WO2020259042A1

WO2020259042A1 - Complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2020259042A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/086411
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王凤鹏; 曾祥志; 王兴权; 魏晓星; 张程荣
Original assignee: 江西视鼎科技有限公司; 赣南师范大学
Priority date: 2019-06-28
Filing date: 2020-04-23
Publication date: 2020-12-30
Also published as: CN110187627A; CN110187627B

Abstract

A complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method. The device comprises: a lensless digital camera (1), a sampling board (2), a connection housing (3), and a processor; the lensless digital camera (1) comprises an image sensor (11); the sampling board (2) is provided in parallel with the image sensor (11); the lensless digital camera (1) and the sampling board (2) are connected by means of the connection housing (3); a lighting area (21) having the same size and shape as the image sensor (11) is provided on the sampling board (2); a plurality of lighting holes (211) are provided in the lighting area (21); the central position of the lighting area (21) is on the same horizontal line as the central position of the image sensor (11). Light passes through an object to irradiate the sampling board (2), and then passes through the lighting holes (21) to be diffracted and propagated to the image sensor (11), the image sensor (11) obtains a light intensity distribution map (I) of the light wave, and then the processor uses the complex amplitude sensing imaging method to obtain a complex amplitude distribution map of the object by means of calculation, thereby realizing holographic imaging of the object. The complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method improve the object imaging accuracy without reference light.

Description

Complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on June 28, 2019, the application number is 201910571757.9, and the invention title is "a complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method", the entire content of which is incorporated by reference In this application.

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of holographic imaging technology, in particular to a complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method.

Background technique

Due to the high frequency of light waves, the existing photodetectors (including image sensors) can only measure light intensity information, but cannot measure light phase information, so the existing image sensors can only obtain light wave intensity distribution information. At present, to obtain the phase distribution information of light waves, it is usually necessary to introduce a beam of reference light, which is the digital holography technology. Digital holography technology for wavefront detection or holographic imaging involves two steps: the first step is to use a digital image sensor (such as CCD or CMOS device) to record a hologram formed by the interference of object light and reference light. The second step is to input the hologram into the computer, and obtain the reconstructed image of the object through the program to simulate the diffraction and propagation process of light. Digital holography technology can simultaneously obtain the intensity information and phase information of the object light. However, due to the need for the reference light, the optical path is relatively complicated, and errors are easily generated due to the disturbance of the reference light, and the holographic image of the object cannot be accurately obtained, which greatly restricts the practical application.

For example, in the literature [1]Horisaki R, OguraY, Aino M, et al. Single-shot phase imaging with a coded aperture[J]. Opt Lett. 2014,39(22):6466-9, the transmission of the sampling plate The function is a known binary function, and the position of the light-transmitting part is randomly distributed. After the object light wave irradiates the sampling plate, the light of the transmitted part will reach the surface of the image sensor through diffraction. During imaging, the image sensor records the diffracted light intensity. Then, the diffracted light intensity recorded by the image sensor using the phase recovery algorithm reconstructs the complex amplitude of the light-transmitting part of the sampling plate. Finally, the compressed sensing algorithm is used to reconstruct the complex amplitude in the plane of the object from the complex amplitude of the light-transmitting part of the sampling plate, that is, to realize the holographic imaging of the object. Due to the compressed sensing technology used in this method, it is only suitable for imaging sparse objects. When the phase of the object is continuously distributed and the phase fluctuation is greater than 2π, accurate imaging results cannot be obtained.

In the literature [2] Cheng ZJ, Wang BY, Xie YY, et al. Phase retrieval and diffractive imaging based on Babinet's principle and complementary random sampling[J]. Opt Express. 2015, 23(22): 28874-82, use The spatial light modulator is used as a sampling plate, and the position of the transparent part may be controlled by a computer. When imaging, all pixels on the spatial light modulator are randomly divided into four parts. A quarter of the randomly distributed pixels in the computer-controlled spatial light modulator can transmit light, and the rest of the pixels are opaque. The image sensor records the intensity of the next diffracted light, and uses the phase recovery algorithm to record the diffracted light intensity of the image sensor The complex amplitude of the transparent pixels on the sampling plate is reconstructed. Then, the other quarter of the pixels of the spatial light modulator are made to transmit light, the image sensor records the second diffracted light intensity, and the second diffracted light intensity recorded by the image sensor by the phase recovery algorithm is used to reconstruct the sampling plate The second part of the complex amplitude of the transparent pixel. Then, make the other quarter of the pixels of the spatial light modulator transmit light, the image sensor records the third diffracted light intensity, and the third diffracted light intensity recorded by the image sensor using the phase recovery algorithm is used to reconstruct the sampling plate The third part of the complex amplitude of the transparent pixel. Then, the remaining quarter of the pixels of the spatial light modulator are made to transmit light, the image sensor records the fourth diffracted light intensity, and the fourth diffracted light intensity recorded by the image sensor using the phase recovery algorithm to reconstruct the sampling plate The fourth part of the complex amplitude of the transparent pixel. Therefore, the complex amplitudes of all pixels in the sampling plate (spatial light modulator) can be reconstructed from the recorded four diffracted light intensities, and then propagated back to the object plane to obtain the complex amplitude in the object plane, and realize the Holographic imaging. However, this method uses a spatial light modulator as a sampling plate, and the instrument is expensive and requires multiple recordings, which cannot achieve accurate imaging of dynamic objects.

