WO2021000940A1 - 手持式工具 - Google Patents

手持式工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021000940A1
WO2021000940A1 PCT/CN2020/100149 CN2020100149W WO2021000940A1 WO 2021000940 A1 WO2021000940 A1 WO 2021000940A1 CN 2020100149 W CN2020100149 W CN 2020100149W WO 2021000940 A1 WO2021000940 A1 WO 2021000940A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
hand
housing
switch
held tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/100149
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吉绍山
郭树伟
马建英
Original Assignee
苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 filed Critical 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司
Publication of WO2021000940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021000940A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D45/00—Sawing machines or sawing devices with circular saw blades or with friction saw discs
    • B23D45/16—Hand-held sawing devices with circular saw blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B23/00—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor
    • B24B23/02—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor with rotating grinding tools; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001—Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/02—Construction of casings, bodies or handles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hand-held tool.
  • Traditional hand-held tools such as hand-held electric circular saws, usually include a saw blade used to process the workpiece, and a motor used to drive the saw blade.
  • the output shaft of the motor is usually perpendicular to the saw blade.
  • the main handle is used during operation. The middle is for the operator to hold.
  • the main handle is set vertically with the motor.
  • This kind of electric circular saw includes a base plate, a fixed guard and a movable guard.
  • the fixed guard is located on the upper part of the base, and the upper part of the saw blade is retracted at any time.
  • the movable shield is located under the bottom plate. When working, the movable shield can rotate to expose the lower part of the saw blade.
  • the disadvantage of this traditional electric circular saw is that it is relatively large and awkward, and it processes some relatively small and thin workpieces. It's not very applicable when it is.
  • the patent application No. 200920037895.0 filed by the applicant on February 6, 2009 discloses a portable circular saw.
  • the portable circular saw includes: a motor; a saw blade; a transmission mechanism between the motor and the saw blade for transmitting power; a housing, the housing includes a housing front and a housing rear; the housing front is used to accommodate The transmission mechanism and at least part of the saw blade, the rear of the housing is used to house the motor; a shield mounted on the front of the housing, the shield includes a bottom of the shield, the bottom of the shield is provided with an opening for the saw blade to pass through Expose to process the workpiece, the shield is movable from the first position to the second position relative to the housing. When the shield is in the first position, the saw blade is not exposed to the opening.
  • the saw blade When the shield is in the second position, The saw blade is at least partially exposed in the opening for cutting the workpiece.
  • the rear of the housing is also used as the operator's handle. During the operation, the operator holds the rear of the housing to move the portable electric circular saw, which can reduce the volume of the whole machine and facilitate cutting of the workpiece.
  • the rear part of the housing especially the position where the switch is set, is almost the same in shape and size, it does not conform to the ergonomic design; and the holding part at the rear of the housing is thick, which is not suitable for long-term operation by the operator .
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hand-held tool with comfortable operation.
  • a hand-held tool including: a motor, the motor has an output shaft; a drive shaft driven by the motor and used for mounting a working head; defining an axis passing through the output shaft Y and the plane perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft is the middle plane;
  • the housing includes a housing front and a housing rear.
  • the housing front is used to house the drive shaft, and the housing rear It includes a connecting part connected with the front part of the housing and a holding part connected with the connecting part; a bottom plate connected with the housing, the bottom plate having an abutting surface for abutting the workpiece; a switch assembly,
  • the switch assembly includes an electronic switch and a switch trigger for triggering the electronic switch.
  • the projection of the electronic switch, the output shaft and the switch trigger on the plane parallel to the middle plane is at least Partially overlapped.
  • the projections of the switch trigger, the electronic switch and the output shaft on the plane parallel to the intermediate plane at least partially overlap, the structure is more compact, the size of the grip part is reduced, and the grip is more comfortable.
  • the projections of the electronic switch and the switch trigger on the bottom plate overlap by more than half.
  • a plane passing through the axis Y of the output shaft and parallel to the axis of the drive shaft is defined as a central plane, and the switch trigger is movably arranged on the housing in a direction perpendicular to the central plane.
  • a plane that passes through the axis Y of the output shaft and is parallel to the axis of the drive shaft is defined as a central plane
  • the switch trigger includes an operating portion
  • the operating portion and the electronic switch are located on the central plane. On both sides.
  • the axis of the output shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft.
  • the switch trigger includes a guide part, one side of the guide part is matched with the rear part of the housing; the other side faces the electronic switch.
  • the switch assembly further includes a lock switch in a first position that prevents the switch trigger from moving from the off position to the on position and a second position that allows the switch trigger to move from the off position to the on position
  • the lock switch is movably arranged on the housing along an axis parallel to the drive shaft.
  • the gripping portion includes a first gripping area and a second gripping area connected to the first gripping area, wherein the first gripping area is held by the mouth of an operator;
  • the width dimension of a holding area is smaller than the width dimension of the second holding area, and the ratio of the width dimension of the first holding area to the width dimension of the second holding area is not less than 0.82.
  • the ratio of the height dimension of the first grip area to the height dimension of the second grip area is not less than 0.89.
  • the gripping portion includes a first gripping area and a second gripping area connected to the first gripping area, wherein the first gripping area is held by the mouth of an operator;
  • the size of a gripping area is 42mm ⁇ 52mm to 45mm ⁇ 62mm; the size of the second gripping area is 48mm ⁇ 59mm to 51mm ⁇ 62mm.
  • the entire length of the handheld tool ranges from 380 to 386 mm.
  • the ratio of the length of the bottom plate in the longitudinal direction to the overall length of the hand-held tool is between 0.53 and 0.55.
  • the motor includes a stator and a rotor coaxially sleeved in the stator, the rotor is fixedly connected to the output shaft; the outer diameter of the stator ranges from 45mm to 48mm, and the outer diameter of the rotor The ratio to the outer diameter of the stator ranges from 0.58 to 0.65, and the ratio of the output power of the motor to the volume is greater than 4.52W/cm3.
  • stator outer diameter ranges from 46 mm to 48 mm, and the ratio of the rotor outer diameter to the stator outer diameter ranges from 0.59 to 0.62.
  • a hand-held tool comprising: a housing; a motor, the motor has an output shaft, the output shaft is rotatably received in the place through the first and second bearings
  • the housing the drive shaft driven by the motor and used to install the working head, a transmission mechanism is provided between the output shaft and the drive shaft, and the first bearing is close to the transmission mechanism;
  • a switch assembly is provided On the housing, the switch assembly includes an electronic switch and a switch trigger for triggering the electronic switch, and the electronic switch is located between the first bearing and the motor.
  • the switch trigger includes a guide part slidingly fitted with the housing, and the guide part is located between the first bearing and the motor.
  • a hand-held tool including: a motor, the motor has an output shaft; a drive shaft driven by the motor and used to install a working head, between the output shaft and A transmission mechanism is provided between the drive shafts; the housing includes a housing front and a housing rear, the housing front is used to accommodate the drive shaft, and the housing rear includes the housing The connecting part connected to the front part of the body, the holding part connected to the connecting part; the bottom plate connected to the housing; the switch assembly is arranged on the housing, the switch assembly includes an electronic switch and a trigger A switch trigger of an electronic switch, the switch trigger includes a guide part matched with the rear part of the housing, and the guide part and the electronic switch are both located between the transmission mechanism and the motor.
  • a hand-held tool includes: a motor having an output shaft; a drive shaft driven by the motor and used for mounting a working head, wherein the axis of the output shaft It is perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft; the housing includes a housing front and a housing rear. The housing front is used to accommodate the drive shaft.
  • a first holding area and a second holding area of different sizes are respectively provided, which is designed in accordance with ergonomics, is comfortable to hold, and is beneficial to the operator for a long time. operating.
  • the ratio of the height dimension of the first holding area to the height dimension of the second holding area is not less than 0.89.
  • the size of the first holding area is 42mm ⁇ 52mm to 45mm ⁇ 62mm; the size of the second holding area is 48mm ⁇ 59mm to 51mm ⁇ 62mm.
  • the size of the first holding area is 43mm ⁇ 59mm.
  • the size of the second holding area is 49mm ⁇ 60mm.
  • the entire length of the handheld tool ranges from 380 to 386 mm.
  • the hand-held tool further includes a bottom plate for abutting the workpiece, and the ratio of the length of the bottom plate in the longitudinal direction to the overall length of the hand-held tool is between 0.53 and 0.55.
  • the ratio of the outer diameter of the motor to the height dimension of the second grip area ranges from 0.74 to 0.78.
  • the working head is a saw blade, and the ratio of the height dimension of the second holding area to the diameter of the saw blade ranges from 0.4 to 0.6.
  • the working head is a saw blade, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the stator to the diameter of the saw blade is in the range of 0.33-0.54.
  • the output shaft is provided with one end close to the working head and the opposite end; the other end of the output shaft is provided with a fan; the rear part of the housing includes a housing for housing the fan
  • the size of the receiving portion is 64mm ⁇ 72mm.
  • the connecting part is provided with a first air inlet
  • the holding part is provided with a second air inlet
  • the receiving part is provided with an air outlet
  • the cold air sucked in by the fan is supplied by the first air inlet.
  • the air inlet and the second air inlet enter and then exit from the air outlet.
  • the second holding area has a side plane parallel to the axis of the output shaft.
  • a hand-held tool includes: a housing; a motor housed in the housing, the motor is used to drive the working head to rotate around the axis of the drive shaft, and the motor It has an output shaft; a shield assembly connected to the housing, the shield assembly including a fixed shield fixedly connected to the housing and a movable shield that rotates around the axis of the drive shaft to expose the saw blade; the The motor includes: a stator and a rotor coaxially sleeved in the stator, the rotor is fixedly connected to the output shaft; the outer diameter of the stator ranges from 45 mm to 48 mm, and the outer diameter of the rotor is connected to the stator The outer diameter ratio ranges from 0.58 to 0.65, and the ratio of the output power of the motor to the volume is greater than 4.52W/cm3.
  • the present invention increases the ratio of the output power to the volume of the hand-held electric tool to more than 4.52W/cm3, so that under the premise that the cost is low and the output power can fully meet the working requirements of the hand-held tool, The comfort is the best. This not only facilitates users to use hand-held electric tools for a long time, is not easy to fatigue, but also improves work efficiency.
  • stator outer diameter ranges from 46 mm to 48 mm, and the ratio of the rotor outer diameter to the stator outer diameter ranges from 0.59 to 0.62.
  • the yoke width of the stator ranges from 3.5 mm to 4 mm.
