WO2020255279A1 - Friction member, friction material composition, friction material, and vehicle - Google Patents
Friction member, friction material composition, friction material, and vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020255279A1 WO2020255279A1 PCT/JP2019/024204 JP2019024204W WO2020255279A1 WO 2020255279 A1 WO2020255279 A1 WO 2020255279A1 JP 2019024204 W JP2019024204 W JP 2019024204W WO 2020255279 A1 WO2020255279 A1 WO 2020255279A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- friction
- sulfide
- mass
- material composition
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to friction members, friction material compositions, friction materials and vehicles.
- a drum brake is, for example, a drum brake in which a brake lining (also called a brake shoe) is mounted inside a drum installed inside a wheel, and the braking force is exerted by crimping the brake lining from the inside to the outside. Is.
- a friction material is provided on the brake pad of the disc brake (hereinafter referred to as the disc brake pad) and the brake lining of the drum brake (hereinafter referred to as the drum brake lining), and the friction material is a disc rotor, a drum, or the like. Braking is performed by rubbing against the facing material and converting the kinetic energy of the automobile or the like into heat energy. Therefore, the friction material is required to have a good friction coefficient, wear resistance (the life of the friction material is long), strength, vibration damping property (the brake squeal is unlikely to occur), and the like.
- NAO material a friction material containing no or almost no steel fiber, that is, a non-asbestos friction material (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as NAO material)
- this NAO material includes Copper (including copper alloy) and the like
- the friction material containing copper contains a large amount of copper in the abrasion powder generated by braking, which causes pollution of rivers, lakes, the ocean, and the like. Therefore, in some parts of North America, a law was enacted prohibiting the sale of friction materials containing 5% by mass or more of copper after 2021 and 0.5% by mass or more of copper after 2023 and the installation in new cars. .. Therefore, in order to make a friction material that can be used in other countries such as the United States, it is required that it does not contain copper or that the copper content is significantly reduced.
- Patent Document 1 is a friction material composition containing a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a fiber base material, and does not contain copper as an element or has a copper content of 0. It does not exceed 5% by mass, contains potassium titanate, and further contains at least one of lithium potassium titanate and potassium magnesium titanate, and among the potassium titanate, the potassium potassium titanate, and potassium magnesium titanate.
- a friction material composition having a total of at least one type of 10 to 35% by mass and a mass reduction rate of 5 to 20% when heated at 500 ° C. in an air atmosphere.
- Patent Document 1 provides a transfer film (a film in which a friction material composition is transferred to the surface of a disc rotor) that is stable during light load braking while having a composition that is less harmful to the environment and human body. It has been achieved by providing a friction material composition which is formed and gives a friction material which exhibits a stable friction coefficient.
- the invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material composition containing a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler and a fiber base material, and the friction material composition does not contain copper as an element.
- the copper content is 0.5% by mass or less, and one or more metal sulfides selected from tin sulfide, bismuth sulfide, and molybdenum disulfide are contained in an amount of 8 to 30% by mass. It is a friction material composition.
- the invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material that does not contain copper or has a copper content of 0.5% by mass or less, which deteriorates high-speed fade characteristics, and can maintain a sufficient friction coefficient under high-speed fade conditions. This was achieved with the task of providing a material composition.
- a stable transfer film is formed and stable during "light load braking" (for example, when traveling at a speed of about 20 to 50 km / h and the disc rotor temperature is low (50 ° C.)).
- "light load braking" for example, when traveling at a speed of about 20 to 50 km / h and the disc rotor temperature is low (50 ° C.)
- the coefficient of friction Expresses the coefficient of friction.
- in a normal driving state in an urban area [for example, when traveling at a speed of about 40 to 70 km / h and the disc rotor temperature at the start of braking becomes about 120 ° C. (for example, 100 to 140 ° C.). ].
- the friction coefficient and its stability when decelerating at 3 to 4 m / s 2 is repeated (normal braking) are not an issue, and the solution to the issue is unknown.
- the invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material composition capable of maintaining a sufficient friction coefficient under high-speed fade conditions, but excellent friction
- a copper spreading film is formed at the friction interface by braking, and the spreading film has an effect of preventing the friction material from being excessively worn when braking.
- the friction coefficient and its stability were excellent.
- a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content is usually used.
- a method of exhibiting an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when braking is repeated is desired.
- antimony compounds such as antimony sulfide have been used for the purpose of suppressing wear of friction materials and wear of friction objects such as disc rotors by giving a lubricating action in a high temperature braking range.
- antimony compounds has tended to be avoided from the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body. Therefore, it is required to exhibit an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when the normal braking is repeated by using a friction material using a material that does not have a concern about environmental load and harm to the human body.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain a friction material composition capable of exhibiting an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated by using a material having a low environmental load and harm to the human body.
- To provide to provide a friction member and a friction material using the friction material composition, and to provide the friction member or a vehicle equipped with the friction material.
- the present inventors have been excellent in repeating normal braking by using a friction material composition containing a specific amount of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide. It has been found that a friction coefficient can be obtained and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent, and the present invention has been completed. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [17].
- a friction member having a friction material and a back metal does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1.
- the metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide.
- the friction member described in. [3] The friction member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the friction material further contains a titanate.
- the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate.
- the friction material further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), a fiber base material and a binder. , The friction member according to any one of the above [1] to [4].
- the metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide.
- the present invention using a material having a low environmental load and harm to the human body, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when normal braking is repeated, and a friction material composition having excellent stability of the friction coefficient, and , A friction member and a friction material using the friction material composition can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide the friction member or a vehicle equipped with the friction material.
- the friction material of the present invention is used as a friction material for disc brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes, holding brakes, etc., it has a low environmental load and is less harmful to the human body.
- the friction member the friction material composition, the friction material, and the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the components are not essential unless otherwise specified.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.
- the content of each component in the friction material composition or in the friction material is, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present, in the friction material composition or unless otherwise specified. It means the total content of the plurality of substances present in the friction material.
- normal braking refers to braking in which the disc rotor temperature at the start of braking is 100 to 140 ° C. and decelerates at 3 to 4 m / s 2 .
- the present invention also includes aspects in which the items described in the present specification are arbitrarily combined.
- the friction member according to one aspect of the present invention is a friction member having a friction material and a back metal.
- the friction material does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1. It is a friction member containing more than mass% and less than 8.0% by mass.
- the material (friction material composition) used for the friction material will be described in detail.
- Each component in the friction material composition and its content are synonymous with each component in the friction material and its content.
- the friction material composition according to one aspect of the present invention is a friction material composition that does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
- a preferred embodiment of the friction material composition is, in addition to the metal sulfide, at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide), a fiber base material, and a binder. It is a friction material composition contained.
- a more preferred embodiment is a friction material composition containing the metal sulfide, an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide), a fiber base material, and a binder.
- the friction material composition preferably does not contain copper, and when copper is contained, the content of copper in the friction material composition is set to less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, so that it can be used as abrasion powder in the environment. Even if it is released, it can be considered not to cause pollution of rivers and the like.
- the copper content indicates the content of copper element (Cu) contained in fibrous and powdery copper, copper alloys and copper compounds in the entire friction material composition.
- the content of copper in the friction material composition is more preferably 0.2% by mass or less as a copper element, and further preferably 0.05% by mass or less.
- the friction material composition of the present invention does not substantially contain antimony compounds such as antimony oxide and antimony sulfide from the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body.
- antimony compounds such as antimony oxide and antimony sulfide from the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body.
- substantially free (not included) and “substantially free of " are used to the extent that they do not affect the friction material composition (for example, 0.1% by mass or less). , Preferably 0.05% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or less), or not at all (0% by mass), and so on.
- the friction material composition of the present invention does not contain an iron-based metal, but even when an iron-based metal is contained, the friction material composition
- the content of the iron-based metal in the friction material composition is more preferably 0.2% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.05% by mass or less as the iron element.
- the iron-based metal is a metal containing iron as a main component and refers to general steel, and the iron content is that of iron, an iron element (Fe) contained in an iron alloy and an iron compound. The content in the entire friction material composition is shown.
- the friction material composition of the present invention is classified as a NAO (Non-Asbestos-Organic) material, and is a so-called non-asbestos friction material composition (a friction material composition that does not contain asbestos, or when it is contained). Even if there is, it is a friction material composition with a very small amount of asbestos). The content of asbestos in the friction material composition is 0.2% by mass or less, and is substantially not contained.
- NAO Non-Asbestos-Organic
- the friction material composition of the present invention contains 0.1% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient during repeated braking and the stability of the friction coefficient. Contains less than%.
- metal sulfides other than bismuth sulfide include tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide, manganese sulfide, and the like, and at least one selected from the group consisting of these. preferable.
- antimony sulfide is substantially not contained as the metal sulfide (not to mention the friction material composition of the present invention).
- the content of two or more kinds of metal sulfides including bismuth sulfide is the above-mentioned predetermined amount, copper is not contained, or even if it is contained, the copper content is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
- the friction material composition an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained, and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent.
- the friction material composition of the present invention preferably further contains a titanate.
- the content thereof is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 13% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of titanate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 45% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 17% by mass or less.
- the content of the titanate is 5% by mass or more, the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient are further improved.
- the titanate is not particularly limited, but for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium potassium titanate, sodium titanate and the like can be used. .. Of these, potassium titanate is preferable from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient.
- the shape of the titanate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fibrous, columnar, plate-like, particulate, and scaly shapes.
- the shape of the titanate can be analyzed, for example, by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the titanate is not particularly limited, but for example, a titanate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 0.5 to 10 m 2 / g can be used.
- the specific surface area can be determined by a BET method or the like using nitrogen gas as the adsorbed gas.
- the average particle diameter means the value of d50 (median diameter of volume distribution, cumulative median value) measured by using the method of laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement.
- a copper spreading film is formed at the friction interface by braking, and the spreading film has an effect of preventing the friction material from being excessively worn when braking at high speed.
- the effect of copper cannot be substantially obtained. It is not always easy to obtain an excellent friction coefficient and to have excellent stability of the friction coefficient in a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content, but the present invention According to the friction material composition, even a friction material containing no copper or a low content of copper exhibits an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when the normal braking is repeated.
- the organic filler can exhibit a function as a friction modifier for improving vibration damping property, wear resistance and the like.
- the organic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (for example, organic fibers described later).
- the organic filler one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- an organic filler generally used in a friction material composition can be used, and examples thereof include cashew particles, rubber, and melamine particles. Among these, cashew particles and rubber are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the stability and wear resistance of the friction coefficient and suppressing squeal.
- cashew particles and rubber may be used in combination, or cashew particles coated with rubber may be used.
- the cashew particles are obtained by crushing a cured cashew nut shell oil, and are also generally referred to as cashew dust.
- Cashew particles are generally classified into brown-based, brown-black-based, black-based, and the like according to the type of curing agent used in the curing reaction.
- the average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferably 850 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 750 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 600 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, and may be 200 ⁇ m or more, 300 ⁇ m or more, or 400 ⁇ m or more. Commercially available products can be used as the cashew particles. One type of cashew particles may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. %.
- Examples of the rubber include rubber usually used in a friction material composition.
- Examples of the rubber include natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
- Examples of the synthetic rubber include acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), silicone rubber, and crushed powder of tire tread rubber.
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- crushed powder of tire tread rubber are preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between heat resistance, flexibility and manufacturing cost.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and 2 to 8% by mass in the friction material composition. It is more preferably%, and particularly preferably 2 to 5% by mass.
- the elastic modulus of the friction material tends to be high, and it is possible to avoid deterioration of vibration damping properties such as squealing, and deterioration of heat resistance and heat resistance. There is a tendency to avoid a decrease in strength due to heat history.
- the friction material composition may contain an inorganic filler.
- the inorganic filler does not contain the metal sulfide and the titanate to avoid duplication.
- the inorganic filler can exhibit a function as a friction adjusting material for avoiding deterioration of heat resistance, wear resistance, stability of friction coefficient and the like of the friction material.
- the inorganic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (for example, inorganic fibers described later).
- the inorganic filler one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and an inorganic filler usually used as a friction material can be used.
- the inorganic filler examples include mica, graphite, coke, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, dolomite, coke, mica, vermiculite, calcium sulfate, talc, and clay.
- the inorganic filler preferably does not contain copper, and more preferably does not contain copper or an iron-based metal.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, graphite, alumina, zirconium silicate (zircon), calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and barium sulfate is preferable, and zinc, graphite, alumina and zirconium silicate (zircon) are preferable.
- Calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and barium sulfate are more preferable in combination.
- calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate and zinc oxide are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of rust on the friction material.
- calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and sodium carbonate increase the pH of the friction material, and the aramid fiber tends to be easily decomposed. Therefore, when used together with the aramid fiber, the amount used should not be too high.
- the content of calcium hydroxide is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the friction material composition. It is 1 to 8% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
- the graphite is not particularly limited, and any known graphite, that is, natural graphite or artificial graphite can be used.
- the average particle size of graphite is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 40 ⁇ m, further preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the content thereof is preferably 2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, still more preferably 3 to 10% by mass, based on the friction material composition. Particularly preferably, it is 3 to 8% by mass.
- the thermal conductivity of the friction material can be easily improved, and if it is 20% by mass or less, the decrease in the cohesive force of the friction material composition can be suppressed and the decrease in the friction coefficient tends to be easily suppressed. is there.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 8% by mass, and further, based on the friction material composition. It is preferably 1 to 6% by mass. Since zinc is more easily oxidized than iron, it tends to be possible to suppress the occurrence of rust within the above range without affecting the frictional characteristics.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, and further preferably 0. It is 5 to 3% by mass. Within the above range, it tends to be easy to impart appropriate grindability without excessively wearing the friction object.
- the friction material composition contains zirconium silicate (zircon)
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, still more preferably 3 with respect to the friction material composition. ⁇ 8% by mass. Within the above range, it tends to be easy to impart appropriate grindability without excessively wearing the friction object.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 35% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and further preferably 10 to 30% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. Is. Within the above range, the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient tend to be excellent.
- Barium sulphate serves as a mere filler for adjusting the volume of the friction material composition. That is, the content of barium sulfate depends on the content of other components, and the balance for adjusting the friction material composition to a predetermined amount can be replenished with barium sulfate. By containing barium sulfate, the bulk density of the friction material composition tends to increase, and the handleability tends to be good.
- the friction material composition contains an inorganic filler
- the total content of the inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), the metal sulfide and the titanate is contained. It is preferable to adjust the amount so as to be preferably 40 to 85% by mass, more preferably 50 to 85% by mass, and further preferably 60 to 85% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. Within this range, deterioration of heat resistance tends to be easily avoided.
- the fiber base material exhibits a reinforcing action in the friction material.
- the friction material composition preferably contains organic fibers as a fiber base material, and preferably contains inorganic fibers.
- the fiber base material one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the organic fiber is a fibrous material containing an organic substance as a main component.
- the inorganic fiber is a fibrous material containing an inorganic substance other than a metal or a metal alloy as a main component.
- the organic fiber examples include hemp, cotton, aramid fiber, cellulose fiber, acrylic fiber, phenol resin fiber (having a crosslinked structure) and the like.
- One type of organic fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- an aramid fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the fibrillated organic fiber is a fibrillated and fluffy organic fiber, and fibrillated aramid fiber, fibrillated acrylic fiber, fibrillated cellulose fiber and the like are commercially available.
- the friction material composition may contain other organic fibers together with the fibrillated organic fibers.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 8% by mass, preferably 2 to 7% by mass, based on the friction material composition. More preferably, it is 1 to 5% by mass. If it is 1% by mass or more, good shear strength, crack resistance and wear resistance tend to be exhibited, and if it is 8% by mass or less, it is different from the organic fiber (fibrillated organic fiber) in the friction material composition. There is a tendency that deterioration of shear strength and crack resistance due to uneven distribution of other materials can be effectively suppressed.
- the -Inorganic fiber- Inorganic fibers can exhibit the effect of improving the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the friction material.
- the inorganic fiber include glass fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, biodegradable ceramic fiber, sepiolite (for example, ⁇ -type sepiolite and ⁇ -type sepiolite), attapulsite, potassium titanate fiber, and silica alumina. At least one selected from the group consisting of fibers, flame-resistant fibers and the like can be used.
- the glass fiber refers to a fiber produced by melting and spinning glass.
- the glass fiber those whose raw materials are E glass, C glass, S glass, D glass and the like can be used, and among these, glass containing E glass or S glass from the viewpoint of particularly high strength. It is preferable to use fiber. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the affinity with the binder, the glass fiber whose surface is treated with aminosilane, epoxysilane or the like is preferable.
- the metal fiber is a fiber in the form of an alloy containing a single metal such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, or at least one of the metals composed of these; a metal such as cast iron as a main component.
- a single metal such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, or at least one of the metals composed of these; a metal such as cast iron as a main component.
- Examples include fibers to be used.
- alloy fibers alloy fibers (alloy fibers) include iron alloy fibers and aluminum alloy fibers.
- One type of metal fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the friction material composition may not contain metal fibers. From the viewpoint of improving crack resistance and abrasion resistance, copper fibers, copper alloy fibers, iron fibers and iron alloy fibers are generally preferred as the metal fibers.
- the content of copper in the friction material composition is preferably less than 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.3% by mass, as a copper element for the above-mentioned reasons.
- the embodiment is more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially free of copper.
- the copper alloy fiber include copper fiber, brass fiber, bronze fiber and the like.
- the content of iron in the friction material composition may be less than 0.5% by mass as an iron element from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of durability due to rust. It is preferably 0.3% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially iron-free.
- the mineral fiber examples include natural mineral fiber; blast furnace slag such as slag wool, basalt such as basalt fiber, and artificial mineral fiber melt-spun with other natural rocks as main components.
- the artificial mineral fiber examples include artificial mineral fiber containing SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na 2 O and the like, or artificial mineral fiber containing one or more of these compounds. Can be mentioned.
- an artificial mineral fiber containing an aluminum element is preferable, an artificial mineral fiber containing Al 2 O 3 is more preferable, and an artificial mineral fiber containing Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 is further preferable.