And literature [3] Wang BY, Han L, Yang Y, et al. Wavefront sensing based on a spatial light modulator and incremental sampling[J]. Opt Lett. 2017, 42(3): 603-6. The imaging method is similar to the method disclosed in [2], except that the number of pixels through which the computer-controlled spatial light modulator transmits light gradually increases. In imaging, when the diffracted light intensity is recorded for the first time, the spatial light modulator has approximately one-quarter light-transmitting pixels; when the diffracted light intensity is recorded for the second time, the spatial light modulator has approximately two-quarters light-transmitting pixels; When the diffracted light intensity is recorded for the third time, the spatial light modulator has about three-quarters of the transparent pixels; when the diffracted light intensity is recorded for the fourth time, all the pixels of the spatial light modulator are transparent. In image reconstruction, first use the phase recovery algorithm to reconstruct the complex amplitude of the pixels of the first transmitted light from the first diffracted light intensity; then, use the phase recovery algorithm to record the diffracted light intensity and the first transmitted light from the second time. The complex amplitude of the pixel reconstructs the complex amplitude of the two-quarters of the light-transmitting part of the second pass; then, the phase recovery algorithm is used to obtain the diffracted light intensity recorded by the third pass and the complex of the second pass-through part of the pixel. Amplitude reconstructs the complex amplitude of the three-quarters of the light-transmitting pixels of the third pass; finally, reconstructs all the pixels of the spatial light modulation from the diffracted light intensity recorded in the fourth pass and the complex amplitude of the third-pass light-transmitting pixels The complex amplitude of, then propagates back to the object plane, then the complex amplitude in the object plane can be obtained, and the holographic imaging of the object can be realized. Because in this method, a spatial light modulator needs to be used as a sampling plate, the instrument is expensive, and multiple recordings are required, and accurate imaging of dynamic objects cannot be achieved.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method, which can improve the accuracy of object imaging without reference light.

In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides the following solutions:

A complex amplitude sensing imaging device, including: a lensless digital camera, a sampling board, a connecting shell and a processor;

The lensless digital camera includes an image sensor; the sampling board is arranged in parallel with the image sensor; the lensless digital camera and the sampling board are connected through the connecting shell;

A lighting area with the same size and shape as the image sensor is provided on the sampling plate; a plurality of lighting holes are opened on the lighting area;

The center position of the lighting area and the center position of the image sensor are located on the same horizontal straight line;

The image sensor is used to obtain a light intensity distribution map of the diffracted light passing through the lighting area;

The processor is used to convert the light intensity distribution map acquired by the image sensor into a complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor, and to correct the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor; the processor is also It is used to convert the corrected complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into the complex amplitude distribution map of the sample object.

Optionally, the size of the daylighting hole is the same as the size of the pixel on the image sensor;

The shape of the lighting hole is the same as the shape of the pixel on the image sensor.

Optionally, the distance between the lighting holes is equal to the size of the pixels of the image sensor.

Optionally, the connecting shell is a cylindrical tube made of opaque material.

A complex amplitude sensing imaging method, including:

Step A, using the complex amplitude sensing imaging device to obtain a light intensity distribution map of the diffracted light of the sample object;

Step B: Generate a first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor from the light intensity distribution map;

Step C: Convert the first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into the first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step D: Set the complex amplitude value of the opaque part corresponding to the lighting area in the first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area to 0 to obtain a second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step E, converting the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area into a second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor;

Step F: Determine whether the difference between the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor obtained by the nth calculation and the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor obtained by the n-1th calculation is less than Set value; where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

Step G. If the difference is greater than or equal to the set value, extract the phase distribution of the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane; according to the phase distribution, the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane The complex amplitude distribution map is transformed into the third complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane, and the first complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane in step C is replaced with the third complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane. After the complex amplitude distribution diagram, repeat the above step CF;

Step H. If the difference is less than the set value, extract the phase distribution of the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane; according to the phase distribution, the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane is The amplitude distribution map is transformed into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor;

Step I: Convert the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step J. Fill the part of the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area where the complex amplitude value is 0 to obtain a fourth complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area; The complex amplitude distribution map is the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step K: Converting the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area into the complex amplitude distribution map of the sample object.

