WO2021000398A1 - 一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器 - Google Patents

一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021000398A1
WO2021000398A1 PCT/CN2019/102656 CN2019102656W WO2021000398A1 WO 2021000398 A1 WO2021000398 A1 WO 2021000398A1 CN 2019102656 W CN2019102656 W CN 2019102656W WO 2021000398 A1 WO2021000398 A1 WO 2021000398A1
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arm
spreading
spreader
movable arm
handle
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PCT/CN2019/102656
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王春晖
柳振涛
胡宏康
唐渊
蔡铮
卢成寅
李颖
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王春晖
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Publication of WO2021000398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021000398A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a scalp spreader used for neurosurgery craniotomy.
  • the distractor is a commonly used surgical instrument for neurosurgery craniotomy, especially small bone window craniotomy, puncture drainage, etc. It is mainly used to fully stretch the skin tissue and expose the skull completely, which is convenient for craniotomy operations. Scalp linear incision is usually performed during surgery. After full-thickness incision, the spreader is used to prop up all the incision cortex to fully expose the skull, and then use an electric drill to drill and open the craniotomy. However, there is no special scalp expansion device in clinical practice. Mastoid spreader is usually used to expose the skull after expanding the scalp incision. Although this method can fully expose, the skin incision is too large, which increases the hemostasis and suture time during the operation.
  • the scalp is composed of five different layers arranged in sequence, including skin, subcutaneous connective tissue, occipital frontalis muscle and galea aponeurosis, loose connective tissue and skull periosteum.
  • the spreader is in contact with the skull, because the surface of the skull is curved, the straight-line design of the fixed tip of the spreader cannot fully fit the surface of the skull, and it is difficult to fully support the skin at the start and end points of the incision, resulting in insufficient skull exposure , Affect the operation of craniotomy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scalp spreader that can fit the surface of the skull, stretch the entire thickness of the skull, and expose the skull to the greatest extent.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide a scalp spreader for neurosurgery craniotomy and a method of use for the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • a scalp spreader for neurosurgery craniotomy including a left spreading handle, a right spreading handle, a left spreading arm, and a right spreading arm ,
  • the left movable arm, the right movable arm, the locking tooth structure and the expansion hook, the left expansion handle and the right expansion handle are connected by a hinge pin, the left expansion handle and the right expansion handle are respectively connected to the left expansion handle
  • the arm and the right spreading arm are connected.
  • the left spreading arm and the right spreading arm are respectively connected with the left movable arm and the right movable arm through a ball pin structure.
  • the locking tooth structure includes a locking rack, a locking tooth wrench and a lock A tooth spring piece, the lock rack is fixed on the left expansion handle, the lock tooth wrench and the lock tooth spring piece are fixed on the right expansion handle, and the expansion hooks are respectively installed on the left expansion arm, Right spread arm and left movable arm, right movable arm.
  • the upper ends of the left spreading arm and the right spreading arm are cylindrical structures, two spreading hooks are fixed on the outside, and a ball head seat is provided at the head end.
  • a notch is provided on one side of the ball head seat, and the size of the ball head seat is adapted to the ball heads of the left movable arm and the right movable arm.
  • the upper and lower ends of the left movable arm and the right movable arm are cylindrical structures, the middle is a truncated cone structure, and the cross-sectional diameter of the lower end is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the upper end.
  • the cross-sectional diameter of the upper end of the left movable arm and the right movable arm is equal to the diameter of the upper end of the left spreading arm and the right spreading arm.
  • left movable arm and the right movable arm are fixed on the outer side of the upper ends with two spreading hooks, and the lower ends are provided with ball heads, which are adapted to the size of the ball head seat.
  • the diameter of the ball head is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the upper end of the left movable arm and the right movable arm.
  • the expansion hook is a blunt hook.
  • the utility model has beneficial technical effects: compared with the prior art, the scalp spreader used for neurosurgery craniotomy is simple in structure and convenient and quick to use.
  • the ball pin structure with notches is used to ensure that the movable arm is inclined to the side of the scalp, so that the upper end of the spreading arm and the movable arm are tightly attached to the curved surface of the skull, which can spread the full-thickness scalp tissue on both sides of the entire incision;
  • the pin structure also enables the movable arm to move to the inside of the incision, which makes the incision approximately circular while opening the incision, exposing the operation field to the greatest extent, reducing the length of the incision, shortening the operation time, and facilitating the operation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a scalp spreader used in neurosurgical craniotomy of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a scalp expander used in neurosurgical craniotomy of the present invention when it is expanded.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the left ball pin structure of a scalp expander used in neurosurgical craniotomy of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an overall sectional view of the left ball pin of a scalp spreader used in neurosurgical craniotomy of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-sectional structure in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the B-B cross-sectional structure in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the spreading hook structure of a scalp spreader used in neurosurgical craniotomy of the utility model.