- the mineral fiber is preferably biosoluble from the viewpoint of harm to the human body.
- the biosoluble mineral fiber referred to here is a mineral fiber having a characteristic that it is partially decomposed in a short time and discharged to the outside of the body even when it is taken into the human body.
- the chemical composition is such that the total amount of alkaline oxides and alkaline earth oxides (total amount of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and barium) is 18% by mass or more, and (a) short-term inhalation.
- biodegradable mineral fibers examples include SiO 2- Al 2 O 3 -CaO-MgO-FeO (-K 2 O-Na 2 O) -based fibers, and SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and CaO.
- MgO, FeO include mineral fibers containing at least two kinds in any combination is selected from K 2 O and Na 2 O or the like.
- examples of commercially available products include the Rolex series manufactured by LAPINUS FIBERS BV. “Roxul” includes SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO and the like, and may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of K 2 O and Na 2 O.
- Examples of the carbon fiber include flame-resistant fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, activated carbon fiber and the like.
- One type of carbon fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content thereof is preferably 3 to 50% by mass, more preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 20% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. %, Especially preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
- the binder has a function of binding and integrating an organic filler, an inorganic filler, a fiber base material, and the like to give a predetermined shape and strength.
- the binder contained in the friction material composition is not particularly limited, but a thermosetting resin generally used as a binder for the friction material can be used.
- the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, modified phenol resin, elastomer-dispersed phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, melamine resin and the like.
- examples of the modified phenolic resin include acrylic-modified phenolic resin, silicone-modified phenolic resin, cashew-modified phenolic resin, epoxy-modified phenolic resin, and alkylbenzene-modified phenolic resin.
- the elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin examples include acrylic elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin and silicone elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin.
- the thermosetting resin a phenol resin, an acrylic-modified phenol resin, a silicone-modified phenol resin, and an alkylbenzene-modified phenol resin are preferable, and a phenol resin is more preferable, from the viewpoint of providing good heat resistance, moldability, and friction coefficient.
- the binder one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content thereof is preferably 5 to 25% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 6 to 18% by mass, based on the friction material composition. , Particularly preferably 6 to 13% by mass.
- the friction material composition contains the above-mentioned other materials, the contents include an organic filler, an inorganic filler (here, the metal sulfide and the titanate are included), a fiber base material and a bond.
- organic additives such as fluorine-based polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) from the viewpoint of improving wear resistance and heat fade characteristics.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- It is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, further preferably 5 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 3 parts by mass or less, and contains other materials with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the material. It does not have to be.
- the present invention also provides a friction material containing the friction material composition.
- the friction material may be formed only from the friction material composition of the present invention, or is a friction material having an upholstery material and an underlay material, and at least one of the upholstery material and the underlay material has the friction. It may be a friction material formed from a material composition.
- the friction material is a friction material having an upholstery material and an underlaying material
- the friction material composition of the present invention is preferably used as the upholstery material. Further, the friction material having the upholstery material and the underlaying material will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
- the friction material composition of the present invention can obtain an excellent friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated, and the friction coefficient It is preferable to use it as the overlay material 1 of the friction member in order to improve the stability of the friction member.
- the upholstery material 1 is a friction material that serves as a friction surface of the friction member
- the underlay material 2 is a shear strength in the vicinity of the adhesive portion between the friction material and the back metal, which is interposed between the upholstery material 1 and the back metal 3. It is a layer for the purpose of improving crack resistance.
- the friction material can be produced, preferably by molding the friction material composition by heat and pressure molding.
- the friction material composition for the upholstery material and the friction material composition for the underlaying material are separately separated from each other, and the Radige mixer (“Radige” is a registered trademark) Mix using a mixer such as a pressurized kneader and an Erich mixer (“Erich” is a registered trademark), and premold the mixture for the upholstery material and the mixture for the underlaying material integrally with a molding die, and then premold.
- the obtained premolded product is molded in 2 to 10 minutes under the conditions of, for example, a molding temperature of 130 to 160 ° C.
- the obtained molded product is heat-treated at, for example, 150 to 250 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours.
- painting, scorch treatment, and polishing treatment may be performed.
- the preforming step may be omitted and the mixture may be directly thermoformed.
- the friction material is useful as a friction material for disc brake pads of automobiles and the like, and as a friction material for drum brake linings of automobiles and the like. Further, it is also useful as a friction material for clutch facing, electromagnetic brake, holding brake, etc. by performing steps such as molding, processing, and pasting the friction material composition into a target shape.
- the friction material of the present invention is suitable as a friction material for vehicles, especially for automobiles, because an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when braking is repeated and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent. Is.
- the back metal is usually used as a friction member in order to improve the mechanical strength of the friction member, and a metal, fiber reinforced plastic, or the like can be used as the material.
- a metal, fiber reinforced plastic, or the like can be used as the material.
- the back metal include iron, stainless steel, inorganic fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic and the like.
- the primer layer and the adhesive layer may be those usually used for friction members such as brake pads and brake linings.
- the friction member 6 in FIG. 1 it is also possible to provide a friction member having a shim 4 on the side of the back metal 3 opposite to the side having the underlaying material 2.
- the shim 4 is a spacer generally used for improving the vibration damping property of the friction member.
- the present invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the friction member of the present embodiment.
- a vehicle or the like in which the friction member of the present invention is used for a disc brake pad, a brake lining, a clutch facing, an electromagnetic brake, a holding brake, or the like can be mentioned.
- the vehicle include various automobiles including motorcycles and motorcycles, such as large automobiles, medium-sized automobiles, ordinary automobiles, large special automobiles, small special automobiles, large motorcycles and ordinary motorcycles.
- the reason why the friction coefficient up to the 49th brake is not considered is that the surface of a new or near-new friction material is not acclimated and the contact area is small, so the friction coefficient is low, which is used for evaluation of the friction coefficient. This is because it is not suitable for inclusion.
- the order of excellent friction coefficient is A>B> C. (Evaluation criteria for the average value of the coefficient of friction during each braking) A: The average value is 0.37 or more and less than 0.46. B: The average value is 0.34 or more and less than 0.37, or 0.46 or more and less than 0.48. C: The average value is less than 0.34 or 0.48 or more.
- [Making disc brake pads] In producing the disc brake pad, the following components of the friction material composition were prepared. Each component described in Table 1 is as follows. (Binder) ⁇ Phenolic resin (organic filler) ⁇ NBR: Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ⁇ Crushed powder of tire tread rubber ⁇ Cashew particles (inorganic filler) ⁇ Zinc, graphite, alumina, zircon, bismuth sulfide, tin sulfide, potassium titanate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate (fiber base material) ⁇ Aramid fiber: Fibrilized aramid fiber ⁇ Mineral fiber
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 (Production of disc brake pads) Each component was blended according to the blending amount (part by mass) shown in Table 1 to obtain each friction material composition.
- This friction material composition was mixed with a Ladyge mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., trade name: Ladyge mixer M20) to obtain a mixture.
- the obtained mixture was integrally premolded with a molding press (manufactured by Oji Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the obtained premolded product is heated with an iron backing metal (manufactured by Hitachi Automotive Systems Co., Ltd.) using a molding press (manufactured by Sanki Seiko Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a molding temperature of 145 ° C., a molding pressure of 35 MPa, and a molding time of 5 minutes. It was pressure molded.
- the obtained molded product was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 4.5 hours, polished using a rotary polishing machine, and scorch-treated at 500 ° C. to obtain a disc brake pad.
- the disc brake pads obtained in each of the examples and the comparative examples have a friction material thickness of 9 mm. From the obtained disc brake pads, test pieces having a size of 20 mm ⁇ 45 mm square were produced by a cutting machine, and each measurement and evaluation was performed according to the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the friction material of the example is a friction material having less harmfulness to the human body and environmental load, and as compared with the friction material of the comparative example, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when normal braking is repeated, and the friction coefficient of the friction material can be obtained. It can be seen that it is also excellent in stability.
- the friction member and the friction material of the present invention have low environmental load and harmfulness to the human body, and can obtain an excellent friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated, and are also excellent in stability of the friction coefficient. Therefore, it is particularly suitable as a friction member and a friction material for vehicles and the like.
Abstract
Provided is a friction material composition that can obtain an excellent friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and has excellent stability of the friction coefficient by using a material having little environmental load and harmfulness to the human body. Also provided are a friction member and a friction material that use the friction material composition and a vehicle equipped with the friction member or the friction material. Specifically, the friction member is a friction member having a friction material and a back metal, wherein the friction material does not contain copper or else has a copper content of less than 0.5 mass% as copper element and contains a total of from 0.1 mass% to less than 8.0 mass% of two or more metal sulfides including bismuth sulfide.
Description
本発明は、摩擦部材、摩擦材組成物、摩擦材及び車両に関する。
The present invention relates to friction members, friction material compositions, friction materials and vehicles.
一般に自動車等が搭載するブレーキとしては、主にディスクブレーキとドラムブレーキの２つに大きく分けられる。ディスクブレーキは、走行中に車輪と一体になって回転するディスクロータをブレーキパッドで挟み、その際に発生する摩擦力によって制動力を発生させるものである。また、ドラムブレーキは、例えば、車輪の内側に設置されたドラムの内部にブレーキライニング（ブレーキシューとも称される。）が装着され、それを内側から外側へ圧着させることで制動力を発揮するものである。
ディスクブレーキのブレーキパッド（以下、ディスクブレーキパッドと称する。）及びドラムブレーキのブレーキライニング（以下、ドラムブレーキライニングと称する。）には摩擦材が設けられ、該摩擦材が、ディスクロータ、ドラム等の対面材と摩擦し、自動車等の運動エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換することにより制動を行う。そのため、摩擦材には、良好な摩擦係数、耐摩耗性（摩擦材の寿命が長いこと）、強度、制振性（ブレーキ鳴きが発生しにくいこと）等が要求される。 Generally, brakes installed in automobiles and the like are roughly classified into disc brakes and drum brakes. In the disc brake, a disc rotor that rotates integrally with the wheels during traveling is sandwiched between brake pads, and a braking force is generated by the frictional force generated at that time. A drum brake is, for example, a drum brake in which a brake lining (also called a brake shoe) is mounted inside a drum installed inside a wheel, and the braking force is exerted by crimping the brake lining from the inside to the outside. Is.
A friction material is provided on the brake pad of the disc brake (hereinafter referred to as the disc brake pad) and the brake lining of the drum brake (hereinafter referred to as the drum brake lining), and the friction material is a disc rotor, a drum, or the like. Braking is performed by rubbing against the facing material and converting the kinetic energy of the automobile or the like into heat energy. Therefore, the friction material is required to have a good friction coefficient, wear resistance (the life of the friction material is long), strength, vibration damping property (the brake squeal is unlikely to occur), and the like.
ディスクブレーキのブレーキパッド（以下、ディスクブレーキパッドと称する。）及びドラムブレーキのブレーキライニング（以下、ドラムブレーキライニングと称する。）には摩擦材が設けられ、該摩擦材が、ディスクロータ、ドラム等の対面材と摩擦し、自動車等の運動エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換することにより制動を行う。そのため、摩擦材には、良好な摩擦係数、耐摩耗性（摩擦材の寿命が長いこと）、強度、制振性（ブレーキ鳴きが発生しにくいこと）等が要求される。 Generally, brakes installed in automobiles and the like are roughly classified into disc brakes and drum brakes. In the disc brake, a disc rotor that rotates integrally with the wheels during traveling is sandwiched between brake pads, and a braking force is generated by the frictional force generated at that time. A drum brake is, for example, a drum brake in which a brake lining (also called a brake shoe) is mounted inside a drum installed inside a wheel, and the braking force is exerted by crimping the brake lining from the inside to the outside. Is.
A friction material is provided on the brake pad of the disc brake (hereinafter referred to as the disc brake pad) and the brake lining of the drum brake (hereinafter referred to as the drum brake lining), and the friction material is a disc rotor, a drum, or the like. Braking is performed by rubbing against the facing material and converting the kinetic energy of the automobile or the like into heat energy. Therefore, the friction material is required to have a good friction coefficient, wear resistance (the life of the friction material is long), strength, vibration damping property (the brake squeal is unlikely to occur), and the like.
摩擦材としては、現在、スチール繊維を含有しない又はほとんど含有しない摩擦材、つまりノンアスベスト摩擦材（以下、ＮＡＯ材と略称することがある。）が主流となっており、このＮＡＯ材には、銅（銅合金を含む）等が使用されてきた。しかし、銅を含有する摩擦材は、制動により発生する摩耗粉に銅を多量に含むため、それが河川、湖及び海洋等の汚染の原因となることが示唆されている。そのため、北米の一部では、２０２１年以降は銅を５質量％以上、２０２３年以降は銅を０．５質量％以上含有する摩擦材の販売及び新車への組み付けを禁止する法律が制定された。そのため、米国をはじめ、諸外国にて使用し得る摩擦材とするには、銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量を大幅に低減する要求がある。
Currently, as the friction material, a friction material containing no or almost no steel fiber, that is, a non-asbestos friction material (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as NAO material) is the mainstream, and this NAO material includes Copper (including copper alloy) and the like have been used. However, it has been suggested that the friction material containing copper contains a large amount of copper in the abrasion powder generated by braking, which causes pollution of rivers, lakes, the ocean, and the like. Therefore, in some parts of North America, a law was enacted prohibiting the sale of friction materials containing 5% by mass or more of copper after 2021 and 0.5% by mass or more of copper after 2023 and the installation in new cars. .. Therefore, in order to make a friction material that can be used in other countries such as the United States, it is required that it does not contain copper or that the copper content is significantly reduced.
このような状況下にあるため、銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量が少ない摩擦材が提案され始めている（例えば、特許文献１及び２参照）。特許文献１に記載の発明は、結合材、有機充填材、無機充填材、及び繊維基材を含有する摩擦材組成物であり、元素としての銅を含まない、又は銅の含有量が０．５質量％を超えず、チタン酸カリウムを含有し、さらにチタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムのうち少なくとも１種類を含有し、前記チタン酸カリウム及び前記チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムのうち少なくとも１種類の合計が１０～３５質量％であり、大気雰囲気下５００℃で加熱した際の質量減少率が５～２０％の摩擦材組成物である。特許文献１に記載の発明は、環境有害性、及び人体有害性が低い組成としつつ、軽負荷制動時に安定したトランスファフィルム（ディスクロータ表面に摩擦材組成物が移着したフィルムのこと。）を形成し、安定した摩擦係数を発現する摩擦材を与える摩擦材組成物の提供を課題とし、達成されたものである。
Under such circumstances, friction materials that do not contain copper or have a low copper content have begun to be proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). The invention described in Patent Document 1 is a friction material composition containing a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a fiber base material, and does not contain copper as an element or has a copper content of 0. It does not exceed 5% by mass, contains potassium titanate, and further contains at least one of lithium potassium titanate and potassium magnesium titanate, and among the potassium titanate, the potassium potassium titanate, and potassium magnesium titanate. A friction material composition having a total of at least one type of 10 to 35% by mass and a mass reduction rate of 5 to 20% when heated at 500 ° C. in an air atmosphere. The invention described in Patent Document 1 provides a transfer film (a film in which a friction material composition is transferred to the surface of a disc rotor) that is stable during light load braking while having a composition that is less harmful to the environment and human body. It has been achieved by providing a friction material composition which is formed and gives a friction material which exhibits a stable friction coefficient.
また、特許文献２に記載の発明は、結合剤、有機充填材、無機充填材および繊維基材を含む摩擦材組成物であって、該摩擦材組成物中に元素としての銅を含まない、又は銅の含有量が０．５質量％以下であり、硫化スズ、硫化ビスマス、二硫化モリブデンから選ばれる１種もしくは２種以上の金属硫化物を８～３０質量％含有することを特徴とする摩擦材組成物である。特許文献２に記載の発明は、高速フェード特性が悪化する銅を含有しない、又は銅の含有量が０．５質量％以下の摩擦材において、高速フェード条件において十分な摩擦係数を保持し得る摩擦材組成物の提供を課題とし、達成されたものである。
Further, the invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material composition containing a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler and a fiber base material, and the friction material composition does not contain copper as an element. Alternatively, the copper content is 0.5% by mass or less, and one or more metal sulfides selected from tin sulfide, bismuth sulfide, and molybdenum disulfide are contained in an amount of 8 to 30% by mass. It is a friction material composition. The invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material that does not contain copper or has a copper content of 0.5% by mass or less, which deteriorates high-speed fade characteristics, and can maintain a sufficient friction coefficient under high-speed fade conditions. This was achieved with the task of providing a material composition.
特許文献１に記載の発明では、「軽負荷制動時」（例えば時速約２０～５０ｋｍで走行していて、且つディスクロータ温度が低い（５０℃）とき）に安定したトランスファフィルムを形成し、安定した摩擦係数を発現する。しかし、市街地での通常走行状態［例えば時速約４０～７０ｋｍで走行していて、ブレーキ開始時のディスクロータ温度が１２０℃程度（例えば１００～１４０℃）となるとき。］から３～４ｍ／ｓ２で減速すること（通常制動）を繰り返したときの摩擦係数及びその安定性は課題とされておらず、当該課題の解決方法は不明である。
特許文献２に記載の発明は、高速フェード条件において十分な摩擦係数を保持し得る摩擦材組成物であるが、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び摩擦係数の安定性は課題とされておらず、当該課題の解決方法は不明である。 In the invention described in Patent Document 1, a stable transfer film is formed and stable during "light load braking" (for example, when traveling at a speed of about 20 to 50 km / h and the disc rotor temperature is low (50 ° C.)). Expresses the coefficient of friction. However, in a normal driving state in an urban area [for example, when traveling at a speed of about 40 to 70 km / h and the disc rotor temperature at the start of braking becomes about 120 ° C. (for example, 100 to 140 ° C.). ], The friction coefficient and its stability when decelerating at 3 to 4 m / s 2 is repeated (normal braking) are not an issue, and the solution to the issue is unknown.
The invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material composition capable of maintaining a sufficient friction coefficient under high-speed fade conditions, but excellent friction coefficient and stability of the friction coefficient are an issue when normal braking is repeated. However, the solution to this problem is unknown.