  • the yoke width of the stator ranges from 3.5 mm to 3.8 mm.
  • the length of the stator along the axial direction of the output shaft is not less than 40 mm.
  • the length of the stator along the axial direction of the output shaft is 45 mm.
  • the diameter of the output shaft is not less than 7.5 mm.
  • the diameter of the output shaft ranges from 7.5 mm to 9 mm.
  • the housing includes a holding portion, the holding portion includes a first holding area, and a second holding area connected to the first holding area, wherein the first holding area is for operation
  • the size of the first grip area is 42mm ⁇ 52mm to 45mm ⁇ 62mm; the size of the second grip area is 48mm ⁇ 59mm to 51mm ⁇ 62mm.
  • a hand-held tool includes: a housing; a motor housed in the housing, the motor is used to drive the working head to rotate around the axis of the drive shaft, and the motor It has an output shaft; a shield assembly connected to the housing, the shield assembly including a fixed shield fixedly connected to the housing and a movable shield that rotates around the axis of the drive shaft to expose the saw blade; the The motor includes: a stator and a rotor coaxially sleeved in the stator, the rotor is fixedly connected with the output shaft; the outer diameter of the stator ranges from 45mm to 48mm, and the yoke width of the stator ranges from 3.5 mm to 4 mm, the ratio of the outer diameter of the rotor to the outer diameter of the stator ranges from 0.58 to 0.65.
  • the present invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention reasonably designs the outer diameter of the stator of the hand-held electric tool; the ratio of the outer diameter of the stator to the rotor and the yoke width, so that the power of the motor can reach a larger value; and it will not affect the grip. The comfort.
  • the stator outer diameter ranges from 46 mm to 48 mm
  • the stator yoke width ranges from 3.5 mm to 3.8 mm
  • the ratio of the rotor outer diameter to the stator outer diameter ranges from 0.6 to 0.65.
  • the outer diameter of the stator is 46 mm
  • the yoke width of the stator is 3.6 mm
  • the ratio of the rotor outer diameter to the stator outer diameter is 0.62.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the hand-held tool disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hand-held tool disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the handheld tool disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along A1-A1 in Fig. 2.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the stator and rotor in the prior art.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial schematic diagram of the hand-held tool disclosed in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along A2-A2 in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 8 is a top view of the hand-held tool disclosed in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 9 are schematic diagrams of the hand-held tool disclosed in FIG. 1 at the minimum cutting position, the common cutting position, and the maximum cutting position.
  • FIG. 12 and 13 are partial three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the hand-held tool shown in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along A3-A3 in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 15 is a partial three-dimensional exploded view of the hand-held tool shown in Fig. 1.
  • the hand-held tool involved in this embodiment is specifically a hand-held electric circular saw.
  • this embodiment is not limited to a hand-held electric saw, and may also be an angle grinder or sander, etc.
  • the hand-held tool 30 includes a housing 32 that includes a housing front 34 and a housing rear 36.
  • the rear portion 36 of the housing extends substantially in a straight line, and includes a connecting portion 38 connected to the front portion 34 of the housing and a holding portion 40 connected to the connecting portion 38.
  • a power cord 41 is usually connected to the rear part 36 of the housing.
  • the power source of the handheld tool 30 is an AC power source, that is, it is powered by an AC power source.
  • the hand-held tool 30 can also be powered by a DC power supply, that is, a battery pack is installed on the hand-held tool 30.
  • the front part of the housing 34 has approximately the same contour as the connecting part 38.
  • the front part of the housing 34 and the connecting part 38 are coaxially connected together during assembly, that is, the front part of the housing 34 and the rear part of the housing 36 are fixedly connected by screws.
  • the front part 34 of the housing and the rear part 36 of the housing can also be one part.
  • the front part 34 of the housing and the rear part 36 of the housing are injection molded parts, and both are composed of half shells.
  • the directional terms such as front, back, left, right, up and down, etc., are relative to the direction of normal use of the hand-held tool.
  • the forward direction of the hand-held tool is defined as Front
  • the direction opposite to the direction of advancement of the hand-held tool is rear and so on.
  • the hand-held tool 30 includes a motor 42 for driving the work head to move.
  • the working head is the saw blade 44
  • the motor 42 is used to drive the saw blade 44 to rotate around the axis X of the drive shaft 46 for processing the workpiece.
  • the saw blade 44 has a saw blade plane.
  • the saw blade 44 is idealized as having an extremely small thickness.
  • the plane on which the saw blade 24 is located is defined as the saw blade plane.
  • the motor 42 has an output shaft 48 and is rotatably arranged in the housing 32 around the axis Y of the output shaft 48. Specifically, both ends of the output shaft 48 are housed in the front part 34 and the rear part 36 of the housing through the first bearing 50 and the second bearing 52 respectively.
  • the first bearing 50 is close to the transmission mechanism.
  • the longitudinally extending axis of the grip 40 is parallel to the axis Y or coincides with the axis Y.
  • the axis Y of the output shaft 48 is perpendicular to the axis X of the drive shaft 46.
  • the axis perpendicular to the axis X and Y is defined as the axis Z (see FIGS. 4 and 7).
  • the motor 42 may be a carbon brush motor, a brushless motor, etc., or correspond to the power source of the hand-held tool 30, and the motor may be an AC motor or a DC motor.
  • a transmission mechanism 54 is provided between the output shaft 48 and the drive shaft 46 of the motor 42 for driving the saw blade 44 with the power of the motor 42 to rotate around the axis X of the drive shaft 46.
  • the transmission mechanism 54 is housed in the front part 34 of the housing, and may be a gear transmission mechanism, of course, it may also be a pulley transmission mechanism.
  • the transmission mechanism 54 is a three-stage gear transmission mechanism, including a drive gear 56a connected to the output shaft 48, a first gear 56b and a second gear 56c arranged on the first transmission shaft 55, The third gear 56d is provided on the second transmission shaft 58 and the fourth gear 56e is provided on the drive shaft 46.
  • the drive gear 56a meshes with the first gear 56b
  • the third gear 52d meshes with the second and fourth gears 56c and 56c. 56e engages.
  • the motor 42 rotates
  • the drive gear 56a drives the first gear 56b to rotate
  • the first transmission shaft 55 drives the second gear 56c to rotate.
  • the second gear 56c drives the third gear 56d to rotate.
  • the third gear 56d drives the fourth gear 56e and the drive shaft 46 to rotate. Therefore, the rotational movement of the motor 42 is transmitted to the rotational movement of the saw blade 44 around the axis X of the drive shaft 46 through the transmission mechanism 54.
  • the output shaft 48 includes a first end 60 on which the drive gear 56 a is installed and a second end 62 away from the first end 60.
  • a fan 64 is installed on the second end 62 of the output shaft 48.
  • the rear portion 36 of the housing further includes a receiving portion 66 for receiving the fan 64, and the holding portion 40 is located between the receiving portion 66 and the connecting portion 38. Referring to FIG. 1, an air outlet 68 is provided in the region of the receiving portion 66 surrounding the fan 64, the connecting portion 38 is provided with a first air inlet 70a, and the holding portion 40 is provided with a second air inlet 70b.
  • the cold air sucked in by the fan 64 enters through the first air inlet 70 a and the second air inlet 70 b and then is discharged from the air outlet 68.
  • Setting the fan 64 at the second end 62 of the output shaft 48 can make the air outlet 68 relatively far away from the operator’s hand or head, so that the wind blown from the air outlet 68 will not be blown to the operator’s hand or The head improves the comfort of operation.
  • the hand-held tool 30 includes a shield assembly that includes a fixed shield 72 fixedly connected to the front portion 34 of the housing and a movable shield 74 that rotates around the axis X of the drive shaft 46.
  • the fixed guard 72 is used to cover the upper part of the saw blade 44
  • the movable guard 74 is used to cover the lower part of the saw blade 44.
  • the fixed shield 72 and the movable shield 74 may completely or incompletely cover the entire saw blade 44 according to different safety requirements.
  • the movable shield 74 rotates around the axis X of the drive shaft 46, so that the lower part of the saw blade 44 is exposed for cutting the workpiece.
  • the movable shield 74 is provided with a handle 76, and the handle 76 is operated to rotate the movable shield 74 around the axis X of the drive shaft 46, so that the lower part of the saw blade 44 is exposed.
  • the hand-held tool 30 further includes a bottom plate 78 having an abutting surface 80 for abutting the workpiece and a saw blade through hole 82 for the saw blade to pass through.
  • the bottom plate 78 is rotatable relative to the fixed shield 72 about the first axis 84 for changing the depth of cutting. When adjusted to a desired depth, the bottom plate 78 is locked with respect to the fixed shield 72 by a locking mechanism (not shown).
  • the first axis 84 is arranged parallel to the axis X of the drive shaft 46.
  • the fixed shield 72 can rotate about the second axis 86 relative to the bottom plate 78 for changing the cutting angle.
  • the fixed shield 72 is locked with respect to the bottom plate 78 by a locking mechanism.
  • the second axis 86 is coplanar with the plane of the saw blade; and is perpendicular to the first axis 84.
  • the motor 42 is a brushed AC motor and is housed in the holding part 40. Therefore, the specific size of the motor 42 affects the size of the grip 40. 2 and 4, the motor 42 includes a stator 88 and a relatively rotating rotor 90, wherein the stator 88 includes a stator core 92 and a field winding 94, and the rotor 90 includes a rotor core 96 and an armature winding 98.
  • the rotor core 96 is connected to the output shaft 48, and an insulated wrap shaft or the like is usually provided between the two.
  • the stator 88 of this embodiment is an integral stator, and each laminated sheet of the stator in the axial direction is a hollow whole, and a plurality of laminated sheets are pressed and welded together to form a hollow integral stator.
  • the stator 88 is fixed to the holding portion 40, and the rotor 90 and the output shaft 48 rotated by the rotor 90 are located inside the stator 88.
  • the size of the grip 40 depends on the outer diameter of the motor 42, that is, the outer diameter D of the stator 88.
  • the perimeter of the grip 40 directly affects the user's sense of grasping.
  • the length of the Chinese male palm is usually between 175mm and 200mm, and the width is between 80mm and 90mm; the length of the Chinese female palm is usually between 160mm and 180mm, and the width is between 65mm and 80mm.
  • the length of the palm surrounds the grip, and usually the circumference of the grip should be slightly larger or slightly smaller than the length of the palm.
  • the outer diameter D of the motor 42 should not be greater than 50 mm, and may be in the range of 45 mm to 48 mm.