Optionally, the converting a second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor according to the phase distribution includes: using a formula

The third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor is calculated; where exp is an exponential function based on the natural constant e, I is the light intensity distribution map, j is the imaginary number symbol, and φ _(n) is the nth time For the extracted phase distribution, n represents the number of iterations and is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Optionally, the angular spectrum propagation method is used to perform mutual conversion between the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor and the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area.

Optionally, the filling in the part of the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area where the complex amplitude value is 0 includes: using each lighting in the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area The complex amplitude value corresponding to the hole interpolates and fills the opaque part with the complex amplitude value of 0 in the third complex amplitude distribution diagram in the plane of the lighting area.

According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: in the complex amplitude sensing imaging device provided by the present invention, a lighting area with the same size and shape as the image sensor is provided on the sampling plate, In addition, a plurality of lighting holes are opened in the lighting area, so that the light irradiated on the object can be diffracted and transmitted to the image sensor after passing through the sampling plate, and the image sensor obtains the light intensity distribution map of this light wave. The processor calculates the complex amplitude distribution map of the object based on the imaging method disclosed in the present invention, and realizes the holographic imaging of the object. In addition, in the entire imaging method, the complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane is corrected by an iterative operation that simulates the repeated propagation of the complex amplitude of the light wave between the plane of the sampling plate and the plane of the image sensor to further improve the object. The accuracy of imaging.

Description and drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative work, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sampling plate in a complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a working principle diagram of a complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a working flowchart of a complex amplitude sensing imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Among them, 1-lensless digital camera, 11-image sensor, 2-sampling board, 21-lighting area, 211-lighting hole, 3-connecting shell.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a complex amplitude sensing imaging device includes: a lensless digital camera 1, a sampling board 2, a connecting shell 3, and a processor ；

The lensless digital camera 1 includes an image sensor 11; the sampling board 2 is arranged in parallel with the image sensor 11; the lensless digital camera 1 and the sampling board 2 are connected through the connecting shell 3;

The sampling board 1 is provided with a lighting area 21 of the same size and shape as the image sensor 11; the lighting area 21 is provided with a plurality of lighting holes 211;

Taking the square pixel arrangement as an example, as shown in FIG. 2, the size and shape of the lighting hole 211 are the same as the size and shape of the pixels on the image sensor 11. In addition, the distance between the lighting holes 211 is equal to the size of the pixels of the image sensor 11. And if the number of pixels of the image sensor 11 is M×N, the number of lighting holes 211 in the lighting area is

If the size of the pixel of the image sensor 11 is Δ, the lighting hole 211 is a square lighting hole with a side length of Δ.

In order to further improve the accuracy of imaging, the arrangement of the lighting holes 211 in the lighting area 21 is set to be exactly the same as the arrangement of the pixels in the image sensor 11, and each pixel corresponds to a lighting area 21.孔211.

The center position of the lighting area 21 and the center position of the image sensor 11 are located on the same horizontal straight line, which enables the lighting area 21 to be vertically projected onto the image sensor 11 and the projection coincides with the image sensor 11.

As shown in Figure 3, during imaging, after the parallel light passes through the object, it is irradiated on the sampling plate 2. Part of the light passes through the lighting hole 211, and then diffracts and propagates to the image sensor 11. The image sensor 11 records the diffracted light intensity distribution. Figure (I), the processor converts the light intensity distribution map (I) acquired by the image sensor 11 into a complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor, and compares the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor 11 Perform the correction, and finally convert the corrected complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor 11 into the complex amplitude distribution map of the sample object.

Wherein, the connecting shell 3 is a cylindrical tube made of opaque material. The connecting shell 3 can shield the surrounding light.

In addition, the complex amplitude sensing imaging method disclosed in the present invention is similar to the traditional phase recovery algorithm. Iterative calculation is achieved by simulating the repeated propagation of the complex amplitude of the light wave between the plane of the sampling plate and the plane of the image sensor, and the transmission distribution characteristics of the sampling plate are used as The constraint conditions in the plane of the sampling plate gradually restore the complex amplitude of the lighting hole. Fig. 4 is a working flowchart of a complex amplitude sensing imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4, the method includes:

Step B: Generate a first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor 11 from the light intensity distribution map; the first complex amplitude distribution map is

Where j represents the imaginary symbol, and the initial value of φ is set to 0 or a random value between 0 and π.