特許文献２に記載の発明は、高速フェード条件において十分な摩擦係数を保持し得る摩擦材組成物であるが、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び摩擦係数の安定性は課題とされておらず、当該課題の解決方法は不明である。 In the invention described in Patent Document 1, a stable transfer film is formed and stable during "light load braking" (for example, when traveling at a speed of about 20 to 50 km / h and the disc rotor temperature is low (50 ° C.)). Expresses the coefficient of friction. However, in a normal driving state in an urban area [for example, when traveling at a speed of about 40 to 70 km / h and the disc rotor temperature at the start of braking becomes about 120 ° C. (for example, 100 to 140 ° C.). ], The friction coefficient and its stability when decelerating at 3 to 4 m / s 2 is repeated (normal braking) are not an issue, and the solution to the issue is unknown.
The invention described in Patent Document 2 is a friction material composition capable of maintaining a sufficient friction coefficient under high-speed fade conditions, but excellent friction coefficient and stability of the friction coefficient are an issue when normal braking is repeated. However, the solution to this problem is unknown.
ところで、従来の銅を含有する摩擦材では、制動により摩擦界面で銅の延展膜が形成され、該延展膜は、制動した際に摩擦材が過度に摩耗するのを防止する効果があったため、摩擦係数及びその安定性が優れたものとなった。しかし、銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量が少ない摩擦材では、銅による当該効果が実質的に得られないため、銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量が少ない摩擦材において、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の優れた安定性を発現させる方法が切望される。
また、高温制動域において潤滑作用を与えることで、摩擦材の摩耗及びディスクロータ等の摩擦対象物の摩耗を抑制するという目的で、従来は硫化アンチモン等のアンチモン化合物などが使用されてきた。しかし、近年は環境負荷及び人体への有害性の観点から、アンチモン化合物の使用は避けられる傾向にある。そのため、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の懸念の無い材料を用いた摩擦材によって、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の優れた安定性を発現させることが求められている。 By the way, in the conventional friction material containing copper, a copper spreading film is formed at the friction interface by braking, and the spreading film has an effect of preventing the friction material from being excessively worn when braking. The friction coefficient and its stability were excellent. However, since the effect of copper cannot be substantially obtained with a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content, a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content is usually used. A method of exhibiting an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when braking is repeated is desired.
Further, in the past, antimony compounds such as antimony sulfide have been used for the purpose of suppressing wear of friction materials and wear of friction objects such as disc rotors by giving a lubricating action in a high temperature braking range. However, in recent years, the use of antimony compounds has tended to be avoided from the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body. Therefore, it is required to exhibit an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when the normal braking is repeated by using a friction material using a material that does not have a concern about environmental load and harm to the human body.
また、高温制動域において潤滑作用を与えることで、摩擦材の摩耗及びディスクロータ等の摩擦対象物の摩耗を抑制するという目的で、従来は硫化アンチモン等のアンチモン化合物などが使用されてきた。しかし、近年は環境負荷及び人体への有害性の観点から、アンチモン化合物の使用は避けられる傾向にある。そのため、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の懸念の無い材料を用いた摩擦材によって、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の優れた安定性を発現させることが求められている。 By the way, in the conventional friction material containing copper, a copper spreading film is formed at the friction interface by braking, and the spreading film has an effect of preventing the friction material from being excessively worn when braking. The friction coefficient and its stability were excellent. However, since the effect of copper cannot be substantially obtained with a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content, a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content is usually used. A method of exhibiting an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when braking is repeated is desired.
Further, in the past, antimony compounds such as antimony sulfide have been used for the purpose of suppressing wear of friction materials and wear of friction objects such as disc rotors by giving a lubricating action in a high temperature braking range. However, in recent years, the use of antimony compounds has tended to be avoided from the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body. Therefore, it is required to exhibit an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when the normal braking is repeated by using a friction material using a material that does not have a concern about environmental load and harm to the human body.
そこで、本発明の課題は、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の少ない材料を用いて、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の優れた安定性を発現し得る摩擦材組成物を提供すること、該摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦部材及び摩擦材を提供すること、並びに前記摩擦部材又は前記摩擦材を搭載した車両を提供することにある。
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obtain a friction material composition capable of exhibiting an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated by using a material having a low environmental load and harm to the human body. To provide, to provide a friction member and a friction material using the friction material composition, and to provide the friction member or a vehicle equipped with the friction material.
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究した結果、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を特定量含有する摩擦材組成物を用いることによって、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。本発明は、係る知見に基づいて完成したものである。
As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have been excellent in repeating normal braking by using a friction material composition containing a specific amount of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide. It has been found that a friction coefficient can be obtained and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent, and the present invention has been completed. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
本発明は下記［１］～［１７］に関する。
［１］摩擦材及び裏金を有する摩擦部材であって、
前記摩擦材が、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満であり、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦部材。
［２］前記金属硫化物が、前記硫化ビスマス以外に、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［１］に記載の摩擦部材。
［３］前記摩擦材が、さらにチタン酸塩を含有する、上記［１］又は［２］に記載の摩擦部材。
［４］前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム及びチタン酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である、上記［３］に記載の摩擦部材。
［５］前記摩擦材が、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［１］～［４］のいずれかに記載の摩擦部材。
［６］前記有機充填材が、カシューパーティクル、ゴム及びメラミンパーティクルからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［５］に記載の摩擦部材。
［７］ディスクブレーキパッド用、ドラムブレーキライニング用、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用又は保持ブレーキ用である、上記［１］～［６］のいずれかに記載の摩擦部材。
［８］上記［１］～［７］のいずれかに記載の摩擦部材を搭載した車両。
［９］銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物であって、
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦材組成物。
［１０］前記金属硫化物が、前記硫化ビスマス以外に、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［９］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１１］さらにチタン酸塩を含有する、上記［９］又は［１０］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１２］前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム及びチタン酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である、上記［１１］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１３］さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［９］～［１２］のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１４］前記有機充填材が、カシューパーティクル、ゴム及びメラミンパーティクルからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［１３］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１５］ディスクブレーキパッド用、ドラムブレーキライニング用、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用又は保持ブレーキ用である、上記［９］～［１４］のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１６］上記［９］～［１５］のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物を含有してなる摩擦材。
［１７］上記［１６］に記載の摩擦材を搭載した車両。 The present invention relates to the following [1] to [17].
[1] A friction member having a friction material and a back metal.
The friction material does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1. A friction member containing by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass.
[2] The metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide. ] The friction member described in.
[3] The friction member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the friction material further contains a titanate.
[4] The friction member according to the above [3], wherein the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate.
[5] The friction material further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), a fiber base material and a binder. , The friction member according to any one of the above [1] to [4].
[6] The friction member according to the above [5], wherein the organic filler contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles, rubber and melamine particles.
[7] The friction member according to any one of [1] to [6] above, which is used for disc brake pads, drum brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes, or holding brakes.
[8] A vehicle equipped with the friction member according to any one of the above [1] to [7].
[9] A friction material composition that does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, has a copper content of less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
A friction material composition containing a total of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide.
[10] The metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide. ] The friction material composition according to.
[11] The friction material composition according to the above [9] or [10], which further contains a titanate.
[12] The friction material composition according to the above [11], wherein the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate. ..
[13] Further, the above [9] further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), a fiber base material and a binder. The friction material composition according to any one of [12].
[14] The friction material composition according to the above [13], wherein the organic filler contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles, rubber and melamine particles.
[15] The friction material composition according to any one of [9] to [14] above, which is used for disc brake pads, drum brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes or holding brakes.
[16] A friction material containing the friction material composition according to any one of the above [9] to [15].
[17] A vehicle equipped with the friction material according to the above [16].
［１］摩擦材及び裏金を有する摩擦部材であって、
前記摩擦材が、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満であり、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦部材。
［２］前記金属硫化物が、前記硫化ビスマス以外に、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［１］に記載の摩擦部材。
［３］前記摩擦材が、さらにチタン酸塩を含有する、上記［１］又は［２］に記載の摩擦部材。
［４］前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム及びチタン酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である、上記［３］に記載の摩擦部材。
［５］前記摩擦材が、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［１］～［４］のいずれかに記載の摩擦部材。
［６］前記有機充填材が、カシューパーティクル、ゴム及びメラミンパーティクルからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［５］に記載の摩擦部材。
［７］ディスクブレーキパッド用、ドラムブレーキライニング用、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用又は保持ブレーキ用である、上記［１］～［６］のいずれかに記載の摩擦部材。
［８］上記［１］～［７］のいずれかに記載の摩擦部材を搭載した車両。
［９］銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物であって、
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦材組成物。
［１０］前記金属硫化物が、前記硫化ビスマス以外に、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［９］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１１］さらにチタン酸塩を含有する、上記［９］又は［１０］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１２］前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム及びチタン酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である、上記［１１］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１３］さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［９］～［１２］のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１４］前記有機充填材が、カシューパーティクル、ゴム及びメラミンパーティクルからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、上記［１３］に記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１５］ディスクブレーキパッド用、ドラムブレーキライニング用、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用又は保持ブレーキ用である、上記［９］～［１４］のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
［１６］上記［９］～［１５］のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物を含有してなる摩擦材。
［１７］上記［１６］に記載の摩擦材を搭載した車両。 The present invention relates to the following [1] to [17].
[1] A friction member having a friction material and a back metal.
The friction material does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1. A friction member containing by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass.
[2] The metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide. ] The friction member described in.
[3] The friction member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the friction material further contains a titanate.
[4] The friction member according to the above [3], wherein the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate.
[5] The friction material further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), a fiber base material and a binder. , The friction member according to any one of the above [1] to [4].
[6] The friction member according to the above [5], wherein the organic filler contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles, rubber and melamine particles.
[7] The friction member according to any one of [1] to [6] above, which is used for disc brake pads, drum brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes, or holding brakes.
[8] A vehicle equipped with the friction member according to any one of the above [1] to [7].
[9] A friction material composition that does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, has a copper content of less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
A friction material composition containing a total of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide.
[10] The metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide. ] The friction material composition according to.
[11] The friction material composition according to the above [9] or [10], which further contains a titanate.
[12] The friction material composition according to the above [11], wherein the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate. ..
[13] Further, the above [9] further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), a fiber base material and a binder. The friction material composition according to any one of [12].
[14] The friction material composition according to the above [13], wherein the organic filler contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles, rubber and melamine particles.
[15] The friction material composition according to any one of [9] to [14] above, which is used for disc brake pads, drum brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes or holding brakes.
[16] A friction material containing the friction material composition according to any one of the above [9] to [15].
[17] A vehicle equipped with the friction material according to the above [16].
本発明によれば、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の少ない材料を用いて、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れる摩擦材組成物、並びに、該摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦部材及び摩擦材を提供することができる。さらに、前記摩擦部材又は前記摩擦材を搭載した車両を提供することができる。
本発明の摩擦材は、ディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング、電磁ブレーキ、保持ブレーキ等の摩擦材として用いた際、環境負荷及び人体への有害性が低い。 According to the present invention, using a material having a low environmental load and harm to the human body, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when normal braking is repeated, and a friction material composition having excellent stability of the friction coefficient, and , A friction member and a friction material using the friction material composition can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide the friction member or a vehicle equipped with the friction material.
When the friction material of the present invention is used as a friction material for disc brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes, holding brakes, etc., it has a low environmental load and is less harmful to the human body.
本発明の摩擦材は、ディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング、電磁ブレーキ、保持ブレーキ等の摩擦材として用いた際、環境負荷及び人体への有害性が低い。 According to the present invention, using a material having a low environmental load and harm to the human body, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when normal braking is repeated, and a friction material composition having excellent stability of the friction coefficient, and , A friction member and a friction material using the friction material composition can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide the friction member or a vehicle equipped with the friction material.
When the friction material of the present invention is used as a friction material for disc brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes, holding brakes, etc., it has a low environmental load and is less harmful to the human body.
以下、本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦部材、摩擦材組成物、摩擦材及び車両について詳細に説明する。但し、以下の実施形態において、その構成要素は、特に明示した場合を除き、必須ではない。数値及びその範囲についても同様であり、本発明を制限するものではない。
本明細書中に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。さらに、本明細書において、摩擦材組成物中又は摩擦材中の各成分の含有率は、各成分に該当する物質が複数種存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、摩擦材組成物中又は摩擦材中に存在する当該複数種の物質の合計含有率を意味する。
なお、本発明において、「通常制動」とは、ブレーキ開始時のディスクロータ温度が１００～１４０℃であって、３～４ｍ／ｓ２で減速する制動のことをいう。
また、本明細書における記載事項を任意に組み合わせた態様も本発明に含まれる。 Hereinafter, the friction member, the friction material composition, the friction material, and the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. However, in the following embodiments, the components are not essential unless otherwise specified. The same applies to the numerical values and their ranges, and does not limit the present invention.
In the numerical range described in the present specification, the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples. Further, in the present specification, the content of each component in the friction material composition or in the friction material is, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present, in the friction material composition or unless otherwise specified. It means the total content of the plurality of substances present in the friction material.
In the present invention, "normal braking" refers to braking in which the disc rotor temperature at the start of braking is 100 to 140 ° C. and decelerates at 3 to 4 m / s 2 .
The present invention also includes aspects in which the items described in the present specification are arbitrarily combined.
本明細書中に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。さらに、本明細書において、摩擦材組成物中又は摩擦材中の各成分の含有率は、各成分に該当する物質が複数種存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、摩擦材組成物中又は摩擦材中に存在する当該複数種の物質の合計含有率を意味する。
なお、本発明において、「通常制動」とは、ブレーキ開始時のディスクロータ温度が１００～１４０℃であって、３～４ｍ／ｓ２で減速する制動のことをいう。
また、本明細書における記載事項を任意に組み合わせた態様も本発明に含まれる。 Hereinafter, the friction member, the friction material composition, the friction material, and the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. However, in the following embodiments, the components are not essential unless otherwise specified. The same applies to the numerical values and their ranges, and does not limit the present invention.
In the numerical range described in the present specification, the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples. Further, in the present specification, the content of each component in the friction material composition or in the friction material is, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present, in the friction material composition or unless otherwise specified. It means the total content of the plurality of substances present in the friction material.
In the present invention, "normal braking" refers to braking in which the disc rotor temperature at the start of braking is 100 to 140 ° C. and decelerates at 3 to 4 m / s 2 .
The present invention also includes aspects in which the items described in the present specification are arbitrarily combined.
［摩擦部材］
本発明の一態様である摩擦部材は、摩擦材及び裏金を有する摩擦部材であって、
前記摩擦材が、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満であり、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦部材である。
以下、摩擦材に用いる材料（摩擦材組成物）について詳述する。なお、摩擦材組成物中の各成分及びその含有量は、摩擦材中の各成分及びその含有量と同義である。 [Friction member]
The friction member according to one aspect of the present invention is a friction member having a friction material and a back metal.
The friction material does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1. It is a friction member containing more than mass% and less than 8.0% by mass.
Hereinafter, the material (friction material composition) used for the friction material will be described in detail. Each component in the friction material composition and its content are synonymous with each component in the friction material and its content.
本発明の一態様である摩擦部材は、摩擦材及び裏金を有する摩擦部材であって、
前記摩擦材が、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満であり、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦部材である。
以下、摩擦材に用いる材料（摩擦材組成物）について詳述する。なお、摩擦材組成物中の各成分及びその含有量は、摩擦材中の各成分及びその含有量と同義である。 [Friction member]
The friction member according to one aspect of the present invention is a friction member having a friction material and a back metal.
The friction material does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1. It is a friction member containing more than mass% and less than 8.0% by mass.
Hereinafter, the material (friction material composition) used for the friction material will be described in detail. Each component in the friction material composition and its content are synonymous with each component in the friction material and its content.
［摩擦材組成物］
本発明の一態様である摩擦材組成物は、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物であって、
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する摩擦材組成物である。
当該摩擦材組成物の好ましい態様は、前記金属硫化物と共に、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物を除く）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する摩擦材組成物である。より好ましい態様は、前記金属硫化物と共に、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物を除く）、繊維基材及び結合材を含有する摩擦材組成物である。 [Friction material composition]
The friction material composition according to one aspect of the present invention is a friction material composition that does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
A friction material composition containing a total of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide.
A preferred embodiment of the friction material composition is, in addition to the metal sulfide, at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide), a fiber base material, and a binder. It is a friction material composition contained. A more preferred embodiment is a friction material composition containing the metal sulfide, an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide), a fiber base material, and a binder.
本発明の一態様である摩擦材組成物は、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物であって、
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する摩擦材組成物である。
当該摩擦材組成物の好ましい態様は、前記金属硫化物と共に、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物を除く）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する摩擦材組成物である。より好ましい態様は、前記金属硫化物と共に、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物を除く）、繊維基材及び結合材を含有する摩擦材組成物である。 [Friction material composition]
The friction material composition according to one aspect of the present invention is a friction material composition that does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
A friction material composition containing a total of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide.
A preferred embodiment of the friction material composition is, in addition to the metal sulfide, at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide), a fiber base material, and a binder. It is a friction material composition contained. A more preferred embodiment is a friction material composition containing the metal sulfide, an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide), a fiber base material, and a binder.
摩擦材組成物は銅を含有しないことが好ましく、銅を含む場合には、摩擦材組成物における銅の含有量を銅元素として０．５質量％未満とすることにより、環境中に摩耗粉として放出されても、河川等の汚染を引き起こさないものとすることができる。なお、銅の含有量は、繊維状及び粉末状等の銅、銅合金及び銅化合物に含まれる銅元素（Ｃｕ）の、摩擦材組成物全体における含有量を示す。摩擦材組成物における銅の含有量は、銅元素として０．２質量％以下であることがより好ましく、０．０５質量％以下であることがさらに好ましい。
The friction material composition preferably does not contain copper, and when copper is contained, the content of copper in the friction material composition is set to less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, so that it can be used as abrasion powder in the environment. Even if it is released, it can be considered not to cause pollution of rivers and the like. The copper content indicates the content of copper element (Cu) contained in fibrous and powdery copper, copper alloys and copper compounds in the entire friction material composition. The content of copper in the friction material composition is more preferably 0.2% by mass or less as a copper element, and further preferably 0.05% by mass or less.