  • the circumference of the grip 40 should be between 165mm and 178mm.
  • the volume of the motor V ⁇ (D/2)2L/1000, where D is the outer diameter of the stator, L is the axial length of the motor, the unit is mm, and the unit of the motor volume V is cm3.
  • the axial length L of the motor 42 is defined by the length of the stator core 92 or the length of the rotor core 96. Generally, the axial length L of the stator core 92 and the rotor core 96 are the same.
  • the no-load speed of the motor 42 of the hand-held electric circular saw is usually about 38000 rpm.
  • the output power P2 of the motor 42 is proportional to the outer diameter D of the motor 42, the axial length L of the motor 42, the rotation speed of the motor, and the slot full rate of the motor. Therefore, the outer diameter D of the motor should be greater than or equal to 45mm. If the outer diameter is too small, the output power will be affected. The speed of the motor will not change much due to the restrictions and influences of safety regulations and the life of the motor. If one considers increasing the outer diameter D of the motor 42 in order to increase the output power P2 of the motor, it is necessary to increase the outer diameter of the grip portion accordingly, making it difficult for the user to grasp. Therefore, in order to increase the output power P2 of the motor without affecting the comfort of holding and the volume and weight of the whole machine, it may be considered to increase the slot full rate of the motor 42.
  • the rotor iron core 96 and the stator iron core 92 are usually a stack of metal laminations piled together in an axial direction and welded together.
  • the main component is iron, so it can also be called an iron core.
  • each laminated piece in the axial direction of the integral stator is a hollow whole, rather than spliced by multiple small laminated pieces.
  • the thickness of the metal laminations is 0.5 mm
  • the axial length of the stator core 92 and the rotor core 96 is the total thickness of the stack of an appropriate number of laminations.
  • the outer contour of the integral stator can be set to be circular, oval, oblate, or other shapes suitable for being housed in the casing.
  • Each metal lamination of the stator core 92 is provided with a notch 100, and each metal lamination of the rotor core 96 is provided with a notch 102; therefore, the lamination stacks formed by the metal laminations of the stator core 92 and The lamination stacks formed by the metal laminations of the rotor core 96 are respectively formed with slots, and field windings are respectively wound in the slots of the stator core and the rotor core.
  • the slot full rate the ratio of the space occupied by the slot. For example, the more the area of the field winding per unit slot area, the higher the slot full rate; the area of the field winding per unit slot area is wound The less, the lower the slot full rate. The higher the slot full rate, the greater the motor magnetic field strength, and the greater the motor output power P2.
  • stator 88a and rotor 90a are obviously sparse, and there are usually screw holes 104 for fixing the stator 88a on the casing.
  • the existence of the hole 104 will reduce the width of the stator yoke, which also affects the slot size of the stator core and the field winding therein.
  • the stator 88 and the holding portion 40 of the embodiment of the present invention are fixed in a different manner, and the screw holes are eliminated.
  • the stator 88 is in an interference fit with the fixing element 106 on the holding part 40 to ensure that there is no relative movement between the stator 88 and the holding part 40.
  • the fixing element 106 is a rib provided on the inner edge of the holding portion 40 and is integrally formed with the holding portion 40.
  • the rib 106 has an interference fit with the stator 88 at least partially on the circumference. Therefore, the slot size of the stator core is not affected, and the number of turns of the field winding is more and tightly wound, the higher the slot full rate is.
  • the overall weight of the motor 42 will increase, especially the weight of the rotor 90 will increase, which increases the load of the rotor 90 on the output shaft 48.
  • the rotor 90 of the motor is arranged in the space enclosed by the stator 88 and has a radial gap of approximately 0.5mm or less with the stator 88. Therefore, the coaxiality requirements between the rotor and the stator are very high, and slight deviations will cause the rotor to rotate when rotating. Friction with the stator is also called sweeping. Sweeping the chamber will generate a lot of heat, which will burn out the motor or cause more serious accidents.
  • the output shaft 48 of the rotor 90 When the output shaft 48 of the rotor 90 encounters a load, the output shaft 48 will produce a certain amount of bending deformation. If the load is increased, the amount of deformation will be greater. In order to prevent large deformation of the output shaft 48 from causing a bore sweep, it is necessary to reduce the amount of deformation of the output shaft 48 when bearing a load, that is, to reduce the deflection of the output shaft 48. Without changing the material of the output shaft 48, the diameter of the output shaft 48 needs to be increased.
  • Table 1 shows the data comparison of the test of the impact of increasing the diameter of the output shaft on the power performance of the motor when the speed meets the requirement of the motor speed of the handheld electric circular saw at 38000 rpm. Since it is difficult for the test machine to stabilize the speed at 38000rpm, the actual test speed will be slightly greater than 38000rpm, so the measured result is within the acceptable range.
  • the reference sample is that the output shaft diameter is 7.5mm and the power is 456W.
  • the 4 measurement samples are compared with the reference sample, in which the diameter of the output shaft increases equally.
  • the diameter of the reference output shaft is 7.5mm and the diameter is increased by 0.5mm, and the motor power is increased by 1%.
  • the loss rate of the motor power is below 3%, which is within an acceptable range compared to the work requirements of a handheld electric circular saw
  • the output shaft diameter exceeds 9.5mm the motor power loss speed will increase, and the motor power is only 85% of the reference sample.
  • the diameter of the output shaft 48 is not less than 7.5mm, in order to ensure the power of the motor and the carrying capacity of the output shaft 48; in one embodiment, the diameter of the output shaft 48 ranges from 7.5mm to 9mm, which can ensure the The power meets the demand and can ensure the normal operation of the motor.
  • stator yoke width 108 the area between the stator slot and the stator outer diameter is defined as the stator yoke width 108.
  • the stator yoke width 108 will affect the stator magnetic flux. The larger the stator yoke width 108, the greater the magnetic flux, and the greater the motor output power P2. .
  • this embodiment changes the fit between the stator 88 and the holding portion 40 to an interference fit, cancels the screw holes, and increases the width of the stator yoke 108 to 3.6mm the above.
  • the width of the stator yoke is set between 3.6mm and 4.2mm, thereby further increasing the slot size for winding more excitation windings, thereby increasing the magnetic flux.
  • the inner diameter hole of the stator 88 is used to embed the rotor 90. There is a gap between the stator 88 and the rotor 90 to ensure that the rotor does not rub against the stator when the rotor rotates at high speed.
  • the inner diameter hole of the stator 88 increases, and the outer diameter of the rotor 90 can be increased accordingly. Large, can increase the magnetic flux of the rotor.
  • the increase of the inner diameter hole of the stator 88 will also reduce the size of the stator yoke width 108, which in turn reduces the magnetic flux of the stator 88.
  • the inner diameter hole of the stator increases while the magnetic flux of the stator decreases. This is another objective contradiction.
  • the present invention solves the relationship between the power and the outer diameter of the stator and the rotor by studying the influence of the ratio of the outer diameter of the stator and the rotor of the motor on the output power.
  • the width of the stator yoke can be adjusted .
  • the ratio of stator and rotor outer diameters to make the power of the motor reach a larger value. That is, the power-to-volume ratio of the motor reaches the maximum.
  • Table 2 and Table 3 show that when the stator outer diameter D is 46mm and the motor's axial length L is 45mm, different stator yoke widths, under the condition that the stator and rotor outer diameter ratios are changed, the motor power and motor power Change in ratio to volume.
  • the values in Table 2 reflect that the same motor volume, the stator yoke width increases or the ratio of stator to rotor outer diameter increases, and the motor power exhibits fluctuations.
  • the values in Table 3 reflect the same motor volume, the stator yoke width increases or the ratio of stator and rotor outer diameter increases, and the motor power to volume ratio exhibits fluctuations.
  • the ratio of power to volume reaches the maximum value of 5.89 when the stator yoke width is 3.6mm; when the stator yoke width is 4mm, the ratio of power to volume is 0.62. The maximum value of 4.92 was reached.
  • Table 2 when the stator yoke width ranges from 3.5mm to 4mm, and the ratio of the rotor outer diameter to the stator outer diameter ranges from 0.58 to 0.65, the ratio of power to volume of the motor is relatively large, especially the wide range of the stator yoke When it is 3.6mm and the ratio of rotor outer diameter to stator outer diameter is 0.62, the ratio of power to volume of the motor is the largest.
  • the ratio of motor power to volume is a value that reflects the efficiency of motor power output. Under the same volume, the greater the ratio, the greater the motor power.
  • the power of the motor in Table 2 refers to the power value when the motor speed reaches 38000rpm.
  • the ratio of stator and rotor outer diameters and stator yoke width will affect the ratio of motor power to volume. The greater the ratio of stator and rotor outer diameters, the larger the rotor size, and the stator yoke width will decrease accordingly; vice versa. The wider the stator yoke is, the size of the stator slot and the rotor will decrease accordingly; vice versa.
  • Reasonable design of stator and rotor outer diameter ratio and yoke width can make the power of the motor reach a larger value.
  • the ratio of motor power to volume is selected to be greater than 4.52, so that under the same motor volume, especially the same stator outer diameter, the handheld electric circular saw has a comfortable grip and greater power.
  • the stator yoke width increases or the ratio of stator to rotor outer diameter increases, and the power of the motor fluctuates.
  • the ratio of the stator and rotor outer diameters ranges from 0.59 to 0.62, and the outer diameter of the stator is not greater than 48 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the stator is 46 mm to 48 mm.
  • the stator-rotor outer diameter ratio ranges from 0.6 to 0.65, and the yoke width ranges from 3.5 mm to 3.8 mm. If the yoke width is too large, the slot area is reduced and the stator winding volume is reduced.
  • the power of the motor fluctuates within a range close to the maximum value.
  • the axial length of the motor that is, the axial length L of the stator along the output shaft, is set to be not less than 40mm, and the setting range is 45mm to 55mm, preferably 45mm.
  • the ratio of the output power P2 of the motor 42 to the outer circumference of the holding portion 40 is greater than 1.9 W/mm, where the output power P2 refers to the maximum output power input to the work object.
  • the peripheral circumference of the grip portion of the hand-held tool 30 is 165 mm to 178 mm. In order to have enough space inside the grip to accommodate the motor 42, the outer diameter of the stator 88 is not greater than 48 mm.
  • the holding portion 40 includes a first holding area 110 for the operator's mouth to hold, and a second holding area 112 connected to the first holding area 110.
