定位移动终端的流程,具体如下:
移动终端搜索周边可用信源,识别信源编号,获取信源坐标,获取移动终端所在位置范围和信道环境参数。
移动终端接收信源信号,计算移动终端到可用信源的多径距离。
应用信道环境数据库,计算移动终端的当前位置。
将相对位置转换成为地图坐标。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的实施方式及保护范围,对于本领域技术人员而言,应当能够意识到凡运用本发明说明书及图示内容所作出的等同替换和显而易见的变化所得到的方案,均应当包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1、于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及所述可用信源坐标;
    S2、获取移动终端到所述可用信源的距离;
    S3、基于所述距离获取所述移动终端当前的坐标;
    S4、所述移动终端基于所述坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示;
    S5、基于所述可用信源以及所述移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的室内定位方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S1中,所述移动终端确定所述可用信源以及所述可用信源坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
    S101、于室内周边搜索所述可用信源;
    S102、使用已知通讯协议进行测试是否匹配到已知协议;
    若是,执行步骤S104;
    若否,执行步骤S103;
    S103、评估未知协议的协议参数,并返回步骤S102;
    S104、将获取的所述可用信源的编号、信道参数加入到可用信源列表;
    S105、继续判断GNSS信号是否可用;
    若是,执行步骤S106;
    若否,执行步骤S109;
    S106、测定自身位置坐标;
    S107、判断是否能正常取得位置坐标;
    若是,执行步骤S108;
    若否,执行步骤S110;
    S108、搜索所述可用信源,并测定所述移动终端到所述可用信源的伪距;
    S109、判断是否满足计算所述可用信源坐标的条件;
    若是,执行步骤S111;
    若否,执行步骤S110;
    S110、延迟N秒,返回步骤S105;
    S111、计算获得所述可用信源坐标;
    S112、将所述可用信源坐标写入坐标数据库以及所述电子地图中;
    S113、移动移动终端进入下一所述可用信源坐标的测量。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的室内定位方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S2中,包括以下步骤:
    S201、接收无线电信号,分离得到1个时隙1个子载波的信号,通过下式计算获得:
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100001
    其中,a (k,l)多径衰减系数,具体表示第l个子载波的第k路多径分量的衰减系数;
    T l为第l个子载波第0路多径分量传播时间,或记作T (0,l)
    τ (k,l)表示以T l为基准第l个子载波的第k路多径分量相对第0路多径分量的时延,即TDOA;
    在低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,同一个子载波所有多径分量的频率相同,第l个子载波的频率为f (l)
    S202、构建K个载波跟踪函数,如下式所示:
    s k(t)=p (k)exp[i2πf (k)t+θ (k)];
    其中,p (k)是路径时延t (k)上路径衰弱的相对功率;
    f (k)是载波频率;
    s(t)是接收到达信号;
    s k(t)是第k路多径分量;
    θ (k)是相位偏差;
    p (k)是固定时延参量t (0)和附加时延参量t (k)的函数;
    S203、测量可观测值ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
    S204、正弦曲线拟合精确求解Δφ (j)
    S205、有限元逼近法求解整周模糊度N (j)
    S206、求解所述移动终端到所述可用信源j的距离,通过下式求解获得:
    d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j));
    其中,N (j)为相位整周数;
    ΔN (j)是首次测量之后累计变化整周数;
    Δφ (j)为不足一周的部分;
    N (j)是未知数;
    实际观察到的值是ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100002
    被称为理论相位差,N (j)被称为“整周模糊相位”;
    当求解第l个子载波第k路多径分量的传播距离时,通过下式求解获得:
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100003
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100004
    为第l个子载波第k个路径分量相位整周数;
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100005
    是首次测量之后第l个子载波第k个路多径分量累计变化整周数;
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100006
    为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量不足一周的部分;
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100007
    是未知数;
    第l个子载波第k个路多径分量实际观察到的值是
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100009
    被称为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量的理论相位差,
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100010
    被称为第l个子载波第k个路多径分量的“整周模糊相位”;
    S207、求解所述可用信源j到所述移动终端的传播时间,通过下式求解获得:
    t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c;其中,λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长, t传播时间即TOA,c表示光速。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的室内定位方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S3中,获取所述移动终端的坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
    S301、获取所述可用信源列表,包括每个所述可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数;