また、本発明の摩擦材組成物においては、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の観点から、酸化アンチモン及び硫化アンチモン等のアンチモン化合物を実質的に含まないことが好ましい。本明細書において、「実質的に含まない（含まれない）」及び「実質的に～～を含まない」とは、摩擦材組成物に何ら影響を与えない程度（例えば０．１質量％以下、好ましくは０．０５質量％以下、より好ましくは０．０１質量％以下）の量しか含有しないこと又は全く含有しないこと（０質量％）を意味し、以下同様である。
Further, it is preferable that the friction material composition of the present invention does not substantially contain antimony compounds such as antimony oxide and antimony sulfide from the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body. In the present specification, "substantially free (not included)" and "substantially free of ..." are used to the extent that they do not affect the friction material composition (for example, 0.1% by mass or less). , Preferably 0.05% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or less), or not at all (0% by mass), and so on.
さらに、発錆による耐久性低下等を避ける観点から、本発明の摩擦材組成物においては鉄系金属を含有しないことが好ましいが、鉄系金属を含む場合であっても、摩擦材組成物における鉄系金属の含有量を鉄元素として０．５質量％未満とすることにより、耐錆性を良好なものとすることができる。摩擦材組成物における鉄系金属の含有量は、鉄元素として０．２質量％以下であることがより好ましく、０．０５質量％以下であることがさらに好ましい。ここで、鉄系金属とは、鉄を主成分とする金属であって、一般的な鉄鋼を指し、鉄の含有量は、鉄、鉄合金及び鉄化合物に含まれる鉄元素（Ｆｅ）の、摩擦材組成物全体における含有量を示す。
Further, from the viewpoint of avoiding deterioration of durability due to rust, it is preferable that the friction material composition of the present invention does not contain an iron-based metal, but even when an iron-based metal is contained, the friction material composition By setting the content of the iron-based metal to less than 0.5% by mass as the iron element, the rust resistance can be improved. The content of the iron-based metal in the friction material composition is more preferably 0.2% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.05% by mass or less as the iron element. Here, the iron-based metal is a metal containing iron as a main component and refers to general steel, and the iron content is that of iron, an iron element (Fe) contained in an iron alloy and an iron compound. The content in the entire friction material composition is shown.
なお、本発明の摩擦材組成物は、ＮＡＯ（Non-Asbestos-Organic）材に分類されるものであり、いわゆるノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物（アスベストを含有しない摩擦材組成物、又は含有する場合であってもアスベストの含有量が極微量の摩擦材組成物）である。摩擦材組成物中、アスベストの含有量は０．２質量％以下であり、実質的に含まれない。
The friction material composition of the present invention is classified as a NAO (Non-Asbestos-Organic) material, and is a so-called non-asbestos friction material composition (a friction material composition that does not contain asbestos, or when it is contained). Even if there is, it is a friction material composition with a very small amount of asbestos). The content of asbestos in the friction material composition is 0.2% by mass or less, and is substantially not contained.
（金属硫化物）
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性の観点から、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する。硫化ビスマス以外の金属硫化物としては、例えば、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガン等が挙げられ、これらからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種であることが好ましい。なお、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の観点から、前記金属硫化物として（言うまでもなく本発明の摩擦材組成物としても）、硫化アンチモンを実質的に含まないことが好ましい。
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物の含有量が上記所定量であることによって、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物において、優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものになる。硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物の代わりに、硫化ビスマスを含まない２種以上の金属化合物を用いると、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性が不十分となる。 (Metallic sulfide)
The friction material composition of the present invention contains 0.1% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient during repeated braking and the stability of the friction coefficient. Contains less than%. Examples of metal sulfides other than bismuth sulfide include tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide, manganese sulfide, and the like, and at least one selected from the group consisting of these. preferable. From the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body, it is preferable that antimony sulfide is substantially not contained as the metal sulfide (not to mention the friction material composition of the present invention).
When the content of two or more kinds of metal sulfides including bismuth sulfide is the above-mentioned predetermined amount, copper is not contained, or even if it is contained, the copper content is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element. In the friction material composition, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained, and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent. If two or more metal compounds that do not contain bismuth sulfide are used in place of two or more metal sulfides that contain bismuth sulfide, the friction coefficient during repeated braking and the stability of the friction coefficient become insufficient. ..
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性の観点から、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する。硫化ビスマス以外の金属硫化物としては、例えば、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガン等が挙げられ、これらからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種であることが好ましい。なお、環境負荷及び人体への有害性の観点から、前記金属硫化物として（言うまでもなく本発明の摩擦材組成物としても）、硫化アンチモンを実質的に含まないことが好ましい。
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物の含有量が上記所定量であることによって、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物において、優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものになる。硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物の代わりに、硫化ビスマスを含まない２種以上の金属化合物を用いると、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性が不十分となる。 (Metallic sulfide)
The friction material composition of the present invention contains 0.1% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient during repeated braking and the stability of the friction coefficient. Contains less than%. Examples of metal sulfides other than bismuth sulfide include tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide, manganese sulfide, and the like, and at least one selected from the group consisting of these. preferable. From the viewpoint of environmental load and harmfulness to the human body, it is preferable that antimony sulfide is substantially not contained as the metal sulfide (not to mention the friction material composition of the present invention).
When the content of two or more kinds of metal sulfides including bismuth sulfide is the above-mentioned predetermined amount, copper is not contained, or even if it is contained, the copper content is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element. In the friction material composition, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained, and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent. If two or more metal compounds that do not contain bismuth sulfide are used in place of two or more metal sulfides that contain bismuth sulfide, the friction coefficient during repeated braking and the stability of the friction coefficient become insufficient. ..
（チタン酸塩）
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、さらにチタン酸塩を含有することが好ましい。摩擦材組成物がチタン酸塩を含有する場合、その含有量は、好ましくは５質量％以上、より好ましくは１０質量％以上、より好ましくは１３質量％以上である。チタン酸塩の含有量の上限に特に制限はないが、好ましくは４５質量％以下、より好ましくは３０質量％以下、さらに好ましくは２０質量％以下、特に好ましくは１７質量％以下である。
チタン酸塩の含有量が５質量％以上であれば、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性がより一層向上する。一方、チタン酸塩の含有量が４５質量％以下であれば、摩擦材の機械的強度の低下及び耐摩耗性の低下が抑制されると共に、吸湿による摩擦係数の安定性の低下が抑制され、さらに、摩擦材と摩擦対象物との間の錆による固着が抑制され、且つ、摩擦対象物となるディスクロータ等の成分を摩擦材自身に付着させる現象（メタルキャッチ）を抑制できる傾向にある。 (Titanate)
The friction material composition of the present invention preferably further contains a titanate. When the friction material composition contains titanium salt, the content thereof is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 13% by mass or more. The upper limit of the content of titanate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 45% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 17% by mass or less.
When the content of the titanate is 5% by mass or more, the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient are further improved. On the other hand, when the content of titanate is 45% by mass or less, the decrease in mechanical strength and wear resistance of the friction material is suppressed, and the decrease in stability of the friction coefficient due to moisture absorption is suppressed. Further, there is a tendency that sticking due to rust between the friction material and the friction object can be suppressed, and a phenomenon (metal catch) in which a component such as a disc rotor which is the friction object adheres to the friction material itself can be suppressed.
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、さらにチタン酸塩を含有することが好ましい。摩擦材組成物がチタン酸塩を含有する場合、その含有量は、好ましくは５質量％以上、より好ましくは１０質量％以上、より好ましくは１３質量％以上である。チタン酸塩の含有量の上限に特に制限はないが、好ましくは４５質量％以下、より好ましくは３０質量％以下、さらに好ましくは２０質量％以下、特に好ましくは１７質量％以下である。
チタン酸塩の含有量が５質量％以上であれば、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性がより一層向上する。一方、チタン酸塩の含有量が４５質量％以下であれば、摩擦材の機械的強度の低下及び耐摩耗性の低下が抑制されると共に、吸湿による摩擦係数の安定性の低下が抑制され、さらに、摩擦材と摩擦対象物との間の錆による固着が抑制され、且つ、摩擦対象物となるディスクロータ等の成分を摩擦材自身に付着させる現象（メタルキャッチ）を抑制できる傾向にある。 (Titanate)
The friction material composition of the present invention preferably further contains a titanate. When the friction material composition contains titanium salt, the content thereof is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 13% by mass or more. The upper limit of the content of titanate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 45% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 17% by mass or less.
When the content of the titanate is 5% by mass or more, the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient are further improved. On the other hand, when the content of titanate is 45% by mass or less, the decrease in mechanical strength and wear resistance of the friction material is suppressed, and the decrease in stability of the friction coefficient due to moisture absorption is suppressed. Further, there is a tendency that sticking due to rust between the friction material and the friction object can be suppressed, and a phenomenon (metal catch) in which a component such as a disc rotor which is the friction object adheres to the friction material itself can be suppressed.
チタン酸塩としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム、チタン酸ナトリウム等からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を用いることができる。中でも、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性の観点から、チタン酸カリウムが好ましい。
The titanate is not particularly limited, but for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium potassium titanate, magnesium potassium titanate, sodium titanate and the like can be used. .. Of these, potassium titanate is preferable from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient.
チタン酸塩の形状としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、繊維状、柱状、板状、粒子状、鱗片状等が挙げられる。チタン酸塩の形状は、例えば走査型電子顕微鏡（Ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ；ＳＥＭ）観察によって解析することができる。
また、チタン酸塩としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、平均粒子径１～５０μｍ、比表面積０．５～１０ｍ２／ｇのチタン酸塩を使用できる。また、比表面積は、吸着ガスとして窒素ガスを用いたＢＥＴ法等により求めることができる。
なお、本明細書において、平均粒子径はレーザー回折粒度分布測定の方法を用いて測定したｄ５０の値（体積分布のメジアン径、累積中央値）を意味する。 The shape of the titanate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fibrous, columnar, plate-like, particulate, and scaly shapes. The shape of the titanate can be analyzed, for example, by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The titanate is not particularly limited, but for example, a titanate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm and a specific surface area of 0.5 to 10 m 2 / g can be used. The specific surface area can be determined by a BET method or the like using nitrogen gas as the adsorbed gas.
In addition, in this specification, the average particle diameter means the value of d50 (median diameter of volume distribution, cumulative median value) measured by using the method of laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement.
また、チタン酸塩としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、平均粒子径１～５０μｍ、比表面積０．５～１０ｍ２／ｇのチタン酸塩を使用できる。また、比表面積は、吸着ガスとして窒素ガスを用いたＢＥＴ法等により求めることができる。
なお、本明細書において、平均粒子径はレーザー回折粒度分布測定の方法を用いて測定したｄ５０の値（体積分布のメジアン径、累積中央値）を意味する。 The shape of the titanate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fibrous, columnar, plate-like, particulate, and scaly shapes. The shape of the titanate can be analyzed, for example, by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The titanate is not particularly limited, but for example, a titanate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm and a specific surface area of 0.5 to 10 m 2 / g can be used. The specific surface area can be determined by a BET method or the like using nitrogen gas as the adsorbed gas.
In addition, in this specification, the average particle diameter means the value of d50 (median diameter of volume distribution, cumulative median value) measured by using the method of laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement.
前述の通り、従来の銅を含有する摩擦材では、制動により摩擦界面で銅の延展膜が形成され、該延展膜は、高速で制動した際に摩擦材が過度に摩耗するのを防止する効果があったが、銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量が少ない摩擦材では、銅による当該効果が実質的に得られない。銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量が少ない摩擦材において、優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものとすることは必ずしも容易ではないが、本発明の摩擦材組成物によれば、銅を含有しないか、又は銅の含有量が少ない摩擦材においても、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の優れた安定性を発現する。
As described above, in the conventional copper-containing friction material, a copper spreading film is formed at the friction interface by braking, and the spreading film has an effect of preventing the friction material from being excessively worn when braking at high speed. However, with a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content, the effect of copper cannot be substantially obtained. It is not always easy to obtain an excellent friction coefficient and to have excellent stability of the friction coefficient in a friction material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content, but the present invention According to the friction material composition, even a friction material containing no copper or a low content of copper exhibits an excellent friction coefficient and excellent stability of the friction coefficient when the normal braking is repeated.
以下、摩擦材組成物がさらに含有していてもよい各成分について順に説明する。
（有機充填材）
有機充填材は、制振性及び耐摩耗性等を向上させるための摩擦調整剤としての機能を発現し得るものである。ここで、本発明において、該有機充填材は繊維形状のもの（例えば後述の有機繊維）を含まない。有機充填材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
前記有機充填材としては、摩擦材組成物に一般的に用いられる有機充填材を使用することができ、例えば、カシューパーティクル、ゴム、メラミンパーティクル等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、摩擦係数の安定性及び耐摩耗性を良好とする観点並びに鳴きを抑制する観点から、カシューパーティクル、ゴムが好ましい。
また、有機充填材としては、カシューパーティクルとゴムとを併用してもよいし、カシューパーティクルをゴムで被覆したものを用いてもよい。 Hereinafter, each component that may be further contained in the friction material composition will be described in order.
(Organic filler)
The organic filler can exhibit a function as a friction modifier for improving vibration damping property, wear resistance and the like. Here, in the present invention, the organic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (for example, organic fibers described later). As the organic filler, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
As the organic filler, an organic filler generally used in a friction material composition can be used, and examples thereof include cashew particles, rubber, and melamine particles. Among these, cashew particles and rubber are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the stability and wear resistance of the friction coefficient and suppressing squeal.
Further, as the organic filler, cashew particles and rubber may be used in combination, or cashew particles coated with rubber may be used.
（有機充填材）
有機充填材は、制振性及び耐摩耗性等を向上させるための摩擦調整剤としての機能を発現し得るものである。ここで、本発明において、該有機充填材は繊維形状のもの（例えば後述の有機繊維）を含まない。有機充填材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
前記有機充填材としては、摩擦材組成物に一般的に用いられる有機充填材を使用することができ、例えば、カシューパーティクル、ゴム、メラミンパーティクル等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、摩擦係数の安定性及び耐摩耗性を良好とする観点並びに鳴きを抑制する観点から、カシューパーティクル、ゴムが好ましい。
また、有機充填材としては、カシューパーティクルとゴムとを併用してもよいし、カシューパーティクルをゴムで被覆したものを用いてもよい。 Hereinafter, each component that may be further contained in the friction material composition will be described in order.
(Organic filler)
The organic filler can exhibit a function as a friction modifier for improving vibration damping property, wear resistance and the like. Here, in the present invention, the organic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (for example, organic fibers described later). As the organic filler, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
As the organic filler, an organic filler generally used in a friction material composition can be used, and examples thereof include cashew particles, rubber, and melamine particles. Among these, cashew particles and rubber are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the stability and wear resistance of the friction coefficient and suppressing squeal.
Further, as the organic filler, cashew particles and rubber may be used in combination, or cashew particles coated with rubber may be used.
前記カシューパーティクルは、カシューナッツシェルオイルを硬化させたものを粉砕して得られ、一般的に、カシューダストと称されることもある。
カシューパーティクルは、一般的に、硬化反応に使用する硬化剤の種類に応じて、茶系、茶黒系、黒系等に分類される。カシューパーティクルは、分子量等を調整することで、耐熱性及び音振性、さらに摩擦対象物であるディスクロータへの被膜形成性等を制御し易くすることが可能である。
カシューパーティクルの平均粒子径に特に制限はないが、分散性の観点から、８５０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、７５０μｍ以下であることがより好ましく、６００μｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。カシューパーティクルの平均粒子径の下限値に特に制限はなく、２００μｍ以上であってもよく、３００μｍ以上であってもよく、４００μｍ以上であってもよい。
カシューパーティクルとしては、市販品を使用することができる。
カシューパーティクルは、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The cashew particles are obtained by crushing a cured cashew nut shell oil, and are also generally referred to as cashew dust.
Cashew particles are generally classified into brown-based, brown-black-based, black-based, and the like according to the type of curing agent used in the curing reaction. By adjusting the molecular weight and the like of the cashew particles, it is possible to easily control the heat resistance, the sound vibration property, and the film forming property on the disc rotor which is the object of friction.
The average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferably 850 μm or less, more preferably 750 μm or less, and further preferably 600 μm or less. The lower limit of the average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, and may be 200 μm or more, 300 μm or more, or 400 μm or more.
Commercially available products can be used as the cashew particles.
One type of cashew particles may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
カシューパーティクルは、一般的に、硬化反応に使用する硬化剤の種類に応じて、茶系、茶黒系、黒系等に分類される。カシューパーティクルは、分子量等を調整することで、耐熱性及び音振性、さらに摩擦対象物であるディスクロータへの被膜形成性等を制御し易くすることが可能である。
カシューパーティクルの平均粒子径に特に制限はないが、分散性の観点から、８５０μｍ以下であることが好ましく、７５０μｍ以下であることがより好ましく、６００μｍ以下であることがさらに好ましい。カシューパーティクルの平均粒子径の下限値に特に制限はなく、２００μｍ以上であってもよく、３００μｍ以上であってもよく、４００μｍ以上であってもよい。
カシューパーティクルとしては、市販品を使用することができる。
カシューパーティクルは、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The cashew particles are obtained by crushing a cured cashew nut shell oil, and are also generally referred to as cashew dust.
Cashew particles are generally classified into brown-based, brown-black-based, black-based, and the like according to the type of curing agent used in the curing reaction. By adjusting the molecular weight and the like of the cashew particles, it is possible to easily control the heat resistance, the sound vibration property, and the film forming property on the disc rotor which is the object of friction.
The average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferably 850 μm or less, more preferably 750 μm or less, and further preferably 600 μm or less. The lower limit of the average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, and may be 200 μm or more, 300 μm or more, or 400 μm or more.
Commercially available products can be used as the cashew particles.