  • the first and second holding areas 110 and 112 are indicated by dotted lines. If the overall contours of the first and second grip areas are the same, it does not conform to the ergonomic design and affects the comfort of gripping. If the transition between the first and second gripping areas is too large, the size of the operator's wrist will be bent too large, which will cause the wrist to be prone to fatigue. Referring to FIG.
  • the first and second holding areas 110 and 112 transition smoothly, and the second holding area 112 is slightly larger than the first holding area 110.
  • the perimeter range of the first grip area 110 is usually between 165mm and 170mm; it can be 166mm or 168mm.
  • the perimeter range of the second grip area 112 is usually between 170 mm and 180 mm; it can be 175 mm or 178 mm, etc.
  • the second holding area 112 has a side plane 113 parallel to the axis Y of the output shaft 48. In this way, the operator can comfortably guide the handheld power tool 30 with one hand in any working position of the operator.
  • the size of the first holding area 110 may be defined by a width W1 and a height H1, where the width of the first holding area 110 is a geometric dimension in the X direction; the size of the first holding area 110 The height is the geometric dimension in the Z direction.
  • the size range of the first holding area 110 is between 42 mm ⁇ 52 mm and 45 mm ⁇ 62 mm. In another embodiment, the size of the first holding area 110 ranges from 42 mm ⁇ 58 mm to 44 mm ⁇ 61 mm. In another embodiment, the size of the first holding area 110 ranges from 42 mm ⁇ 53 mm to 44 mm ⁇ 59 mm.
  • the size of the first gripping area may be 43mm ⁇ 59mm.
  • the size of the second holding area 112 can also be defined by the width W2 and the height H2. Specifically, the size range of the second grip area 112 is between 48 mm ⁇ 59 mm and 51 mm ⁇ 62 mm. In another embodiment, the size of the second holding area 112 is 49 mm ⁇ 59 mm to 50 mm ⁇ 61 mm. Preferably, the size of the second holding area is 49mm ⁇ 60mm.
  • the ratio of the outer diameter D of the motor 42 to the height dimension of the second grip area 112 ranges from 0.74 to 0.78. With this setting, the grip size is optimal when the diameters of the motors are the same.
  • the diameter of the saw blade is between 85mm-140mm and can be 120mm.
  • the ratio of the height dimension of the second holding area 112 to the diameter of the saw blade 44 ranges from 0.4 to 0.6, and the ratio may be 0.5.
  • the ratio of the stator outer diameter to the diameter of the saw blade 44 is in the range of 0.33-0.54, and the ratio can be 0.38.
  • the width W2 of the second holding area 112 is slightly larger than the width W1 of the first holding area 110, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the ratio of the width dimension of the first grip area 110 to the width dimension of the second grip area 112 is not less than 0.82.
  • the height H2 of the second holding area 112 is slightly greater than the height H1 of the first holding area 110, and the ratio of the height dimension of the first holding area 112 to the height dimension of the second holding area 112 is not less than 0.89; or not less than 0.93 .
  • the top of the first holding area 110 and the top of the second holding area 112 are substantially located on a straight line, which can be defined as a top extension line 114.
  • the top extension line 114 and the workpiece abutting surface 80 form an angle ⁇ .
  • the angle ⁇ is between 10 degrees and Between 13 degrees, it can be 12 degrees.
  • the ⁇ angle is about 20 degrees.
  • the saw blade 44 is about to pass but has not passed through the saw blade through hole 82 on the bottom plate 78, and the distance between the drive shaft 46 and the bottom plate 36 is the largest, and the angle ⁇ is 38 degrees. Between 42 degrees. It can be seen that when the operator performs cutting at any depth, the size of the operator's wrist bends is small, and the operation is comfortable and not easy to fatigue.
  • a switch assembly 116 is also provided on the rear part 36 of the housing.
  • the switch assembly 116 includes an electronic switch 118 electrically connected to the motor 42, a switch trigger 120 that triggers the electronic switch 118, and a lock switch 122 that allows and prevents the movement of the switch trigger 120.
  • the switch trigger 120 is movably arranged at the rear part 36 of the housing, and is used to prompt the electronic switch 118 to control the start and stop of the motor 42.
  • the switch trigger 120 is movably installed at the rear part 36 of the housing and is located in the connecting area between the connecting portion 38 and the holding portion 40.
  • the rear portion 36 of the housing is provided with a longitudinally extending guide groove 124
  • the switch trigger 120 is provided with a guide portion 126 matching the guide groove 124 and an operating portion 129 connected to the guide portion 126 for operation by the operator.
  • the guiding portion 126 slides along the extending direction of the guiding groove 124, so that the switch trigger 120 is movably disposed on the rear part 36 of the housing along the extending direction of the guiding groove 124.
  • the guide groove 124 is formed by ribs 125 and 127, and the extending direction of the guide groove 124 is perpendicular to the axis Y of the output shaft 48.
  • a plane passing through the axis Y of the output shaft 48 and parallel to the axis X of the driving shaft 46 can be defined as the central plane, and the extending direction of the guide groove 124 is perpendicular to the central plane.
  • the switch trigger 120 is movably arranged in the rear part 36 of the housing in a direction perpendicular to the center plane. Further, referring to FIG. 2, the guide portion 126 and the electronic switch 118 are both located between the transmission mechanism 54 and the motor 42. With this arrangement, the structure is more compact, and the length of the rear portion 36 of the housing can be shortened.
  • the switch trigger 120 here can also be mounted on the rear part 36 of the housing in a pivoting manner or a sliding manner along the axis Y of the output shaft 48.
  • a plane passing through the axis Y of the output shaft 48 and perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft 46 can be defined as a middle plane, and the middle plane is perpendicular to the center plane.
  • the rear part 36 of the housing is composed of a half-shell, where the middle plane is exactly the connecting plane of the two half-shells. Referring to FIGS. 2, 7 and 14, the projections of the electronic switch 118, the output shaft 48 and the switch trigger 120 on the plane parallel to the middle plane at least partially overlap. With this arrangement, the structure is more compact, and the height of the holding portion 40 and the length of the rear portion 36 of the housing are reduced.
  • a spring 117 is provided between the switch trigger 120 and the rear part 36 of the housing, and the spring 117 provides a spring force for the switch trigger 120 to move toward the disconnected position from the electronic switch 118.
  • the height of the grip 40 is small, so that it is easier to operate when the switch trigger 120 is controlled.
  • the lock switch 122 is operative to lock the switch 122 in the first position between a first position that prevents the switch trigger 120 from moving from the off position to the on position and a second position that allows the switch trigger 120 to move from the off position to the on position.
  • Grip area 110 (see Figure 6).
  • the lock switch 120 is slidably arranged in the first grip area 110 along a direction perpendicular to the axis Y, and the sliding direction of the lock switch 120 is also parallel to the axis X of the drive shaft.
  • the lock switch 120 is provided with a stopper 123, and the stopper 123 is used to abut the switch trigger 120.
  • the stopper 123 In the first position that prevents the switch trigger 120 from moving from the off position to the on position, the stopper 123 abuts the switch trigger 120. Press the lock switch 122 to disengage the stop portion 123 from the contact of the switch trigger 120. At this time, the switch trigger 120 is allowed to move from the off position to the on position, and the lock switch 122 is in the second position.
  • a spring 119 is provided between the lock switch 122 and the rear part 36 of the housing, and the spring 119 provides a spring force for the lock switch 122 to remain in a first position that prevents the switch trigger 120 from moving from the off position to the on position.
  • the electronic switch 118 is arranged at the front end of the rear part 36 of the housing.
  • the electronic switch 118 is located between the motor 42 and the first bearing 50; the guiding portion 126 slidingly fitted with the rear portion 36 of the housing is also located between the motor 42 and the first bearing 50.
  • the electronic switch 118 and the switch trigger 120 are both located between the stator 88 and the first bearing 50.
  • the operating parts 129 of the electronic switch 118 and the switch trigger 120 are respectively located on both sides of the central plane. In this way, the electronic switch 118 is placed in front, and the projections of the electronic switch 118 and the switch trigger 120 on the bottom plate 78 overlap by more than half.
  • the reasonable position design makes the structure more compact and shortens the length of the rear part 36 of the housing.
  • one side of the guide portion 126 is matched with the rear part 36 of the housing, and the other side faces the electronic switch 118, so that the structure is more compact and the width dimension of the rear part 36 of the housing is shortened.
  • a trigger lever 128 is provided on the switch trigger 120 for triggering the contacts on the electronic switch 118.
  • the guiding portion 126 is arranged on one side of the operating portion 129; the trigger lever 128 is arranged on the other side of the operating portion 129, which makes the layout more reasonable.
  • the increase in the power of the motor will cause the motor 42 to generate more heat during operation, and the reduction in the size of the grip 40 will reduce the area of the heat dissipation air duct.
  • the above factors will cause the temperature of the motor to rise, so it is necessary to increase the heat dissipation of the motor. effectiveness.
  • the cooling effect is improved. Since the fan 64 is arranged at the rear end of the rear part 36 of the housing, it is installed at the second end 62 of the output shaft 48 and is located between the second bearing 52 and the stator 88. Therefore, the size of the receiving portion 66 will also be slightly larger than the second holding area 112.
  • the size range of the receiving portion 66 is between 58mm ⁇ 70mm and 68mm ⁇ 80mm; in another embodiment, the size range of the receiving portion 66 is between 62mm ⁇ 72mm and 66mm ⁇ 78mm, which may be 64mm ⁇ 72mm.
  • the length L2 of the rear part 36 of the housing can be shortened, and the overall length L3 of the hand-held tool 30 can be shortened, and the layout of the components is more compact, and the cooling effect of the motor can be improved.
  • the length L1 of the rear portion 36 of the housing is between 205 mm and 210 mm.
  • the length L2 of the whole machine is between 380mm and 386mm, which can be 384mm.
  • the length is the geometric dimension in the Y direction. However, the length does not include the power cord passing through the rear 36 of the housing. But if it is a DC hand-held tool, it should include the geometric dimensions that can be seen from the outside of the battery pack, so the length of the whole machine may be slightly longer.
  • the length L3 of the bottom plate 78 extending in the longitudinal direction is between 224 mm and 228 mm, and may be 226 mm.
  • the length L1 of the rear portion 36 of the housing is shorter than that of a general hand-held tool, so that the ratio of the length L3 extending in the longitudinal direction of the bottom plate 78 to the length L2 of the whole machine is between 0.53 and 0.55. With this setting, during operation, the support is more stable and the controllability is better.