Step C: Transform the first complex amplitude distribution map O _{r(1) in the} plane of the image sensor 11 into the first complex amplitude distribution map O _{s(n) in the} plane of the lighting area 21 by using the angular spectrum propagation method;

Step D. Use the angular spectrum propagation method to set the complex amplitude value of the opaque portion corresponding to the light-emitting area in the first complex amplitude distribution map O _s(n) in the plane of the lighting area 21 to 0 to obtain the lighting area 21 The second complex amplitude distribution map O _{'s(n) in the} plane;

Step E: Transforming the second complex amplitude distribution map O′ _{s(n) in the} plane of the lighting area 21 into the second complex amplitude distribution map O′ _{r(n) in the} plane of the image sensor 11 by using the angular spectrum propagation method;

Step F: Determine the second complex amplitude distribution map _O'r(n) in the plane of the image sensor 11 obtained by the nth calculation and the second complex amplitude distribution map _O'r(n) in the plane of the image sensor 11 obtained by the n-1th calculation. Whether the difference value of the amplitude distribution map o'r _(n-1) is less than the set value; the set value is a threshold that is artificially set according to actual needs. Wherein, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

Step G. If the difference value is greater than or equal to the set value, extract the phase distribution of the second complex amplitude distribution map _O'r(n) in the plane of the image sensor 11; and adopt The angular spectrum propagation method converts the second complex amplitude distribution map _{O'r(n) in the} plane of the image sensor 11 into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor 11; The complex amplitude distribution diagram is

After replacing the first complex amplitude distribution map _{Or(1) in the} plane of the image sensor 11 in the step C with the third complex amplitude distribution map _Or(n) in the plane of the image sensor 11, Repeat the above step CF;

Step H. If the difference is less than the set value, extract the phase distribution of the second complex amplitude distribution map _O'r(n) in the plane of the image sensor 11; and adopt the angle according to the phase distribution. The spectral propagation method converts the second complex amplitude distribution map _{O'r(n) in the} plane of the image sensor 11 into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor 11; the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor 11 The amplitude distribution diagram is

Among them, exp is the exponential function with the natural constant e as the base, I is the light intensity distribution diagram, j is the imaginary symbol, φ _(n) is the phase distribution extracted for the nth time, n represents the number of iterations and is greater than or equal to 2 Integer.

Step I: Transforming the third complex amplitude distribution map O _{r(n) in the} plane of the image sensor 11 into a third complex amplitude distribution map O" _{s(n) in the} plane of the lighting area 21 by using the angular spectrum propagation method;

Step J. Fill in the part of the third complex amplitude distribution map O" _s(n) in the plane of the lighting area 21 where the complex amplitude value is 0 to obtain a fourth complex amplitude distribution map O" in the plane of the lighting area 21 ′ _S(n) ; the fourth complex amplitude distribution map O"' _{s(n) in} the plane of the lighting zone 21 is the complex amplitude distribution map O _o in the plane of the lighting zone 21; wherein, in the plane of the lighting zone 21 The part of the third complex amplitude distribution map O" _s(n) in which the complex amplitude value is 0 is filled with interpolation. During the filling process, according to the third complex amplitude distribution map O" _s(n) in the plane of the lighting zone 21, the complex amplitude value corresponding to each lighting hole 211 is compared to the third complex amplitude in the plane of the lighting zone 21. The opaque part with the complex amplitude value of 0 in the amplitude distribution diagram is filled by interpolation, for example, by averaging the complex amplitude values of two lighting holes adjacent to a certain opaque part, it is regarded as the opaque part The complex amplitude value is filled.

Step K: Use the angular spectrum propagation method to convert the complex amplitude distribution map O _{o in the} plane of the lighting area 21 into the complex amplitude distribution map of the sample object.

In the complex amplitude sensing imaging device provided by the present invention, a lighting area with the same size and shape as the image sensor is provided on the sampling plate, and a plurality of lighting holes are also opened on the lighting area, so that the object is illuminated After passing through the sampling plate, the above light can be diffracted and transmitted to the image sensor, and the image sensor obtains the light intensity distribution map of this light wave. The processor calculates the complex amplitude distribution map of the object based on the imaging method disclosed in the present invention, and realizes the holographic imaging of the object. In addition, in the entire imaging method, the complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane is corrected by an iterative operation that simulates the repeated propagation of the complex amplitude of the light wave between the plane of the sampling plate and the plane of the image sensor to further improve the object. The accuracy of imaging.