One type of cashew particles may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
摩擦材組成物が有機充填材を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは１～２０質量％、より好ましくは３～１５質量％、さらに好ましくは５～１５質量％である。有機充填材の合計含有量を上記範囲とすることで、摩擦材の弾性率が高くなる傾向、並びに鳴き等の制振性の悪化及び耐摩耗性の悪化を避けることができる傾向にあり、また、耐熱性の悪化及び熱履歴による強度低下を避けることができる傾向にある。
When the friction material composition contains an organic filler, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. %. By setting the total content of the organic filler in the above range, the elastic modulus of the friction material tends to be high, and the deterioration of vibration damping property such as squeal and the deterioration of wear resistance tend to be avoided. , Deterioration of heat resistance and decrease in strength due to heat history tend to be avoided.
前記ゴムとしては摩擦材組成物に通常用いられるゴムが挙げられる。該ゴムとしては、例えば、天然ゴム、合成ゴムが挙げられる。前記合成ゴムとしては、例えば、アクリロニトリル－ブタジエンゴム（ＮＢＲ）、アクリルゴム、イソプレンゴム、ポリブタジエンゴム（ＢＲ）、スチレンブタジエンゴム（ＳＢＲ）、シリコーンゴム、タイヤトレッドゴムの粉砕粉等が挙げられる。
ゴムは１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。ゴムとしては、耐熱性、柔軟性及び製造コストのバランスの観点から、アクリロニトリル－ブタジエンゴム（ＮＢＲ）、タイヤトレッドゴムの粉砕粉が好ましい。
摩擦材組成物が前記ゴムを含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物中に１～３０質量％であることが好ましく、２～１５質量％であることがより好ましく、２～８質量％であることがさらに好ましく、２～５質量％であることが特に好ましい。前記ゴムの含有量を上記範囲とすることで、摩擦材の弾性率が高くなる傾向、及び鳴き等の制振性が悪化することを避けることができる傾向にあり、また、耐熱性の悪化及び熱履歴による強度低下を避けることができる傾向にある。 Examples of the rubber include rubber usually used in a friction material composition. Examples of the rubber include natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Examples of the synthetic rubber include acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), silicone rubber, and crushed powder of tire tread rubber.
One type of rubber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. As the rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and crushed powder of tire tread rubber are preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between heat resistance, flexibility and manufacturing cost.
When the friction material composition contains the rubber, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and 2 to 8% by mass in the friction material composition. It is more preferably%, and particularly preferably 2 to 5% by mass. By setting the rubber content in the above range, the elastic modulus of the friction material tends to be high, and it is possible to avoid deterioration of vibration damping properties such as squealing, and deterioration of heat resistance and heat resistance. There is a tendency to avoid a decrease in strength due to heat history.
ゴムは１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。ゴムとしては、耐熱性、柔軟性及び製造コストのバランスの観点から、アクリロニトリル－ブタジエンゴム（ＮＢＲ）、タイヤトレッドゴムの粉砕粉が好ましい。
摩擦材組成物が前記ゴムを含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物中に１～３０質量％であることが好ましく、２～１５質量％であることがより好ましく、２～８質量％であることがさらに好ましく、２～５質量％であることが特に好ましい。前記ゴムの含有量を上記範囲とすることで、摩擦材の弾性率が高くなる傾向、及び鳴き等の制振性が悪化することを避けることができる傾向にあり、また、耐熱性の悪化及び熱履歴による強度低下を避けることができる傾向にある。 Examples of the rubber include rubber usually used in a friction material composition. Examples of the rubber include natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Examples of the synthetic rubber include acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), silicone rubber, and crushed powder of tire tread rubber.
One type of rubber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. As the rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and crushed powder of tire tread rubber are preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between heat resistance, flexibility and manufacturing cost.
When the friction material composition contains the rubber, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and 2 to 8% by mass in the friction material composition. It is more preferably%, and particularly preferably 2 to 5% by mass. By setting the rubber content in the above range, the elastic modulus of the friction material tends to be high, and it is possible to avoid deterioration of vibration damping properties such as squealing, and deterioration of heat resistance and heat resistance. There is a tendency to avoid a decrease in strength due to heat history.
（無機充填材）
摩擦材組成物は、無機充填材を含有していてもよい。但し、該無機充填材は、重複を避けるために前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を含まない。
該無機充填材は、摩擦材の耐熱性、耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性等の悪化を避けるための摩擦調整材としての機能を発現し得るものである。ここで、本発明においては、無機充填材は繊維形状のもの（例えば後述の無機繊維）を含まない。無機充填材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
該無機充填材としては特に制限はなく、摩擦材に通常用いられる無機充填材を使用できる。無機充填材としては、例えば、マイカ、黒鉛、コークス、水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、硫酸バリウム、ドロマイト、コークス、マイカ、バーミキュライト、硫酸カルシウム、タルク、クレー、ゼオライト、ケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）、ジルコニア、ムライト、クロマイト、酸化チタン、シリカ、四酸化三鉄、酸化亜鉛、ガーネット、α－アルミナ、γ－アルミナ、炭化珪素；鉄、鋳鉄、アルミニウム、ニッケル、スズ、亜鉛等の金属の粉末、及び前記金属のうちの少なくとも１つの金属を含有する合金粉末等の金属粉末などが挙げられる。特に制限されるものではないが、無機充填材としては、銅を含有しないものが好ましく、銅及び鉄系金属を含有しないものがより好ましい。これらの中でも、亜鉛、黒鉛、アルミナ、ケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）、水酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム及び硫酸バリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種が好ましく、亜鉛、黒鉛、アルミナ、ケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）、水酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム及び硫酸バリウムを併用することがより好ましい。 (Inorganic filler)
The friction material composition may contain an inorganic filler. However, the inorganic filler does not contain the metal sulfide and the titanate to avoid duplication.
The inorganic filler can exhibit a function as a friction adjusting material for avoiding deterioration of heat resistance, wear resistance, stability of friction coefficient and the like of the friction material. Here, in the present invention, the inorganic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (for example, inorganic fibers described later). As the inorganic filler, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and an inorganic filler usually used as a friction material can be used. Examples of the inorganic filler include mica, graphite, coke, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, dolomite, coke, mica, vermiculite, calcium sulfate, talc, and clay. , Zeolite, zirconium silicate (zircone), zirconia, mulite, chromate, titanium oxide, silica, triiron tetroxide, zinc oxide, garnet, α-alumina, γ-alumina, silicon carbide; iron, cast iron, aluminum, nickel, Examples thereof include metal powders such as tin and zinc, and metal powders such as alloy powders containing at least one of the metals. Although not particularly limited, the inorganic filler preferably does not contain copper, and more preferably does not contain copper or an iron-based metal. Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, graphite, alumina, zirconium silicate (zircon), calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and barium sulfate is preferable, and zinc, graphite, alumina and zirconium silicate (zircon) are preferable. ), Calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and barium sulfate are more preferable in combination.
摩擦材組成物は、無機充填材を含有していてもよい。但し、該無機充填材は、重複を避けるために前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を含まない。
該無機充填材は、摩擦材の耐熱性、耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性等の悪化を避けるための摩擦調整材としての機能を発現し得るものである。ここで、本発明においては、無機充填材は繊維形状のもの（例えば後述の無機繊維）を含まない。無機充填材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
該無機充填材としては特に制限はなく、摩擦材に通常用いられる無機充填材を使用できる。無機充填材としては、例えば、マイカ、黒鉛、コークス、水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、硫酸バリウム、ドロマイト、コークス、マイカ、バーミキュライト、硫酸カルシウム、タルク、クレー、ゼオライト、ケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）、ジルコニア、ムライト、クロマイト、酸化チタン、シリカ、四酸化三鉄、酸化亜鉛、ガーネット、α－アルミナ、γ－アルミナ、炭化珪素；鉄、鋳鉄、アルミニウム、ニッケル、スズ、亜鉛等の金属の粉末、及び前記金属のうちの少なくとも１つの金属を含有する合金粉末等の金属粉末などが挙げられる。特に制限されるものではないが、無機充填材としては、銅を含有しないものが好ましく、銅及び鉄系金属を含有しないものがより好ましい。これらの中でも、亜鉛、黒鉛、アルミナ、ケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）、水酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム及び硫酸バリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種が好ましく、亜鉛、黒鉛、アルミナ、ケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）、水酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム及び硫酸バリウムを併用することがより好ましい。 (Inorganic filler)
The friction material composition may contain an inorganic filler. However, the inorganic filler does not contain the metal sulfide and the titanate to avoid duplication.
The inorganic filler can exhibit a function as a friction adjusting material for avoiding deterioration of heat resistance, wear resistance, stability of friction coefficient and the like of the friction material. Here, in the present invention, the inorganic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (for example, inorganic fibers described later). As the inorganic filler, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and an inorganic filler usually used as a friction material can be used. Examples of the inorganic filler include mica, graphite, coke, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, dolomite, coke, mica, vermiculite, calcium sulfate, talc, and clay. , Zeolite, zirconium silicate (zircone), zirconia, mulite, chromate, titanium oxide, silica, triiron tetroxide, zinc oxide, garnet, α-alumina, γ-alumina, silicon carbide; iron, cast iron, aluminum, nickel, Examples thereof include metal powders such as tin and zinc, and metal powders such as alloy powders containing at least one of the metals. Although not particularly limited, the inorganic filler preferably does not contain copper, and more preferably does not contain copper or an iron-based metal. Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, graphite, alumina, zirconium silicate (zircon), calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and barium sulfate is preferable, and zinc, graphite, alumina and zirconium silicate (zircon) are preferable. ), Calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and barium sulfate are more preferable in combination.
なお、上記無機充填材のうち、水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム及び酸化亜鉛は、摩擦材の錆発生の抑制の観点から好ましい。ただし、水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウムは摩擦材のｐＨを増加させ、アラミド繊維が分解し易くなる傾向があるため、アラミド繊維と共に使用する際にはｐＨが高くなり過ぎないように使用量に注意することが好ましく、例えば、無機充填材として水酸化カルシウムを含有する場合、水酸化カルシウムの含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは０．５～１０質量％、より好ましくは１～８質量％、さらに好ましくは１～５質量％である。
Of the above-mentioned inorganic fillers, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate and zinc oxide are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of rust on the friction material. However, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and sodium carbonate increase the pH of the friction material, and the aramid fiber tends to be easily decomposed. Therefore, when used together with the aramid fiber, the amount used should not be too high. For example, when calcium hydroxide is contained as the inorganic filler, the content of calcium hydroxide is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the friction material composition. It is 1 to 8% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
前記黒鉛としては、特に制限されるものではなく、公知の黒鉛、つまり、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛のいずれも使用することができる。黒鉛は、平均粒子径が１～５０μｍであることが好ましく、２～４０μｍであることがより好ましく、５～３０μｍであることがさらに好ましく、１０～２０μｍであることが特に好ましい。
摩擦材組成物が黒鉛を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは２～２０質量％、より好ましくは３～１５質量％、さらに好ましくは３～１０質量％、特に好ましくは３～８質量％である。２質量％以上であれば、摩擦材の熱伝導率を向上させ易く、２０質量％以下であれば、摩擦材組成物の凝集力の低下を抑制でき、摩擦係数の低下を抑制し易い傾向にある。 The graphite is not particularly limited, and any known graphite, that is, natural graphite or artificial graphite can be used. The average particle size of graphite is preferably 1 to 50 μm, more preferably 2 to 40 μm, further preferably 5 to 30 μm, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 μm.
When the friction material composition contains graphite, the content thereof is preferably 2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, still more preferably 3 to 10% by mass, based on the friction material composition. Particularly preferably, it is 3 to 8% by mass. If it is 2% by mass or more, the thermal conductivity of the friction material can be easily improved, and if it is 20% by mass or less, the decrease in the cohesive force of the friction material composition can be suppressed and the decrease in the friction coefficient tends to be easily suppressed. is there.
摩擦材組成物が黒鉛を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは２～２０質量％、より好ましくは３～１５質量％、さらに好ましくは３～１０質量％、特に好ましくは３～８質量％である。２質量％以上であれば、摩擦材の熱伝導率を向上させ易く、２０質量％以下であれば、摩擦材組成物の凝集力の低下を抑制でき、摩擦係数の低下を抑制し易い傾向にある。 The graphite is not particularly limited, and any known graphite, that is, natural graphite or artificial graphite can be used. The average particle size of graphite is preferably 1 to 50 μm, more preferably 2 to 40 μm, further preferably 5 to 30 μm, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 μm.
When the friction material composition contains graphite, the content thereof is preferably 2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, still more preferably 3 to 10% by mass, based on the friction material composition. Particularly preferably, it is 3 to 8% by mass. If it is 2% by mass or more, the thermal conductivity of the friction material can be easily improved, and if it is 20% by mass or less, the decrease in the cohesive force of the friction material composition can be suppressed and the decrease in the friction coefficient tends to be easily suppressed. is there.
摩擦材組成物が亜鉛（亜鉛粉）を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは０．５～１０質量％、より好ましくは０．５～８質量％、さらに好ましくは１～６質量％である。亜鉛は鉄よりも酸化され易いため、前記範囲であれば、摩擦特性に影響を与えずに錆の発生を抑制可能となる傾向にある。
When the friction material composition contains zinc (zinc powder), the content thereof is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 8% by mass, and further, based on the friction material composition. It is preferably 1 to 6% by mass. Since zinc is more easily oxidized than iron, it tends to be possible to suppress the occurrence of rust within the above range without affecting the frictional characteristics.
摩擦材組成物がアルミナを含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは０．１～１０質量％、より好ましくは０．１～５質量％、さらに好ましくは０．５～３質量％である。前記範囲であれば、摩擦対象物を過度に摩耗せずに適度な研削性を付与し易い傾向にある。
摩擦材組成物がケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは１～１５質量％、より好ましくは１～１０質量％、さらに好ましくは３～８質量％である。前記範囲であれば、摩擦対象物を過度に摩耗せずに適度な研削性を付与し易い傾向にある。
摩擦材組成物が酸化マグネシウムを含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは１～３５質量％、より好ましくは５～３０質量％、さらに好ましくは１０～３０質量％である。前記範囲であれば、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性に優れる傾向にある。
硫酸バリウムは、摩擦材組成物の体積を調整するための単なる充填材としての役割を果たす。つまり、硫酸バリウムの含有量は、他の成分の含有量に依存し、摩擦材組成物を所定量とするための残部を硫酸バリウムで補充することができる。なお、硫酸バリウムを含有させることによって、摩擦材組成物の嵩密度が大きくなり、ハンドリング性が良好なものとなる傾向にある。 When the friction material composition contains alumina, the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, and further preferably 0. It is 5 to 3% by mass. Within the above range, it tends to be easy to impart appropriate grindability without excessively wearing the friction object.
When the friction material composition contains zirconium silicate (zircon), the content thereof is preferably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, still more preferably 3 with respect to the friction material composition. ~ 8% by mass. Within the above range, it tends to be easy to impart appropriate grindability without excessively wearing the friction object.
When the friction material composition contains magnesium oxide, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 35% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and further preferably 10 to 30% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. Is. Within the above range, the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient tend to be excellent.
Barium sulphate serves as a mere filler for adjusting the volume of the friction material composition. That is, the content of barium sulfate depends on the content of other components, and the balance for adjusting the friction material composition to a predetermined amount can be replenished with barium sulfate. By containing barium sulfate, the bulk density of the friction material composition tends to increase, and the handleability tends to be good.
摩擦材組成物がケイ酸ジルコニウム（ジルコン）を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは１～１５質量％、より好ましくは１～１０質量％、さらに好ましくは３～８質量％である。前記範囲であれば、摩擦対象物を過度に摩耗せずに適度な研削性を付与し易い傾向にある。
摩擦材組成物が酸化マグネシウムを含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは１～３５質量％、より好ましくは５～３０質量％、さらに好ましくは１０～３０質量％である。前記範囲であれば、通常制動の繰り返し時の摩擦係数及び該摩擦係数の安定性に優れる傾向にある。
硫酸バリウムは、摩擦材組成物の体積を調整するための単なる充填材としての役割を果たす。つまり、硫酸バリウムの含有量は、他の成分の含有量に依存し、摩擦材組成物を所定量とするための残部を硫酸バリウムで補充することができる。なお、硫酸バリウムを含有させることによって、摩擦材組成物の嵩密度が大きくなり、ハンドリング性が良好なものとなる傾向にある。 When the friction material composition contains alumina, the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, and further preferably 0. It is 5 to 3% by mass. Within the above range, it tends to be easy to impart appropriate grindability without excessively wearing the friction object.
When the friction material composition contains zirconium silicate (zircon), the content thereof is preferably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, still more preferably 3 with respect to the friction material composition. ~ 8% by mass. Within the above range, it tends to be easy to impart appropriate grindability without excessively wearing the friction object.
When the friction material composition contains magnesium oxide, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 35% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and further preferably 10 to 30% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. Is. Within the above range, the friction coefficient during repeated normal braking and the stability of the friction coefficient tend to be excellent.
Barium sulphate serves as a mere filler for adjusting the volume of the friction material composition. That is, the content of barium sulfate depends on the content of other components, and the balance for adjusting the friction material composition to a predetermined amount can be replenished with barium sulfate. By containing barium sulfate, the bulk density of the friction material composition tends to increase, and the handleability tends to be good.
以上のように、摩擦材組成物が無機充填材を含有する場合、前記無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）と前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩との合計含有量が、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは４０～８５質量％、より好ましくは５０～８５質量％、さらに好ましくは６０～８５質量％となるように調整するのがよい。当該範囲とすることで、耐熱性の悪化を避け易い傾向にある。
As described above, when the friction material composition contains an inorganic filler, the total content of the inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), the metal sulfide and the titanate is contained. It is preferable to adjust the amount so as to be preferably 40 to 85% by mass, more preferably 50 to 85% by mass, and further preferably 60 to 85% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. Within this range, deterioration of heat resistance tends to be easily avoided.