  • the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. Those skilled in the art may also make other changes under the enlightenment of the technical essence of the present invention, but as long as the functions achieved are the same or similar to those of the present invention, they shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. .

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种手持式工具，包括：电机，所述电机具有输出轴；由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴；定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且垂直于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中间平面；壳体，包括壳体前部和壳体后部，所述壳体前部用于收容所述驱动轴，所述壳体后部包括与所述壳体前部连接的连接部、与所述连接部连接的握持部；开关组件，设置在所述壳体上，所述开关组件包括电子开关和用于触发电子开关的开关扳机，所述电子开关、所述开关扳机和所述输出轴在平行于所述中间平面上的投影至少部分重叠。在本发明中，合理设计了电子开关、开关扳机的位置，使结构更加紧凑，增加握持的舒适性。

Description

手持式工具
本申请要求了申请日为2019年07月04日，申请号为201910597873.8的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种手持式工具。
背景技术
传统的手持式工具，例如手持式电圆锯通常包括一个用来加工工件的锯片，用来驱动该锯片的电机，电机的输出轴通常都垂直于锯片，主手柄用来在操作过程中供操作者手握，主手柄与电机垂直设置，这种电圆锯包括一个底板、一个固定护罩和一个活动护罩，固定护罩位于底板的上部，在任何时候都将锯片上部收于其中，活动护罩位于底板下面，工作时，活动护罩可旋转的使锯片下部露出，这种传统电圆锯的缺点是体积比较大且比较笨拙，加工一些比较小、比较薄的工件时就不太适用。
本申请人于2009年2月6日申请的申请号为200920037895.0的专利申请揭示了一种便携式圆锯。该便携式圆锯包括：电机；锯片；位于电机和锯片之间用于传递动力的传动机构；壳体，该壳体包括壳体前部和壳体后部；壳体前部用来收容所述传动机构和至少部分锯片，壳体后部用来收容所述电机；安装于壳体前部的护罩，该护罩包括护罩底部，护罩底部设有开口用于锯片从中露出以加工工件，所述护罩相对于壳体可移动的从第一位置到第二位置，当护罩位于第一位置时，锯片未露出于开口，当护罩位于第二位置时，锯片至少部分的露出于开口用于切割工件。壳体后部同时也作为操作者的手柄用，在操作过程中操作者手握壳体后部以移动便携式电圆锯，如此可以减少整机的体积，便于切割工件。但是由于壳体后部，特别是设置开关的位置在形状、尺寸上几乎是一样的，并不符合人体功能学设计；而且壳体后部的握持部位较粗，不利用于操作者长期操作。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种操作舒适的手持式工具。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是：一种手持式工具，包括：电机， 所述电机具有输出轴；由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴；定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且垂直于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中间平面；壳体，包括壳体前部和壳体后部，所述壳体前部用于收容所述驱动轴，所述壳体后部包括与所述壳体前部连接的连接部、与所述连接部连接的握持部；底板，与所述壳体连接，所述底板具有用于抵靠工件的抵靠面；开关组件，设置在所述壳体上，所述开关组件包括电子开关和用于触发电子开关的开关扳机，所述电子开关、所述输出轴和所述开关扳机在平行于所述中间平面上的投影至少部分重叠。
在本发明所揭示的手持式工具中，开关扳机、电子开关和输出轴在平行于中间平面上的投影至少部分重叠，结构更加紧凑，减少了握持部的尺寸，握持更加舒适。
优选的，所述电子开关和所述开关扳机在所述底板上的投影重叠一半以上。
优选的，定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且平行于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中心平面，所述开关扳机沿垂直于所述中心平面的方向移动地设置在所述壳体上。
优选的，定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且平行于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中心平面，所述开关扳机包括操作部，所述操作部和所述电子开关位于所述中心平面的两侧。
优选的，所述输出轴的轴线与所述驱动轴的轴线垂直。
优选的，所述开关扳机包括导向部，所述导向部的一面与所述壳体后部配合；另一面面向所述电子开关。
优选的，所述开关组件还包括锁定开关，所述锁定开关在防止开关扳机从断开位置移动到接通位置的第一位置和允许开关扳机从断开位置移动到接通位置的第二位置之间移动，所述锁定开关沿平行于所述驱动轴的轴线移动地设置在所述壳体上。
优选的，所述握持部包括第一握持区、与所述第一握持区相连的第二握持区，其中所述第一握持区供操作者的虎口握持；所述第一握持区的宽度尺寸小于所述第二握持区的宽度尺寸，且所述第一握持区的宽度尺寸与所述第二握持区宽度尺寸的比例不小于0.82。
优选的，所述第一握持区的高度尺寸与所述第二握持区高度的尺寸的比 例不小于0.89。
优选的，所述握持部包括第一握持区、与所述第一握持区相连的第二握持区，其中所述第一握持区供操作者的虎口握持；所述第一握持区的尺寸为42mm×52mm至45mm×62mm；所述第二握持区的尺寸为48mm×59mm至51mm×62mm。
优选的，所述手持式工具的整机长度范围为380至386mm。
优选的，所述底板沿纵长方向的长度与所述手持式工具的整机长度的比例在0.53～0.55之间。
优选的，所述电机包括定子和同轴地套设在所述定子中的转子，所述转子与所述输出轴固定连接；所述定子的外径范围为45mm至48mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.58至0.65，所述电机输出功率与体积的比值大于4.52W/cm3。
优选的，所述定子外径范围为46mm至48mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值的范围为0.59至0.62。
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一个技术方案是：一种手持式工具，包括：壳体；电机，所述电机具有输出轴，所述输出轴通过第一、第二轴承可转动地收容于所述壳体内；由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴，在所述输出轴和所述驱动轴之间设有传动机构，所述第一轴承靠近所述传动机构；开关组件，设置在所述壳体上，所述开关组件包括电子开关和用于触发电子开关的开关扳机，所述电子开关位于所述第一轴承和所述电机之间。
优选的，所述开关扳机包括与所述壳体滑移配合的导向部，所述导向部位于所述第一轴承和所述电机之间。
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一个技术方案是：一种手持式工具，包括：电机，所述电机具有输出轴；由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴，在所述输出轴和所述驱动轴之间设有传动机构；壳体，包括壳体前部和壳体后部，所述壳体前部用于收容所述驱动轴，所述壳体后部包括与所述壳体前部连接的连接部、与所述连接部连接的握持部；底板，与所述壳体连接；开关组件，设置在所述壳体上，所述开关组件包括电子开关和用于触发电子开关的开关扳机，所述开关扳机包括与所述壳体后部配合的导向部，所述导向部和所述电子开关均位于所述传动机构和所述电机之间。
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一个技术方案是：一种手持式工具包括： 电机，所述电机具有输出轴；由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴，其中所述输出轴的轴线与所述驱动轴的轴线垂直；壳体，包括壳体前部和壳体后部，所述壳体前部用于收容所述驱动轴，所述壳体后部包括与所述壳体前部连接的连接部、与所述连接部连接的握持部，其中所述握持部用于收容电机；开关组件，设置在所述壳体上；所述握持部包括第一握持区、与所述第一握持区相连的第二握持区，其中所述第一握持区供操作者的虎口握持；所述第一握持区的宽度尺寸小于所述第二握持区的宽度尺寸，且所述第一握持区的宽度尺寸与所述第二握持区宽度尺寸的比例不小于0.82。
在本发明所揭示的手持式工具中，根据手掌的特点，分别设置了不同尺寸的第一握持区和第二握持区，符合人体功能学设计，握持舒适，有利用于操作者长期操作。
优选的，所述第一握持区的高度尺寸与所述第二握持区高度的尺寸的比例不小于0.89。
优选的，所述第一握持区的尺寸为42mm×52mm至45mm×62mm；所述第二握持区的尺寸为48mm×59mm至51mm×62mm。
优选的，所述第一握持区的尺寸为43mm×59mm。
优选的，所述第二握持区的尺寸为49mm×60mm。
优选的，所述手持式工具的整机长度范围为380至386mm。
优选的，所述手持工工具还包括用于抵靠工件的底板，所述底板沿纵长方向的长度与所述手持式工具的整机长度的比例在0.53～0.55之间。
优选的，所述电机的外径与第二握持区的高度尺寸的比值范围为0.74至0.78之间。
优选的，所述工作头为锯片，第二握持区的高度尺寸与所述锯片的直径的比值范围为0.4至0.6之间。
优选的，所述工作头为锯片，定子外径与锯片的直径的比值范围在0.33-0.54。
优选的，所述输出轴设有靠近所述工作头的一端和相对设置的另一端；所述输出轴的另一端上设有风扇；所述壳体后部包括用于收容所述风扇的收容部，所述收容部的尺寸为64mm×72mm。
优选的，所述连接部上设有第一进风口，所述握持部设有第二进风口；所述收容部上设有出风口，由所述风扇吸入的冷空气由所述第一进风口、第 二进风口进入再由所述出风口排出。
优选的，所述第二握持区具有平行于所述输出轴的轴线的侧平面。