  • a scalp spreader used for neurosurgical craniotomy includes left spreading handle 1, right spreading handle 2, left spreading arm 3, right spreading arm 4, and left movable
  • the arm 5, the right movable arm 6, the locking tooth structure 7 and the spreading hook 8, the left spreading handle 1 and the right spreading handle 2 are connected by a hinge pin 9, the left spreading handle 1, the right spreading handle 2 are connected to the left spreading arm 3 and the right spreading arm 4 respectively.
  • the left spreading arm 3 and the right spreading arm 4 are respectively connected to the left movable arm 5 and the right movable arm 6 through the ball pin structure 10.
  • the locking tooth structure 7 includes a locking rack 7-1, a locking tooth wrench 7-2, and a locking tooth spring sheet 7-3.
  • the locking rack 7-1 is fixed on the left spreading handle 1, and the locking tooth wrench 7 -2 and the lock tooth spring sheet 7-3 are fixed on the right spreading handle 2, the spreading hook 8 is respectively installed on the left spreading arm 3, right spreading arm 4, left movable arm 5, right movable arm 6 on.
  • the upper ends of the left spreading arm 3 and the right spreading arm 4 have a cylindrical structure, two spreading hooks 8 are fixed on the outside, and a ball head seat 10-1 is provided at the head end.
  • a notch is provided on one side of the ball head seat 10-1, and the size of the ball head seat 10-1 is adapted to the ball head 10-2 of the left movable arm 5 and the right movable arm 6.
  • the upper and lower ends of the left movable arm 5 and the right movable arm 6 are cylindrical structures, the middle is a truncated cone structure, and the cross-sectional diameter of the lower end is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the upper end.
  • the upper end cross-sectional diameter of the left movable arm 5 and the right movable arm 6 is equal to the upper end cross-sectional diameter of the left spreading arm 3 and the right spreading arm 4.
  • the left movable arm 5 and the right movable arm 6 are fixed with two spreading hooks 8 on the outer side of the upper ends, and a ball head 10-2 is provided at the lower end, which is adapted to the size of the ball head seat 10-1.
  • the diameter of the ball head 10-2 is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the upper end of the left movable arm 5 and the right movable arm 6.
  • the expansion hook 8 is a blunt hook.
  • Step 1 Position the linear incision, cut the full-thickness scalp, pull the lock-tooth wrench, open the expansion handle, and close the expansion arm and movable arm;
  • Step 2 Place the spreading arm and the movable arm at the incision, and turn the movable arm toward the scalp with the ball pin structure as the center, so that the spreading arm and the movable arm fit the curved surface of the scalp;
  • Step 3 Use the left and right spreading arms and the spreading hooks on the movable arm to hook up the full-thickness scalp tissue on both sides of the incision, pinch the spreading handle, open the spreading arm to expand the incision, and the movable arm is centered on the ball pin structure. Move to the inside of the incision so that the incision is approximately circular and exposed to the greatest extent;
  • Step 4 Check the lock tooth wrench to ensure that the lock tooth structure is locked so that the scalp spreader maintains the expanded state.
  • the scalp spreader of the utility model has reasonable design, simple manufacture and convenient operation. It can be used for various neurosurgical craniotomy operations such as ventricular drainage, drilling drainage, etc., and can reduce scalp incisions and open the full-thickness scalp tissue of the incision , The skull is exposed to the greatest extent, which is convenient for craniotomy and improves the efficiency of the operation.