（繊維基材；有機繊維及び無機繊維）
繊維基材は、摩擦材において補強作用を示すものである。摩擦材組成物は、繊維基材として、有機繊維を含有することが好ましく、無機繊維を含有することも好ましい。繊維基材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。ここで、有機繊維とは、有機物を主成分とする繊維状の材料である。また、無機繊維とは、金属及び金属合金以外の無機物を主成分とする繊維状の材料である。 (Fiber base material; organic fiber and inorganic fiber)
The fiber base material exhibits a reinforcing action in the friction material. The friction material composition preferably contains organic fibers as a fiber base material, and preferably contains inorganic fibers. As the fiber base material, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Here, the organic fiber is a fibrous material containing an organic substance as a main component. The inorganic fiber is a fibrous material containing an inorganic substance other than a metal or a metal alloy as a main component.
繊維基材は、摩擦材において補強作用を示すものである。摩擦材組成物は、繊維基材として、有機繊維を含有することが好ましく、無機繊維を含有することも好ましい。繊維基材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。ここで、有機繊維とは、有機物を主成分とする繊維状の材料である。また、無機繊維とは、金属及び金属合金以外の無機物を主成分とする繊維状の材料である。 (Fiber base material; organic fiber and inorganic fiber)
The fiber base material exhibits a reinforcing action in the friction material. The friction material composition preferably contains organic fibers as a fiber base material, and preferably contains inorganic fibers. As the fiber base material, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Here, the organic fiber is a fibrous material containing an organic substance as a main component. The inorganic fiber is a fibrous material containing an inorganic substance other than a metal or a metal alloy as a main component.
－有機繊維－
前記有機繊維としては、麻、木綿、アラミド繊維、セルロース繊維、アクリル繊維、フェノール樹脂繊維（架橋構造を有する）等が挙げられる。有機繊維は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。有機繊維としては、耐熱性の観点から、アラミド繊維が好ましい。また、摩擦材の強度向上の観点から、有機繊維として、フィブリル化有機繊維を含有することが好ましく、フィブリル化アラミド繊維を含有することがより好ましい。フィブリル化有機繊維とは、分繊化し、毛羽立ちをもった有機繊維であり、フィブリル化アラミド繊維、フィブリル化アクリル繊維、フィブリル化セルロース繊維等を商業的に入手できる。言うまでもなく、摩擦材組成物は、フィブリル化有機繊維と共にその他の有機繊維を含有していてもよい。
摩擦材組成物が有機繊維、特にフィブリル化有機繊維を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して１～８質量％であることが好ましく、２～７質量％であることがより好ましく、１～５質量％であることがさらに好ましい。１質量％以上であれば、良好なせん断強度、耐クラック性及び耐摩耗性が発現する傾向にあり、８質量％以下であれば、摩擦材組成物中の有機繊維（フィブリル化有機繊維）と他材料の偏在によるせん断強度及び耐クラック性の悪化を効果的に抑制することができる傾向にある。 -Organic fiber-
Examples of the organic fiber include hemp, cotton, aramid fiber, cellulose fiber, acrylic fiber, phenol resin fiber (having a crosslinked structure) and the like. One type of organic fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. As the organic fiber, an aramid fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the friction material, it is preferable to contain the fibrillated organic fiber as the organic fiber, and more preferably to contain the fibrillated aramid fiber. The fibrillated organic fiber is a fibrillated and fluffy organic fiber, and fibrillated aramid fiber, fibrillated acrylic fiber, fibrillated cellulose fiber and the like are commercially available. Needless to say, the friction material composition may contain other organic fibers together with the fibrillated organic fibers.
When the friction material composition contains organic fibers, particularly fibrillated organic fibers, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 8% by mass, preferably 2 to 7% by mass, based on the friction material composition. More preferably, it is 1 to 5% by mass. If it is 1% by mass or more, good shear strength, crack resistance and wear resistance tend to be exhibited, and if it is 8% by mass or less, it is different from the organic fiber (fibrillated organic fiber) in the friction material composition. There is a tendency that deterioration of shear strength and crack resistance due to uneven distribution of other materials can be effectively suppressed.
前記有機繊維としては、麻、木綿、アラミド繊維、セルロース繊維、アクリル繊維、フェノール樹脂繊維（架橋構造を有する）等が挙げられる。有機繊維は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。有機繊維としては、耐熱性の観点から、アラミド繊維が好ましい。また、摩擦材の強度向上の観点から、有機繊維として、フィブリル化有機繊維を含有することが好ましく、フィブリル化アラミド繊維を含有することがより好ましい。フィブリル化有機繊維とは、分繊化し、毛羽立ちをもった有機繊維であり、フィブリル化アラミド繊維、フィブリル化アクリル繊維、フィブリル化セルロース繊維等を商業的に入手できる。言うまでもなく、摩擦材組成物は、フィブリル化有機繊維と共にその他の有機繊維を含有していてもよい。
摩擦材組成物が有機繊維、特にフィブリル化有機繊維を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して１～８質量％であることが好ましく、２～７質量％であることがより好ましく、１～５質量％であることがさらに好ましい。１質量％以上であれば、良好なせん断強度、耐クラック性及び耐摩耗性が発現する傾向にあり、８質量％以下であれば、摩擦材組成物中の有機繊維（フィブリル化有機繊維）と他材料の偏在によるせん断強度及び耐クラック性の悪化を効果的に抑制することができる傾向にある。 -Organic fiber-
Examples of the organic fiber include hemp, cotton, aramid fiber, cellulose fiber, acrylic fiber, phenol resin fiber (having a crosslinked structure) and the like. One type of organic fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. As the organic fiber, an aramid fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the friction material, it is preferable to contain the fibrillated organic fiber as the organic fiber, and more preferably to contain the fibrillated aramid fiber. The fibrillated organic fiber is a fibrillated and fluffy organic fiber, and fibrillated aramid fiber, fibrillated acrylic fiber, fibrillated cellulose fiber and the like are commercially available. Needless to say, the friction material composition may contain other organic fibers together with the fibrillated organic fibers.
When the friction material composition contains organic fibers, particularly fibrillated organic fibers, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 8% by mass, preferably 2 to 7% by mass, based on the friction material composition. More preferably, it is 1 to 5% by mass. If it is 1% by mass or more, good shear strength, crack resistance and wear resistance tend to be exhibited, and if it is 8% by mass or less, it is different from the organic fiber (fibrillated organic fiber) in the friction material composition. There is a tendency that deterioration of shear strength and crack resistance due to uneven distribution of other materials can be effectively suppressed.
－無機繊維－
無機繊維は、摩擦材の機械的強度及び耐摩耗性を向上する効果を発現し得るものである。
無機繊維としては、例えば、ガラス繊維、金属繊維、鉱物繊維、炭素繊維、セラミック繊維、生分解性セラミック繊維、セピオライト（例えば、α型セピオライト、β型セピオライト）、アタパルジャイト、チタン酸カリウム繊維、シリカアルミナ繊維、耐炎化繊維等からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を用いることができる。 -Inorganic fiber-
Inorganic fibers can exhibit the effect of improving the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the friction material.
Examples of the inorganic fiber include glass fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, biodegradable ceramic fiber, sepiolite (for example, α-type sepiolite and β-type sepiolite), attapulsite, potassium titanate fiber, and silica alumina. At least one selected from the group consisting of fibers, flame-resistant fibers and the like can be used.
無機繊維は、摩擦材の機械的強度及び耐摩耗性を向上する効果を発現し得るものである。
無機繊維としては、例えば、ガラス繊維、金属繊維、鉱物繊維、炭素繊維、セラミック繊維、生分解性セラミック繊維、セピオライト（例えば、α型セピオライト、β型セピオライト）、アタパルジャイト、チタン酸カリウム繊維、シリカアルミナ繊維、耐炎化繊維等からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を用いることができる。 -Inorganic fiber-
Inorganic fibers can exhibit the effect of improving the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the friction material.
Examples of the inorganic fiber include glass fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, biodegradable ceramic fiber, sepiolite (for example, α-type sepiolite and β-type sepiolite), attapulsite, potassium titanate fiber, and silica alumina. At least one selected from the group consisting of fibers, flame-resistant fibers and the like can be used.
前記ガラス繊維とは、ガラスを溶融及び紡糸して製造した繊維のことを指す。ガラス繊維は、原料がＥガラス、Ｃガラス、Ｓガラス、Ｄガラス等であるものを使用することができ、これらの中でも、特に高強度であるという観点から、Ｅガラス又はＳガラスを含有するガラス繊維を使用することが好ましい。また、結合材との親和性の向上の観点から、ガラス繊維の表面をアミノシラン又はエポキシシラン等で処理したガラス繊維が好ましい。
The glass fiber refers to a fiber produced by melting and spinning glass. As the glass fiber, those whose raw materials are E glass, C glass, S glass, D glass and the like can be used, and among these, glass containing E glass or S glass from the viewpoint of particularly high strength. It is preferable to use fiber. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the affinity with the binder, the glass fiber whose surface is treated with aminosilane, epoxysilane or the like is preferable.
前記金属繊維としては、アルミニウム、鉄、亜鉛、スズ、チタン、ニッケル、マグネシウム等の金属単体又はこれらからなる金属のうちの少なくとも１種を含有する合金形態の繊維；鋳鉄等の金属を主成分とする繊維などが挙げられる。合金形態の繊維（合金繊維）としては、鉄合金繊維、アルミニウム合金繊維等が挙げられる。金属繊維は１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。本発明においては、金属繊維を含有しない摩擦材組成物であってもよい。
耐クラック性及び耐摩耗性の向上の観点からは、一般的には、金属繊維として銅繊維、銅合金繊維、鉄繊維及び鉄合金繊維が好まれる。しかし、銅又は銅合金の繊維を含有させる場合、前述の理由から、摩擦材組成物中における銅の含有量は、銅元素として０．５質量％未満が好ましく、より好ましくは０．３質量％以下、さらに好ましくは０．１質量％以下、特に好ましくは実質的に銅を含まない態様である。なお、銅合金繊維としては、銅繊維、黄銅繊維、青銅繊維等が挙げられる。
また、鉄繊維又は鉄合金繊維を含有させる場合、発錆による耐久性低下を抑制する観点から、摩擦材組成物中における鉄の含有量は、鉄元素として０．５質量％未満とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは０．３質量％以下、さらに好ましくは０．１質量％以下、特に好ましくは実質的に鉄を含まない態様である。 The metal fiber is a fiber in the form of an alloy containing a single metal such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, or at least one of the metals composed of these; a metal such as cast iron as a main component. Examples include fibers to be used. Examples of alloy fibers (alloy fibers) include iron alloy fibers and aluminum alloy fibers. One type of metal fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. In the present invention, the friction material composition may not contain metal fibers.
From the viewpoint of improving crack resistance and abrasion resistance, copper fibers, copper alloy fibers, iron fibers and iron alloy fibers are generally preferred as the metal fibers. However, when copper or a copper alloy fiber is contained, the content of copper in the friction material composition is preferably less than 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.3% by mass, as a copper element for the above-mentioned reasons. Hereinafter, the embodiment is more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially free of copper. Examples of the copper alloy fiber include copper fiber, brass fiber, bronze fiber and the like.
Further, when iron fiber or iron alloy fiber is contained, the content of iron in the friction material composition may be less than 0.5% by mass as an iron element from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of durability due to rust. It is preferably 0.3% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially iron-free.
耐クラック性及び耐摩耗性の向上の観点からは、一般的には、金属繊維として銅繊維、銅合金繊維、鉄繊維及び鉄合金繊維が好まれる。しかし、銅又は銅合金の繊維を含有させる場合、前述の理由から、摩擦材組成物中における銅の含有量は、銅元素として０．５質量％未満が好ましく、より好ましくは０．３質量％以下、さらに好ましくは０．１質量％以下、特に好ましくは実質的に銅を含まない態様である。なお、銅合金繊維としては、銅繊維、黄銅繊維、青銅繊維等が挙げられる。
また、鉄繊維又は鉄合金繊維を含有させる場合、発錆による耐久性低下を抑制する観点から、摩擦材組成物中における鉄の含有量は、鉄元素として０．５質量％未満とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは０．３質量％以下、さらに好ましくは０．１質量％以下、特に好ましくは実質的に鉄を含まない態様である。 The metal fiber is a fiber in the form of an alloy containing a single metal such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, or at least one of the metals composed of these; a metal such as cast iron as a main component. Examples include fibers to be used. Examples of alloy fibers (alloy fibers) include iron alloy fibers and aluminum alloy fibers. One type of metal fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. In the present invention, the friction material composition may not contain metal fibers.
From the viewpoint of improving crack resistance and abrasion resistance, copper fibers, copper alloy fibers, iron fibers and iron alloy fibers are generally preferred as the metal fibers. However, when copper or a copper alloy fiber is contained, the content of copper in the friction material composition is preferably less than 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.3% by mass, as a copper element for the above-mentioned reasons. Hereinafter, the embodiment is more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially free of copper. Examples of the copper alloy fiber include copper fiber, brass fiber, bronze fiber and the like.
Further, when iron fiber or iron alloy fiber is contained, the content of iron in the friction material composition may be less than 0.5% by mass as an iron element from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of durability due to rust. It is preferably 0.3% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially iron-free.
前記鉱物繊維としては、天然鉱物繊維；スラグウール等の高炉スラグ、バサルトファイバー等の玄武岩、その他の天然岩石等を主成分として溶融紡糸した人造鉱物繊維が挙げられる。人造鉱物繊維としては、例えば、ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ等を含有する人造鉱物繊維、又はこれら化合物を１種もしくは２種以上含有する人造鉱物繊維等が挙げられる。人造鉱物繊維としては、アルミニウム元素を含む人造鉱物繊維が好ましく、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を含有する人造鉱物繊維がより好ましく、Ａｌ２Ｏ３とＳｉＯ２とを含有する人造鉱物繊維がさらに好ましい。
Examples of the mineral fiber include natural mineral fiber; blast furnace slag such as slag wool, basalt such as basalt fiber, and artificial mineral fiber melt-spun with other natural rocks as main components. Examples of the artificial mineral fiber include artificial mineral fiber containing SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na 2 O and the like, or artificial mineral fiber containing one or more of these compounds. Can be mentioned. As the artificial mineral fiber, an artificial mineral fiber containing an aluminum element is preferable, an artificial mineral fiber containing Al 2 O 3 is more preferable, and an artificial mineral fiber containing Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 is further preferable.
鉱物繊維は、人体有害性の観点から、生体溶解性であることが好ましい。ここでいう生体溶解性の鉱物繊維とは、人体内に取り込まれた場合でも短時間で一部分解され体外に排出される特徴を有する鉱物繊維である。具体的には、化学組成が、アルカリ酸化物及びアルカリ土類酸化物の総量（ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム及びバリウムの酸化物の総量）が１８質量％以上で、且つ、（ａ）短期吸入暴露による生体内耐久試験で、長さが２０μｍ超の繊維の半減期が１０日未満であること、（ｂ）短期気管内注入による生体内耐久試験で、長さが２０μｍ超の繊維の半減期が４０日未満であること、（ｃ）腹腔内投与試験で有意な発ガン性が無いこと、又は、（ｄ）長期吸入暴露試験で発ガン性と結びつく病理所見又は腫瘍形成が無いこと、のいずれかを満たす繊維（ＥＵ指令９７／６９／ＥＣのＮｏｔａ Ｑ（発癌性適用除外）参照）を示す。このような生体分解性鉱物繊維としては、ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－ＭｇＯ－ＦｅＯ（－Ｋ２Ｏ－Ｎａ２Ｏ）系繊維等が挙げられ、ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ及びＮａ２Ｏ等から選択される少なくとも２種を任意の組み合わせで含有する鉱物繊維が挙げられる。市販品としては、LAPINUS FIBERS B.V製のＲｏｘｕｌシリーズ等が挙げられる。「Ｒｏｘｕｌ」は、ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯ等が含まれ、さらにＫ２Ｏ及びＮａ２Ｏからなる群から選択される少なくとも１つが含まれることもある。
The mineral fiber is preferably biosoluble from the viewpoint of harm to the human body. The biosoluble mineral fiber referred to here is a mineral fiber having a characteristic that it is partially decomposed in a short time and discharged to the outside of the body even when it is taken into the human body. Specifically, the chemical composition is such that the total amount of alkaline oxides and alkaline earth oxides (total amount of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and barium) is 18% by mass or more, and (a) short-term inhalation. In vivo endurance test by exposure, the half-life of fibers over 20 μm in length is less than 10 days, (b) In-vivo endurance test by short-term intratracheal injection, half-life of fibers over 20 μm in length Is less than 40 days, (c) no significant carcinogenicity in the intraperitoneal administration test, or (d) no pathological findings or tumorigenesis associated with carcinogenicity in the long-term inhalation exposure test. A fiber satisfying any of the above (see Nota Q (exclusion of carcinogenicity) of EU Directive 97/69 / EC) is shown. Examples of such biodegradable mineral fibers include SiO 2- Al 2 O 3 -CaO-MgO-FeO (-K 2 O-Na 2 O) -based fibers, and SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and CaO. , MgO, FeO, include mineral fibers containing at least two kinds in any combination is selected from K 2 O and Na 2 O or the like. Examples of commercially available products include the Rolex series manufactured by LAPINUS FIBERS BV. “Roxul” includes SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO and the like, and may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of K 2 O and Na 2 O.
前記炭素繊維としては、耐炎化繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維、ＰＡＮ系炭素繊維、活性炭繊維等が挙げられる。炭素繊維は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
Examples of the carbon fiber include flame-resistant fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, activated carbon fiber and the like. One type of carbon fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
摩擦材組成物が繊維基材を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは３～５０質量％、より好ましくは３～３０質量％、さらに好ましくは３～２０質量％、特に好ましくは５～１５質量％である。繊維基材の含有量を上記範囲とすることで、摩擦材としての最適な気孔率が得られ、鳴き防止ができ、適正な材料強度が得られ、耐摩耗性を向上し、さらに成形性を向上させることができる傾向にある。
When the friction material composition contains a fiber base material, the content thereof is preferably 3 to 50% by mass, more preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 20% by mass with respect to the friction material composition. %, Especially preferably 5 to 15% by mass. By setting the content of the fiber base material in the above range, the optimum porosity as a friction material can be obtained, squeal can be prevented, appropriate material strength can be obtained, wear resistance is improved, and moldability is further improved. It tends to be improved.