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一个技术方案是：一种手持式工具包括：壳体；电机，收容在所述壳体内，所述电机用于驱动工作头围绕驱动轴的轴线旋转，所述电机具有输出轴；护罩组件，与所述壳体连接，所述护罩组件包括与所述壳体固定连接的固定护罩和围绕驱动轴的轴线旋转而露出锯片的活动护罩；所述电机包括：定子和同轴地套设在所述定子中的转子，所述转子与所述输出轴固定连接；所述定子的外径范围为45mm至48mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.58至0.65，所述电机输出功率与体积的比值大于4.52W/cm3。
与现有技术相比，本发明将手持式电动工具的输出功率与体积的比值大于提升至4.52W/cm3以上，从而在成本低且输出功率能完全满足手持工具的工作需求的前提下，握持舒适感最好。这不仅便于用户长时间使用手持式电动工具，不易疲劳，更提升了工作效率。
优选的，所述定子外径范围为46mm至48mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值的范围为0.59至0.62。
优选的，所述定子的轭宽范围为3.5mm至4mm。
优选的，所述定子的轭宽范围为3.5mm至3.8mm。
优选的，所述定子沿所述输出轴轴向的长度不小于40mm。
优选的，所述定子沿所述输出轴轴向的长度为45mm。
优选的，所述输出轴的直径不小于7.5mm。
优选的，所述输出轴的直径范围为7.5mm至9mm。
优选的，所述壳体包括握持部，所述握持部包括第一握持区、与所述第一握持区相连的第二握持区，其中所述第一握持区供操作者的虎口握持；所述第一握持区的尺寸为42mm×52mm至45mm×62mm；所述第二握持区的尺寸为48mm×59mm至51mm×62mm。
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一个技术方案是：一种手持式工具包括：壳体；电机，收容在所述壳体内，所述电机用于驱动工作头围绕驱动轴的轴线旋转，所述电机具有输出轴；护罩组件，与所述壳体连接，所述护罩组件包括与所述壳体固定连接的固定护罩和围绕驱动轴的轴线旋转而露出锯片的活动护罩；所述电机包括：定子和同轴地套设在所述定子中的转子，所述转 子与所述输出轴固定连接；所述定子的外径范围为45mm至48mm，所述定子的轭宽范围为3.5mm至4mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.58至0.65。
与现有技术相比，本发明将手持式电动工具合理地设计定子的外径；定、转子外径比值和轭宽，从而使电机的功率达到较大的值；而且也不会影响握持的舒适性。
优选的，所述定子外径范围为46mm至48mm，所述定子的轭宽范围为3.5mm至3.8mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.6至0.65。
优选的，所述定子的外径为46mm，所述定子的轭宽范围为3.6mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.62。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的描述。
图1为本发明所揭示的手持式工具的立体图。
图2为图1所揭示的手持式工具的剖示图。
图3为图1所揭示的手持式工具的局部剖示图。
图4为图2中沿A1-A1的剖示图。
图5为现有技术中定、转子的示意图。
图6为图1所揭示的手持式工具的局部示意图。
图7为图2中沿A2-A2的剖示图。
图8为图1所揭示的手持式工具的俯视图。
图9、图10和图11为图1所揭示的手持式工具在最小切割位置、常用切割位置和最大切割位置的示意图。
图12和图13为图1所示的手持式工具的局部立体示意图。
图14为图2中沿A3-A3的剖示图。
图15为图1所示的手持式工具的局部立体分解图。
具体实施例
本实施方式中涉及的手持式工具具体是一种手持式电圆锯。但是本实施方式并不限于手持式电锯，也可以是角向磨光机或砂光机等等。
参照图1，手持式工具30包括壳体32，该壳体32包括壳体前部34和壳体后部36。壳体后部36大致呈直线延伸，包括与壳体前部34连接的连接部38、与连接部38连接的握持部40。壳体后部36通常还连接有电源线41。在 本实施方式中，手持式工具30的电源为交流电源，即由交流电源供电。当然，手持式工具30也可以采用直流电源进行供电，即在手持式工具30上安装电池包。壳体前部34具有与连接部38近似相同轮廓，在装配时壳体前部34与连接部38同轴地连接在一起，即将壳体前部34与壳体后部36通过螺钉固定连接。当然，壳体前部34和壳体后部36也可以为一个部件。而通常在设计和生产时，壳体前部34和壳体后部36为注塑件，且均为半壳构成。本实施方式的描述中，除非另外指出，方向术语，如前、后、左、右、上和下等，都是相对于正常使用该手持式工具的方向，如定义手持式工具的前进方向为前，与手持式工具的前进方向相反的方向为后等。
参照图2，手持式工具30包括电机42，电机42用于驱动工作头运动。在本实施方式中，工作头为锯片44，电机42用于驱动锯片44围绕驱动轴46的轴线X旋转用来加工工件。锯片44具有锯片平面，将锯片44理想化认为其厚度极小时，锯片24所在的平面定义为锯片平面。电机42具有输出轴48，可围绕输出轴48的轴线Y可旋转的设置在壳体32内。具体的，输出轴48的两端分别通过第一轴承50和第二轴承52收容在壳体前部34和壳体后部36。第一轴承50靠近传动机构。握持部40的纵向延伸的轴线平行于轴线Y或与轴线Y重合。在本实施方式中，输出轴48的轴线Y垂直于驱动轴46的轴线X。在这里，将同时垂直于轴线X、Y的轴线定义为轴线Z(参见图4和图7)。
在本发明的其他实施例中，电机42可以为碳刷电机、无刷电机等，或者对应于手持式工具30的电源，电机可以为交流电机或直流电机。
电机42的输出轴48和驱动轴46之间设有传动机构54，用于将电机42的动力驱动锯片44围绕驱动轴46的轴线X旋转运动。在本实施方式中，传动机构54收容在壳体前部34内，可以是齿轮传动机构，当然，也可以是带轮传动机构。
请一并参阅图2和图3，传动机构54为三级齿轮传动机构，包括与输出轴48连接的驱动齿轮56a、设置在第一传动轴55上的第一齿轮56b和第二齿轮56c、设置在第二传动轴58上的第三齿轮56d以及设置在驱动轴46上的第四齿轮56e，其中驱动齿轮56a与第一齿轮56b啮合，第三齿轮52d与第二、第四齿轮56c和56e啮合。如此，电机42旋转运动时，将通过驱动齿轮56a带动第一齿轮56b旋转运动，进而第一传动轴55则带动第二齿轮56c 旋转运动，第二齿轮56c带动第三齿轮56d旋转运动，而第三齿轮56d则带动第四齿轮56e和驱动轴46转动，因此，通过传动机构54将电机42的旋转运动传递至锯片44围绕驱动轴46的轴线X的旋转运动。
输出轴48包括安装驱动齿轮56a的第一端60和远离第一端60的第二端62，在输出轴48的第二端62安装有风扇64。壳体后部36还包括用于收容风扇64的收容部66，握持部40位于收容部66和连接部38之间。请参见图1，在收容部66围绕风扇64的区域设置有出风口68，连接部38设置有第一进风口70a，握持部40上设有第二进风口70b。由风扇64吸入的冷空气由第一进风口70a、第二进风口70b进入再由出风口68排出。而将风扇64设置在输出轴48的第二端62的位置，可以使出风口68相对远离操作者的手或头部，从而使从出风口68吹出的风不会吹到操作者的手或头部，提高了操作的舒适度。
参照图1，手持式工具30包括护罩组件，护罩组件包括与壳体前部34固定连接的固定护罩72和围绕驱动轴46的轴线X旋转的活动护罩74。固定护罩72用于遮盖锯片44的上部分，活动护罩74用于遮盖锯片44的下部分。当然，可以根据不同的安规要求，固定护罩72和活动护罩74可以完全或不完全包覆整个锯片44。工作时，活动护罩74围绕驱动轴46的轴线X旋转，从而使锯片44的下部分露出用于切割工件。活动护罩74上设置有把手76，操作该把手76使活动护罩74围绕驱动轴46的轴线X旋转，使锯片44的下部分露出。
继续参照图1，手持式工具30还包括底板78，底板78具有用于抵靠工件的抵靠面80和供锯片穿过的锯片通孔82。底板78可围绕第一轴线84可相对于固定护罩72转动，用于改变切割的深度。当调整到期望深度时，通过锁紧机构(未图示)将底板78相对于固定护罩72锁定。第一轴线84与驱动轴46的轴线X平行设置。
固定护罩72可围绕第二轴线86相对于底板78转动，用于改变切割的角度。当调整到期望斜角时，通过锁定机构将固定护罩72相对于底板78锁定。第二轴线86与锯片平面共面；且与第一轴线84垂直设置。
电机42为一种有刷交流电机，收容在握持部40内。因此，电机42的具体尺寸影响了握持部40的尺寸。请参见图2和图4，电机42包括定子88和相对旋转的转子90，其中定子88包括定子铁芯92和励磁绕组94，转子90 包括转子铁芯96、电枢绕阻98。转子铁芯96与输出轴48连接，且两者之间通常设置有绝缘的包轴等。
本实施例的定子88是整体式定子的，定子在轴向上的每一层叠片都是中空的整体的，多个叠片压制焊接在一起，形成中空的整体式定子。定子88固定在握持部40，转子90和由转子90带动旋转的输出轴48位于定子88的内侧。
握持部40的尺寸取决于电机42的外径，即定子88的外径D。而握持部40的周长直接影响至用户的抓握手感。根据测试中国男性手掌的长度范围通常在175mm～200mm之间，宽度在80mm～90mm之间；中国女性手掌的长度范围通常在160mm～180mm之间，宽度在65mm～80mm之间。在抓握手持式工具时，手掌长度包围握持部，通常握持部的周长应当略大于或略小于手掌长度。过大时手指抓握不全，会使用户抓握不稳，操作时易疲劳；过小时拇指会叠在其他手指上，也会使抓握力减小。因此，在本实施方式中，电机42的外径D应当不大于50mm，可以在45mm～48mm的范围内。握持部40的周长应当在165mm～178mm。
电机的体积V＝π(D/2)2L/1000，其中D为定子外径，L为电机的轴向长度，单位为mm，电机体积V的单位为cm3。电机42的轴向长度L以定子铁心92长度或者转子铁芯96的长度来定义，通常定子铁心92和转子铁芯96的轴向长度L是相同的。
手持式电圆锯的电机42的空载转速通常在38000rpm左右。运行过程中由电网输入到手持式电圆锯的功率定义为输入功率P1；定义手持式电圆锯输入到工作对象的功率P2为输出功率，P2＝P1-P，其中P定义为损耗，包括工具热损耗、风损耗、摩擦损耗等，电机42的输出功率为P2。
由于电机42的输出功率P2与电机42的外径D、电机42的轴向长度L、电机的转速、以及电机的槽满率成正比。因此，电机的外径D应大于等于45mm，如若外径太小，则会影响输出功率。而电机的转速由于受到安规、以及电机寿命的约束及影响，基本不会作大的变化。如果为了提高电机的输出功率P2，而考虑增加电机42的外径D，势必要相应增加握持部的外径，让用户抓握困难。因此，为了提高电机的输出功率P2，又不会影响握持的舒适性和整机的体积和重量，可以考虑提高电机42的槽满率。
转子铁芯96和定子铁心92通常是用适当数量的金属叠片沿轴向堆在一 起并焊接而成的叠片堆，主要成分是铁，所以也可称为铁芯。区别于分体式定子，整体式定子在轴向上的每一层叠片都是中空的整体的，而不是由多个小叠片拼接成的。通常金属叠片的厚度是0.5mm，定子铁心92和转子铁芯96的轴向长度就是适当数量的叠片堆起来的总厚度。整体式定子的外轮廓可以设置成圆形、椭圆形、扁方形或者其他形状适合收容在机壳中的形状。