    S302、当根据区域信道条件判断使用多信源定位时,设定可用信源编号j=0;
    S303、取所述可用信源j的参数,包括信源编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率;
    S304、接收所述可用信源j的信号s(t),求解所述移动终端到该信源距离d (j),j=j+1;
    S305、判断信源数量是否满足j>3;j取任意大于3的整数;
    如条件成立执行步骤S306;
    如件不成立执行步骤S303;
    S306、利用所述移动终端到所述可用信源的一组伪距d(j),计算所述移动终端坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的室内定位方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S3中,获取所述移动终端的坐标的方法包括以下步骤:
    S3001、获取所述可用信源列表,包括每个所述可用信源的编号、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道环境参数;
    S3002、当根据区域信道条件判断使用单一信源定位时设定信源编号j=0;
    S3003、取所述可用信源j的参数,包括信源ID、三维坐标、信源协议、信号频率,信道参数;
    S3004、接收所述可用信源j的第l个子载波信号,求解第l个子载 波的所有k路多径距离
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100011
    重复求解所有l个子载波的多径距离
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100012
    S3005、利用多径距离
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100013
    和所述可用信源j坐标、信道参数计算所述移动终端坐标Q (t,x,t,z)
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的室内定位方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S5中,还包括以下步骤:
    S51、以所述可用信源和所述移动终端的坐标为索引建立信道环境指纹数据库;
    S52、以TOA或者TDOA大到小或小到大为序排列为波达向量,并保存到信道环境指纹数据库;
    S53、用波达向量训练信道环境指纹分析引擎;
    S54、更新信道环境指纹知识库;
    S55、利用信道环境指纹知识库和信道环境指纹分析引擎计算所述移动终端坐标。
  7. 一种基于信号多径传播测量的室内定位系统,其特征在于,包括:
    端信号处理与信源资源管理单元,用以于室内的多个信源中确定可用信源以及所述可用信源坐标;
    距离计算单元,用以计算获取移动终端到所述可用信源的距离;
    坐标计算单元,用以基于所述距离获取所述移动终端当前的坐标,以及基于所述可用信源以及所述移动终端的坐标执行信道环境指纹分析引擎的训练;
    位置服务资源管理单元,用以基于所述坐标在电子地图上执行定位显示。
  8. 根据权利7所述的室内定位系统,其特征在于,所述端信号处理与信源资源管理单元包括:
    信号收发模块,用以实现模数/数模转换、调制解调、编码解码功能;
    频谱感知自适应数字滤波模块,用于搜索感知无线电频谱,提取载波频率和相位;
    信源锁定模块,用以向所述距离计算单元输出所述可用信源的信号;
    信源搜索模块,用以搜索在所述移动终端当前位置周围的所述可用信源;
    空闲信道选择模块,用以发送测距信号对当前的所述移动终端进行定位。
  9. 根据权利7所述的室内定位系统,其特征在于,所述距离计算单元包括:
    多径分量分离模块,用以以1个时隙为单位获取1个子载波信号,并将信号分解出K路多径分量,所述可用信源发出的信号经过多径传播,接收端接收到的信号如下式所示:
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100014
    其中,a (k,l)多径衰减系数;
    T l为第l个子载波第0路信号传播时间,或记作T (0,l)
    τ (k,l)表示以T l为基准第l个子载波的第k路多径分量的时延,即TDOA;
    在低速短距离忽略多普勒频移条件下,同一个子载波所有多径分量的频率相同,第l个子载波的频率为f (l)
    子载波信号跟踪模块,用以构建K个载波跟踪函数重构第0到k-1路多径分量,具体如下式所示:
    s k(t)=p (k)exp[i2πf (k)t+θ (k)];
    其中,p (k)是路径时延t (k)上路径衰弱的相对功率;
    f (k)是载波频率;
    s(t)是接收到达信号;
    s k(t)是第k路多径分量;
    θ (k)是相位偏差;
    p (k)是固定时延参量t (0)和附加时延参量t (k)的函数;
    相位跟踪锁定模块,用以建立一个锁相环,将所述多径分量分离模块分离出的第0路信号为路径最短信号,锁定该信号的初始相位φ opt
    精准相位测量模块,用以求解θ (k),检测第k路多径分量相位,与初始相位φ opt比较,得到观测相位差;
    距离和时间计算模块,用以根据相位求解距离以及时间,所述移动终端至所述可用信源的相位差通过下式计算获得:
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100015
    其中,N (j)为相位整周数;
    ΔN (j)是首次测量之后累计变化整周数;
    Δφ (j)为不足一周的部分;
    N (j)是未知数;
    实际观察到的值是ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)
    实际观测值ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)被称为“观测相位差”;
    Figure PCTCN2019096105-appb-100016
    被称为理论相位差,N (j)被称为“整周模糊相位”;
    所述移动终端至所述可用信源之间的距离以及传播时间通过下式计算获得:
    d (j)=λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j));
    t=(λ (j)(N (j)+ΔN (j)+Δφ (j)))/c;
    其中,d (j)表示移动终端到可用信源的距离;
    λ (j)表示信源子载波的波长,t传播时间即TOA,c表示光速。
  10. 根据权利9所述的室内定位系统,其特征在于,所述坐标计算单元包括:
    信源坐标计算模块,用以检测每个所述可用信源坐标;
    信道环境指纹分析引擎,用以利用信号的多径分量传播时间TOA或传播时间差TDOA构造“波达向量”用于描述信道特征,并用于计算所述移动终端的坐标;
    终端坐标计算模块,用以利用所述距离与时间计算模块输出的所述移动终端到一个或者多个信源的一组TOA或TDOA,计算所述移动终端所在位置的坐标。
  11. 根据权利7所述的室内定位系统,其特征在于,所述位置服务资源 管理单元包括:
    信道环境指纹数据库信道环境指纹知识库,用以保存信道环境指纹数据和信道环境指纹分析引擎的环境指纹知识;
    地图访问中间件模块,用以实现所述移动终端与云端位置服务资源之间数据的交互,从云端资源获取本地资源,上传所述移动终端测量和定位数据;
    地图引擎与位置服务模块,用以为所述移动终端提供服务资源数据,包括地图数据和基于位置服务的数据。
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