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Abstract

一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器，其包括左撑开柄（1）、右撑开柄（2）、左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）、左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）、锁齿结构（7）和撑开钩（8），左撑开柄（1）和右撑开柄（2）通过铰链销（9）相连接，左撑开柄（1）、右撑开柄（2）分别与左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）连接，左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）分别与左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）通过球销结构（10）相连接，锁齿结构（7）包括锁齿条（7-1）、锁齿扳手（7-2）和锁齿弹簧片（7-3），锁齿条（7-1）固定在左撑开柄（1）上，锁齿扳手（7-2）和锁齿弹簧片（7-3）固定在右撑开柄（2）上，撑开钩（8）分别安装在左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）和左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）上。该头皮撑开器结构简单，使用方便快捷，利用带有缺口的球销结构，能够撑开整个切口两侧全层头皮组织，在撑开切口的同时使切口呈近似圆形，最大程度的暴露术野，减少切口的长度，缩短手术时间，提高手术效率。

Description

一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器 技术领域
本实用新型涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器。
 背景技术
撑开器是神经外科开颅手术特别是小骨窗开颅术、穿刺引流术等常用的一种手术器械，主要用于充分撑开头皮组织，彻底暴露颅骨，便于开颅手术操作。手术过程中通常行头皮直线型切口，全层切开头皮后利用撑开器将切口皮层全部撑起，充分显露颅骨，然后利用电钻进行钻孔开颅。但是临床上并没有专门的头皮撑开装置，通常扩大头皮切口后采用乳突撑开器来暴露颅骨，这种方法虽能充分暴露，但由于皮肤切口过大，使手术中止血及缝合时间增多，不利于手术操作。而且头皮由五个不同的层次依次排列组成，包括皮肤、皮下结缔组织、枕额肌和帽状腱膜、疏松结缔组织和颅骨骨膜。撑开器与颅骨接触时，由于颅骨表面呈弧形，撑开器头端固定的直线型设计不能完全贴合颅骨表面，难以在切口的起止点处全层撑开头皮，造成颅骨暴露不充分，影响开颅手术操作。因此临床上急需一种能够贴合颅骨表面、撑开头皮全层、最大程度暴露颅骨的头皮撑开器。
 技术问题
本实用新型的目的在于针对现有技术上存在的不足，提供一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器及其使用方法。
 技术解决方案
本实用新型的目的可通过下述的技术方案来实现：一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器，包括左撑开柄、右撑开柄、左撑开臂、右撑开臂、左活动臂、右活动臂、锁齿结构和撑开钩，所述左撑开柄和右撑开柄通过铰链销相连接，所述左撑开柄、右撑开柄分别与左撑开臂、右撑开臂连接，所述左撑开臂、右撑开臂分别与左活动臂、右活动臂通过球销结构相连接，所述锁齿结构包括锁齿条、锁齿扳手和锁齿弹簧片，所述锁齿条固定在左撑开柄上，所述锁齿扳手和锁齿弹簧片固定在右撑开柄上，所述撑开钩分别安装在所述左撑开臂、右撑开臂和左活动臂、右活动臂上。
进一步地，所述左撑开臂、右撑开臂上端为圆柱体结构，外侧固定有两个撑开钩，头端设置有球头座。
近一步地，所述球头座的一侧设置有缺口，所述球头座的大小与所述左活动臂、右活动臂的球头相适应。
近一步地，所述左活动臂、右活动臂上下端为圆柱体形结构，中间为圆台形结构，下端截面直径小于上端截面直径。
近一步地，所述左活动臂、右活动臂上端截面直径与所述左撑开臂、右撑开臂上端截面直径相等。
进一步地，所述左活动臂、右活动臂上端外侧固定有两个撑开钩，下端设置有球头，与所述球头座的大小相适应。
近一步地，所述球头的直径小于所述左活动臂、右活动臂上端截面直径。
近一步地，所述撑开钩为钝性钩。
 有益效果
本实用新型具有的有益技术效果：与现有技术相比，本实用新型的一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器结构简单，使用方便快捷。利用带有缺口的球销结构，保证活动臂向头皮侧倾斜，使撑开臂上端和活动臂都紧紧贴合颅骨弧形表面，能够撑开整个切口两侧全层头皮组织；同时该球销结构也使活动臂可以向切口内侧移动，在撑开切口的同时使切口呈近似圆形，最大程度的暴露术野，减少切口的长度，缩短手术时间，便于手术操作。
 附图说明
图1为本实用新型的一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器整体结构示意图。
图2为本实用新型的一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器撑开时结构示意图。
图3为本实用新型的一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器左球销结构示意图。
图4为本实用新型的一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器左球销整体剖面图。
图5为图4中A-A截面结构示意图。
图6为图4中B-B截面结构示意图。
图7为本实用新型一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器的撑开钩结构示意图。
附图标记说明：1、左撑开柄；2、右撑开柄；3、左撑开臂；4、右撑开臂；5、左活动臂；6、右活动臂；7、锁齿结构；7-1、锁齿条；7-2、锁齿扳手；7-3、锁齿弹簧片；8、撑开钩；9、铰链销；10、球销结构；10-1、球头座；10-2、球头。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图和实例对本实用新型做进一步说明。