定子铁芯92的每个金属叠片均设有槽口100，转子铁芯96的每个金属叠片均设有槽口102；因此分别由定子铁芯92金属叠片形成的叠片堆和由转子铁芯96金属叠片形成的叠片堆分别形成有狭槽，定子铁芯狭槽和转子铁芯狭槽中分别绕制有励磁绕组。励磁绕组放入狭槽内后占用狭槽内空间的比例称为槽满率，如单位狭槽面积绕制励磁绕组面积越多，槽满率则越高；单位狭槽面积绕制励磁绕组面积越少，槽满率则越低。而槽满率越高，电机磁场强度越大，电机的输出功率P2则越大。
对照参考图5，是一种普通电机的横截面，其定子88a和转子90a狭槽中励磁绕组明显要稀疏，通常还会留出用于将定子88a固定在机壳上的螺钉孔104，螺钉孔104的存在会减小定子轭宽，也就影响定子铁芯狭槽尺寸以及其中的励磁绕组。而图4中本发明实施例的定子88与握持部40之间由于采用了不同的固定方式，取消了螺钉孔。定子88与握持部40上中的固定元件106过盈配合，保证定子88与握持部40之间没有相对运动。其中固定元件106为设置在握持部40内边缘上的肋条，与握持部40一体成型。肋条106至少部分在圆周上与定子88过盈配合。因此，定子铁芯狭槽尺寸不受影响，且励磁绕组的圈数多且绕制紧密，则槽满率越高。
而在提高槽满率后，电机42整体的重量会增大，尤其是转子90的重量会增加，加重了转子90对输出轴48的负载。电机的转子90设置在定子88围成的空间，与定子88间具有大致0.5mm径向间隙或者更小，因此转子和定子间的同轴度要求非常高，细微的偏差都会使转子在旋转时与定子发生摩擦，或称为扫膛。扫膛会产生大量的热量，会烧坏电机或发生更严重的事故。
在转子90输出轴48遇到负载时，输出轴48会产生一定的弯曲变形，如果加重负载，变形的量就会越大。为了防止输出轴48产生较大的变形造成扫膛，需要减小输出轴48在承受负载时的变形量，即减小输出轴48的挠度。在不改变输出轴48材料的情况下，输出轴48的直径则需要增加。
经测试验证，当输出轴的外径增大5％时，输出轴48的挠度减小17.7％； 当输出轴48的直径增大10％时，输出轴48的挠度减小31.7％；当输出轴48的直径增大15％时，输出轴48的挠度减小42.8％。因此，适当增大输出轴48的直径，能将输出轴48的挠度减小到一个合理的范围之内。
参考图4，当转子90的外径不变，即转子叠片堆的外径保持不变，输出轴48a外径增大时会使转子轭宽322a尺寸减小，则会减小转子的磁通量，从而降低电机的输出功率；输出轴的直径增大，而转子磁通量反而减小，这是一对客观存在矛盾。本发明提出，在改进电机绕线工艺的同时，应当同时保证输出轴48承载能力和电机输出功率。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020100149-appb-000001
表1中示出了在转速满足手持式电圆锯的电机转速在38000rpm的需求，增加输出轴直径对电机功率性能影响测试的数据对比。由于测试机器很难将转速稳定在38000rpm，因此实际测试的转速会略大于38000rpm，这样测得的结果是在可接受范围内的。
如表1所示，基准样本为输出轴直径为7.5mm，功率为456W。4个测量样本与基准样本做对比，其中输出轴的直径等差地增加。经过测试，在基准输出轴直径为7.5mm上增加直径0.5mm，电机功率有增加1％。当在输出轴直径为8mm的基础上加粗0.5mm至1mm时，电机功率的损失率在3％以下，相比于手持式电圆锯的工作需求，损失率是在可接受的范围之中的；当输出轴直径超过9.5mm时，电机功率的损失速度会加快，电机功率仅为基准样本的85％。本实施例中，输出轴48的直径不小于7.5mm，为了保证电机功率和输出轴48的承载能力；一种实施例中输出轴48的直径范围为7.5mm至9mm，这样既能够保证电机的功率满足需求，又能够确保电机正常工作。
在定子叠片上，定子狭槽与定子外径之间的区域定义为定子轭宽108， 定子轭宽108会影响定子的磁通量，定子轭宽108越大磁通量越大，电机的输出功率P2越大。
参照图4，为了增大定子狭槽的面积，本实施例将定子88与握持部40之间的配合改为过盈配合，取消了螺钉孔，将定子轭宽108的宽度增加到3.6mm以上。可替换的实施例中，定子轭宽的范围设置在3.6mm至4.2mm之间，从而进一步增大狭槽尺寸，用于绕制更多的励磁绕组，从而提高磁通量。
定子88的内径孔用于嵌入转子90，定子88与转子90之间保持间隙，保证转子高速旋转时不会与定子摩擦，定子88的内径孔增大，转子90的外径则可以相应地增大，能提高转子的磁通量。然而，定子88内径孔增大也会降低定子轭宽108的尺寸，反而降低了定子88的磁通量。定子内径孔增大，而定子的磁通量降低，这又是一对客观存在矛盾。
对于上述的两对客观存在矛盾，本发明通过研究电机的定、转子外径比例对输出功率的影响，从而解决了功率与定、转子的外径之间的关系。也就是说，在不影响握持的舒适性和整机的体积的前提下，为了提高电机的输出功率P2，即在定子外径、电机的叠长恒定的情况下，可以通过调整定子轭宽，以及定、转子外径比值，使电机的功率达到较大的值。即电机的功率体积比到达最大。
表2和表3中示出了定子外径D为46mm，电机的轴向长度L为45mm时，不同的定子轭宽，在定、转子外径比作变化的条件下，电机功率、电机功率与体积比值的变化。表2中的数值体现出了相同电机体积，定子轭宽增大或者定、转子外径比值增大，电机的功率呈现起伏变化。表3中的数值体现出了相同电机体积，定子轭宽增大或者定、转子外径比值增大，电机的功率与体积比值呈现起伏变化。
定转子外径比同为0.62时，功率与体积的比值在定子轭宽为3.6mm时达到了最大值5.89；定子轭宽同为4mm时，功率与体积的比值在定转子外径比为0.62时达到了最大值4.92。在表2中，定子的轭宽范围为3.5mm至4mm，转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.58至0.65时，电机的功率与体积比值都比较大，尤其是定子的轭宽范围为3.6mm，转子外径与定子外径比值范围为0.62时，电机的功率与体积比值最大。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020100149-appb-000002
表3
Figure PCTCN2020100149-appb-000003
电机的功率与体积的比值是反映电机功率输出效率的数值，相同体积下，比值越大，则电机功率越大。表2中电机的功率是指当电机转速达到38000rpm时的功率值。表3中，定、转子外径的比值和定子轭宽都会影响电机功率与体积的比值。定、转子外径比值越大，转子尺寸越大，而定子轭宽则会相应减小；反之亦然。定子轭宽越大，而定子狭槽以及转子的尺寸会相应减小；反之亦然。合理地设计定、转子外径比值和轭宽可以让电机的功率达到较大的值。
在本实施方式中，选取电机功率与体积的比值大于4.52，这样在相同的电机体积下，尤其是相同的定子外径的情况下，手持式电圆锯的握持感舒适而且功率更大。
参考表2，相同电机体积，定子轭宽增大或者定、转子外径比值增大，电机的功率呈现起伏变化。一种实施例中，定、转子外径比值范围为0.59至0.62，定子的外径不大于48mm。一种实施例中，定子的外径为46mm至48mm。另一种可替换的实施例中，定、转子外径比值范围为0.6至0.65，轭宽范围为3.5mm至3.8mm，轭宽过大会减小狭槽的面积，使定子绕线量降低。在这个尺寸范围内，电机的功率在靠近最大值的范围区间内波动。此时，电机的轴向长度即定子沿输出轴轴向长度L设置成不小于40mm，设置范围为45mm 至55mm，优选为45mm。
本发明的一种实施例中，电机42的输出功率P2与握持部40的外围周长之比大于1.9W/mm，这里的输出功率P2是指输入到工作对象的最大输出功率。手持式工具30的握持部外围周长为165mm～178mm。为了使握持部内侧有足够空间容纳电机42，定子88外径不大于48mm。
由上述描述可知，握持部40的周长会影响抓握的舒适性。但而握持部40的整体轮廓也会影响到操作者的抓握舒适性和疲劳程度。请参见图6，握持部40包括供操作者的虎口握持的第一握持区110、与所述第一握持区110相连的第二握持区112。在这里，用虚线示意了第一、第二握持区110和112。如果第一、第二握持区整体轮廓一样，不符合人体功能学设计，影响抓握的舒适性。如果第一、第二握持区过渡过大，则会带动操作者的手腕弯曲的的尺寸过大，那样导致手腕容易疲劳。参照图6，在实施例中，第一、第二握持区110和112平稳过渡，第二握持区112略大于第一握持区110。其中第一握持区110的周长范围通常在165mm-170mm之间；可以是166mm或168mm等。第二握持区112的周长范围通常在170mm-180mm之间；可以是175mm或178mm等。而在设计上，为了减少第二握持区112的周长，第二握持区112具有平行于输出轴48的轴线Y的侧平面113。如此，操作者的任何工作位置中可用一只手很舒适地引导手持式工具机30。
请参照图4，第一握持区110的尺寸可以通过宽度W1和高度H1来限定，在这里，第一握持区110的宽度为在X方向上的几何尺寸；第一握持区110的高度为Z方向上的几何尺寸。具体的，第一握持区110的尺寸范围在42mm×52mm至45mm×62mm之间。另一个实施方式中，第一握持区110的尺寸范围在42mm×58mm至44mm×61mm。另一个实施方式中，第一握持区110的尺寸范围在42mm×53mm至44mm×59mm。所述第一握持区的尺寸可以是43mm×59mm。
同样，请参照图7，第二握持区112的尺寸也可以通过宽度W2和高度H2来限定。具体的，第二握持区112的尺寸范围在48mm×59mm至51mm×62mm之间。另一个实施方式中，第二握持区112的尺寸为49mm×59mm至50mm×61mm。优选的，第二握持区的尺寸为49mm×60mm。
电机42的外径D与第二握持区112的高度尺寸的比值范围为0.74至0.78之间。如此设置，在电机的直径相当的情况下，握持尺寸最优。
锯片的直径在85mm-140mm之间，可以是120mm。为了使切割能力与握持舒适性达到较好的平衡，第二握持区112的高度尺寸与锯片44的直径的比值范围在0.4至0.6之间，其比值可以是0.5。定子外径与锯片44的直径的比值范围在0.33-0.54，其比值可以是0.38。
根据手掌的特点，第二握持区112的宽度W2略大于第一握持区110的宽度W1，可参见图8。第一握持区110的宽度尺寸与第二握持区112宽度尺寸的比例不小于0.82。
第二握持区112的高度H2略大于第一握持区110的高度H1，第一握持区112的高度尺寸与第二握持区112高度的尺寸的比例不小于0.89；或不小于0.93。
第一握持区110的顶部与第二握持区112的顶部基本位于一条直线上，可定义为顶部延长线114。顶部延长线114与工件抵靠面80形成α角。在实施例中，参照图9，进行最大切割时，锯片44从底板78上的锯片通孔82中穿过且驱动轴46与底板36之间距离最小，此时α角在10度～13度之间，可以是12度。参照图10，在操作者常用的切深时，如20mm切深时，此时α角为20度左右。而参照图11，在最小切割时，锯片44即将穿过但还未穿过底板78上的锯片通孔82，驱动轴46与底板36之间距离最大，此时α角为38度～42度之间。如此可见，操作者在进行任一深度切割时，操作者的手腕弯曲的尺寸都较小，操作舒适，不易疲劳。