（結合材）
結合材は、有機充填材、無機充填材及び繊維基材等を結合して一体化し、所定の形状と強度を与える機能を有する。摩擦材組成物に含まれる結合材に特に制限はないが、摩擦材の結合材として一般的に用いられる熱硬化性樹脂を用いることができる。
該熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂、変性フェノール樹脂、エラストマー分散フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、メラミン樹脂等が挙げられる。ここで、前記変性フェノール樹脂としては、アクリル変性フェノール樹脂、シリコーン変性フェノール樹脂、カシュー変性フェノール樹脂、エポキシ変性フェノール樹脂及びアルキルベンゼン変性フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。前記エラストマー分散フェノール樹脂としては、アクリルエラストマー分散フェノール樹脂、シリコーンエラストマー分散フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。
前記熱硬化性樹脂としては、良好な耐熱性、成形性及び摩擦係数を与えるという観点から、フェノール樹脂、アクリル変性フェノール樹脂、シリコーン変性フェノール樹脂、アルキルベンゼン変性フェノール樹脂が好ましく、フェノール樹脂がより好ましい。
結合材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 (Binder)
The binder has a function of binding and integrating an organic filler, an inorganic filler, a fiber base material, and the like to give a predetermined shape and strength. The binder contained in the friction material composition is not particularly limited, but a thermosetting resin generally used as a binder for the friction material can be used.
Examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, modified phenol resin, elastomer-dispersed phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, melamine resin and the like. Here, examples of the modified phenolic resin include acrylic-modified phenolic resin, silicone-modified phenolic resin, cashew-modified phenolic resin, epoxy-modified phenolic resin, and alkylbenzene-modified phenolic resin. Examples of the elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin include acrylic elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin and silicone elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin.
As the thermosetting resin, a phenol resin, an acrylic-modified phenol resin, a silicone-modified phenol resin, and an alkylbenzene-modified phenol resin are preferable, and a phenol resin is more preferable, from the viewpoint of providing good heat resistance, moldability, and friction coefficient.
As the binder, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
結合材は、有機充填材、無機充填材及び繊維基材等を結合して一体化し、所定の形状と強度を与える機能を有する。摩擦材組成物に含まれる結合材に特に制限はないが、摩擦材の結合材として一般的に用いられる熱硬化性樹脂を用いることができる。
該熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂、変性フェノール樹脂、エラストマー分散フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、メラミン樹脂等が挙げられる。ここで、前記変性フェノール樹脂としては、アクリル変性フェノール樹脂、シリコーン変性フェノール樹脂、カシュー変性フェノール樹脂、エポキシ変性フェノール樹脂及びアルキルベンゼン変性フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。前記エラストマー分散フェノール樹脂としては、アクリルエラストマー分散フェノール樹脂、シリコーンエラストマー分散フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。
前記熱硬化性樹脂としては、良好な耐熱性、成形性及び摩擦係数を与えるという観点から、フェノール樹脂、アクリル変性フェノール樹脂、シリコーン変性フェノール樹脂、アルキルベンゼン変性フェノール樹脂が好ましく、フェノール樹脂がより好ましい。
結合材は、１種を単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 (Binder)
The binder has a function of binding and integrating an organic filler, an inorganic filler, a fiber base material, and the like to give a predetermined shape and strength. The binder contained in the friction material composition is not particularly limited, but a thermosetting resin generally used as a binder for the friction material can be used.
Examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, modified phenol resin, elastomer-dispersed phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, melamine resin and the like. Here, examples of the modified phenolic resin include acrylic-modified phenolic resin, silicone-modified phenolic resin, cashew-modified phenolic resin, epoxy-modified phenolic resin, and alkylbenzene-modified phenolic resin. Examples of the elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin include acrylic elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin and silicone elastomer-dispersed phenolic resin.
As the thermosetting resin, a phenol resin, an acrylic-modified phenol resin, a silicone-modified phenol resin, and an alkylbenzene-modified phenol resin are preferable, and a phenol resin is more preferable, from the viewpoint of providing good heat resistance, moldability, and friction coefficient.
As the binder, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
摩擦材組成物が結合材を含有する場合、その含有量は、摩擦材組成物に対して、好ましくは５～２５質量％、より好ましくは５～２０質量％、さらに好ましくは６～１８質量％、特に好ましくは６～１３質量％である。結合材の含有量を上記範囲とすることで、摩擦材の強度を保ち、弾性率が高くなることによる鳴き等の制振性悪化をより抑制し易い傾向にある。
When the friction material composition contains a binder, the content thereof is preferably 5 to 25% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 6 to 18% by mass, based on the friction material composition. , Particularly preferably 6 to 13% by mass. By setting the content of the binder in the above range, the strength of the friction material is maintained, and the deterioration of vibration damping property such as squeal due to the high elastic modulus tends to be more easily suppressed.
（その他の材料）
摩擦材組成物には、前記材料以外に、必要に応じてその他の材料を配合することができる。
その他の材料としては、例えば、耐摩耗性及び熱フェード特性向上の観点から、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）等のフッ素系ポリマーなどの有機添加剤が挙げられる。
摩擦材組成物が上記その他の材料を含有する場合、その含有量としては、有機充填材、無機充填材（ここでは、前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を含む。）、繊維基材及び結合材の総量１００質量部に対して、好ましくは２０質量部以下、より好ましくは１０質量部以下、さらに好ましくは５質量部以下、特に好ましくは３質量部以下であり、その他の材料を含有していなくてもよい。 (Other materials)
In addition to the above-mentioned materials, other materials may be added to the friction material composition, if necessary.
Examples of other materials include organic additives such as fluorine-based polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) from the viewpoint of improving wear resistance and heat fade characteristics.
When the friction material composition contains the above-mentioned other materials, the contents include an organic filler, an inorganic filler (here, the metal sulfide and the titanate are included), a fiber base material and a bond. It is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, further preferably 5 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 3 parts by mass or less, and contains other materials with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the material. It does not have to be.
摩擦材組成物には、前記材料以外に、必要に応じてその他の材料を配合することができる。
その他の材料としては、例えば、耐摩耗性及び熱フェード特性向上の観点から、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）等のフッ素系ポリマーなどの有機添加剤が挙げられる。
摩擦材組成物が上記その他の材料を含有する場合、その含有量としては、有機充填材、無機充填材（ここでは、前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を含む。）、繊維基材及び結合材の総量１００質量部に対して、好ましくは２０質量部以下、より好ましくは１０質量部以下、さらに好ましくは５質量部以下、特に好ましくは３質量部以下であり、その他の材料を含有していなくてもよい。 (Other materials)
In addition to the above-mentioned materials, other materials may be added to the friction material composition, if necessary.
Examples of other materials include organic additives such as fluorine-based polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) from the viewpoint of improving wear resistance and heat fade characteristics.
When the friction material composition contains the above-mentioned other materials, the contents include an organic filler, an inorganic filler (here, the metal sulfide and the titanate are included), a fiber base material and a bond. It is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, further preferably 5 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 3 parts by mass or less, and contains other materials with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the material. It does not have to be.
［摩擦材］
本発明は、前記摩擦材組成物を含有してなる摩擦材も提供する。該摩擦材は、前記本発明の摩擦材組成物のみから形成されていてもよいし、上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材であって、上張り材と下張り材の少なくとも一方が前記摩擦材組成物から形成されている摩擦材であってもよい。摩擦材が、上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材である場合、本発明の摩擦材組成物は、上張り材として用いられることが好ましい。また、図１を参照しながら、上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材について説明すると、本発明の摩擦材組成物は、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものとするため、摩擦部材の上張り材１として用いることが好ましい。上張り材１は、摩擦部材の摩擦面となる摩擦材であり、下張り材２は、上張り材１と裏金３との間に介在する、摩擦材と裏金との接着部付近の剪断強度及び耐クラック性向上を目的とした層のことである。 [Friction material]
The present invention also provides a friction material containing the friction material composition. The friction material may be formed only from the friction material composition of the present invention, or is a friction material having an upholstery material and an underlay material, and at least one of the upholstery material and the underlay material has the friction. It may be a friction material formed from a material composition. When the friction material is a friction material having an upholstery material and an underlaying material, the friction material composition of the present invention is preferably used as the upholstery material. Further, the friction material having the upholstery material and the underlaying material will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The friction material composition of the present invention can obtain an excellent friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated, and the friction coefficient It is preferable to use it as the overlay material 1 of the friction member in order to improve the stability of the friction member. The upholstery material 1 is a friction material that serves as a friction surface of the friction member, and the underlay material 2 is a shear strength in the vicinity of the adhesive portion between the friction material and the back metal, which is interposed between the upholstery material 1 and theback metal 3. It is a layer for the purpose of improving crack resistance.
本発明は、前記摩擦材組成物を含有してなる摩擦材も提供する。該摩擦材は、前記本発明の摩擦材組成物のみから形成されていてもよいし、上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材であって、上張り材と下張り材の少なくとも一方が前記摩擦材組成物から形成されている摩擦材であってもよい。摩擦材が、上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材である場合、本発明の摩擦材組成物は、上張り材として用いられることが好ましい。また、図１を参照しながら、上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材について説明すると、本発明の摩擦材組成物は、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものとするため、摩擦部材の上張り材１として用いることが好ましい。上張り材１は、摩擦部材の摩擦面となる摩擦材であり、下張り材２は、上張り材１と裏金３との間に介在する、摩擦材と裏金との接着部付近の剪断強度及び耐クラック性向上を目的とした層のことである。 [Friction material]
The present invention also provides a friction material containing the friction material composition. The friction material may be formed only from the friction material composition of the present invention, or is a friction material having an upholstery material and an underlay material, and at least one of the upholstery material and the underlay material has the friction. It may be a friction material formed from a material composition. When the friction material is a friction material having an upholstery material and an underlaying material, the friction material composition of the present invention is preferably used as the upholstery material. Further, the friction material having the upholstery material and the underlaying material will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The friction material composition of the present invention can obtain an excellent friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated, and the friction coefficient It is preferable to use it as the overlay material 1 of the friction member in order to improve the stability of the friction member. The upholstery material 1 is a friction material that serves as a friction surface of the friction member, and the underlay material 2 is a shear strength in the vicinity of the adhesive portion between the friction material and the back metal, which is interposed between the upholstery material 1 and the
摩擦材は、好ましくは加熱加圧成形によって摩擦材組成物を成形することによって製造できる。
上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材は、上張り材用の摩擦材組成物と前記下張り材用の摩擦材組成物をそれぞれ別々に、レーディゲミキサー（「レーディゲ」は登録商標）、加圧ニーダー、アイリッヒミキサー（「アイリッヒ」は登録商標）等の混合機を用いて混合し、上張り材用混合物と下張り材用混合物とを成形金型にて一体で予備成形し、次いで、得られた予備成形物を例えば成形温度１３０～１６０℃、成形圧力２０～５０ＭＰａの条件で２～１０分間で成形し、得られた成形物を例えば１５０～２５０℃で２～１０時間熱処理することで製造される。また、必要に応じて、塗装、スコーチ処理、研磨処理を行ってもよい。上記工程の中で、予備成形工程を省略して混合物を直接熱成形してもよい。 The friction material can be produced, preferably by molding the friction material composition by heat and pressure molding.
As for the friction material having the upholstery material and the underlaying material, the friction material composition for the upholstery material and the friction material composition for the underlaying material are separately separated from each other, and the Radige mixer (“Radige” is a registered trademark) Mix using a mixer such as a pressurized kneader and an Erich mixer (“Erich” is a registered trademark), and premold the mixture for the upholstery material and the mixture for the underlaying material integrally with a molding die, and then premold. The obtained premolded product is molded in 2 to 10 minutes under the conditions of, for example, a molding temperature of 130 to 160 ° C. and a molding pressure of 20 to 50 MPa, and the obtained molded product is heat-treated at, for example, 150 to 250 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours. Manufactured in. Further, if necessary, painting, scorch treatment, and polishing treatment may be performed. In the above steps, the preforming step may be omitted and the mixture may be directly thermoformed.
上張り材と下張り材とを有する摩擦材は、上張り材用の摩擦材組成物と前記下張り材用の摩擦材組成物をそれぞれ別々に、レーディゲミキサー（「レーディゲ」は登録商標）、加圧ニーダー、アイリッヒミキサー（「アイリッヒ」は登録商標）等の混合機を用いて混合し、上張り材用混合物と下張り材用混合物とを成形金型にて一体で予備成形し、次いで、得られた予備成形物を例えば成形温度１３０～１６０℃、成形圧力２０～５０ＭＰａの条件で２～１０分間で成形し、得られた成形物を例えば１５０～２５０℃で２～１０時間熱処理することで製造される。また、必要に応じて、塗装、スコーチ処理、研磨処理を行ってもよい。上記工程の中で、予備成形工程を省略して混合物を直接熱成形してもよい。 The friction material can be produced, preferably by molding the friction material composition by heat and pressure molding.
As for the friction material having the upholstery material and the underlaying material, the friction material composition for the upholstery material and the friction material composition for the underlaying material are separately separated from each other, and the Radige mixer (“Radige” is a registered trademark) Mix using a mixer such as a pressurized kneader and an Erich mixer (“Erich” is a registered trademark), and premold the mixture for the upholstery material and the mixture for the underlaying material integrally with a molding die, and then premold. The obtained premolded product is molded in 2 to 10 minutes under the conditions of, for example, a molding temperature of 130 to 160 ° C. and a molding pressure of 20 to 50 MPa, and the obtained molded product is heat-treated at, for example, 150 to 250 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours. Manufactured in. Further, if necessary, painting, scorch treatment, and polishing treatment may be performed. In the above steps, the preforming step may be omitted and the mixture may be directly thermoformed.
摩擦材は、自動車等のディスクブレーキパッド用の摩擦材、自動車等のドラムブレーキライニング用の摩擦材として有用である。また、摩擦材組成物を目的形状に成形、加工、貼り付け等の工程を施すことにより、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用、保持ブレーキ用等の摩擦材としても有用である。
本発明の摩擦材は、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものであるため、車両用の摩擦材、特に自動車用の摩擦材として好適である。 The friction material is useful as a friction material for disc brake pads of automobiles and the like, and as a friction material for drum brake linings of automobiles and the like. Further, it is also useful as a friction material for clutch facing, electromagnetic brake, holding brake, etc. by performing steps such as molding, processing, and pasting the friction material composition into a target shape.
The friction material of the present invention is suitable as a friction material for vehicles, especially for automobiles, because an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when braking is repeated and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent. Is.
本発明の摩擦材は、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものであるため、車両用の摩擦材、特に自動車用の摩擦材として好適である。 The friction material is useful as a friction material for disc brake pads of automobiles and the like, and as a friction material for drum brake linings of automobiles and the like. Further, it is also useful as a friction material for clutch facing, electromagnetic brake, holding brake, etc. by performing steps such as molding, processing, and pasting the friction material composition into a target shape.
The friction material of the present invention is suitable as a friction material for vehicles, especially for automobiles, because an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when braking is repeated and the stability of the friction coefficient is also excellent. Is.
前記裏金は、摩擦部材の機械的強度の向上のために、通常、摩擦部材として用いるものであり、材質としては、金属又は繊維強化プラスチック等を用いることができる。裏金としては、例えば、鉄、ステンレス、無機繊維強化プラスチック、炭素繊維強化プラスチック等が挙げられる。プライマー層及び接着層としては、通常、ブレーキパッド及びブレーキライニング等の摩擦部材に用いられるものであればよい。
The back metal is usually used as a friction member in order to improve the mechanical strength of the friction member, and a metal, fiber reinforced plastic, or the like can be used as the material. Examples of the back metal include iron, stainless steel, inorganic fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic and the like. The primer layer and the adhesive layer may be those usually used for friction members such as brake pads and brake linings.
本発明では、図１中の摩擦部材６について、前記裏金３において、前記下張り材２を有する側とは反対側にシム４を有する摩擦部材も提供することができる。該シム４は、一般的に摩擦部材の制振性向上のために用いられるスペーサーである。
In the present invention, with respect to the friction member 6 in FIG. 1, it is also possible to provide a friction member having a shim 4 on the side of the back metal 3 opposite to the side having the underlaying material 2. The shim 4 is a spacer generally used for improving the vibration damping property of the friction member.
［車両］
本発明は、本実施形態の摩擦部材を搭載した車両も提供する。例えば、本発明の摩擦部材を、ディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング、電磁ブレーキ、保持ブレーキ等に用いた車両等が挙げられる。車両としては、大型自動車、中型自動車、普通自動車、大型特殊自動車、小型特殊自動車、大型自動二輪車及び普通自動二輪車等の、自動四輪車及び自動二輪車を含む各種自動車が挙げられる。 [vehicle]
The present invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the friction member of the present embodiment. For example, a vehicle or the like in which the friction member of the present invention is used for a disc brake pad, a brake lining, a clutch facing, an electromagnetic brake, a holding brake, or the like can be mentioned. Examples of the vehicle include various automobiles including motorcycles and motorcycles, such as large automobiles, medium-sized automobiles, ordinary automobiles, large special automobiles, small special automobiles, large motorcycles and ordinary motorcycles.
本発明は、本実施形態の摩擦部材を搭載した車両も提供する。例えば、本発明の摩擦部材を、ディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング、電磁ブレーキ、保持ブレーキ等に用いた車両等が挙げられる。車両としては、大型自動車、中型自動車、普通自動車、大型特殊自動車、小型特殊自動車、大型自動二輪車及び普通自動二輪車等の、自動四輪車及び自動二輪車を含む各種自動車が挙げられる。 [vehicle]
The present invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the friction member of the present embodiment. For example, a vehicle or the like in which the friction member of the present invention is used for a disc brake pad, a brake lining, a clutch facing, an electromagnetic brake, a holding brake, or the like can be mentioned. Examples of the vehicle include various automobiles including motorcycles and motorcycles, such as large automobiles, medium-sized automobiles, ordinary automobiles, large special automobiles, small special automobiles, large motorcycles and ordinary motorcycles.
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によって何ら制限を受けるものではない。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples.