在本实用新型的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“前”、“后”、 “左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型保护范围的限制。
如图1-7所示，一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器，包括左撑开柄1、右撑开柄2、左撑开臂3、右撑开臂4、左活动臂5、右活动臂6、锁齿结构7和撑开钩8，所述左撑开柄1和右撑开柄2通过铰链销9相连接，所述左撑开柄1、右撑开柄2分别与左撑开臂3、右撑开臂4连接，所述左撑开臂3、右撑开臂4分别与左活动臂5、右活动臂6通过球销结构10相连接，所述锁齿结构7包括锁齿条7-1、锁齿扳手7-2和锁齿弹簧片7-3，所述锁齿条7-1固定在左撑开柄1上，所述锁齿扳手7-2和锁齿弹簧片7-3固定在右撑开柄2上，所述撑开钩8分别安装在所述左撑开臂3、右撑开臂4和左活动臂5、右活动臂6上。
所述左撑开臂3、右撑开臂4上端为圆柱体结构，外侧固定有两个撑开钩8，头端设置有球头座10-1。所述球头座10-1的一侧设置有缺口，所述球头座10-1的大小与所述左活动臂5、右活动臂6的球头10-2相适应。所述左活动臂5、右活动臂6上下端为圆柱体形结构，中间为圆台形结构，下端截面直径小于上端截面直径。所述左活动臂5、右活动臂6上端截面直径与所述左撑开臂3、右撑开臂4上端截面直径相等。所述左活动臂5、右活动臂6上端外侧固定有两个撑开钩8，下端设置有球头10-2，与所述球头座10-1的大小相适应。所述球头10-2的直径小于所述左活动臂5、右活动臂6上端截面直径。所述撑开钩8为钝性钩。
 本发明的实施方式
步骤1.定位直线切口，切开全层头皮，扳动锁齿扳手，打开撑开柄，闭合撑开臂和活动臂；
步骤2.将撑开臂和活动臂放置在切口处，以球销结构为中心向头皮方向转动活动臂，使撑开臂和活动臂贴合头皮弧形表面；
步骤3.用左右撑开臂和活动臂上的撑开钩钩起切口两侧的全层头皮组织，捏拢撑开柄，打开撑开臂撑开切口，活动臂以球销结构为中心，向切口内侧移动，使切口呈近似圆形，最大程度暴露；
步骤4.检查锁齿扳手，确保锁齿结构锁紧，使头皮撑开器维持撑开状态。
本实用新型的头皮撑开器设计合理，制作简单，操作方便，可用于脑室外引流术、钻孔引流术等多种神经外科开颅手术，能够减小头皮切口，撑开切口全层头皮组织，最大程度暴露颅骨，便于开颅操作，提高了手术效率。
以上是本实用新型一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器的详细介绍，需要指出的是，本实用新型并不局限于上述特定实施方式。本领域技术人员在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下对技术方案做出的各种变形和修改，都将落入本实用新型权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：包括左撑开柄（1）、右撑开柄（2）、左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）、左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）、锁齿结构（7）和撑开钩（8），所述左撑开柄（1）和右撑开柄（2）通过铰链销（9）相连接，所述左撑开柄（1）、右撑开柄（2）分别与左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）连接，所述左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）分别与左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）通过球销结构（10）相连接，所述锁齿结构（7）包括锁齿条（7-1）、锁齿扳手（7-2）和锁齿弹簧片（7-3），所述锁齿条（7-1）固定在左撑开柄（1）上，所述锁齿扳手（7-2）和锁齿弹簧片（7-3）固定在右撑开柄（2）上，所述撑开钩（8）分别安装在所述左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）和左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：所述左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）上端为圆柱体结构，外侧固定有两个撑开钩（8），头端设置有球头座（10-1）。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：所述球头座（10-1）的一侧设置有缺口，所述球头座（10-1）的大小与所述左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）的球头（10-2）相适应。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：所述左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）上下端为圆柱体形结构，中间为圆台形结构，下端截面直径小于上端截面直径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：所述左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）上端截面直径与所述左撑开臂（3）、右撑开臂（4）上端截面直径相等。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）上端外侧固定有两个撑开钩（8），下端设置有球头（10-2），与所述球头座（10-1）的大小相适应。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：所述球头（10-2）的直径小于所述左活动臂（5）、右活动臂（6）上端截面直径。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的头皮撑开器，其特征在于：所述撑开钩（8）为钝性钩。
PCT/CN2019/102656 2019-06-29 2019-08-27 一种用于神经外科开颅手术的头皮撑开器 WO2021000398A1 (zh)

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