请参见图12、图13和图15，在壳体后部36上还设有开关组件116。开关组件116包括与电机42电性连接的电子开关118、触发电子开关118的开关扳机120、以及允许和阻止开关扳机120活动的锁定开关122。
开关扳机120可活动地设置在壳体后部36，用于促使电子开关118控制电机42启动和停止。在本实施方式中，开关扳机120可移动地安装于壳体后部36，且位于连接部38和握持部40的连接区域。具体的，壳体后部36设有纵长延伸的导槽124，开关扳机120上设有与导槽124相配合的导向部126、与导向部126连接供操作者操作的操作部129。导向部126沿导槽124的延伸方向滑动，如此，开关扳机120则沿导槽124的延伸方向可移动地设置在壳体后部36上。在这里，导槽124由筋板125、127形成，导槽124的延伸方向垂直于输出轴48的轴线Y。当然，可以定义经过输出轴48的轴线Y且平行于驱动轴46的轴线X的平面为中心平面，导槽124的延伸方向垂直于 中心平面。即开关扳机120沿垂直于中心平面的方向移动地设置在壳体后部36内。进一步，请参见图2，导向部126和电子开关118均位于传动机构54和电机42之间。如此设置，结构更加紧凑，可以缩短壳体后部36的长度。当然，此处的开关扳机120也可以是枢转的方式或沿输出轴48的轴线Y的滑移的方式安装于壳体后部36上。
可以定义经过输出轴48的轴线Y且垂直于驱动轴46的轴线的平面为中间平面，该中间平面垂直于中心平面。壳体后部36为半壳构成，在这里，中间平面正好为两半壳的连接平面。可参见图2、图7和图14，电子开关118、输出轴48和开关扳机120在平行于中间平面上的投影至少部分重叠。如此设置，结构更加紧凑，减小了握持部40的高度及壳体后部36的长度。
在开关扳机120和壳体后部36之间设有弹簧117，弹簧117提供开关扳机120朝着与电子开关118断开位置移动的弹簧力。
上述握持部40的高度尺寸较小，如此，在控制开关扳机120时，更容易操作。
锁定开关122可操作地在防止开关扳机120从断开位置移动到接通位置的第一位置和允许开关扳机120从断开位置移动到接通位置的第二位置之间锁定开关122位于第一握持区110(可参见图6)。具体的，可参见图13，锁定开关120可沿垂直于轴线Y的方向可滑移的设置在第一握持区110内，锁定开关120的滑移方向也平行于驱动轴的轴线X。锁定开关120上设有止挡部123，止挡部123用于与开关扳机120相抵接。在防止开关扳机120从断开位置移动到接通位置的第一位置，止挡部123与开关扳机120相抵接。按压锁定开关122，使止挡部123脱离于开关扳机120的抵接，此时，允许开关扳机120从断开位置移动到接通位置，该锁定开关122处于第二位置。
在锁定开关122和壳体后部36之间设有弹簧119，弹簧119提供锁定开关122保持在防止开关扳机120从断开位置移动到接通位置的第一位置的弹簧力。
参见图2和图12、图15，电子开关118设置在壳体后部36的前端。而为结构紧凑，电子开关118位于电机42和第一轴承50之间；与壳体后部36滑移配合的导向部126也位于电机42和第一轴承50之间。进一步，电子开关118、开关扳机120均位于定子88和第一轴承50之间。为了更合理的布局，电子开关118和开关扳机120的操作部129分别位于中心平面的两侧。 如此，将电子开关118前置，而且电子开关118和开关扳机120在底板78上的投影重叠一半以上。通过合理的位置设计，使其结构更加紧凑，缩短了壳体后部36的长度。而且，导向部126的一面与壳体后部36配合，另一面面向电子开关118，结构更加紧凑，缩短了壳体后部36的宽度尺寸。
具体的，开关扳机120上设有有触发杆128，用于触发电子开关118上的触点。导向部126设置在操作部129的一侧；触发杆128设置在操作部129的另一侧，使布局更加合理。
需启动电机时，克服弹簧119的弹簧力，沿平行于驱动轴的轴线X的方向按压锁定开关122，使止挡部123脱离于开关扳机120的抵接；再克服弹簧117的弹簧力，沿垂直于中心平面的方向按压开关板机120，使触发杆128触发电子开关118上的触点(见图14中虚线)，启动电机。
电机的功率增大会使电机42在工作时产生更多的热量，握持部40尺寸减小会使散热风道的面积减小，以上因素都会导致电机的温度上升，所以有必要提高电机的散热效率。在本实施例，则通过增大风扇64的直径，提高冷却效果。而由于风扇64设置在壳体后部36的后端，安装在输出轴48的第二端62；且位于第二轴承52和定子88之间。因此，收容部66的尺寸也会略大于第二握持区112。收容部66的尺寸范围在58mm×70mm至68mm×80mm之间；另一个实施例中，收容部66的尺寸范围在62mm×72mm至66mm×78mm之间，可以是64mm×72mm。
如此设置，可以缩短壳体后部36的长度L2，也就缩短了手持式工具30的整机长度L3，而且各元件布局更加紧凑，同时还可以提高电机的冷却效果。
继续参见图8，在这里，壳体后部36的长度L1为205mm～210mm之间。而整机的长度L2为380mm～386mm之间，可以是384mm。长度是在Y方向上的几何尺寸。但长度并不包括从壳体后部36穿出的电源线。但如若是直流手持式工具，则应包括电池包的外部可看到的几何尺寸在内，那样，整机的长度或略微加长。
底板78沿纵长方向延伸的长度L3为224mm～228mm之间，可以是226mm。本发明中，壳体后部36的长度L1相较于一般手持式工具较短，从而使底板78沿纵长方向延伸的长度L3与整机的长度L2的比值在0.53～0.55之间。如此设置，在操作过程中，支撑更加稳定，操控性更好。
本发明并不限于前述实施方式，本领域技术人员在本发明技术精髓的启 示下还可能做出其他变更，但只要其实现的功能与本发明相同或相似，均应涵盖于本发明保护范围内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种手持式工具，其特征在于：所述手持式工具包括：
    电机，所述电机具有输出轴；
  2. 由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴；定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且垂直于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中间平面；
  3. 壳体，包括壳体前部和壳体后部，所述壳体前部用于收容所述驱动轴，所述壳体后部包括与所述壳体前部连接的连接部、与所述连接部连接的握持部；
  4. 底板，与所述壳体连接，所述底板具有用于抵靠工件的抵靠面；
  5. 开关组件，设置在所述壳体后部，所述开关组件包括电子开关和用于触发电子开关的开关扳机，所述电子开关、所述开关扳机和所述输出轴在平行于所述中间平面上的投影至少部分重叠。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述电子开关和所述开关扳机在所述底板上的投影重叠一半以上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且平行于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中心平面，所述开关扳机沿垂直于所述中心平面的方向移动地设置在所述壳体上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：定义经过所述输出轴的轴线Y且平行于所述驱动轴的轴线的平面为中心平面，所述开关扳机包括操作部，所述操作部和所述电子开关位于所述中心平面的两侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述开关组件还包括锁定开关，所述锁定开关在防止开关扳机从断开位置移动到接通位置的第一位置和允许开关扳机从断开位置移动到接通位置的第二位置之间移动，所述锁定开关沿平行于所述驱动轴的轴线可移动地设置在所述壳体上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述输出轴的轴线与所述驱动轴的轴线垂直。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述开关扳机包括导向部，所述导向部的一面与所述壳体后部配合；另一面面向所述电子开关。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述握持部包括第一 握持区、与所述第一握持区相连的第二握持区，其中所述第一握持区供操作者的虎口握持；所述第一握持区的宽度尺寸小于所述第二握持区的宽度尺寸，且所述第一握持区的宽度尺寸与所述第二握持区宽度尺寸的比例不小于0.82。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述第一握持区的高度尺寸与所述第二握持区高度的尺寸的比例不小于0.89。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述握持部包括第一握持区、与所述第一握持区相连的第二握持区，其中所述第一握持区供操作者的虎口握持；所述第一握持区的尺寸为42mm×52mm至45mm×62mm；所述第二握持区的尺寸为48mm×59mm至51mm×62mm。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述手持式工具的整机长度范围为380至386mm。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述底板沿纵长方向的长度与所述手持式工具的整机长度的比例在0.53～0.55之间。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述电机包括定子和同轴地套设在所述定子中的转子，所述转子与所述输出轴固定连接；所述定子的外径范围为45mm至48mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值范围为0.58至0.65，所述电机输出功率与体积的比值大于4.52W/cm3。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的手持式工具，其特征在于：所述定子外径范围为46mm至48mm，所述转子外径与所述定子外径比值的范围为0.59至0.62。
  19. 一种手持式工具，其特征在于：所述手持式工具包括：
  20. 壳体；
  21. 电机，所述电机具有输出轴，所述输出轴通过第一、第二轴承可转动地收容于所述壳体内；
  22. 由所述电机驱动并用于安装工作头的驱动轴，在所述输出轴和所述驱动轴之间设有传动机构，所述第一轴承靠近所述传动机构；
  23. 开关组件，设置在所述壳体上，所述开关组件包括电子开关和用于触发电子开关的开关扳机，所述电子开关位于所述第一轴承和所述电机之间。
PCT/CN2020/100149 2019-07-04 2020-07-03 手持式工具 WO2021000940A1 (zh)

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