実施例及び比較例の各摩擦材試料について、以下の方法に従って測定及び評価した。
［測定及び評価方法］
（１－１）通常制動時の摩擦係数の測定及びその安定性の評価
まず、ブレーキ開始時のディスクロータ温度１２０℃で、時速６５ｋｍから時速０ｋｍまで３．５ｍ／ｓ２で減速する制動（通常制動）を２００回繰り返し、ブレーキ１回目から２００回目における各制動時の平均摩擦係数を求め、これを摩擦係数とした。
＜摩擦係数の平均値＞
上記のブレーキ５０回目から２００回目における各制動時の摩擦係数の平均値を算出し、下記評価基準に従って評価した。なお、ブレーキ４９回目までの摩擦係数を考慮しない理由は、新品又は新品に近い摩擦材では表面が馴らされておらず、接触面積が小さいために摩擦係数が低くなっており、摩擦係数の評価に含めるには相応しくないためである。摩擦係数に優れているのは、Ａ＞Ｂ＞Ｃの順となる。
（各制動時の摩擦係数の平均値の評価基準）
Ａ：平均値が０．３７以上０．４６未満である。
Ｂ：平均値が０．３４以上０．３７未満、又は０．４６以上０．４８未満である。
Ｃ：平均値が０．３４未満、又は０．４８以上である。
＜各制動時の摩擦係数の安定性＞
また、上記のブレーキ１回目から２００回目までの各制動時の摩擦係数の最大値と最小値の差を算出し、下記評価基準に従って評価した。摩擦係数の安定性に優れているのは、Ａ＞Ｂ＞Ｃ＞Ｄの順となる。
（摩擦係数の安定性の評価基準）
Ａ：差が０．０５０未満である。
Ｂ：差が０．０５０以上０．１３５未満である。
Ｃ：差が０．１３５以上０．２０未満である。
Ｄ：差が０．２０以上である。 Each friction material sample of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured and evaluated according to the following method.
[Measurement and evaluation method]
(1-1) Measurement of friction coefficient during normal braking and evaluation of its stability First, braking that decelerates from 65 km / h to 0 km / h at 3.5 m / s 2 at a disc rotor temperature of 120 ° C. at the start of braking (normally). Braking) was repeated 200 times, and the average friction coefficient at each braking from the first to 200th braking was obtained, and this was used as the friction coefficient.
<Average value of friction coefficient>
The average value of the friction coefficient at each braking from the 50th to the 200th braking was calculated and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The reason why the friction coefficient up to the 49th brake is not considered is that the surface of a new or near-new friction material is not acclimated and the contact area is small, so the friction coefficient is low, which is used for evaluation of the friction coefficient. This is because it is not suitable for inclusion. The order of excellent friction coefficient is A>B> C.
(Evaluation criteria for the average value of the coefficient of friction during each braking)
A: The average value is 0.37 or more and less than 0.46.
B: The average value is 0.34 or more and less than 0.37, or 0.46 or more and less than 0.48.
C: The average value is less than 0.34 or 0.48 or more.
<Stability of friction coefficient during each braking>
In addition, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the friction coefficient during each braking from the first brake to the 200th brake was calculated and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The order of excellent friction coefficient stability is A>B>C> D.
(Evaluation criteria for stability of friction coefficient)
A: The difference is less than 0.050.
B: The difference is 0.050 or more and less than 0.135.
C: The difference is 0.135 or more and less than 0.20.
D: The difference is 0.20 or more.
［測定及び評価方法］
（１－１）通常制動時の摩擦係数の測定及びその安定性の評価
まず、ブレーキ開始時のディスクロータ温度１２０℃で、時速６５ｋｍから時速０ｋｍまで３．５ｍ／ｓ２で減速する制動（通常制動）を２００回繰り返し、ブレーキ１回目から２００回目における各制動時の平均摩擦係数を求め、これを摩擦係数とした。
＜摩擦係数の平均値＞
上記のブレーキ５０回目から２００回目における各制動時の摩擦係数の平均値を算出し、下記評価基準に従って評価した。なお、ブレーキ４９回目までの摩擦係数を考慮しない理由は、新品又は新品に近い摩擦材では表面が馴らされておらず、接触面積が小さいために摩擦係数が低くなっており、摩擦係数の評価に含めるには相応しくないためである。摩擦係数に優れているのは、Ａ＞Ｂ＞Ｃの順となる。
（各制動時の摩擦係数の平均値の評価基準）
Ａ：平均値が０．３７以上０．４６未満である。
Ｂ：平均値が０．３４以上０．３７未満、又は０．４６以上０．４８未満である。
Ｃ：平均値が０．３４未満、又は０．４８以上である。
＜各制動時の摩擦係数の安定性＞
また、上記のブレーキ１回目から２００回目までの各制動時の摩擦係数の最大値と最小値の差を算出し、下記評価基準に従って評価した。摩擦係数の安定性に優れているのは、Ａ＞Ｂ＞Ｃ＞Ｄの順となる。
（摩擦係数の安定性の評価基準）
Ａ：差が０．０５０未満である。
Ｂ：差が０．０５０以上０．１３５未満である。
Ｃ：差が０．１３５以上０．２０未満である。
Ｄ：差が０．２０以上である。 Each friction material sample of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured and evaluated according to the following method.
[Measurement and evaluation method]
(1-1) Measurement of friction coefficient during normal braking and evaluation of its stability First, braking that decelerates from 65 km / h to 0 km / h at 3.5 m / s 2 at a disc rotor temperature of 120 ° C. at the start of braking (normally). Braking) was repeated 200 times, and the average friction coefficient at each braking from the first to 200th braking was obtained, and this was used as the friction coefficient.
<Average value of friction coefficient>
The average value of the friction coefficient at each braking from the 50th to the 200th braking was calculated and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The reason why the friction coefficient up to the 49th brake is not considered is that the surface of a new or near-new friction material is not acclimated and the contact area is small, so the friction coefficient is low, which is used for evaluation of the friction coefficient. This is because it is not suitable for inclusion. The order of excellent friction coefficient is A>B> C.
(Evaluation criteria for the average value of the coefficient of friction during each braking)
A: The average value is 0.37 or more and less than 0.46.
B: The average value is 0.34 or more and less than 0.37, or 0.46 or more and less than 0.48.
C: The average value is less than 0.34 or 0.48 or more.
<Stability of friction coefficient during each braking>
In addition, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the friction coefficient during each braking from the first brake to the 200th brake was calculated and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The order of excellent friction coefficient stability is A>B>C> D.
(Evaluation criteria for stability of friction coefficient)
A: The difference is less than 0.050.
B: The difference is 0.050 or more and less than 0.135.
C: The difference is 0.135 or more and less than 0.20.
D: The difference is 0.20 or more.
［ディスクブレーキパッドの作製］
ディスクブレーキパッドの作製にあたり、下記の摩擦材組成物の成分を用意した。表１中に記載の各成分は、以下の通りである。
（結合材）
・フェノール樹脂
（有機充填材）
・ＮＢＲ：アクリロニトリル－ブタジエンゴム
・タイヤトレッドゴムの粉砕粉
・カシューパーティクル
（無機充填材）
・亜鉛
・黒鉛
・アルミナ
・ジルコン
・硫化ビスマス
・硫化スズ
・チタン酸カリウム
・水酸化カルシウム
・酸化マグネシウム
・硫酸バリウム
（繊維基材）
・アラミド繊維：フィブリル化アラミド繊維
・鉱物繊維 [Making disc brake pads]
In producing the disc brake pad, the following components of the friction material composition were prepared. Each component described in Table 1 is as follows.
(Binder)
・ Phenolic resin (organic filler)
・ NBR: Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ・ Crushed powder of tire tread rubber ・ Cashew particles (inorganic filler)
・ Zinc, graphite, alumina, zircon, bismuth sulfide, tin sulfide, potassium titanate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate (fiber base material)
・ Aramid fiber: Fibrilized aramid fiber ・ Mineral fiber
ディスクブレーキパッドの作製にあたり、下記の摩擦材組成物の成分を用意した。表１中に記載の各成分は、以下の通りである。
（結合材）
・フェノール樹脂
（有機充填材）
・ＮＢＲ：アクリロニトリル－ブタジエンゴム
・タイヤトレッドゴムの粉砕粉
・カシューパーティクル
（無機充填材）
・亜鉛
・黒鉛
・アルミナ
・ジルコン
・硫化ビスマス
・硫化スズ
・チタン酸カリウム
・水酸化カルシウム
・酸化マグネシウム
・硫酸バリウム
（繊維基材）
・アラミド繊維：フィブリル化アラミド繊維
・鉱物繊維 [Making disc brake pads]
In producing the disc brake pad, the following components of the friction material composition were prepared. Each component described in Table 1 is as follows.
(Binder)
・ Phenolic resin (organic filler)
・ NBR: Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ・ Crushed powder of tire tread rubber ・ Cashew particles (inorganic filler)
・ Zinc, graphite, alumina, zircon, bismuth sulfide, tin sulfide, potassium titanate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate (fiber base material)
・ Aramid fiber: Fibrilized aramid fiber ・ Mineral fiber
［実施例１～３及び比較例１～５］（ディスクブレーキパッドの作製）
表１に示す配合量（質量部）に従って各成分を配合し、各摩擦材組成物を得た。
この摩擦材組成物をレーディゲミキサー（株式会社マツボー製、商品名：レーディゲミキサーＭ２０）で混合し、混合物を得た。得られた混合物を一体で成形プレス（王子機械工業株式会社製）にて予備成形した。得られた予備成形物を成形温度１４５℃、成形圧力３５ＭＰａ、成形時間５分間の条件で、成形プレス（三起精工株式会社製）を用いて鉄製の裏金（日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社製）と共に加熱加圧成形した。得られた成形品を２００℃で４．５時間熱処理し、ロータリー研磨機を用いて研磨し、５００℃のスコーチ処理を行ってディスクブレーキパッドを得た。なお、各実施例及び各比較例で得たディスクブレーキパッドは、摩擦材の厚さが９ｍｍである。
得られたディスクブレーキパッドから、切断機によってサイズ２０ｍｍ×４５ｍｍ角のテストピースを作製し、前記方法に従って各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。 [Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5] (Production of disc brake pads)
Each component was blended according to the blending amount (part by mass) shown in Table 1 to obtain each friction material composition.
This friction material composition was mixed with a Ladyge mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., trade name: Ladyge mixer M20) to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was integrally premolded with a molding press (manufactured by Oji Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The obtained premolded product is heated with an iron backing metal (manufactured by Hitachi Automotive Systems Co., Ltd.) using a molding press (manufactured by Sanki Seiko Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a molding temperature of 145 ° C., a molding pressure of 35 MPa, and a molding time of 5 minutes. It was pressure molded. The obtained molded product was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 4.5 hours, polished using a rotary polishing machine, and scorch-treated at 500 ° C. to obtain a disc brake pad. The disc brake pads obtained in each of the examples and the comparative examples have a friction material thickness of 9 mm.
From the obtained disc brake pads, test pieces having a size of 20 mm × 45 mm square were produced by a cutting machine, and each measurement and evaluation was performed according to the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.
表１に示す配合量（質量部）に従って各成分を配合し、各摩擦材組成物を得た。
この摩擦材組成物をレーディゲミキサー（株式会社マツボー製、商品名：レーディゲミキサーＭ２０）で混合し、混合物を得た。得られた混合物を一体で成形プレス（王子機械工業株式会社製）にて予備成形した。得られた予備成形物を成形温度１４５℃、成形圧力３５ＭＰａ、成形時間５分間の条件で、成形プレス（三起精工株式会社製）を用いて鉄製の裏金（日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社製）と共に加熱加圧成形した。得られた成形品を２００℃で４．５時間熱処理し、ロータリー研磨機を用いて研磨し、５００℃のスコーチ処理を行ってディスクブレーキパッドを得た。なお、各実施例及び各比較例で得たディスクブレーキパッドは、摩擦材の厚さが９ｍｍである。
得られたディスクブレーキパッドから、切断機によってサイズ２０ｍｍ×４５ｍｍ角のテストピースを作製し、前記方法に従って各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。 [Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5] (Production of disc brake pads)
Each component was blended according to the blending amount (part by mass) shown in Table 1 to obtain each friction material composition.
This friction material composition was mixed with a Ladyge mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., trade name: Ladyge mixer M20) to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was integrally premolded with a molding press (manufactured by Oji Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The obtained premolded product is heated with an iron backing metal (manufactured by Hitachi Automotive Systems Co., Ltd.) using a molding press (manufactured by Sanki Seiko Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a molding temperature of 145 ° C., a molding pressure of 35 MPa, and a molding time of 5 minutes. It was pressure molded. The obtained molded product was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 4.5 hours, polished using a rotary polishing machine, and scorch-treated at 500 ° C. to obtain a disc brake pad. The disc brake pads obtained in each of the examples and the comparative examples have a friction material thickness of 9 mm.
From the obtained disc brake pads, test pieces having a size of 20 mm × 45 mm square were produced by a cutting machine, and each measurement and evaluation was performed according to the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.
実施例の摩擦材は環境負荷及び人体への有害性の少ない摩擦材であり、且つ、比較例の摩擦材に比べて、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れていることがわかる。
The friction material of the example is a friction material having less harmfulness to the human body and environmental load, and as compared with the friction material of the comparative example, an excellent friction coefficient can be obtained when normal braking is repeated, and the friction coefficient of the friction material can be obtained. It can be seen that it is also excellent in stability.
本発明の摩擦部材及び摩擦材は、環境負荷及び人体への有害性が低いうえに、通常制動の繰り返し時に優れた摩擦係数が得られ、且つ該摩擦係数の安定性にも優れたものであるため、特に、車両用等の摩擦部材及び摩擦材として好適である。
The friction member and the friction material of the present invention have low environmental load and harmfulness to the human body, and can obtain an excellent friction coefficient when normal braking is repeated, and are also excellent in stability of the friction coefficient. Therefore, it is particularly suitable as a friction member and a friction material for vehicles and the like.
１ 上張り材
２ 下張り材
３ 裏金
４ シム
５ 摩擦材
６ 摩擦部材 1 Upholstery 2Underlayment 3 Slush fund 4 Shim 5 Friction material 6 Friction member
２ 下張り材
３ 裏金
４ シム
５ 摩擦材
６ 摩擦部材 1 Upholstery 2
Claims (17)
- 摩擦材及び裏金を有する摩擦部材であって、
前記摩擦材が、銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満であり、硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦部材。 A friction member having a friction material and a back metal,
The friction material does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide are totaled at 0.1. A friction member containing by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass. - 前記金属硫化物が、前記硫化ビスマス以外に、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、請求項１に記載の摩擦部材。 The first aspect of claim 1, wherein the metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide. Friction member.
- 前記摩擦材が、さらにチタン酸塩を含有する、請求項１又は２に記載の摩擦部材。 The friction member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the friction material further contains titanium salt.
- 前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム及びチタン酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である、請求項３に記載の摩擦部材。 The friction member according to claim 3, wherein the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate, and sodium titanate.
- 前記摩擦材が、さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の摩擦部材。 Claimed that the friction material further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic filler, an inorganic filler (excluding the metal sulfide and the titanate), a fiber substrate and a binder. The friction member according to any one of 1 to 4.
- 前記有機充填材が、カシューパーティクル、ゴム及びメラミンパーティクルからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、請求項５に記載の摩擦部材。 The friction member according to claim 5, wherein the organic filler contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles, rubber and melamine particles.
- ディスクブレーキパッド用、ドラムブレーキライニング用、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用又は保持ブレーキ用である、請求項１～６のいずれか１項に記載の摩擦部材。 The friction member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is for a disc brake pad, a drum brake lining, a clutch facing, an electromagnetic brake, or a holding brake.
- 請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載の摩擦部材を搭載した車両。 A vehicle equipped with the friction member according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
- 銅を含有しないか、又は含有していても銅の含有量は銅元素として０．５質量％未満の摩擦材組成物であって、
硫化ビスマスを含む２種以上の金属硫化物を合計０．１質量％以上８．０質量％未満含有する、摩擦材組成物。 A friction material composition that does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, has a copper content of less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
A friction material composition containing a total of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 8.0% by mass of two or more kinds of metal sulfides containing bismuth sulfide. - 前記金属硫化物が、前記硫化ビスマス以外に、硫化スズ、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化タングステン及び硫化マンガンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、請求項９に記載の摩擦材組成物。 The ninth aspect of claim 9, wherein the metal sulfide contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide in addition to the bismuth sulfide. Sulfide composition.
- さらにチタン酸塩を含有する、請求項９又は１０に記載の摩擦材組成物。 The friction material composition according to claim 9 or 10, further containing a titanate.
- 前記チタン酸塩が、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウム及びチタン酸ナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である、請求項１１に記載の摩擦材組成物。 The friction material composition according to claim 11, wherein the titanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, lithium titanate, magnesium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate.
- さらに有機充填材、無機充填材（前記金属硫化物及び前記チタン酸塩を除く。）、繊維基材及び結合材からなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、請求項９～１２のいずれか１項に記載の摩擦材組成物。 Any of claims 9 to 12, further containing at least one selected from the group consisting of organic fillers, inorganic fillers (excluding the metal sulfides and the titanates), fiber substrates and binders. The friction material composition according to item 1.
- 前記有機充填材が、カシューパーティクル、ゴム及びメラミンパーティクルからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種を含有する、請求項１３に記載の摩擦材組成物。 The friction material composition according to claim 13, wherein the organic filler contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles, rubber and melamine particles.
- ディスクブレーキパッド用、ドラムブレーキライニング用、クラッチフェーシング用、電磁ブレーキ用又は保持ブレーキ用である、請求項９～１４のいずれか１項に記載の摩擦材組成物。 The friction material composition according to any one of claims 9 to 14, which is used for disc brake pads, drum brake linings, clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes or holding brakes.
- 請求項９～１５のいずれか１項に記載の摩擦材組成物を含有してなる摩擦材。 A friction material containing the friction material composition according to any one of claims 9 to 15.
- 請求項１６に記載の摩擦材を搭載した車両。 A vehicle equipped with the friction material according to claim 16.
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