In addition, the present invention also has the following technical effects:

1. Based on the existing phase recovery algorithm, the transmission distribution characteristics of the sampling plate are used as the constraints in the plane of the sampling plate, and the complex amplitude distribution of the light waves on each lighting hole is gradually restored through iterative calculations, and then the interpolation method is used to compensate Integrate the complex amplitude values of the opaque part of the sampling plate to obtain a complete complex amplitude distribution diagram of the light wave in the plane of the sampling plate, which can realize the to-be-measured for complex shapes or phase fluctuations greater than 2π without reference light and single exposure Holographic imaging of objects.

2. The center distance of adjacent lighting holes in the device disclosed in the present invention is equal to 2 times the pixel size of the image sensor, that is, the sampling interval is equal to 2 times the pixel size of the image sensor. Therefore, the theoretical minimum resolvable distance of the imaging system is equal to 2 times the pixel size of the image sensor.

3. The complex amplitude sensing imaging device and method provided by the present invention can also accurately detect the wavefront information of light waves by calculating the phase of the complex amplitude distribution map O _o in the plane of the lighting area.

The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above examples is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention There will be changes in the specific implementation and scope of application. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

A complex amplitude sensing imaging device, which is characterized by comprising: a lensless digital camera, a sampling board, a connection shell and a processor;

The lensless digital camera includes an image sensor; the sampling board is arranged in parallel with the image sensor; the lensless digital camera and the sampling board are connected through the connecting shell;

A lighting area with the same size and shape as the image sensor is provided on the sampling plate; a plurality of lighting holes are opened on the lighting area;

The center position of the lighting area and the center position of the image sensor are located on the same horizontal straight line;

The image sensor is used to obtain a light intensity distribution map of the diffracted light passing through the lighting area;

The processor is used to convert the light intensity distribution map acquired by the image sensor into a complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor, and to correct the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor; the processor is also It is used to convert the corrected complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into the complex amplitude distribution map of the sample object.
The complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the size of the daylighting hole is the same as the size of the pixels on the image sensor;

The shape of the lighting hole is the same as the shape of the pixel on the image sensor.
The complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the lighting holes is equal to the size of the pixels of the image sensor.
The complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting shell is a cylindrical tube made of opaque material.
A complex amplitude sensing imaging method, characterized in that it is applied to the complex amplitude sensing imaging device according to any one of claims 1-4; the method includes:

Step A, using the complex amplitude sensing imaging device to obtain a light intensity distribution map of the diffracted light of the sample object;

Step B: Generate a first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor from the light intensity distribution map;

Step C: Convert the first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into the first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step D: Set the complex amplitude value of the opaque part corresponding to the lighting area in the first complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area to 0 to obtain a second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step E, converting the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area into a second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor;

Step F: Determine whether the difference between the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor obtained by the nth calculation and the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor obtained by the n-1th calculation is less than Set value; where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

Step G. If the difference is greater than or equal to the set value, extract the phase distribution of the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane; according to the phase distribution, the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane The complex amplitude distribution map is transformed into the third complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane, and the first complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane in step C is replaced with the third complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane. After the complex amplitude distribution diagram, repeat the above step CF;

Step H. If the difference is less than the set value, extract the phase distribution of the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane; according to the phase distribution, the second complex amplitude distribution map in the image sensor plane is The amplitude distribution map is transformed into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor;

Step I: Convert the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor into a third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step J. Fill the part of the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area where the complex amplitude value is 0 to obtain a fourth complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area; The complex amplitude distribution map is the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area;

Step K: Converting the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area into the complex amplitude distribution map of the sample object.
The complex amplitude sensing imaging method according to claim 5, wherein the second complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor is converted into the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor according to the phase distribution. Complex amplitude distribution diagram, including: by formula
The third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor is calculated; where exp is an exponential function based on the natural constant e, I is the light intensity distribution map, j is the imaginary number symbol, and φ (n) is the nth time For the extracted phase distribution, n represents the number of iterations and is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
A complex amplitude sensing imaging method according to claim 5, wherein the angular spectrum propagation method is used to perform mutual conversion between the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the image sensor and the complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area.
The complex amplitude sensing imaging method according to claim 5, wherein said filling the part of the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area where the complex amplitude value is 0 includes: The complex amplitude value corresponding to each lighting hole in the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area interpolates and fills the opaque part with the complex amplitude value of 0 in the third complex amplitude distribution map in the plane of the lighting area .